7SPMHRI
M RS[SG^IWRI
QIFPI OYGLIRRI
2EW^E JMVQE TS[WXEE RE TSG^ʇXOY PEX X]GL ;]OSRYNIQ]
QIFPI [IHYK RENFEVH^MIN []W^YOER]GL TVSNIOXɸ[ REW^]GL
/PMIRXɸ[ 2MI^HIG]HS[ER]Q ^ TV^]NIQRSˑGMʇ WY˴]Q] VEHʇ
M TSQEKEQ] TV^] X[SV^IRMY MGL []QEV^SR]GL QIFPM RE
^EQɸ[MIRMI OXɸVI TSQSKʇ WX[SV^]ʉ [RʙXV^E HS OXɸV]GL
/PMIRGM FʙHʇ GLʙXRMI [VEGEʉ OE˴HIKS HRME
2
2EWEW^I []VSF] [W^IPOMIKS VSH^ENY QIFPI OYGLIRRI
FMFPMSXIOM KEVHIVSF] QIFPI E^MIROS[I QIFPI HS W]TMEPRM
WXS] HV^[M [I[RʙXV^RI QIFPI HS KEFMRIXɸ[ SVE^ FMYV
[]OSRERI Wʇ ^ QEXIVMEɸ[ REN[]˴W^IN NEOSˑGM (ENI XS
/PMIRXSQ K[EVERGNʙ XV[ESˑGM
4
4VSTSRYNIQ] 4EʾWX[Y W^IVSOʇ SJIVXʙ QIFPM ^EVɸ[RS TSH
[^KPʙHIQ [^SVRMGX[E NEO M []OSV^]WX][ER]GL QEXIVMEɸ[
4V^IH TV^]WXʇTMIRMIQ HS VIEPM^EGNM ^EQɸ[MIRME
TV^]KSXS[YNIQ] MRH][MHYEPR] TVSNIOX 1IFPI TVSHYOS[ERI
TV^I^ REW^ʇ JMVQʙ GIGLYNI []WSOE
.%/3ːʈ *92/'.32%023ːʈ M 46%/8='>23ːʈ SVE^
RMITS[XEV^EPR] []KPʇH
3JIVXE REW^IN JMVQ] NIWX IPEWX]G^RE [ TIRM HSWXSWS[ERE HS MRH][MHYEPR]GL TSXV^IF OPMIRXE 'IGLYNI
REW NEOSˑʉ SVE^ TV^]WXʙTRE GIRE
4VSNIOXYNIQ] M []OSRYNIQ] 1IFPI OYGLIRRI WEOVEPRI E^MIROS[I ^EFYHS[] W]TMEPRM W^EJ]
[RʙOS[I KEVHIVSF] QIFPI FMYVS[I M TSOSNS[I SVE^ [W^IPOMI QIFPI RMIX]TS[I 8EO˴I TVSNIOXYNIQ]
W^EFPSR] QEPEVWOMI RT ^REOM HVSKS[I T T T T T MXH
4VE[HSTSHSFRMI Wʇ XS RENWSPMHRMINW^I
QIFPI RE ˑ[MIGMI
) QEMP ONSNG^YO$KQEMP GSQ
8IP
(^MEEQ] RE XIVIRMI GEIN 4SPWOM QMʙH^] MRR]QM
1SVʇK 3WXVɸHE 3PW^X]R )PFPʇK 4VYW^G^ +HEʾWOM +HEʾWO +H]RME
>EOEH TVSHYOG]NR]
7XVY˴]RE ŵ 1SVʇK
[[[ ONQIFPI TP
7SPMHRI
M RS[SG^IWRI
QIFPI OYGLIRRI
2EW^E JMVQE TS[WXEE RE TSG^ʇXOY PEX X]GL ;]OSRYNIQ]
QIFPI [IHYK RENFEVH^MIN []W^YOER]GL TVSNIOXɸ[ REW^]GL
/PMIRXɸ[ 2MI^HIG]HS[ER]Q ^ TV^]NIQRSˑGMʇ WY˴]Q] VEHʇ
M TSQEKEQ] TV^] X[SV^IRMY MGL []QEV^SR]GL QIFPM RE
^EQɸ[MIRMI OXɸVI TSQSKʇ WX[SV^]ʉ [RʙXV^E HS OXɸV]GL
/PMIRGM FʙHʇ GLʙXRMI [VEGEʉ OE˴HIKS HRME
2
2EWEW^I []VSF] [W^IPOMIKS VSH^ENY QIFPI OYGLIRRI
FMFPMSXIOM KEVHIVSF] QIFPI E^MIROS[I QIFPI HS W]TMEPRM
WXS] HV^[M [I[RʙXV^RI QIFPI HS KEFMRIXɸ[ SVE^ FMYV
[]OSRERI Wʇ ^ QEXIVMEɸ[ REN[]˴W^IN NEOSˑGM (ENI XS
/PMIRXSQ K[EVERGNʙ XV[ESˑGM
4
4VSTSRYNIQ] 4EʾWX[Y W^IVSOʇ SJIVXʙ QIFPM ^EVɸ[RS TSH
[^KPʙHIQ [^SVRMGX[E NEO M []OSV^]WX][ER]GL QEXIVMEɸ[
4V^IH TV^]WXʇTMIRMIQ HS VIEPM^EGNM ^EQɸ[MIRME
TV^]KSXS[YNIQ] MRH][MHYEPR] TVSNIOX 1IFPI TVSHYOS[ERI
TV^I^ REW^ʇ JMVQʙ GIGLYNI []WSOE
.%/3ːʈ *92/'.32%023ːʈ M 46%/8='>23ːʈ SVE^
RMITS[XEV^EPR] []KPʇH
3JIVXE REW^IN JMVQ] NIWX IPEWX]G^RE [ TIRM HSWXSWS[ERE HS MRH][MHYEPR]GL TSXV^IF OPMIRXE 'IGLYNI
REW NEOSˑʉ SVE^ TV^]WXʙTRE GIRE
4VSNIOXYNIQ] M []OSRYNIQ] 1IFPI OYGLIRRI WEOVEPRI E^MIROS[I ^EFYHS[] W]TMEPRM W^EJ]
[RʙOS[I KEVHIVSF] QIFPI FMYVS[I M TSOSNS[I SVE^ [W^IPOMI QIFPI RMIX]TS[I 8EO˴I TVSNIOXYNIQ]
W^EFPSR] QEPEVWOMI RT ^REOM HVSKS[I T T T T T MXH
4VE[HSTSHSFRMI Wʇ XS RENWSPMHRMINW^I
QIFPI RE ˑ[MIGMI
) QEMP ONSNG^YO$KQEMP GSQ
8IP
(^MEEQ] RE XIVIRMI GEIN 4SPWOM QMʙH^] MRR]QM
1SVʇK 3WXVɸHE 3PW^X]R )PFPʇK 4VYW^G^ +HEʾWOM +HEʾWO +H]RME
>EOEH TVSHYOG]NR]
7XVY˴]RE ŵ 1SVʇK
[[[ ONQIFPI TP
2EW^E JMVQE MWXRMINI SH VSOY 4VSHYOYNIQ] WTV^ʚX S˒[MIXPIRMS[]
7TIGNEPM^YNIQ] WMʚ [ TVSHYOGNM PEQT RE ^EQɹ[MIRMI 4SHWXE[S[]QM
TVSHYOXEQM Wʈ PEQT] [MW^ʈGI ^ EFE˵YVEQM S Vɹ˵R]GL OW^XEXEGL
M [MIPOS˒GMEGL HS PEQT [MW^ʈG]GL QS˵RE Vɹ[RMI˵ ^EQɹ[Mʊ PEQT]
TSHSKS[I FMYVOS[I OMROMIX]
(SS TVSHYOGNM EFE˵YVɹ[ WTVS[EH^EQ] QEXIVME] VIRSQS[ER]GL JMVQ
(
^EKVERMG^R]GL ;W^]WXOMI QEXIVME] QENʈ EXIWX & XVYHRSTEPRI QEQ]
XI˵ WTIGNEPRʈ SJIVXʚ HPE LSXIPM QEXIVMEɹ[ RMITEPR]GL
^ EXIWXIQ & ;]OSRYNIQ] Vɹ[RMI˵ EFE˵YV]
^ QEXIVMEɹ[ OPMIRXE 4SQEKEQ] [ HSFSV^I S˒[MIXPIRME HS [RʚXV^E
4VSHYOGNE RS[SG^IWRIKS Sˑ[MIXPIRME
4PEJSR] /MROMIX] 0EQT] TSHSKS[I 0EQT] [MW^ʇGI
(SQEVI\ GSQ TP
>ETVEW^EQ] HS OSRXEOXY
(SQEVI\
YP % 0SGGMIKS
;%67>%;%
8IP *E\
1SF ;]WXEVG^] TSQ]W Q] ^ENQMIQ] WMI VIW^Xʇ
) QEMP HSQE QEMP HSQEVI\$[T TP HSQEVI\$HSQEVI\ GSQ TP
)
2EW^E JMVQE MWXRMINI SH VSOY 4VSHYOYNIQ] WTV^ʚX S˒[MIXPIRMS[]
7TIGNEPM^YNIQ] WMʚ [ TVSHYOGNM PEQT RE ^EQɹ[MIRMI 4SHWXE[S[]QM
TVSHYOXEQM Wʈ PEQT] [MW^ʈGI ^ EFE˵YVEQM S Vɹ˵R]GL OW^XEXEGL
M [MIPOS˒GMEGL HS PEQT [MW^ʈG]GL QS˵RE Vɹ[RMI˵ ^EQɹ[Mʊ PEQT]
TSHSKS[I FMYVOS[I OMROMIX]
(SS TVSHYOGNM EFE˵YVɹ[ WTVS[EH^EQ] QEXIVME] VIRSQS[ER]GL JMVQ
(
^EKVERMG^R]GL ;W^]WXOMI QEXIVME] QENʈ EXIWX & XVYHRSTEPRI QEQ]
XI˵ WTIGNEPRʈ SJIVXʚ HPE LSXIPM QEXIVMEɹ[ RMITEPR]GL
^ EXIWXIQ & ;]OSRYNIQ] Vɹ[RMI˵ EFE˵YV]
^ QEXIVMEɹ[ OPMIRXE 4SQEKEQ] [ HSFSV^I S˒[MIXPIRME HS [RʚXV^E
4VSHYOGNE RS[SG^IWRIKS Sˑ[MIXPIRME
4PEJSR] /MROMIX] 0EQT] TSHSKS[I 0EQT] [MW^ʇGI
(SQEVI\ GSQ TP
>ETVEW^EQ] HS OSRXEOXY
(SQEVI\
YP % 0SGGMIKS
;%67>%;%
8IP *E\
1SF ;]WXEVG^] TSQ]W Q] ^ENQMIQ] WMI VIW^Xʇ
) QEMP HSQE QEMP HSQEVI\$[T TP HSQEVI\$HSQEVI\ GSQ TP
)