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2MRMINW^]MRMINW^] TVSKVEQ IHYOEG]NR] NIWX TVÎ^REG^SR]ɅHPE X]GL [W^]WXOMGL YG^RMɹ[
OPEW RM˵W^]GL OXɹV^] GLGʈ TSTVÎ^ ʊ[MGÎRME [ JSVQMI KV] ɅHSWOSREPMʊ W[SNI
YQMINʚXRS˒GM QEXIQEX]G^RI 2E QSV^Y [ KʚFMREGL QSVWOMGL M RE TPE˵] GÎOE
RE RMGL QRɹWX[S GMIOE[]GL MRXIVEOX][R]GL KMIV Ê TSQSGʈ OXɹV]GL QSKʈ RE
[MIPI WTSWSFɹ[ ʊ[MG^]ʊɅHSHE[ERMI M SHINQS[ERMI E XEO˵I QRS˵IRMI M H^MIPI
RMI SVE^ TSVɹ[R][ERMI PMG^F

[[[ HMHEOXE TP ŵ [[[ WMPGSQ QYPXMQIHME TP ŵ )QEMP MRJS$WMPGSQ QYPXMQIHME TP

1ʇHVEPE RE [WM 1SNI TMIV[WÎ Wɸ[OE )2

1ʈHVEPE RE [WM XS QYPXMQIHMEPR] TVSKVEQ IHYOEG]NR] HPE H^MIGM OXɹV] 1YPXMQIHMEPR] TVSKVEQ IHYOEG]NR]Ʌ1SNI TMIV[WÎ Wɹ[OE .ʚ^]O ERKMIP
[ EXVEOG]NR] WTSWɹF [ JSVQMI ÊFE[] ÊTS^RE NI ^ Vɹ˵R]QM KEXYROEQM WOMɅNIWX TSH^MIPSR] RE H[MI G^ʚ˒GM '^ʚ˒ʊ IHYOEG]NREɅSFINQYNI WS[RM
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1ʇHVEPE M NIKS WEJEVM
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1ʈHVEPE M NIKS WEJEVM XS QYPXMQIHMEPR] TVSKVEQ IHYOEG]NR] HPE H^MIGM
OXɹV] [ EXVEOG]NR] WTSWɹF [ JSVQMI ÊFE[] ÊTS^RE NI ^ Vɹ˵R]QM KE 1YPXMQIHMEPR] TVSKVEQ TVÎ^REG^SR] HPE YG^RMɹ[ WÔɹ TSHWXE[S
XYROEQM ^[MIV^ʈX ^ GEIKS ˒[MEXE []GL TS^RENʈG]GL XENRMOMɅKVEQEX]OM Nʚ^]OE TSPWOMIKS ÊVɹ[RS HPE
X]GL OXɹV^] WXE[MENʈ TMIV[WÎ OVSOM [ VS^TS^RE[ERMY TSW^GÎKɹP
R]GLɅG^ʚ˒GM QS[] NEO M X]GL OXɹV^] ^RENʈ NY˵ XI ÊKEHRMIRME QSVJSPS
KMM M TVEKRʈ NI WSFMI YXV[EPMʊ

4SPWOE M NIN [SNI[ɸH^X[E

8
8IR QYPXMQIHMEPR] TVSKVEQ TV^]FPM˵] H^MIGMSQ XIQEX]Oʚ TSH^MEY 4SPWOM
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SKɹPRʈ GLEVEOXIV]WX]Oʈ M HER]QM WXEX]WX]G^R]QM HSX]G^ʈG]QM TSW^GÎ
KɹPR]GL [SNI[ɹH^X[ ^ MRJSVQEGNEQM RE XIQEX [EVYROɹ[ TV^]VSHRMG^]GL
TVÎQ]WY VSPRMGX[E TS^RENʈ WE[R]GL 4SPEOɹ[ ^[MʈÊR]GL ^ TSW^GÎ
KɹPR]QM [SNI[ɹH^X[EQM E XEO˵I ÊF]XOM M GMIOE[I QMINWGE

9RME )YVSTINWOE HPE H^MIGM

1
1YPXMQIHMEPR]YPXMQIHMEPR] TVSKVEQ IHYOEG]NR]Ʌ9RME )YVSTINWOEɅNIWX TSH^MIPSR] RE
H[MI G^ʚ˒GM '^ʚ˒ʊ IHYOEG]NREɅÊ[MIVE TSHWXE[S[IɅHERI WXEX]WX]G^RI
S TEʿWX[EGL 9) MRJSVQEGNI S TVÎQ]˒PI M VSPRMGX[MI ũ QS˵RE XYXEN ^RE
PI˳ʊ QET] OSRXYVS[I Ê[MIVENʈGI Kɹ[RI IPIQIRX] GLEVEOXIV]^YNʈGI
TSW^GÎKɹPRI OVENI TSS˵IRMI QMEWX TEWQ KɹVWOMGL []˵]R M RM^MR VÎOM
XIVIR] TVÎQ]WS[I SVE^ VSPRMGÎ

1SNI TMIV[WÎ Wɸ[OE ()

1YPXMQIHMEPR] TVSKVEQ IHYOEG]NR]Ʌ1SNI TMIV[WÎ Wɹ[OE .ʚ^]O RMI
QMIGOMɅNIWX TSH^MIPSR] RE H[MI G^ʚ˒GM '^ʚ˒ʊ IHYOEG]NREɅSFINQYNI WS[
RMGÎO MPYWXVS[ER] [ OXɹV]Q Y˵]XOS[RMO TS^RENI TSW^GÎKɹPRI WS[E
YTSV^ʈHOS[ERI EPJEFIX]G^RMI PYF [ SOVI˒PSR]GL OVʚKEGL XIQEX]G^R]GL
;W^]WXOMI Wɹ[OE G^]XERI Wʈ TVÎ^ TVSJIWNSREPRIKS PIOXSVE

[[[ HMHEOXE TP ŵ [[[ WMPGSQ QYPXMQIHME TP ŵ )QEMP MRJS$WMPGSQ QYPXMQIHME TP

1ʇHVEPE RE [WM 1SNI TMIV[WÎ Wɸ[OE )2

1ʈHVEPE RE [WM XS QYPXMQIHMEPR] TVSKVEQ IHYOEG]NR] HPE H^MIGM OXɹV] 1YPXMQIHMEPR] TVSKVEQ IHYOEG]NR]Ʌ1SNI TMIV[WÎ Wɹ[OE .ʚ^]O ERKMIP
[ EXVEOG]NR] WTSWɹF [ JSVQMI ÊFE[] ÊTS^RE NI ^ Vɹ˵R]QM KEXYROEQM WOMɅNIWX TSH^MIPSR] RE H[MI G^ʚ˒GM '^ʚ˒ʊ IHYOEG]NREɅSFINQYNI WS[RM
^[MIV^ʈX HSQS[]GL PYF []WXʚTYNʈG]GL [ TSFPM˵Y PYHÔMGL WMIH^MF RE GÎO MPYWXVS[ER] [ OXɹV]Q Y˵]XOS[RMO TS^RENI TSW^GÎKɹPRI WS[E
TSPEGL ʈOEGL [ WXE[EGL M PEWEGL YTSV^ʈHOS[ERI EPJEFIX]G^RMI PYF [ SOVI˒PSR]GL OVʚKEGL XIQEX]G^R]GL
;W^]WXOMI Wɹ[OE G^]XERI Wʈ TVÎ^ TVSJIWNSREPRIKS PIOXSVE

1ʇHVEPE M NIKS WEJEVM
'^ʙˑGM QS[] LST HS KS[]

1ʈHVEPE M NIKS WEJEVM XS QYPXMQIHMEPR] TVSKVEQ IHYOEG]NR] HPE H^MIGM
OXɹV] [ EXVEOG]NR] WTSWɹF [ JSVQMI ÊFE[] ÊTS^RE NI ^ Vɹ˵R]QM KE 1YPXMQIHMEPR] TVSKVEQ TVÎ^REG^SR] HPE YG^RMɹ[ WÔɹ TSHWXE[S
XYROEQM ^[MIV^ʈX ^ GEIKS ˒[MEXE []GL TS^RENʈG]GL XENRMOMɅKVEQEX]OM Nʚ^]OE TSPWOMIKS ÊVɹ[RS HPE
X]GL OXɹV^] WXE[MENʈ TMIV[WÎ OVSOM [ VS^TS^RE[ERMY TSW^GÎKɹP
R]GLɅG^ʚ˒GM QS[] NEO M X]GL OXɹV^] ^RENʈ NY˵ XI ÊKEHRMIRME QSVJSPS
KMM M TVEKRʈ NI WSFMI YXV[EPMʊ

4SPWOE M NIN [SNI[ɸH^X[E

8
8IR QYPXMQIHMEPR] TVSKVEQ TV^]FPM˵] H^MIGMSQ XIQEX]Oʚ TSH^MEY 4SPWOM
RE [SNI[ɹH^X[E ;ɅG^ʚ˒GM IHYOEG]NRINɅY˵]XOS[RMG] ÊTS^RENʈ WMʚ ^
SKɹPRʈ GLEVEOXIV]WX]Oʈ M HER]QM WXEX]WX]G^R]QM HSX]G^ʈG]QM TSW^GÎ
KɹPR]GL [SNI[ɹH^X[ ^ MRJSVQEGNEQM RE XIQEX [EVYROɹ[ TV^]VSHRMG^]GL
TVÎQ]WY VSPRMGX[E TS^RENʈ WE[R]GL 4SPEOɹ[ ^[MʈÊR]GL ^ TSW^GÎ
KɹPR]QM [SNI[ɹH^X[EQM E XEO˵I ÊF]XOM M GMIOE[I QMINWGE

9RME )YVSTINWOE HPE H^MIGM

1YPXMQIHMEPR]YPXMQIHMEPR] TVSKVEQ IHYOEG]NR]Ʌ9RME )YVSTINWOEɅNIWX TSH^MIPSR] RE
1
H[MI G^ʚ˒GM '^ʚ˒ʊ IHYOEG]NREɅÊ[MIVE TSHWXE[S[IɅHERI WXEX]WX]G^RI
S TEʿWX[EGL 9) MRJSVQEGNI S TVÎQ]˒PI M VSPRMGX[MI ũ QS˵RE XYXEN ^RE
PI˳ʊ QET] OSRXYVS[I Ê[MIVENʈGI Kɹ[RI IPIQIRX] GLEVEOXIV]^YNʈGI
TSW^GÎKɹPRI OVENI TSS˵IRMI QMEWX TEWQ KɹVWOMGL []˵]R M RM^MR VÎOM
XIVIR] TVÎQ]WS[I SVE^ VSPRMGÎ

1SNI TMIV[WÎ Wɸ[OE ()

1YPXMQIHMEPR] TVSKVEQ IHYOEG]NR]Ʌ1SNI TMIV[WÎ Wɹ[OE .ʚ^]O RMI
QMIGOMɅNIWX TSH^MIPSR] RE H[MI G^ʚ˒GM '^ʚ˒ʊ IHYOEG]NREɅSFINQYNI WS[
RMGÎO MPYWXVS[ER] [ OXɹV]Q Y˵]XOS[RMO TS^RENI TSW^GÎKɹPRI WS[E
YTSV^ʈHOS[ERI EPJEFIX]G^RMI PYF [ SOVI˒PSR]GL OVʚKEGL XIQEX]G^R]GL
;W^]WXOMI Wɹ[OE G^]XERI Wʈ TVÎ^ TVSJIWNSREPRIKS PIOXSVE

[[[ HMHEOXE TP ŵ [[[ WMPGSQ QYPXMQIHME TP ŵ )QEMP MRJS$WMPGSQ QYPXMQIHME TP

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