MP Espe Boskie Ksiazki

Seria „WYCHOWANIE” obejmuje
starannie dobrane poradniki
autorstwa praktyków, którzy mają
ogromne doświadczenie w procesie

wychowywania dzieci. Ich tematyka
dotyczy rozwoju dziecka od narodzenia
aż do okresu nastoletniego. Mogą

one wspomóc naszą wiedzę
m.in. w zakresie: zrozumienia
zachowania naszych dzieci, stawania Oferują konkretne i sprawdzone Książka ta pokazuje, Autorki odwołując się

się świadomym i konsekwentnym metody, bazujące na najnowszej że bez krzyków i gróźb można do swojego kilkudziesięcioletniego
rodzicem, naszego wpływu na dzieci wiedzy w zakresie psychologii mieć wpływ na zachowanie dziecka doświadczenia w wychowaniu dziewczynek
i wychować je na odpowiedzialnego
i doradzaniu ich rodzicom odpowiadają na wiele
i kształtowania ich tożsamości. i życiowym, praktycznym i kochającego innych człowieka. pytań związanych z tym zagadnieniem.
doświadczeniu.




































Książka oferuje kompletny W oparciu o najnowsze
program radzenia sobie z problemami, jakie badania i wiele konkretnych
chłopcy mogą stwarzać rodzicom, wychowawcom przykładów z życia autor prezentuje skuteczną
czy nauczycielom. Swoje rady ilustrują wieloma metodę, łączącą miłość i wrażliwość na potrzeby
zabawnymi historiami. dziecka z dyscypliną i jasnymi zasadami.

Seria „WYCHOWANIE” obejmuje
starannie dobrane poradniki
autorstwa praktyków, którzy mają
ogromne doświadczenie w procesie

wychowywania dzieci. Ich tematyka
dotyczy rozwoju dziecka od narodzenia
aż do okresu nastoletniego. Mogą

one wspomóc naszą wiedzę
m.in. w zakresie: zrozumienia
zachowania naszych dzieci, stawania Oferują konkretne i sprawdzone Książka ta pokazuje, Autorki odwołując się

się świadomym i konsekwentnym metody, bazujące na najnowszej że bez krzyków i gróźb można do swojego kilkudziesięcioletniego
rodzicem, naszego wpływu na dzieci wiedzy w zakresie psychologii mieć wpływ na zachowanie dziecka doświadczenia w wychowaniu dziewczynek
i wychować je na odpowiedzialnego
i doradzaniu ich rodzicom odpowiadają na wiele
i kształtowania ich tożsamości. i życiowym, praktycznym i kochającego innych człowieka. pytań związanych z tym zagadnieniem.
doświadczeniu.




































Książka oferuje kompletny W oparciu o najnowsze
program radzenia sobie z problemami, jakie badania i wiele konkretnych
chłopcy mogą stwarzać rodzicom, wychowawcom przykładów z życia autor prezentuje skuteczną
czy nauczycielom. Swoje rady ilustrują wieloma metodę, łączącą miłość i wrażliwość na potrzeby
zabawnymi historiami. dziecka z dyscypliną i jasnymi zasadami.

ʷ˟˔˖˭˘˚ˢ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˔ ˗ˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠʲ ˍʷ˅˂ˊˌ ˁʴˊˌʾʟ

ʾˇ̥˅ˌ Άʴˇˊ˂
˃˂ˁʼʸˊʴι ˆ˂ʾʼ ˍ ˊˌʶʼˆʾʴ˅ʾʼ ʻˈ˅˂ˀ ˆ͖ ˁʴʽʿʸ˃ˆˍʸʔ
ˊ
ˊˢ˟ˡˢˢ˕˥ˢ˧ˢ˪˘ˢ˟ˡˢˢ˕˥ˢ˧ˢ˪˘ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˜ ˗ˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˖˘˖˛˨˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔˝˪ˬκ˦˭͗ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜͗ ˪ˬ˞ˢˡ˔ˡ˜˔ʟ
ˢ˥˔˭ ˢ˙˘˥˨˝͗ ˡ˔˝˪˜ͩ˞˦˭͗ ˪ˬ˗˔˝ˡˢΝ͙ ˜ ˞˟˔˥ˢ˪ˡˢΝ͙ ˪ˬ˗ˢ˕ˬ˪˔ˡ˘˚ˢ ˦ˢ˞˨ ˦ˣˢΝ˥ͅ˗ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜˖˛ ˈˇ˅ˍˌˀʴ͘
˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˘˞ ˪ˢ˟ˡˢˢ˕˥ˢ˧ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ʟ ˗ˢ˦˧ͩˣˡˬ˖˛ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ʡ ˆˢ˞˜ ˭ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˘˞ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˞ˢ˥˭ˬ˦˧ˡ˜˘˝
˪ˣ·ˬ˪˔˝͗ ˡ˔ ˭˗˥ˢ˪˜˘ ˢ˥˔˭ ˪˜˧˔˟ˡˢΝ͙ ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ʟ ˗˟˔˧˘˚ˢ ˧˔˞ ˪˜˘˟˨ ˟˘˞˔˥˭ˬ ˥˘˞ˢˠ˘ˡ˗˨˝˘
ʷˢ˪˜˘˗˭ ˦˜ͩ ˗˟˔˖˭˘˚ˢ ˦ˢ˞
ˣ˜˖˜˘ Ν˪˜˘κˬ˖˛ ˗ˢˠˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʛ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˡ˔ ˭˜ˠˡˢʜ ˝˔˞ˢ ˟˘˞˔˥˦˧˪ˢ ˡ˔ ˥ͅκˡ˘˚ˢ
˭ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˜ ˗ˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˝˘˦˧
˥ˢ˗˭˔˝˨ ˖˛ˢ˥ˢ˕ˬʟ ˪ ˧ˬˠ ˡˢ˪ˢ˧˪ˢ˥ˬʡ
˗ˢ˕˥ˬ ˗˟˔ ˇ˪ˢ˝˘˚ˢ ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ ˧˔˞
ʶ ˦˔ˠˢ ˝˔˞ ˗˟˔ ˇ˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˞˨˕˞ͅ˪
ʶˢ˗˭˜˘ˡˡ˘ˢ˗˭˜˘ˡˡ˘ ˦ˣˢκˬ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˣˢ˥˖˝˜ ˪˔˥˭ˬ˪ ˜ ˢ˪ˢ˖ͅ˪ ˝˘˦˧ ˢ˚˥ˢˠˡ˜˘ ˪˔κˡ˘ ˗˟˔ ˡ˔˦˭˘˚ˢ ˭˗˥ˢ˪˜˔ ˜
˗ˢ˕˥˘˚ˢ ˦˔ˠˢˣˢ˖˭˨˖˜˔ ˭˘ ˪˭˚˟ͩ˗˨ ˡ˔ ˭˔˪˔˥˧ˢΝ͙ ˪˜˧˔ˠ˜ˡʟ ˠ˜ˡ˘˥˔·ͅ˪ʟ ˘ˡ˭ˬˠͅ˪ʟ ˦ˠ˔˞ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ʡ
˙˜˧ˢ˦˞·˔˗ˡ˜˞ͅ˪ ˢ˥˔˭ ˕·ˢˡˡ˜˞˔ ϛ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜˘˚ˢʟ ˖ˢ ˝˘˦˧ ˡ˜˘˭˕ͩ˗ˡ˘ ˗ˢ ˭˗˥ˢ˪˘˚ˢ ˙˨ˡ˞˖˝ˢˡˢ˪˔ˡ˜˔
ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ ˔ ˧˔˞κ˘ ˢ˖˛˥ˢˡˬ ˣ˥˭˘˗ ˖˛ˢ˥ˢ˕˔ˠ˜ʡ
ˀ
ˀ˜ˡ˜˦˧˘˥˦˧˪ˢ˜ˡ˜˦˧˘˥˦˧˪ˢ ˍ˗˥ˢ˪˜˔ ˭˔˟˘˖˔ ˖ˢ˗˭˜˘ˡˡ˘ ˣ˜˖˜˘ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ˔˥˚˨ˠ˘ˡ˧˨˝͗˖ʟ κ˘ ˝˘˦˧ ˧ˢ
ˡ˔˝˘˙˘˞˧ˬ˪ˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ ˦ˣˢ˦ͅ˕ ˡ˔ ˣ˥˭ˬ˦˪˔˝˔ˡ˜˘ ˪˜˧˔ˠ˜ˡʟ ˘ˡ˭ˬˠͅ˪ ˜ ˠ˜ˡ˘˥˔·ͅ˪ ˭˔˪˔˥˧ˬ˖˛ ˪
ˢ˪ˢ˖˔˖˛ ˜ ˪˔˥˭ˬ˪˔˖˛ʡ ʵ˔˗˔ˡ˜˔ ˗ˢ˪ˢ˗˭͗ʟ κ˘ ˪ˬˣ˜˖˜˘ ˦ˢ˞˨ ˣˢ˗˪ˬκ˦˭˔ ˣˢ˭˜ˢˠ
ˣ˥˭ˬ˦˪˔˝˔˟ˡˢΝ˖˜ ˢ ʧ ˥˔˭ˬ ˢ˥˔˭ ˣ˥˭ˬ˦ˣ˜˘˦˭˔ ˖˭˔˦ ˧˥˔˪˜˘ˡ˜˔ʡ
ˇʻʸ ˂˅ʼʺʼˁʴʿ
ˆ˃˅ʴˊ ʴʵˌ ˆ˂ʾ ˃Άˌˁ͖Ά ˆ˪ˢ˥˭ˬ˟˜Νˠˬ ˣ˜˘˥˪˦˭͗ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞ͩ ˗ˢ

˂˗˖˛˨˗˭˔ˡ˜˘ʟ ˢ˖˭ˬ˦˭˖˭˔ˡ˜˘ ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ ˟˨˕ ˣˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ʟ ˡ˔˦˧ͩˣˡ˜˘ ˗ˢˣ˥˔˖ˢ˪ˬ˪˔˟˜Νˠˬ ʽ͗
ˣ˥ˢ˦˧˨ ˗˨κ˔ ˦˭˞˟˔ˡ˞˔ ˣˬ˦˭ˡ˘˚ˢ ˦ˢ˞˨ʡ ˣ˥˭˘˭ ʧʣ ˟˔˧ʟ ˢ˦˜͗˚˔˝͗˖ ˦˭˖˭ˬ˧ ˠˢκ˟˜˪ˢΝ˖˜
ˁ˜˘˭˥ͅ˪ˡ˔ˡ˔ ˪˦˭˘˖˛˦˧˥ˢˡˡˢΝ͙ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˘˞ ˗ˢ ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚˜˖˭ˡ˘˝ʡ
˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˦ˣ˥˔˪˜˔ʟ κ˘ ˇ˪ˢ˝˔ ˭˔˖˛˖˜˔ˡ˞˔ ˝˘˦˧
˗˟˔ ˡ˔˦ ˥ˢ˭˞˔˭˘ˠʡ

ʼˁˆ˃ʼ˅ˈʽ ʼ ʵ͖ʷη ˍʴʼˁˆ˃ʼ˅˂ˊʴˁˌʔ

ˇ˪ͅ˝ ˭˗˥ˢ˪ˬ ˧˥ˬ˕ κˬ˖˜˔ ˠˢκ˘ ˕ˬ͙ ˜ˡ˦ˣ˜˥˔˖˝͗ ˓
ˊˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˜ ˦ˢ˞˨ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˡ˜˘
˗˟˔ ˜ˡˡˬ˖˛ʭ ˥ͅ˕ ˭˗˝ͩ˖˜˔ ˧˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˨˟˨˕˜ˢˡˬ˖˛
ˡ˜˦˭˖˭͗ Ν˖˜˔ˡ ˞ˢˠͅ˥˞ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ʟ
˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ˜ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˦˞·˔˗ˡ˜˞ͅ˪ʟ ˗ˢ˗˔˝ ˧˔˚
ˣˢ˭ˢ˦˧˔˪˜˔˝͗˖ ˡ˔˧˨˥˔˟ˡˬ ˦ˠ˔˞ʟ
ʖʻˈ˅˂ˀ˃˂ʿˆʾʴ ˜ ˣˢ˗˭˜˘˟ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˜ˠ ˡ˔
˞ˢ˟ˢ˥ ˜ ˦˞·˔˗ˡ˜˞˜ ˢ˗κˬ˪˖˭˘
ʹ˔˖˘˕ˢˢ˞˨ʟ ˇ˪˜˧˧˘˥˭˘ ˟˨˕ ˡ˔ ʼˡ˦˧˔˚˥˔ˠ˜˘ʡ
˪ ˡ˜˘ˡ˔˥˨˦˭ˢˡˬˠ ˦˧˔ˡ˜˘ʡ
ʵ͗˗θ ˭˔˜ˡ˦ˣ˜˥ˢ˪˔ˡˬʡ





ˇ˘˟ʡʭ ʛʞʧʫʜ ʧʧ ʪʤʤ ʤʩ ʨʨ
˂˪˔˗ͅ˪ ʥʧʵ ˯ ʥʩʠʦʦʥ ˆ·˔˪ˡˢ










˪˪˪ʡ˛˨˥ˢˠʡˣ˟

˪˪˪ʡ˛˨˥ˢˠˣˢ˟˦˞˔ʡˣ˟


˜ˡ˙ˢʳ˛˨˥ˢˠˣˢ˟˦˞˔ʡˣ˟

ʷ˟˔˖˭˘˚ˢ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˔ ˗ˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠʲ ˍʷ˅˂ˊˌ ˁʴˊˌʾʟ

ʾˇ̥˅ˌ Άʴˇˊ˂
˃˂ˁʼʸˊʴι ˆ˂ʾʼ ˍ ˊˌʶʼˆʾʴ˅ʾʼ ʻˈ˅˂ˀ ˆ͖ ˁʴʽʿʸ˃ˆˍʸʔ
ˊ
ˊˢ˟ˡˢˢ˕˥ˢ˧ˢ˪˘ˢ˟ˡˢˢ˕˥ˢ˧ˢ˪˘ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˜ ˗ˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˖˘˖˛˨˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔˝˪ˬκ˦˭͗ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜͗ ˪ˬ˞ˢˡ˔ˡ˜˔ʟ
ˢ˥˔˭ ˢ˙˘˥˨˝͗ ˡ˔˝˪˜ͩ˞˦˭͗ ˪ˬ˗˔˝ˡˢΝ͙ ˜ ˞˟˔˥ˢ˪ˡˢΝ͙ ˪ˬ˗ˢ˕ˬ˪˔ˡ˘˚ˢ ˦ˢ˞˨ ˦ˣˢΝ˥ͅ˗ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜˖˛ ˈˇ˅ˍˌˀʴ͘
˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˘˞ ˪ˢ˟ˡˢˢ˕˥ˢ˧ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ʟ ˗ˢ˦˧ͩˣˡˬ˖˛ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ʡ ˆˢ˞˜ ˭ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˘˞ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˞ˢ˥˭ˬ˦˧ˡ˜˘˝
˪ˣ·ˬ˪˔˝͗ ˡ˔ ˭˗˥ˢ˪˜˘ ˢ˥˔˭ ˪˜˧˔˟ˡˢΝ͙ ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ʟ ˗˟˔˧˘˚ˢ ˧˔˞ ˪˜˘˟˨ ˟˘˞˔˥˭ˬ ˥˘˞ˢˠ˘ˡ˗˨˝˘
ʷˢ˪˜˘˗˭ ˦˜ͩ ˗˟˔˖˭˘˚ˢ ˦ˢ˞
ˣ˜˖˜˘ Ν˪˜˘κˬ˖˛ ˗ˢˠˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʛ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˡ˔ ˭˜ˠˡˢʜ ˝˔˞ˢ ˟˘˞˔˥˦˧˪ˢ ˡ˔ ˥ͅκˡ˘˚ˢ
˭ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˜ ˗ˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˝˘˦˧
˥ˢ˗˭˔˝˨ ˖˛ˢ˥ˢ˕ˬʟ ˪ ˧ˬˠ ˡˢ˪ˢ˧˪ˢ˥ˬʡ
˗ˢ˕˥ˬ ˗˟˔ ˇ˪ˢ˝˘˚ˢ ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ ˧˔˞
ʶ ˦˔ˠˢ ˝˔˞ ˗˟˔ ˇ˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˞˨˕˞ͅ˪
ʶˢ˗˭˜˘ˡˡ˘ˢ˗˭˜˘ˡˡ˘ ˦ˣˢκˬ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˣˢ˥˖˝˜ ˪˔˥˭ˬ˪ ˜ ˢ˪ˢ˖ͅ˪ ˝˘˦˧ ˢ˚˥ˢˠˡ˜˘ ˪˔κˡ˘ ˗˟˔ ˡ˔˦˭˘˚ˢ ˭˗˥ˢ˪˜˔ ˜
˗ˢ˕˥˘˚ˢ ˦˔ˠˢˣˢ˖˭˨˖˜˔ ˭˘ ˪˭˚˟ͩ˗˨ ˡ˔ ˭˔˪˔˥˧ˢΝ͙ ˪˜˧˔ˠ˜ˡʟ ˠ˜ˡ˘˥˔·ͅ˪ʟ ˘ˡ˭ˬˠͅ˪ʟ ˦ˠ˔˞ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ʡ
˙˜˧ˢ˦˞·˔˗ˡ˜˞ͅ˪ ˢ˥˔˭ ˕·ˢˡˡ˜˞˔ ϛ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜˘˚ˢʟ ˖ˢ ˝˘˦˧ ˡ˜˘˭˕ͩ˗ˡ˘ ˗ˢ ˭˗˥ˢ˪˘˚ˢ ˙˨ˡ˞˖˝ˢˡˢ˪˔ˡ˜˔
ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ ˔ ˧˔˞κ˘ ˢ˖˛˥ˢˡˬ ˣ˥˭˘˗ ˖˛ˢ˥ˢ˕˔ˠ˜ʡ
ˀ
ˀ˜ˡ˜˦˧˘˥˦˧˪ˢ˜ˡ˜˦˧˘˥˦˧˪ˢ ˍ˗˥ˢ˪˜˔ ˭˔˟˘˖˔ ˖ˢ˗˭˜˘ˡˡ˘ ˣ˜˖˜˘ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ˔˥˚˨ˠ˘ˡ˧˨˝͗˖ʟ κ˘ ˝˘˦˧ ˧ˢ
ˡ˔˝˘˙˘˞˧ˬ˪ˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ ˦ˣˢ˦ͅ˕ ˡ˔ ˣ˥˭ˬ˦˪˔˝˔ˡ˜˘ ˪˜˧˔ˠ˜ˡʟ ˘ˡ˭ˬˠͅ˪ ˜ ˠ˜ˡ˘˥˔·ͅ˪ ˭˔˪˔˥˧ˬ˖˛ ˪
ˢ˪ˢ˖˔˖˛ ˜ ˪˔˥˭ˬ˪˔˖˛ʡ ʵ˔˗˔ˡ˜˔ ˗ˢ˪ˢ˗˭͗ʟ κ˘ ˪ˬˣ˜˖˜˘ ˦ˢ˞˨ ˣˢ˗˪ˬκ˦˭˔ ˣˢ˭˜ˢˠ
ˣ˥˭ˬ˦˪˔˝˔˟ˡˢΝ˖˜ ˢ ʧ ˥˔˭ˬ ˢ˥˔˭ ˣ˥˭ˬ˦ˣ˜˘˦˭˔ ˖˭˔˦ ˧˥˔˪˜˘ˡ˜˔ʡ
ˇʻʸ ˂˅ʼʺʼˁʴʿ
ˆ˃˅ʴˊ ʴʵˌ ˆ˂ʾ ˃Άˌˁ͖Ά ˆ˪ˢ˥˭ˬ˟˜Νˠˬ ˣ˜˘˥˪˦˭͗ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞ͩ ˗ˢ

˂˗˖˛˨˗˭˔ˡ˜˘ʟ ˢ˖˭ˬ˦˭˖˭˔ˡ˜˘ ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ ˟˨˕ ˣˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ʟ ˡ˔˦˧ͩˣˡ˜˘ ˗ˢˣ˥˔˖ˢ˪ˬ˪˔˟˜Νˠˬ ʽ͗
ˣ˥ˢ˦˧˨ ˗˨κ˔ ˦˭˞˟˔ˡ˞˔ ˣˬ˦˭ˡ˘˚ˢ ˦ˢ˞˨ʡ ˣ˥˭˘˭ ʧʣ ˟˔˧ʟ ˢ˦˜͗˚˔˝͗˖ ˦˭˖˭ˬ˧ ˠˢκ˟˜˪ˢΝ˖˜
ˁ˜˘˭˥ͅ˪ˡ˔ˡ˔ ˪˦˭˘˖˛˦˧˥ˢˡˡˢΝ͙ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˘˞ ˗ˢ ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚˜˖˭ˡ˘˝ʡ
˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˦ˣ˥˔˪˜˔ʟ κ˘ ˇ˪ˢ˝˔ ˭˔˖˛˖˜˔ˡ˞˔ ˝˘˦˧
˗˟˔ ˡ˔˦ ˥ˢ˭˞˔˭˘ˠʡ

ʼˁˆ˃ʼ˅ˈʽ ʼ ʵ͖ʷη ˍʴʼˁˆ˃ʼ˅˂ˊʴˁˌʔ

ˇ˪ͅ˝ ˭˗˥ˢ˪ˬ ˧˥ˬ˕ κˬ˖˜˔ ˠˢκ˘ ˕ˬ͙ ˜ˡ˦ˣ˜˥˔˖˝͗ ˓
ˊˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˜ ˦ˢ˞˨ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˡ˜˘
˗˟˔ ˜ˡˡˬ˖˛ʭ ˥ͅ˕ ˭˗˝ͩ˖˜˔ ˧˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˨˟˨˕˜ˢˡˬ˖˛
ˡ˜˦˭˖˭͗ Ν˖˜˔ˡ ˞ˢˠͅ˥˞ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ʟ
˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ˜ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˦˞·˔˗ˡ˜˞ͅ˪ʟ ˗ˢ˗˔˝ ˧˔˚
ˣˢ˭ˢ˦˧˔˪˜˔˝͗˖ ˡ˔˧˨˥˔˟ˡˬ ˦ˠ˔˞ʟ
ʖʻˈ˅˂ˀ˃˂ʿˆʾʴ ˜ ˣˢ˗˭˜˘˟ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˜ˠ ˡ˔
˞ˢ˟ˢ˥ ˜ ˦˞·˔˗ˡ˜˞˜ ˢ˗κˬ˪˖˭˘
ʹ˔˖˘˕ˢˢ˞˨ʟ ˇ˪˜˧˧˘˥˭˘ ˟˨˕ ˡ˔ ʼˡ˦˧˔˚˥˔ˠ˜˘ʡ
˪ ˡ˜˘ˡ˔˥˨˦˭ˢˡˬˠ ˦˧˔ˡ˜˘ʡ
ʵ͗˗θ ˭˔˜ˡ˦ˣ˜˥ˢ˪˔ˡˬʡ





ˇ˘˟ʡʭ ʛʞʧʫʜ ʧʧ ʪʤʤ ʤʩ ʨʨ
˂˪˔˗ͅ˪ ʥʧʵ ˯ ʥʩʠʦʦʥ ˆ·˔˪ˡˢ










˪˪˪ʡ˛˨˥ˢˠʡˣ˟

˪˪˪ʡ˛˨˥ˢˠˣˢ˟˦˞˔ʡˣ˟


˜ˡ˙ˢʳ˛˨˥ˢˠˣˢ˟˦˞˔ʡˣ˟

%.) ŏ.+6,+ 6xž ŏ 6% ž (*+Ä\ŏ3ŏāĊĊăŏ.+'1ŏČŏ#ž¨3*%!ŏ6 &)+3 ž ŏ/%xŏ,.+ 1' &Nŏ .0ŏ/6'+(*+ŏġŏ %1.+35 $ŏ& 'ŏ, ,%!.5ŏ'+(+.+3!Čŏ' .0+*5ŏ'+(+.+3!Čŏ'+/0'%ŏ %1.+3!ŏ
'+(+.+3!ŏ%ŏ % ž!ŏ+. 6ŏ3%!(!ŏ%**5 $ċŏ .xŏ( 0ŏ+ ŏ.+6,+ 6x % ŏ 6% ž (*+Ä %ŏü.) ŏ ŏ 6 'ŏ/0 ž ŏ/%xŏ 5/0.5 10+.!)ŏ .0ċŏ/6'+(*5 $ŏ%ŏ %1.+35 $ċ

/6 ŏü.) ŏ6 +, 0.1&!ŏ3ĥ3ŏ,.+ 1'05ŏ +ŏ 6%/% &ŏ* &3%x'/6!ŏ$1.0+3*%!ŏ* ŏ + ' ., %1ċ

ŏĂĀāĀŏ.+'1ŏ6 &x(%Ä)5ŏ/%xŏ + 0'+3+ŏ,.+ 1' &Nŏ (+'¨3ŏ0! $*% 6*5 $ŏ%ŏ.5/1*'+35 $ŏ3ŏ3/65/0'% $ŏ +/0x,*5 $ŏ"+.) 0 $ŏ+. 6ŏ,.6!'ž !'ŏ%* !'/1&N 5 $ċŏ
ŏ05)ŏ/ )5)ŏ.+'1ŏ3!/6(%Ä)5ŏ* ŏ.5*!'ŏ%*0!.*!0+35ŏ# 6%!ŏ6ŏ' ø 5)ŏ.+'%!)ŏ+ *+/%)5ŏ +. 6ŏ3%x'/6!ŏ/1' !/5ċ

6%x'%ŏ/65 '+ŏ.+63%& &N !&ŏ/%xŏ/,.6! ø5ŏ35/5ž'+3!&ŏ3ŏ +(/ !ŏ* /6 ŏü.) ŏ3ŏ . 6+ŏ'.¨0'%)ŏ+'.!/%!ŏ 6 /1ŏ65/' ž ŏ/+ %!ŏ+#.+)*Nŏ.6!/6!ŏ'(%!*0¨3ċ

.65ŏ'+*0 '0 $ŏ6ŏ'(%!*0!)ŏ/0 3% )5ŏ/+ %!ŏ* ŏ !#+ŏ,!ž*!ŏ6 +3+(!*%!ŏ%ŏ/ 05/" ' &!ŏ6ŏ +'+* *5 $ŏ1ŏ* /ŏ6 '1,¨3ċŏ &!)5ŏ/+ %!ŏ/,. 3xŏø!ŏ 6 /ŏ0+ŏ
,%!*%N 6ŏ ( 0!#+ŏ* /6Nŏ)+ *Nŏ/0.+*Nŏ&!/0ŏ!'/,.!/+3!ŏ.! (%6 &!ŏ6 )¨3%!*% ċ






(+'ŏ.5/1*'+35ŏ
/6'+(*5

!* čŏĀČĊĆŏ6ž













(+*5ŏ,.!)%1)ŏ /0!(!ŏ+(!&*!ŏ
! *+.+ø! ŏāĂŅĥĆŏ/60 āĂŏ'+(+.¨3ŏ !*0!(

!* čŏąČĂĀŏ6ž !* čŏćČĂĀŏ6ž


.+' 0ŏ/5,'%ŏ
ćŏ'+(+.¨3ŏąĉ#

!* čŏćČĀĀŏ6ž














( /0!(%* ŏ/6'+(* ŏ
ŏ /ŏĂąŏ'+(+.5 ( ) /0.5ŏĂąŏ'+(+.5

!* čŏĆČćĀŏ6ž !* čŏąČąĀŏ6ž






333ċ/$ *ċ +)ċ,( ĉĉĂġĉāĆġăăĆ

%*"+Į/$ *ċ +)ċ,(

%.) ŏ.+6,+ 6xž ŏ 6% ž (*+Ä\ŏ3ŏāĊĊăŏ.+'1ŏČŏ#ž¨3*%!ŏ6 &)+3 ž ŏ/%xŏ,.+ 1' &Nŏ .0ŏ/6'+(*+ŏġŏ %1.+35 $ŏ& 'ŏ, ,%!.5ŏ'+(+.+3!Čŏ' .0+*5ŏ'+(+.+3!Čŏ'+/0'%ŏ %1.+3!ŏ
'+(+.+3!ŏ%ŏ % ž!ŏ+. 6ŏ3%!(!ŏ%**5 $ċŏ .xŏ( 0ŏ+ ŏ.+6,+ 6x % ŏ 6% ž (*+Ä %ŏü.) ŏ ŏ 6 'ŏ/0 ž ŏ/%xŏ 5/0.5 10+.!)ŏ .0ċŏ/6'+(*5 $ŏ%ŏ %1.+35 $ċ

/6 ŏü.) ŏ6 +, 0.1&!ŏ3ĥ3ŏ,.+ 1'05ŏ +ŏ 6%/% &ŏ* &3%x'/6!ŏ$1.0+3*%!ŏ* ŏ + ' ., %1ċ

ŏĂĀāĀŏ.+'1ŏ6 &x(%Ä)5ŏ/%xŏ + 0'+3+ŏ,.+ 1' &Nŏ (+'¨3ŏ0! $*% 6*5 $ŏ%ŏ.5/1*'+35 $ŏ3ŏ3/65/0'% $ŏ +/0x,*5 $ŏ"+.) 0 $ŏ+. 6ŏ,.6!'ž !'ŏ%* !'/1&N 5 $ċŏ
ŏ05)ŏ/ )5)ŏ.+'1ŏ3!/6(%Ä)5ŏ* ŏ.5*!'ŏ%*0!.*!0+35ŏ# 6%!ŏ6ŏ' ø 5)ŏ.+'%!)ŏ+ *+/%)5ŏ +. 6ŏ3%x'/6!ŏ/1' !/5ċ

6%x'%ŏ/65 '+ŏ.+63%& &N !&ŏ/%xŏ/,.6! ø5ŏ35/5ž'+3!&ŏ3ŏ +(/ !ŏ* /6 ŏü.) ŏ3ŏ . 6+ŏ'.¨0'%)ŏ+'.!/%!ŏ 6 /1ŏ65/' ž ŏ/+ %!ŏ+#.+)*Nŏ.6!/6!ŏ'(%!*0¨3ċ

.65ŏ'+*0 '0 $ŏ6ŏ'(%!*0!)ŏ/0 3% )5ŏ/+ %!ŏ* ŏ !#+ŏ,!ž*!ŏ6 +3+(!*%!ŏ%ŏ/ 05/" ' &!ŏ6ŏ +'+* *5 $ŏ1ŏ* /ŏ6 '1,¨3ċŏ &!)5ŏ/+ %!ŏ/,. 3xŏø!ŏ 6 /ŏ0+ŏ
,%!*%N 6ŏ ( 0!#+ŏ* /6Nŏ)+ *Nŏ/0.+*Nŏ&!/0ŏ!'/,.!/+3!ŏ.! (%6 &!ŏ6 )¨3%!*% ċ






(+'ŏ.5/1*'+35ŏ
/6'+(*5

!* čŏĀČĊĆŏ6ž













(+*5ŏ,.!)%1)ŏ /0!(!ŏ+(!&*!ŏ
! *+.+ø! ŏāĂŅĥĆŏ/60 āĂŏ'+(+.¨3ŏ !*0!(

!* čŏąČĂĀŏ6ž !* čŏćČĂĀŏ6ž


.+' 0ŏ/5,'%ŏ
ćŏ'+(+.¨3ŏąĉ#

!* čŏćČĀĀŏ6ž














( /0!(%* ŏ/6'+(* ŏ
ŏ /ŏĂąŏ'+(+.5 ( ) /0.5ŏĂąŏ'+(+.5

!* čŏĆČćĀŏ6ž !* čŏąČąĀŏ6ž






333ċ/$ *ċ +)ċ,( ĉĉĂġĉāĆġăăĆ

%*"+Į/$ *ċ +)ċ,(





2EW^ EWSVX]QIRX XS SJIVXE RMI X]POS HPE OSFMIX ś 0INHM TP XS WOPIT MRXIVRIXS[] SJIVYNÈG] V¶[RMIľ YFVERME H^MIGMÜGI HPE
H^MI[G^]RIO M GLąSTG¶[ XEOMI NEO W^PEJVSG^OM TąEW^G^]OM FPY^] FYGMOM RMIQS[PÜGI G^] WYOMIROM 4V^]OąEHEQ] [MIPOÈ
[EKÜ HS NEOSĝGM HSWXÜTR]GL Y REW TVSHYOX¶[ ;ąEĝRMI HPEXIKS HIG]HYNÈG WMÜ RE ^EOYT] [ REW^]Q WOPITMI
MRXIVRIXS[]Q QSľIW^ F]Ê TI[MIR ľI []FMIVEW^ X]POS RENPITW^] KEXYROS[S XV[Eą] M RMI^[]OPI EXVEOG]NR] [M^YEPRMI
TąEW^G^]O G^] MRR] IPIQIRX KEVHIVSF] 2E XIN WXVSRMI QEQ] TV^]NIQRSĝÊ ^ETVSTSRS[EÊ XMYPS[I WYOMIROM HPE
H^MI[G^]RIO W^PEJVSG^OM FPY^] H^MIGMÜGI OSVSROS[I FSH] E XEOľI FYGMOM RMIQS[PÜGI OX¶VI WTVE[H^È WMÜ V¶[RMIľ
HPE GLąSTPE GLąSTG¶[ (SWXÜTRI [ XIN OEXIKSVMM YFVERME HSWOSREPI SHTS[MIH^È RE SG^IOM[ERME OEľHIKS VSH^MGE OX¶V^] HPE
H
W[SMGL TSGMIGL []FMIVE SH^MIľ QSHRÈ M NIHRSG^IĝRMI XV[EąÈ















































;;; 0).(- 7/0)4 40 %22% /Û(>-%
YP .SEGLMQE 0IPI[IPE /SW^EPMR
XIP TSRMIH^MEą)/ TMÈXIO [ KSH^ I QEMP ^EQS[MIRMI$PINHM TP



[[[ PINHM TP

2EW^ EWSVX]QIRX XS SJIVXE RMI X]POS HPE OSFMIX ś 0INHM TP XS WOPIT MRXIVRIXS[] SJIVYNÈG] V¶[RMIľ YFVERME H^MIGMÜGI HPE
H^MI[G^]RIO M GLąSTG¶[ XEOMI NEO W^PEJVSG^OM TąEW^G^]OM FPY^] FYGMOM RMIQS[PÜGI G^] WYOMIROM 4V^]OąEHEQ] [MIPOÈ
[EKÜ HS NEOSĝGM HSWXÜTR]GL Y REW TVSHYOX¶[ ;ąEĝRMI HPEXIKS HIG]HYNÈG WMÜ RE ^EOYT] [ REW^]Q WOPITMI
MRXIVRIXS[]Q QSľIW^ F]Ê TI[MIR ľI []FMIVEW^ X]POS RENPITW^] KEXYROS[S XV[Eą] M RMI^[]OPI EXVEOG]NR] [M^YEPRMI
TąEW^G^]O G^] MRR] IPIQIRX KEVHIVSF] 2E XIN WXVSRMI QEQ] TV^]NIQRSĝÊ ^ETVSTSRS[EÊ XMYPS[I WYOMIROM HPE
H^MI[G^]RIO W^PEJVSG^OM FPY^] H^MIGMÜGI OSVSROS[I FSH] E XEOľI FYGMOM RMIQS[PÜGI OX¶VI WTVE[H^È WMÜ V¶[RMIľ
HPE GLąSTPE GLąSTG¶[ (SWXÜTRI [ XIN OEXIKSVMM YFVERME HSWOSREPI SHTS[MIH^È RE SG^IOM[ERME OEľHIKS VSH^MGE OX¶V^] HPE
H
W[SMGL TSGMIGL []FMIVE SH^MIľ QSHRÈ M NIHRSG^IĝRMI XV[EąÈ















































;;; 0).(- 7/0)4 40 %22% /Û(>-%
YP .SEGLMQE 0IPI[IPE /SW^EPMR
XIP TSRMIH^MEą)/ TMÈXIO [ KSH^ I QEMP ^EQS[MIRMI$PINHM TP



[[[ PINHM TP

7YOMIROE HPE H^MI[G^]ROM [ G^IV[SRI V¶ľI ` WYOMIROM [ ;]NÈXOS[E WYOMIROE H^MI[G^ÜGE ` IPIKERGOMI WYOMIROM HPE H^MI[G^]RIO
WX]PY TMR YT VIXVS WYOMIROM HPE H^MI[G^]RIO 4MÜORE YRMOEXS[E WYOMIROE ^ KMTMYVS[È OSVSROÈ TV^] W^]M HPE H^MI[G^]ROM 7YOMIROE (¶ą V¶[RMIľ SFW^]X] TS

7YOMIROE HPE H^MI[G^]ROM [ G^IV[SRI V¶ľI WX]PM^S[ERE NIWX RE PEXE XI XI FV^IKEGL OSVSROÈ 7YOMIROE RE []NÈXOS[I SOE^NI [IWIPI YVSH^MR] OSQYRMI 7YOMIROE TSWMEHE TMÜORI
7YOMIROE H¶ą VS^OPSW^S[ER] 7YOMIROE WXERS[M V¶[RMIľ OSQTPIX HS WYOMIROM SFW^]GMI OSVSROS[I X[SV^ÈGI HIOSPX FPSWOS W^]M SVE^ OV¶XOM VÜOE[IO 8]ą TMÜORMI TV^IHąY^SR] X[SV^ÈG] PIOOM
WX]P VIXVS ; TEWMI KVEREXS[] TEW ^ TMÜORÈ HYľÈ OSOEVHÈ ^ X]ąY 7YOMIROE []OSRERE ^ OSVSROM XMYPY M TSHW^I[OM
[ WX]PY TMR YT [ G^IV[SRI V¶ľI H^MÜOM G^IQY QEQE M G¶VOE FÜHE X[SV^]Ê ^KVERE TEVÜ
TSH WTSHIQ
'IRE ^ą 'IRE ^ą











7YOMIROE HPE H^MI[G^]ROM [

G^IV[SRI O[MEX] ` WYOMIROM HPE
H^MI[G^]RIO RE PEXS

7YOMIROE HPE H^MI[G^]ROM [ G^IV[SRI V¶ľI
WX]PM^S[ERE NIWX RE PEXE XI XI 7YOMIROE
H¶ą VS^OPSW^S[ER] 7YOMIROE WXERS[M
V¶[RMIľ OSQTPIX HS WYOMIROM [ WX]PY TMR YT
[ G^IV[SRI V¶ľI H^MÜOM G^IQY QEQE M G¶VOE
FÜHE X[SV^]Ê ^KVERE TEVÜ

'IRE ^ą






7YOMIROE HPE H^MI[G^]ROM

[ RMIFMIWOMI O[MEX] ` WYOMIROM
[ WX]PY TMR YT VIXVS WYOMIROM
HPE H^MI[G^]RIO


7YOMIROE HPE H^MI[G^]ROM WX]PM^S[ERE NIWX RE PEXE
XI XI 7YOMIROE NIWX ^HSFMSRE O[MEXEQM RE
GEąSĝGM [ OSPSV^I RMIFMIWOMQ H¶ą VS^OPSW^S[ER] .EWRSV¶ľS[E WYOMIROE ^ TIVIąOEQM HPE H^MI[G^]ROM ` WYOMIROM
7YOMIROE WXERS[M V¶[RMIľ OSQTPIX HS WYOMIROM [ ^ TIVIąOEQM HPE H^MI[G^]ROM
WX]PY TMR YT [ RMIFMIWOMI O[MEX] H^MÜOM G^IQY
QEQE M G¶VOE FÜHE X[SV^]Ê ^KVERE TEVÜ .EWRSV¶ľS[E WYOMIROE HPE H^MI[G^]ROM 7YOMIROE ^HSFMSRE W^XYG^R]QM TIVIąOEQM SVE^
OSVSROS[]Q TEWIQ 7YOMIROE [ HSPRIN G^ÜĝGM []OSRERE ^ SVKER^] K¶VE WEX]RS[E
'IRE ^ą 7YOMIROE ^ TSHW^I[OE ^ETMRERE ^ X]ąY RE ^EQIO (SWOSREPI WTVE[H^M WMÜ NEOS WYOMIROE HPE
H^MI[G^]ROM RE [IWIPI G^] YVSH^MR] M MRRI [EľRI SOE^NI /SPSV NEWR] V¶ľ NEO RE Ką¶[R]Q
^HNÜGMY ^HNÜGME RE QERIOMRMI PIOOS VS^NEĝRMSRI TV^I^ Fą]WO ƚIW^E 79OMIROE TSWMEHE
[EVWX[] XMYPY WEX]RI SVE^ OV]RSPMRÜ YRSW^ÈGE WYOMIROÜ M TSHW^I[OÜ
'IRE ^ą
;;; 0).(- 7/0)4 40 %22% /Û(>-%
YP .SEGLMQE 0IPI[IPE /SW^EPMR
XIP TSRMIH^MEą)/ TMÈXIO [ KSH^ I QEMP ^EQS[MIRMI$PINHM TP [[[ PINHM TP

7YOMIROE HPE H^MI[G^]ROM [ G^IV[SRI V¶ľI ` WYOMIROM [ ;]NÈXOS[E WYOMIROE H^MI[G^ÜGE ` IPIKERGOMI WYOMIROM HPE H^MI[G^]RIO
WX]PY TMR YT VIXVS WYOMIROM HPE H^MI[G^]RIO 4MÜORE YRMOEXS[E WYOMIROE ^ KMTMYVS[È OSVSROÈ TV^] W^]M HPE H^MI[G^]ROM 7YOMIROE (¶ą V¶[RMIľ SFW^]X] TS

7YOMIROE HPE H^MI[G^]ROM [ G^IV[SRI V¶ľI WX]PM^S[ERE NIWX RE PEXE XI XI FV^IKEGL OSVSROÈ 7YOMIROE RE []NÈXOS[I SOE^NI [IWIPI YVSH^MR] OSQYRMI 7YOMIROE TSWMEHE TMÜORI
7YOMIROE H¶ą VS^OPSW^S[ER] 7YOMIROE WXERS[M V¶[RMIľ OSQTPIX HS WYOMIROM SFW^]GMI OSVSROS[I X[SV^ÈGI HIOSPX FPSWOS W^]M SVE^ OV¶XOM VÜOE[IO 8]ą TMÜORMI TV^IHąY^SR] X[SV^ÈG] PIOOM
WX]P VIXVS ; TEWMI KVEREXS[] TEW ^ TMÜORÈ HYľÈ OSOEVHÈ ^ X]ąY 7YOMIROE []OSRERE ^ OSVSROM XMYPY M TSHW^I[OM
[ WX]PY TMR YT [ G^IV[SRI V¶ľI H^MÜOM G^IQY QEQE M G¶VOE FÜHE X[SV^]Ê ^KVERE TEVÜ
TSH WTSHIQ
'IRE ^ą 'IRE ^ą











7YOMIROE HPE H^MI[G^]ROM [

G^IV[SRI O[MEX] ` WYOMIROM HPE
H^MI[G^]RIO RE PEXS

7YOMIROE HPE H^MI[G^]ROM [ G^IV[SRI V¶ľI
WX]PM^S[ERE NIWX RE PEXE XI XI 7YOMIROE
H¶ą VS^OPSW^S[ER] 7YOMIROE WXERS[M
V¶[RMIľ OSQTPIX HS WYOMIROM [ WX]PY TMR YT
[ G^IV[SRI V¶ľI H^MÜOM G^IQY QEQE M G¶VOE
FÜHE X[SV^]Ê ^KVERE TEVÜ

'IRE ^ą






7YOMIROE HPE H^MI[G^]ROM

[ RMIFMIWOMI O[MEX] ` WYOMIROM
[ WX]PY TMR YT VIXVS WYOMIROM
HPE H^MI[G^]RIO


7YOMIROE HPE H^MI[G^]ROM WX]PM^S[ERE NIWX RE PEXE
XI XI 7YOMIROE NIWX ^HSFMSRE O[MEXEQM RE
GEąSĝGM [ OSPSV^I RMIFMIWOMQ H¶ą VS^OPSW^S[ER] .EWRSV¶ľS[E WYOMIROE ^ TIVIąOEQM HPE H^MI[G^]ROM ` WYOMIROM
7YOMIROE WXERS[M V¶[RMIľ OSQTPIX HS WYOMIROM [ ^ TIVIąOEQM HPE H^MI[G^]ROM
WX]PY TMR YT [ RMIFMIWOMI O[MEX] H^MÜOM G^IQY
QEQE M G¶VOE FÜHE X[SV^]Ê ^KVERE TEVÜ .EWRSV¶ľS[E WYOMIROE HPE H^MI[G^]ROM 7YOMIROE ^HSFMSRE W^XYG^R]QM TIVIąOEQM SVE^
OSVSROS[]Q TEWIQ 7YOMIROE [ HSPRIN G^ÜĝGM []OSRERE ^ SVKER^] K¶VE WEX]RS[E
'IRE ^ą 7YOMIROE ^ TSHW^I[OE ^ETMRERE ^ X]ąY RE ^EQIO (SWOSREPI WTVE[H^M WMÜ NEOS WYOMIROE HPE
H^MI[G^]ROM RE [IWIPI G^] YVSH^MR] M MRRI [EľRI SOE^NI /SPSV NEWR] V¶ľ NEO RE Ką¶[R]Q
^HNÜGMY ^HNÜGME RE QERIOMRMI PIOOS VS^NEĝRMSRI TV^I^ Fą]WO ƚIW^E 79OMIROE TSWMEHE
[EVWX[] XMYPY WEX]RI SVE^ OV]RSPMRÜ YRSW^ÈGE WYOMIROÜ M TSHW^I[OÜ
'IRE ^ą
;;; 0).(- 7/0)4 40 %22% /Û(>-%
YP .SEGLMQE 0IPI[IPE /SW^EPMR
XIP TSRMIH^MEą)/ TMÈXIO [ KSH^ I QEMP ^EQS[MIRMI$PINHM TP [[[ PINHM TP

1DJURGÇ GOD QDV VÇ XĕPLHFKQLÛWH WZDU]H QDV]\FK &]\WHOQLNµZ




ˊˬ˗˔˪ˡ˜˖˧˪ˢ ˆʵˀ ˜˦˧ˡ˜˘˝˘ ˢ˗ ʥʣʣʧ ˥ˢ˞˨ʡ

ˀ˔ˠˬ ˣˢˡ˔˗ ʥʣʣ ˧ˬ˧˨·ͅ˪ ˭ ˡ˔˝˥ͅκˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˗˭˜˘˗˭˜ˡʡ ˆ͗ ˧ˢ ˞˦˜͗κ˞˜ ˭˔˥ͅ˪ˡˢ ˗˟˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ʟ ˝˔˞ ˜ ˗˟˔ ˗ˢ˥ˢ˦·ˬ˖˛ ˖˭ˬ˧˘˟ˡ˜˞ͅ˪ʡ

˂˙˘˥˧˔ ˦˞˜˘˥ˢ˪˔ˡ˔ ˗ˢ ˡ˔˝ˠ·ˢ˗˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˝˘˦˧ ˕˔˥˗˭ˢ ˥ͅκˡˢ˥ˢ˗ˡ˔ʡ ˆ˞·˔˗˔˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˡ˜͗ ˭˕˜ˢ˥ˬ ˕˔˝˘˞ʟ ˕˔Νˡ˜ʟ ˟˘˚˘ˡ˗ ˜ ˪˜˘˥˦˭ˬʟ
˔ ˧˔˞κ˘ ˘ˡ˖ˬ˞˟ˢˣ˘˗˜˘ ˜ ˞˦˜͗κ˞˜ ˘˗˨˞˔˖ˬ˝ˡ˘ ˗˟˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ˪ ˪˜˘˞˨ ˣ˥˭˘˗˦˭˞ˢ˟ˡˬˠ ˜ ˪˖˭˘˦ˡˢ˦˭˞ˢ˟ˡˬˠʡ

ʷˢ˥ˢ˦·ˬˠ ˖˭ˬ˧˘˟ˡ˜˞ˢˠ ˣˢ˟˘˖˔ˠˬ ˔˟˕˨ˠˬ ˞˥˔˝ˢ˭ˡ˔˪˖˭˘ ˜ ˧˘ˠ˔˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘ʟ ˣˢ˥˔˗ˡ˜˞˜ ˗ˢ˧ˬ˖˭͗˖˘ ˦˧ˬ˟˨ κˬ˖˜˔ ˜ ˢ˚˥ˢ˗ˡ˜˖˧˪˔ʟ
˞˦˜͗κ˞˜ ˞˨˟˜ˡ˔˥ˡ˘ʟ ˣ˥˭˘˪ˢ˗ˡ˜˞˜ ˧˨˥ˬ˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘ ˢ˥˔˭ ˔˧˟˔˦ˬ ˗˟˔ ˛ˢ˕˕ˬ˦˧ͅ˪ʡ


































































ˊˊˊʡˊˌʷʴˊˁʼʶˇˊ˂ˆʵˀʡ˃ʿ



ˆʵˀʳˊˌʷʴˊˁʼʶˇˊ˂ʠˆʵˀʡ˃ʿ

1DJURGÇ GOD QDV VÇ XĕPLHFKQLÛWH WZDU]H QDV]\FK &]\WHOQLNµZ




ˊˬ˗˔˪ˡ˜˖˧˪ˢ ˆʵˀ ˜˦˧ˡ˜˘˝˘ ˢ˗ ʥʣʣʧ ˥ˢ˞˨ʡ

ˀ˔ˠˬ ˣˢˡ˔˗ ʥʣʣ ˧ˬ˧˨·ͅ˪ ˭ ˡ˔˝˥ͅκˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˗˭˜˘˗˭˜ˡʡ ˆ͗ ˧ˢ ˞˦˜͗κ˞˜ ˭˔˥ͅ˪ˡˢ ˗˟˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ʟ ˝˔˞ ˜ ˗˟˔ ˗ˢ˥ˢ˦·ˬ˖˛ ˖˭ˬ˧˘˟ˡ˜˞ͅ˪ʡ

˂˙˘˥˧˔ ˦˞˜˘˥ˢ˪˔ˡ˔ ˗ˢ ˡ˔˝ˠ·ˢ˗˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˝˘˦˧ ˕˔˥˗˭ˢ ˥ͅκˡˢ˥ˢ˗ˡ˔ʡ ˆ˞·˔˗˔˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˡ˜͗ ˭˕˜ˢ˥ˬ ˕˔˝˘˞ʟ ˕˔Νˡ˜ʟ ˟˘˚˘ˡ˗ ˜ ˪˜˘˥˦˭ˬʟ
˔ ˧˔˞κ˘ ˘ˡ˖ˬ˞˟ˢˣ˘˗˜˘ ˜ ˞˦˜͗κ˞˜ ˘˗˨˞˔˖ˬ˝ˡ˘ ˗˟˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ˪ ˪˜˘˞˨ ˣ˥˭˘˗˦˭˞ˢ˟ˡˬˠ ˜ ˪˖˭˘˦ˡˢ˦˭˞ˢ˟ˡˬˠʡ

ʷˢ˥ˢ˦·ˬˠ ˖˭ˬ˧˘˟ˡ˜˞ˢˠ ˣˢ˟˘˖˔ˠˬ ˔˟˕˨ˠˬ ˞˥˔˝ˢ˭ˡ˔˪˖˭˘ ˜ ˧˘ˠ˔˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘ʟ ˣˢ˥˔˗ˡ˜˞˜ ˗ˢ˧ˬ˖˭͗˖˘ ˦˧ˬ˟˨ κˬ˖˜˔ ˜ ˢ˚˥ˢ˗ˡ˜˖˧˪˔ʟ
˞˦˜͗κ˞˜ ˞˨˟˜ˡ˔˥ˡ˘ʟ ˣ˥˭˘˪ˢ˗ˡ˜˞˜ ˧˨˥ˬ˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘ ˢ˥˔˭ ˔˧˟˔˦ˬ ˗˟˔ ˛ˢ˕˕ˬ˦˧ͅ˪ʡ


































































ˊˊˊʡˊˌʷʴˊˁʼʶˇˊ˂ˆʵˀʡ˃ʿ



ˆʵˀʳˊˌʷʴˊˁʼʶˇˊ˂ʠˆʵˀʡ˃ʿ





5VYQT\QPQ \ TCFQʋEKɁ FNC 6YQLGL TCFQʋEK


> REW^IKS HSVSW]GL TVEKRMIRME YW^G^ʚ˒PM[MIRME (^MIGM SVE^ ^ ^EQMS[ERME HS TV^IHQMSXɹ[ RMIXY^MROS[]GL S SV]KMREPR]Q

HIWMKRMI TS[WXE] REW^I FEWIRMOM
2S[SG^IWRI TEWYNʈGI HS OE˵HIKS [RʚXV^E E ^EVE^IQ HENʈGI (^MIGMSQ QRɹWX[S VEHS˒GM SVE^ HSWOSREPI WX]QYPYNʈGI MGL
VS^[ɹN 7OSQTSRYN W[ɹN []QEV^SR] ^IWXE[ M GMIW^ WMʚ ^ VEHS˒GM 8[SNIKS (^MIGOE SVE^ ^ []NʈXOS[IKS HIWMKRY OXɹV] HPE 2MIKS
WX[SV^]I˒










56914<101 < 4#&1ʊ%+ɀ &.# 691,', 4#&1ʊ%+





1,(32:7$5=$/1< '(6,*1




1$ 5<1.8 2' 52.8





%$6(1< : 5“ĸ1<&+ 2'&,(1,$&+



321$'&=$62:(- 6=$52ę&,






3,ā., : .2/25$&+





52=0,$5< %$6(1“:









[[[ QMRMFI TP
;EPM^OE &IH&S\o NIWX RMI^EWXʈTMSR]Q XS[EV^]W^IQ TSHVɹ˵] HPE H^MIGM 8S FEKE˵
TSHVʚG^R] [EPM^OE HS NE^H] SVE^ ɹ˵OS TSHRɹ˵IO HS WEQSPSXY [ NIHR]Q QMRMFI$QMRMFI TP

5VYQT\QPQ \ TCFQʋEKɁ FNC 6YQLGL TCFQʋEK


> REW^IKS HSVSW]GL TVEKRMIRME YW^G^ʚ˒PM[MIRME (^MIGM SVE^ ^ ^EQMS[ERME HS TV^IHQMSXɹ[ RMIXY^MROS[]GL S SV]KMREPR]Q

HIWMKRMI TS[WXE] REW^I FEWIRMOM
2S[SG^IWRI TEWYNʈGI HS OE˵HIKS [RʚXV^E E ^EVE^IQ HENʈGI (^MIGMSQ QRɹWX[S VEHS˒GM SVE^ HSWOSREPI WX]QYPYNʈGI MGL
VS^[ɹN 7OSQTSRYN W[ɹN []QEV^SR] ^IWXE[ M GMIW^ WMʚ ^ VEHS˒GM 8[SNIKS (^MIGOE SVE^ ^ []NʈXOS[IKS HIWMKRY OXɹV] HPE 2MIKS
WX[SV^]I˒










56914<101 < 4#&1ʊ%+ɀ &.# 691,', 4#&1ʊ%+





1,(32:7$5=$/1< '(6,*1




1$ 5<1.8 2' 52.8





%$6(1< : 5“ĸ1<&+ 2'&,(1,$&+



321$'&=$62:(- 6=$52ę&,






3,ā., : .2/25$&+





52=0,$5< %$6(1“:









[[[ QMRMFI TP
;EPM^OE &IH&S\o NIWX RMI^EWXʈTMSR]Q XS[EV^]W^IQ TSHVɹ˵] HPE H^MIGM 8S FEKE˵
TSHVʚG^R] [EPM^OE HS NE^H] SVE^ ɹ˵OS TSHRɹ˵IO HS WEQSPSXY [ NIHR]Q QMRMFI$QMRMFI TP

=Ýà’ĒĹõîàËî“Ĺ’ĻŇĒËÝö












ʹ˜˥ˠ˔ ˇˈ˃ʼʾ˂ ˣˢ˪˦˧˔·˔ʟ ˔˕ˬ ˗˔˪˔͙ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ˢˠ ˧ˢ ˖ˢ ˡ˔˝˟˘ˣ˦˭˘ ʠ ˢ˚˥ˢˠˡ͗ ˥˔˗ˢΝ͙ ˭ ˭˔˕˔˪ˬʡ

ʽ˘˦˧˘Νˠˬ ˙˜˥ˠ͗ Ϣ˖ͅ˥˞͗ϡ ˢ˥˔˭ ˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡˬˠ ˗ˬ˦˧˥ˬ˕˨˧ˢ˥˘ˠ ˭ˡ˔ˡ˘˝ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ ˕˥˔ˡκˢ˪ˬˠ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘˝ Ϣˍʴʵʴˊʾʴ˅ˆˇˊ˂ ˊˢ˝˖˜˘˖˛
ʵ͗˖˭˘˞ϡʡ ˊ˦ˣͅ·ˣ˥˔˖˨˝˘ˠˬ ˭ ˪·ˢ˦˞˜ˠ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˖˘ˡ˧˘ˠ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ Ϣʴʷ˅ʼʴˇʼʶϡ ˢ˥˔˭ ˖˭˘˦˞͗ ˙˜˥ˠ͗ Ϣʸʹʾ˂ϡ ˡ˔ ˞˧ͅ˥ˬ˖˛ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ˬ ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔ˠˬ
˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡˢΝ͙ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ ˣˢ˟˦˞˜ˠʡ ˁ˔˦˜ ˗ˢ˦˧˔˪˖ˬ ˧ˢ ˥˘ˡˢˠˢ˪˔ˡ˜ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˖˘ˡ˖˜ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˭ˬ ˭ ˣ˘˪ˡˢΝ˖˜͗ ˗ˢ˦˧˔˥˖˭͗ ˡ˔˦˭ˬˠ ˞˟˜˘ˡ˧ˢˠ ˦˔˧ˬ˦˙˔˞˖˝˜
˭ ˭˔˞˨ˣ˨ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ʡ
ˁ˔˦˭˘ ˢ˕˜˘ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˦˞˨ˣ˜˔˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˖˜͗˚·ˬˠ ˗ˢ˦˞ˢˡ˔˟˘ˡ˜˨ ˦˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ͅ˪ʡ ʶ˜͗˚·˘ ˔ˡ˔˟˜˭ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˢ˖˭˘˞˜˪˔Ή ˡ˔˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˡ˔˝˪˔κˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˔˦˭˘ ˢ˕˜˘ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˦˞˨ˣ˜˔˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˖˜͗˚·ˬˠ ˗ˢ˦˞ˢˡ˔˟˘ˡ˜˨ ˦˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ͅ˪ʡ ʶ˜͗˚·˘ ˔ˡ˔˟˜˭ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˢ˖˭˘˞˜˪˔Ή ˡ˔˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˡ˔˝˪˔κˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛
ˁ
˞˟˜˘ˡ˧ͅ˪ ʠ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ʠ ˣ˥ˢ˪˔˗˭˜ ˗ˢ ˡ˜˘˨˦˧˔ˡˡ˘˚ˢ ˨˟˘ˣ˦˭˔ˡ˜˔ ˜ ˣˢ˦˭˘˥˭˔ˡ˜˔ ˔˦ˢ˥˧ˬˠ˘ˡ˧˨ʡ ʷ˭˜ͩ˞˜ ˭˔˦˧ˢ˦ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˨ ˭˔˨˧ˢˠ˔˧ˬ˭ˢ˪˔ˡ˘˝ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖˝˜
ˡ˔˦˭˘ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˖˛˔˥˔˞˧˘˥ˬ˭˨˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞͗ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜͗ʟ ˭˔˖˛ˢ˪˨˝͗˖ ˣ˥˭ˬ ˧ˬˠ ˔˧˥˔˞˖ˬ˝ˡ͗ ˜ ˞ˢˡ˞˨˥˘ˡ˖ˬ˝ˡ͗ ˖˘ˡͩʡ
˃ˢ˦˜˔˗˔ˠˬ ˦˭˘˥ˢ˞˜ ˔˦ˢ˥˧ˬˠ˘ˡ˧ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ ˭ ˣ˟˔˦˧˜˞˨ ˜ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˔ ϛ ˢ˙˘˥˨˝˘ˠˬ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˭˔˥ͅ˪ˡˢ ˡ˔ ˦˘˭ˢˡ ˟˘˧ˡ˜ ˝˔˞
˜ ˭˜ˠˢ˪ˬʡ ˍ˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˧˪ˢ˥˭ˢˡ˘ ˦͗ ˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡ˜˘ ˪ ˢˣ˔˥˖˜˨ ˢ ˔˧˘˦˧ˢ˪˔ˡ˘ ˦˨˥ˢ˪˖˘ ˗ˢˣ˨˦˭˖˭ˢˡ˘ ˗ˢ ˞ˢˡ˧˔˞˧˨ ˭ ˗˭˜˘͙ˠ˜ʡ

ʺ˪˔˥˔ˡ˧˨˝˘ˠˬ ˨Νˠ˜˘˖˛ʟ ˕˘˭˧˥ˢ˦˞͗ ˭˔˕˔˪ͩ ˢ˥˔˭ ˕˘˭ˣ˜˘˖˭˘Ή˦˧˪ˢ ˇ˪ˢ˝˘˝ ˣˢ˖˜˘˖˛ˬʔ

=Ýà’ĒĹõîàËî“Ĺ’ĻŇĒËÝö












ʹ˜˥ˠ˔ ˇˈ˃ʼʾ˂ ˣˢ˪˦˧˔·˔ʟ ˔˕ˬ ˗˔˪˔͙ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ˢˠ ˧ˢ ˖ˢ ˡ˔˝˟˘ˣ˦˭˘ ʠ ˢ˚˥ˢˠˡ͗ ˥˔˗ˢΝ͙ ˭ ˭˔˕˔˪ˬʡ

ʽ˘˦˧˘Νˠˬ ˙˜˥ˠ͗ Ϣ˖ͅ˥˞͗ϡ ˢ˥˔˭ ˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡˬˠ ˗ˬ˦˧˥ˬ˕˨˧ˢ˥˘ˠ ˭ˡ˔ˡ˘˝ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ ˕˥˔ˡκˢ˪ˬˠ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘˝ Ϣˍʴʵʴˊʾʴ˅ˆˇˊ˂ ˊˢ˝˖˜˘˖˛
ʵ͗˖˭˘˞ϡʡ ˊ˦ˣͅ·ˣ˥˔˖˨˝˘ˠˬ ˭ ˪·ˢ˦˞˜ˠ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˖˘ˡ˧˘ˠ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ Ϣʴʷ˅ʼʴˇʼʶϡ ˢ˥˔˭ ˖˭˘˦˞͗ ˙˜˥ˠ͗ Ϣʸʹʾ˂ϡ ˡ˔ ˞˧ͅ˥ˬ˖˛ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ˬ ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔ˠˬ
˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡˢΝ͙ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ ˣˢ˟˦˞˜ˠʡ ˁ˔˦˜ ˗ˢ˦˧˔˪˖ˬ ˧ˢ ˥˘ˡˢˠˢ˪˔ˡ˜ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˖˘ˡ˖˜ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˭ˬ ˭ ˣ˘˪ˡˢΝ˖˜͗ ˗ˢ˦˧˔˥˖˭͗ ˡ˔˦˭ˬˠ ˞˟˜˘ˡ˧ˢˠ ˦˔˧ˬ˦˙˔˞˖˝˜
˭ ˭˔˞˨ˣ˨ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ʡ
ˁ˔˦˭˘ ˢ˕˜˘ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˦˞˨ˣ˜˔˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˖˜͗˚·ˬˠ ˗ˢ˦˞ˢˡ˔˟˘ˡ˜˨ ˦˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ͅ˪ʡ ʶ˜͗˚·˘ ˔ˡ˔˟˜˭ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˢ˖˭˘˞˜˪˔Ή ˡ˔˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˡ˔˝˪˔κˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˔˦˭˘ ˢ˕˜˘ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˦˞˨ˣ˜˔˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˖˜͗˚·ˬˠ ˗ˢ˦˞ˢˡ˔˟˘ˡ˜˨ ˦˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ͅ˪ʡ ʶ˜͗˚·˘ ˔ˡ˔˟˜˭ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˢ˖˭˘˞˜˪˔Ή ˡ˔˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˡ˔˝˪˔κˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛
ˁ
˞˟˜˘ˡ˧ͅ˪ ʠ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ʠ ˣ˥ˢ˪˔˗˭˜ ˗ˢ ˡ˜˘˨˦˧˔ˡˡ˘˚ˢ ˨˟˘ˣ˦˭˔ˡ˜˔ ˜ ˣˢ˦˭˘˥˭˔ˡ˜˔ ˔˦ˢ˥˧ˬˠ˘ˡ˧˨ʡ ʷ˭˜ͩ˞˜ ˭˔˦˧ˢ˦ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˨ ˭˔˨˧ˢˠ˔˧ˬ˭ˢ˪˔ˡ˘˝ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖˝˜
ˡ˔˦˭˘ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˖˛˔˥˔˞˧˘˥ˬ˭˨˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞͗ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜͗ʟ ˭˔˖˛ˢ˪˨˝͗˖ ˣ˥˭ˬ ˧ˬˠ ˔˧˥˔˞˖ˬ˝ˡ͗ ˜ ˞ˢˡ˞˨˥˘ˡ˖ˬ˝ˡ͗ ˖˘ˡͩʡ
˃ˢ˦˜˔˗˔ˠˬ ˦˭˘˥ˢ˞˜ ˔˦ˢ˥˧ˬˠ˘ˡ˧ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ ˭ ˣ˟˔˦˧˜˞˨ ˜ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˔ ϛ ˢ˙˘˥˨˝˘ˠˬ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˭˔˥ͅ˪ˡˢ ˡ˔ ˦˘˭ˢˡ ˟˘˧ˡ˜ ˝˔˞
˜ ˭˜ˠˢ˪ˬʡ ˍ˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˧˪ˢ˥˭ˢˡ˘ ˦͗ ˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡ˜˘ ˪ ˢˣ˔˥˖˜˨ ˢ ˔˧˘˦˧ˢ˪˔ˡ˘ ˦˨˥ˢ˪˖˘ ˗ˢˣ˨˦˭˖˭ˢˡ˘ ˗ˢ ˞ˢˡ˧˔˞˧˨ ˭ ˗˭˜˘͙ˠ˜ʡ

ʺ˪˔˥˔ˡ˧˨˝˘ˠˬ ˨Νˠ˜˘˖˛ʟ ˕˘˭˧˥ˢ˦˞͗ ˭˔˕˔˪ͩ ˢ˥˔˭ ˕˘˭ˣ˜˘˖˭˘Ή˦˧˪ˢ ˇ˪ˢ˝˘˝ ˣˢ˖˜˘˖˛ˬʔ





D‚Þā‚ ĈÚ VC gYJ ·êĄ ˕ ö¬™½ê ½‚æ ā‚·Ã귙 Þ¬¢ ºËÃ×½™ºÞËöüà öü×ËނĄ™Ä¬™Ã
×Úā™•ÞāºË½¬ ¬ ÞāºÌ ö ËÞÂËÄü ¤Úā™·Ä¬ºËö™ɇ َ½™ Ž¬êÚËö™ ¬ Þˏ·‚½Ä™ ‚ 悺Ą™ º‚Ž¬Äü
ނĬæ‚ÚęɌ
VËā‚ ×Ú˕꺏·‰ ËÞÂËÄ ¤Úā™·Ä¬ºËöü© ×ËÞ¬‚•‚Ãü ÚÌöĬ™Ą ā™Þæ‚öü َ½¬ Ù悽Ëöü©
êāêיÂĬ‚·‰ æüà ނÃüà ˣ™Úæ¢ Ë Þā‚£º¬ Þā‚æĬËö™ ¬ Þˏ·‚½Ä™Ɍ

ā¬¢º¬ā¬¢º¬ •Ëßö¬‚•ā™Ä¬ê ·‚º¬™ ×ËÞ¬‚•‚Ãü Ăެ º½¬™Ä¬ öüڂĄ‚·‰ ÞöË·‰ ×Ëāüæüöĉ Ë׬Ĭ¢ ö

öüÞæ‚ö¬‚Äü© Ăà ڙ£™Ú™Ä·‚©Ɍ~‚×™öĬ‚Ãü £‚©Ëö‰ ×Ëڂ•¢ ö öüŽËÚā™
˕×Ëö¬™•Ä¬© ™½™Ã™ÄæÌö ÃËÄæ‚ĄËöü© ·‚º ¬ æڂÄÞ×ËÚæ Ëڂā ÃËÄæ‚Ą Ă æ™Ú™Ä¬™ ‚™¤Ë
ºÚ‚·êɌ



J]BJDy = VY~ ]~;J=. . ]~;KB


~‚Ž™ā׬™ā™Ä¬™ ¤Úā™·Ä¬ºÌö ˎê•Ëö‰ ā ×Âüæü •‚·™ יöÄËߐ ˏ©ÚËÄü ×Úā™• êڂā‚ì ·‚º¬™
ÃËĄ™ öüöË‚ ºËÄ悺æ ā æö‚Ú•üì ¬ ¤Ëډüì ™½™Ã™Äæ‚ì ¤Úā™öāüìɌ

süŽÌÚ öāËÚÌö ·‚º ¬ ºË½ËÚÌö ·™Þæ ÃËĄ½¬öü ā Þā™Ú˺¬™· ׂ½™æü ºæÌڂ ‚Âü ā‚Þ Þ¬¢ ×Ëö¬¢ºÞā‚Ɍ

]י·‚½Ä‚×™·‚½Ä‚ Ë£™Úæ‚ Þ‰ ËÞÂËÄü •½‚ •ā¬™¬ɇ ºæÌڙ ‰ā‰ ā‚Ž‚ö¢ ÚËāö¬·‚·‰‰ ê왷¢æÄËߏ¬
]
ÂÄꂽę ½ꏩ‚ɇ ā Ëā•ËŽÄüà ™½™Ã™Äæ™Ãɇ öāŽË¤‚‚·‰üà ‚Ú‚ÄĄ‚·™ ×Ëì™Þāā™Ä¬‚ ¬
ˤڂĬā‚·‰üà •ËÞæ¢× ĂÞāü© Ă·ÃÂ˕Þāü© •Ë Ĭ™Ž™ā׬™āę¤Ë •½‚ Ĭ© êÚā‰•ā™Ä¬‚Ɍ
sāËÚü މ 悺 ā‚×ÚË·™ºæËö‚Ä™ ‚Žü Ă·ÃÂ˕ެ ā™Úׂ½¬ ā Ĭ© ·‚º Ă·ö¬¢™· ā‚Ž‚öü ¬ ڂ•Ëߏ¬ɇ
‚ ×Úāü æüà ŽüÂü •½‚ Ĭ© ‚ºËö¬¬™ Ž™ā׬™āęɌ Ë öüºËĂĬ‚ ËÞÂËÄ ¤Úā™·Ä¬ºËöü©
ÞæËÞ귙Ãü ×Âüæ¢ C % Ë ¤ÚêŽËߏ¬ ǽǾÃÃɇ öüºËŏāËĉ ½‚º¬™Ú™Ã ‚ºÚü½ËöüÃɇ‚ºËö¬¬™
™ºË½Ë¤¬āÄüà ¬ Ž™ā׬™āÄüà ö ºËÄ悺¬™ ā •ā¬™Ã¬Ɍ

ā¬¢º¬ā¬¢º¬ êĬö™Úނ½Äüà ÃˏËö‚ĬËÃɇ ÃËĄ™ Žü ×Ëö¬™ÞāËĂ Ž™ā×Ëßڙ•Ä¬Ë Ă ¤Úā™·Ä¬º‚©ɇ

×ڂºæüāĬ™ º‚Ą•™¤Ë æü×êɌ CËĄ™Ãü æ™Ą öüºËÐ •½‚ V‚ÅÞæö‚ יÂę ËÞÂËÄü Ă º‚½ËÚü£™Úü
æ·Ɍ ā‚Þ‚Ĭ‚·‰™ ¤Úā™·Ä¬º Ĭ™ æü½ºË ā £ÚËÄæê ‚½™ æ™Ą ā ŽËºê ¬ ˕ ¤ÌÚü ×ËāËÞæ‚ö¬‚·‰ •ËÞæ¢× •Ë
æ™ÚÃËÞæ‚æÌö ¬ ËæöËÚÌö ˕×Ëö¬™æÚā‚·‰ü©Ɍ
~‚×™öĬ‚Ãü £‚©Ëö‰ ×Ëڂ•¢ ö öüŽËÚā™ ˕×Ëö¬™•Ä¬© ™½™Ã™ÄæÌö ÃËÄæ‚ĄËöü© ·‚º
¬ æڂÄÞ×ËÚæ Ëڂā ÃËÄæ‚Ą Ă æ™Ú™Ä¬™ ‚™¤Ë ºÚ‚·êɌ

]ā‚ÄËöĬ V‚ÅÞæöË ā‚×ڂÞā‚Ãü ÚÌöĬ™Ą •Ë ĂÞā™¤Ë Þº½™×ê ¬Äæ™ÚęæËö™¤Ë
öööɌÞº½™×ɬ×άêÚËɌ×½




M M
\ _e
= M ^ f Y öööɌ×άêÚËɌ×½





WM a
[Z `
P [ ` W ê½Ɍ ;Ëߏ¬êÞāº¬ ǽǾȀ ɒǽǿȂ ʹ ȁǼɬȀǿȅ sÚˏ‚ö
Ž¬êÚËʱ×άêÚËɌ×½

™½Ɍ ʐȀȄ ȃǽ ȃǿȁ ǿǾ ǿǾ ʹ ºËÃɌ ȂǼǾ ǿȄǾ ȀȁǾ
æ

D‚Þā‚ ĈÚ VC gYJ ·êĄ ˕ ö¬™½ê ½‚æ ā‚·Ã귙 Þ¬¢ ºËÃ×½™ºÞËöüà öü×ËނĄ™Ä¬™Ã
×Úā™•ÞāºË½¬ ¬ ÞāºÌ ö ËÞÂËÄü ¤Úā™·Ä¬ºËö™ɇ َ½™ Ž¬êÚËö™ ¬ Þˏ·‚½Ä™ ‚ 悺Ą™ º‚Ž¬Äü
ނĬæ‚ÚęɌ
VËā‚ ×Ú˕꺏·‰ ËÞÂËÄ ¤Úā™·Ä¬ºËöü© ×ËÞ¬‚•‚Ãü ÚÌöĬ™Ą ā™Þæ‚öü َ½¬ Ù悽Ëöü©
êāêיÂĬ‚·‰ æüà ނÃüà ˣ™Úæ¢ Ë Þā‚£º¬ Þā‚æĬËö™ ¬ Þˏ·‚½Ä™Ɍ

ā¬¢º¬ā¬¢º¬ •Ëßö¬‚•ā™Ä¬ê ·‚º¬™ ×ËÞ¬‚•‚Ãü Ăެ º½¬™Ä¬ öüڂĄ‚·‰ ÞöË·‰ ×Ëāüæüöĉ Ë׬Ĭ¢ ö

öüÞæ‚ö¬‚Äü© Ăà ڙ£™Ú™Ä·‚©Ɍ~‚×™öĬ‚Ãü £‚©Ëö‰ ×Ëڂ•¢ ö öüŽËÚā™
˕×Ëö¬™•Ä¬© ™½™Ã™ÄæÌö ÃËÄæ‚ĄËöü© ·‚º ¬ æڂÄÞ×ËÚæ Ëڂā ÃËÄæ‚Ą Ă æ™Ú™Ä¬™ ‚™¤Ë
ºÚ‚·êɌ



J]BJDy = VY~ ]~;J=. . ]~;KB


~‚Ž™ā׬™ā™Ä¬™ ¤Úā™·Ä¬ºÌö ˎê•Ëö‰ ā ×Âüæü •‚·™ יöÄËߐ ˏ©ÚËÄü ×Úā™• êڂā‚ì ·‚º¬™
ÃËĄ™ öüöË‚ ºËÄ悺æ ā æö‚Ú•üì ¬ ¤Ëډüì ™½™Ã™Äæ‚ì ¤Úā™öāüìɌ

süŽÌÚ öāËÚÌö ·‚º ¬ ºË½ËÚÌö ·™Þæ ÃËĄ½¬öü ā Þā™Ú˺¬™· ׂ½™æü ºæÌڂ ‚Âü ā‚Þ Þ¬¢ ×Ëö¬¢ºÞā‚Ɍ

]י·‚½Ä‚×™·‚½Ä‚ Ë£™Úæ‚ Þ‰ ËÞÂËÄü •½‚ •ā¬™¬ɇ ºæÌڙ ‰ā‰ ā‚Ž‚ö¢ ÚËāö¬·‚·‰‰ ê왷¢æÄËߏ¬
]
ÂÄꂽę ½ꏩ‚ɇ ā Ëā•ËŽÄüà ™½™Ã™Äæ™Ãɇ öāŽË¤‚‚·‰üà ‚Ú‚ÄĄ‚·™ ×Ëì™Þāā™Ä¬‚ ¬
ˤڂĬā‚·‰üà •ËÞæ¢× ĂÞāü© Ă·ÃÂ˕Þāü© •Ë Ĭ™Ž™ā׬™āę¤Ë •½‚ Ĭ© êÚā‰•ā™Ä¬‚Ɍ
sāËÚü މ 悺 ā‚×ÚË·™ºæËö‚Ä™ ‚Žü Ă·ÃÂ˕ެ ā™Úׂ½¬ ā Ĭ© ·‚º Ă·ö¬¢™· ā‚Ž‚öü ¬ ڂ•Ëߏ¬ɇ
‚ ×Úāü æüà ŽüÂü •½‚ Ĭ© ‚ºËö¬¬™ Ž™ā׬™āęɌ Ë öüºËĂĬ‚ ËÞÂËÄ ¤Úā™·Ä¬ºËöü©
ÞæËÞ귙Ãü ×Âüæ¢ C % Ë ¤ÚêŽËߏ¬ ǽǾÃÃɇ öüºËŏāËĉ ½‚º¬™Ú™Ã ‚ºÚü½ËöüÃɇ‚ºËö¬¬™
™ºË½Ë¤¬āÄüà ¬ Ž™ā׬™āÄüà ö ºËÄ悺¬™ ā •ā¬™Ã¬Ɍ

ā¬¢º¬ā¬¢º¬ êĬö™Úނ½Äüà ÃˏËö‚ĬËÃɇ ÃËĄ™ Žü ×Ëö¬™ÞāËĂ Ž™ā×Ëßڙ•Ä¬Ë Ă ¤Úā™·Ä¬º‚©ɇ

×ڂºæüāĬ™ º‚Ą•™¤Ë æü×êɌ CËĄ™Ãü æ™Ą öüºËÐ •½‚ V‚ÅÞæö‚ יÂę ËÞÂËÄü Ă º‚½ËÚü£™Úü
æ·Ɍ ā‚Þ‚Ĭ‚·‰™ ¤Úā™·Ä¬º Ĭ™ æü½ºË ā £ÚËÄæê ‚½™ æ™Ą ā ŽËºê ¬ ˕ ¤ÌÚü ×ËāËÞæ‚ö¬‚·‰ •ËÞæ¢× •Ë
æ™ÚÃËÞæ‚æÌö ¬ ËæöËÚÌö ˕×Ëö¬™æÚā‚·‰ü©Ɍ
~‚×™öĬ‚Ãü £‚©Ëö‰ ×Ëڂ•¢ ö öüŽËÚā™ ˕×Ëö¬™•Ä¬© ™½™Ã™ÄæÌö ÃËÄæ‚ĄËöü© ·‚º
¬ æڂÄÞ×ËÚæ Ëڂā ÃËÄæ‚Ą Ă æ™Ú™Ä¬™ ‚™¤Ë ºÚ‚·êɌ

]ā‚ÄËöĬ V‚ÅÞæöË ā‚×ڂÞā‚Ãü ÚÌöĬ™Ą •Ë ĂÞā™¤Ë Þº½™×ê ¬Äæ™ÚęæËö™¤Ë
öööɌÞº½™×ɬ×άêÚËɌ×½




M M
\ _e
= M ^ f Y öööɌ×άêÚËɌ×½





WM a
[Z `
P [ ` W ê½Ɍ ;Ëߏ¬êÞāº¬ ǽǾȀ ɒǽǿȂ ʹ ȁǼɬȀǿȅ sÚˏ‚ö
Ž¬êÚËʱ×άêÚËɌ×½

™½Ɍ ʐȀȄ ȃǽ ȃǿȁ ǿǾ ǿǾ ʹ ºËÃɌ ȂǼǾ ǿȄǾ ȀȁǾ
æ

2E REW^IN [MXV]RMI /EVSPOE TP GLGIQ] ^ETVI^IRXS[Eʉ ;EQ RMITS[XEV^EPRI TV^IHQMSX]
OXɸVI W[SMQ SV]KMREPR]Q M RMIXY^MROS[]Q []KPʇHIQ QSKʇ S^HSFMʉ RMINIHRS [RʙXV^I




; WTSWɹF W^G^IKɹPR] MRXIVIWYNIQ] WMʚ TVSNIOXEQM TV^I^REG^SR]QM HPE H^MIGM ;]OSRERI
TV^I^ REW ^EFE[OM PYF IPIQIRX] []WXVSNY TSOSNY H^MIGMʚGIKS [][SYNʈ Y˒QMIGL RE X[EV^EGL
H^MIGM E XEO˵I MGL VSH^MGɹ[

-RWTMVEGNI HS X[SV^IRME RS[]GL GMIOE[]GL TVSNIOXɹ[ G^IVTMIQ] [ OE˵H]Q QMINWGY
M [ OE˵H]Q G^EWMI [MʚG [ TV^]T][MI MRWTMVEGNM RE WXVSRMI TSNE[MEʊ WMʚ FʚHʈ ^HNʚGME RS[]GL
TSQ]Wɹ[ XEO˵I X]GL RMI HS OSʿGE ^[Mʈ^ER]GL ^ H^MIʊQM
>
>ETETVEW^EQ] HS VIKYPEVRIKS SH[MIH^ERME REW^IN WXVSR] MRXIVRIXS[IN E [ TV^]TEHOY
NEOMGLOSP[MIO T]XEʿ TVSWMQ] S OSRXEOX QEMPS[] RE EHVIW OEVSPOE$OEVSPOE TP ; XIR WTSWɹF
QS˵IGMI REQ TSQɹG [ YHSWOSREPIRMY REW^IN SJIVX] SVE^ WXVSR] MRXIVRIXS[IN

















































[[[ OEVSPOE TP



OEVSPOE$OEVSPOE TP

2E REW^IN [MXV]RMI /EVSPOE TP GLGIQ] ^ETVI^IRXS[Eʉ ;EQ RMITS[XEV^EPRI TV^IHQMSX]
OXɸVI W[SMQ SV]KMREPR]Q M RMIXY^MROS[]Q []KPʇHIQ QSKʇ S^HSFMʉ RMINIHRS [RʙXV^I




; WTSWɹF W^G^IKɹPR] MRXIVIWYNIQ] WMʚ TVSNIOXEQM TV^I^REG^SR]QM HPE H^MIGM ;]OSRERI
TV^I^ REW ^EFE[OM PYF IPIQIRX] []WXVSNY TSOSNY H^MIGMʚGIKS [][SYNʈ Y˒QMIGL RE X[EV^EGL
H^MIGM E XEO˵I MGL VSH^MGɹ[

-RWTMVEGNI HS X[SV^IRME RS[]GL GMIOE[]GL TVSNIOXɹ[ G^IVTMIQ] [ OE˵H]Q QMINWGY
M [ OE˵H]Q G^EWMI [MʚG [ TV^]T][MI MRWTMVEGNM RE WXVSRMI TSNE[MEʊ WMʚ FʚHʈ ^HNʚGME RS[]GL
TSQ]Wɹ[ XEO˵I X]GL RMI HS OSʿGE ^[Mʈ^ER]GL ^ H^MIʊQM
>
>ETETVEW^EQ] HS VIKYPEVRIKS SH[MIH^ERME REW^IN WXVSR] MRXIVRIXS[IN E [ TV^]TEHOY
NEOMGLOSP[MIO T]XEʿ TVSWMQ] S OSRXEOX QEMPS[] RE EHVIW OEVSPOE$OEVSPOE TP ; XIR WTSWɹF
QS˵IGMI REQ TSQɹG [ YHSWOSREPIRMY REW^IN SJIVX] SVE^ WXVSR] MRXIVRIXS[IN

















































[[[ OEVSPOE TP



OEVSPOE$OEVSPOE TP





/PSGOS[RME ĂÈG^] [ WSFMI ^EPIX] TPEGY ^EFE[ M GIRXVYQ IHYOEGNM W^G^IK¶PRMI
[ ^EOVIWMI VS^[MNERME OSQTIXIRGNM WTSĂIG^R]GL M [WT¶ĂH^MEĂERME X[¶VG^IKS Q]ęPIRME
TV^IWXV^IRRIKS PSKMOM []SFVEĸRM OSRGIRXVEGNM SVE^ QEĂIN M HYĺIN QSXSV]OM ; ^EFE[MI
OPSGOEQM H^MIGOS HSę[MEHG^E W[SMGL TMIV[W^]GL [ĂEWR]GL WYOGIW¶[ M SWMÈKRMÜÊ

IOWTIV]QIRXYNI TSTIĂRME FĂÜH] TV^] X]Q RMIę[MEHSQMI M RMIYWXERRMI WMÜ YG^ÈG
; /PSGOS[RM HENIQ] H^MIGMSQ HS H]WTS^]GNM OPSGOM YRMOEPR]GL OW^XEĂX¶[ V¶ĺRIN [MIPOSęGM

[MIPSVEOMIN WXVYOXYV] >SWXEĂ] SRI HSFVERI [ XEOM WTSW¶F EF] FE[MÊ WMÜ RMQM TV^I^ HĂYĺW^]
G^EW FI^ ^RYH^IRME [ĂEęGM[MI RMKH] RMI FYHYNÈG XIN WEQIN FYHS[PM H[E VE^]
3JIVXE HPE W^O·ă M TV^IHW^OSPM

7^YOEW^ TSQ]WĂY RE TV^ITVS[EH^IRMI OVIEX][R]GL ^ENÜÊ# 4V^]NHĸ ^ X[SNÈ KVYTÈ OPEWÈ
HS /PSGOS[RM M []OSV^]WXEN REW^I OPSGOM HS WX[SV^IRMI RMITS[XEV^EPR]GL ^ENÜÊ PIOGNM
Ê[MG^IRME QEĂIN QSXSV]OM OSRGIRXVEGNM TSHWXE[ QEXIQEX]OM Ŷ^]OM FMSPSKMM M GLIQMM PSKMOM
OVIEX][R]GL XIGLRMO XIEXVEPR]GL MXT (YĺS ^EPIĺ] SH 'MIFMI G^] H^MIGM TSOSGLENÈ XS G^IKS
YG^]W^ M NEO HEPIN FÜHE WMÜ VS^[MNEÊ 2MI ^QEVRYN XIN W^ERW] 2EW^ TIVWSRIP HSVEH^M 'M OX¶VÈ
WXVIJÜ []FVEÊ M NEO QSĺIW^ STX]QEPRMI ^SVKERM^S[EÊ ^ENÜGME


;EVW^E[E +EPIVME 6IRSZE TMÝXVS 4MSXVO·[ 8V]FYREPWOM +EPIVME *SGYW 1EPP
ZMW E ZMW ,ERIWYWLM TMÜXVS SFSO /MRE ,IPMSW
YP 6IQFMIPMĄWOE YP 7ĂS[EGOMIKS
;EVW^E[E 4MSXVO¶[ 8V]F
XIPIJSR XIPIJSR

I QEMP VIRSZE$OPSGOS[RME GSQ I QEMP TMSXVOS[$OPSGOS[RME GSQ










8IP
[[[ OPSGOS[RME GSQ





FMYVS$OPSGOS[RME GSQ

/PSGOS[RME ĂÈG^] [ WSFMI ^EPIX] TPEGY ^EFE[ M GIRXVYQ IHYOEGNM W^G^IK¶PRMI
[ ^EOVIWMI VS^[MNERME OSQTIXIRGNM WTSĂIG^R]GL M [WT¶ĂH^MEĂERME X[¶VG^IKS Q]ęPIRME
TV^IWXV^IRRIKS PSKMOM []SFVEĸRM OSRGIRXVEGNM SVE^ QEĂIN M HYĺIN QSXSV]OM ; ^EFE[MI
OPSGOEQM H^MIGOS HSę[MEHG^E W[SMGL TMIV[W^]GL [ĂEWR]GL WYOGIW¶[ M SWMÈKRMÜÊ

IOWTIV]QIRXYNI TSTIĂRME FĂÜH] TV^] X]Q RMIę[MEHSQMI M RMIYWXERRMI WMÜ YG^ÈG
; /PSGOS[RM HENIQ] H^MIGMSQ HS H]WTS^]GNM OPSGOM YRMOEPR]GL OW^XEĂX¶[ V¶ĺRIN [MIPOSęGM

[MIPSVEOMIN WXVYOXYV] >SWXEĂ] SRI HSFVERI [ XEOM WTSW¶F EF] FE[MÊ WMÜ RMQM TV^I^ HĂYĺW^]
G^EW FI^ ^RYH^IRME [ĂEęGM[MI RMKH] RMI FYHYNÈG XIN WEQIN FYHS[PM H[E VE^]
3JIVXE HPE W^O·ă M TV^IHW^OSPM

7^YOEW^ TSQ]WĂY RE TV^ITVS[EH^IRMI OVIEX][R]GL ^ENÜÊ# 4V^]NHĸ ^ X[SNÈ KVYTÈ OPEWÈ
HS /PSGOS[RM M []OSV^]WXEN REW^I OPSGOM HS WX[SV^IRMI RMITS[XEV^EPR]GL ^ENÜÊ PIOGNM
Ê[MG^IRME QEĂIN QSXSV]OM OSRGIRXVEGNM TSHWXE[ QEXIQEX]OM Ŷ^]OM FMSPSKMM M GLIQMM PSKMOM
OVIEX][R]GL XIGLRMO XIEXVEPR]GL MXT (YĺS ^EPIĺ] SH 'MIFMI G^] H^MIGM TSOSGLENÈ XS G^IKS
YG^]W^ M NEO HEPIN FÜHE WMÜ VS^[MNEÊ 2MI ^QEVRYN XIN W^ERW] 2EW^ TIVWSRIP HSVEH^M 'M OX¶VÈ
WXVIJÜ []FVEÊ M NEO QSĺIW^ STX]QEPRMI ^SVKERM^S[EÊ ^ENÜGME


;EVW^E[E +EPIVME 6IRSZE TMÝXVS 4MSXVO·[ 8V]FYREPWOM +EPIVME *SGYW 1EPP
ZMW E ZMW ,ERIWYWLM TMÜXVS SFSO /MRE ,IPMSW
YP 6IQFMIPMĄWOE YP 7ĂS[EGOMIKS
;EVW^E[E 4MSXVO¶[ 8V]F
XIPIJSR XIPIJSR

I QEMP VIRSZE$OPSGOS[RME GSQ I QEMP TMSXVOS[$OPSGOS[RME GSQ










8IP
[[[ OPSGOS[RME GSQ





FMYVS$OPSGOS[RME GSQ

3°ñē Ñ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄȤ ÜüèôÄ ñçüôĖÄ»þÛļÑÄȩ



4ÑÄÜüèôÄ ã°÷ĖÄ ñôçÀþÜüē ñç÷Ñ°À°Û· ¼ÄôüēķÜ°ü øôçÀÜèđ ÀēÀ°Üüē¼Ėãē¼Ð Ė°Ýļ°ãē¼Ð Àç þęēüÜþ ÷ĖÜçÝãÄÎçȩ ã°À°ãē ñôĖÄĖ 3ÑãÑ÷üô° ÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ 4°ôçÀçđÄÛ Ñ HñçôüþȮ





B. 4H]



XēÀ°đãѼüđ° HL# . NE8 EL á·¼Ė·¼ üô°Àē¼ēÛãÄ Ñ ãçđç¼ĖÄ÷ãÄ ñçâç¼Ä
ÀēÀ°Üüē¼ĖãÄ Àç đ÷ñÑÄô°ãÑ° Ñããçđ°¼ēÛãē¼Ð Íçôâ Ü÷Ėü°á¼ÄãÑ° çÍÄôþÛÄ ñçã°À Ƶƴƴ
üēüþáèđ ñÝ°ã÷Ė ÄÀþÜ°¼ēÛãē¼Ð Ɏ ø¼ÑÄããē¼Ðȩ çΰüÄ đ üôÄø¼ÑȤ ç»ô°ĖēȤ đēÜôÄ÷ēȤ
÷¼ÐÄâ°üēȤ ½đѼĖÄãÑ° Ñ ÑãÍçôâ°¼ÛÄ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄ ÷· ¼Äããēâ ėôèÀáÄâ đÑÄÀĖē ÀÝ°
þ¼ĖãÑèđ ÷ĖÜèá ñçÀ÷ü°đçđē¼ÐȤ ÎÑâã°ĖÛèđ Ñ ÷ĖÜèá øôÄÀãѼÐȩ




3 BZ H]-8.4




XēÀ°đãѼüđ° HL# . NE8 EL đ ÷đçÛÄÛ çÍÄô¼ÑÄ
ñôçñçãþÛÄ ñçã°À ƽƴ üēüþáèđ â°ñ đ üēâ ÀĖÑ°á ÷ĖÜçÝãē
Ė â°ñ°âÑ ķĖē¼ĖãēâÑȤ ñçÝÑüē¼ĖãēâÑȣ IđÑ°ü°Ȥ þôçñēȤ
ÜçãüēãÄãüèđȤ ñ°ä÷üđ çô°Ė â°ñē ÀÝ° ķôâȣ ÀôçÎçđÄȤ
ÜçÀçđÄȤ çôΰãÑĖ°¼ēÛãÄȤ ñ°ãçô°âѼĖãÄ Ñ ÷°üÄÝÑü°ôãÄȩ




B838 BE] H]-8.4



4çđç¼ĖÄ÷ãÄ ¼ēÍôçđÄ ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ ã°ôĖÌÀĖÑ° Àç ã°þ¼Ė°ãÑ° ÀĖÑÄ¼Ñ đ đÑÄÜþ ñôĖÄÀ÷ĖÜçÝãēâ Ñ ÷ĖÜçÝãēâȤ ñôçÎô°âē
ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄȤ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄ Àç ÎÑÄô Ñ Ė°»°đȤ ÜÝç¼ÜÑ BçÝēÀôçãȤ çô°Ė üô°Àē¼ēÛãÄ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄ ø¼ÑÄããÄ Üçã¼ÄãüôþÛ· ÷ÑÌ ã°
đ÷ĖļÐ÷üôçããēâ ôçĖđçÛþ ç÷ç»çđçø¼Ñ ÀĖÑļܰȩ HüēâþÝþÛ· çãÄ ÝçÎѼĖãÄ âēøÝÄãÑÄȤ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ ÜçâþãÑÜ°¼ēÛãÄȤ
ñç÷üôĖÄΰãÑÄ çôÑÄãü°¼ÛÑ ñôĖÄ÷üôĖÄããÄÛ çô°Ė ôçĖđèÛ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ âçüçôē¼Ėãē¼Ðȩ X÷Ėē÷üÜÑÄ ñçâç¼Ä ÀēÀ°Üüē¼ĖãÄ
ñôçâçđ°ãÑ° ÄÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ Ñ þ¼ĖÄãÑ° ÷ÑÌ ñôĖÄĖ Ė°»°đÌ ÷· ĖÎçÀãÄ Ė ãçôâ°âÑ »ÄĖñÑļĖÄä÷üđ° NãÑÑ þôçñÄÛ÷ÜÑÄÛȩ




48X8I
3°ñ° øđÑ°ü° ÀÝ° ÀĖÑļÑ













HL# . NE8 EL -ôē÷üÑ°ã -çâ°ãÀÄô
8Àôçđ·ę þÝȩ XÑÄÛ÷Ü° Ƶƻ Ȥ ƸƻɎƷƵƺ èô°ęÀęÄ
üÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƻƻ Ƹƺƻƻ ƷƼƼȤ âç»ÑÝȣ ʖƸƼ ƹƴƶ ƹƶƸ ƺƼƽ
đđđȮâ°ñē÷ĖÜçÝãÄȮñÝ

3°ñē Ñ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄȤ ÜüèôÄ ñçüôĖÄ»þÛļÑÄȩ



4ÑÄÜüèôÄ ã°÷ĖÄ ñôçÀþÜüē ñç÷Ñ°À°Û· ¼ÄôüēķÜ°ü øôçÀÜèđ ÀēÀ°Üüē¼Ėãē¼Ð Ė°Ýļ°ãē¼Ð Àç þęēüÜþ ÷ĖÜçÝãÄÎçȩ ã°À°ãē ñôĖÄĖ 3ÑãÑ÷üô° ÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ 4°ôçÀçđÄÛ Ñ HñçôüþȮ





B. 4H]



XēÀ°đãѼüđ° HL# . NE8 EL á·¼Ė·¼ üô°Àē¼ēÛãÄ Ñ ãçđç¼ĖÄ÷ãÄ ñçâç¼Ä
ÀēÀ°Üüē¼ĖãÄ Àç đ÷ñÑÄô°ãÑ° Ñããçđ°¼ēÛãē¼Ð Íçôâ Ü÷Ėü°á¼ÄãÑ° çÍÄôþÛÄ ñçã°À Ƶƴƴ
üēüþáèđ ñÝ°ã÷Ė ÄÀþÜ°¼ēÛãē¼Ð Ɏ ø¼ÑÄããē¼Ðȩ çΰüÄ đ üôÄø¼ÑȤ ç»ô°ĖēȤ đēÜôÄ÷ēȤ
÷¼ÐÄâ°üēȤ ½đѼĖÄãÑ° Ñ ÑãÍçôâ°¼ÛÄ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄ ÷· ¼Äããēâ ėôèÀáÄâ đÑÄÀĖē ÀÝ°
þ¼ĖãÑèđ ÷ĖÜèá ñçÀ÷ü°đçđē¼ÐȤ ÎÑâã°ĖÛèđ Ñ ÷ĖÜèá øôÄÀãѼÐȩ




3 BZ H]-8.4




XēÀ°đãѼüđ° HL# . NE8 EL đ ÷đçÛÄÛ çÍÄô¼ÑÄ
ñôçñçãþÛÄ ñçã°À ƽƴ üēüþáèđ â°ñ đ üēâ ÀĖÑ°á ÷ĖÜçÝãē
Ė â°ñ°âÑ ķĖē¼ĖãēâÑȤ ñçÝÑüē¼ĖãēâÑȣ IđÑ°ü°Ȥ þôçñēȤ
ÜçãüēãÄãüèđȤ ñ°ä÷üđ çô°Ė â°ñē ÀÝ° ķôâȣ ÀôçÎçđÄȤ
ÜçÀçđÄȤ çôΰãÑĖ°¼ēÛãÄȤ ñ°ãçô°âѼĖãÄ Ñ ÷°üÄÝÑü°ôãÄȩ




B838 BE] H]-8.4



4çđç¼ĖÄ÷ãÄ ¼ēÍôçđÄ ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ ã°ôĖÌÀĖÑ° Àç ã°þ¼Ė°ãÑ° ÀĖÑÄ¼Ñ đ đÑÄÜþ ñôĖÄÀ÷ĖÜçÝãēâ Ñ ÷ĖÜçÝãēâȤ ñôçÎô°âē
ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄȤ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄ Àç ÎÑÄô Ñ Ė°»°đȤ ÜÝç¼ÜÑ BçÝēÀôçãȤ çô°Ė üô°Àē¼ēÛãÄ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄ ø¼ÑÄããÄ Üçã¼ÄãüôþÛ· ÷ÑÌ ã°
đ÷ĖļÐ÷üôçããēâ ôçĖđçÛþ ç÷ç»çđçø¼Ñ ÀĖÑļܰȩ HüēâþÝþÛ· çãÄ ÝçÎѼĖãÄ âēøÝÄãÑÄȤ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ ÜçâþãÑÜ°¼ēÛãÄȤ
ñç÷üôĖÄΰãÑÄ çôÑÄãü°¼ÛÑ ñôĖÄ÷üôĖÄããÄÛ çô°Ė ôçĖđèÛ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ âçüçôē¼Ėãē¼Ðȩ X÷Ėē÷üÜÑÄ ñçâç¼Ä ÀēÀ°Üüē¼ĖãÄ
ñôçâçđ°ãÑ° ÄÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ Ñ þ¼ĖÄãÑ° ÷ÑÌ ñôĖÄĖ Ė°»°đÌ ÷· ĖÎçÀãÄ Ė ãçôâ°âÑ »ÄĖñÑļĖÄä÷üđ° NãÑÑ þôçñÄÛ÷ÜÑÄÛȩ




48X8I
3°ñ° øđÑ°ü° ÀÝ° ÀĖÑļÑ













HL# . NE8 EL -ôē÷üÑ°ã -çâ°ãÀÄô
8Àôçđ·ę þÝȩ XÑÄÛ÷Ü° Ƶƻ Ȥ ƸƻɎƷƵƺ èô°ęÀęÄ
üÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƻƻ Ƹƺƻƻ ƷƼƼȤ âç»ÑÝȣ ʖƸƼ ƹƴƶ ƹƶƸ ƺƼƽ
đđđȮâ°ñē÷ĖÜçÝãÄȮñÝ

#4L E -LZX4 BE8 E 3Z N- Z,4



4çđç¼ĖÄ÷ãÄ ¼ēÍôçđÄ ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ ã°ôĖÌÀĖÑ° Àç ã°þ¼Ė°ãÑ° ÀĖÑÄ¼Ñ đ đÑÄÜþ ñôĖÄÀ÷ĖÜçÝãēâ Ñ ÷ĖÜçÝãēâȤ ñôçÎô°âē ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ
Üçã¼ÄãüôþÛ· ÷ÑÌ ã° đ÷ĖļÐ÷üôçããēâ ôçĖđçÛþ ç÷ç»çđçø¼Ñ ÀĖÑļܰȩ HüēâþÝþÛ· çãÄ ÝçÎѼĖãÄ âēøÝÄãÑÄȤ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ ÜçâþãÑÜ°¼ēÛãÄȤ
ñç÷üôĖÄΰãÑÄ çôÑÄãü°¼ÛÑ ñôĖÄ÷üôĖÄããÄÛ çô°Ė ôçĖđèÛ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ âçüçôē¼Ėãē¼Ðȩ X÷Ėē÷üÜÑÄ ñçâç¼Ä ÀēÀ°Üüē¼ĖãÄ ñôçâçđ°ãÑ°
ÄÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ Ñ þ¼ĖÄãÑ° ÷ÑÌ ñôĖÄĖ Ė°»°đÌ ÷· ĖÎçÀãÄ Ė ãçôâ°âÑ »ÄĖñÑļĖÄä÷üđ° NãÑÑ þôçñÄÛ÷ÜÑÄÛȩ




















L .# #4L E -LZX4 ȴ 3N.L#3 #




BçÀ â°ôÜ· HüÑÄÍÄÝ #ãüÄô°¼üÑĐÄ çÍÄôþÛÄâē ÜçâñÝÄÜ÷çđÄ ôçĖđÑ·Ė°ãÑ° ÀÝ° ÷ĖÜèá đÄ đÀô°ę°ãÑþ
ãçđç¼ĖÄ÷ãē¼Ð ÑãüÄô°Üüēđãē¼Ð Íçôâ ã°þ¼Ė°ãÑ° ôÄãçâçđ°ãē¼Ð ñôçÀþ¼Äãüèđȩ
8ÍÄôçđ°ãÄ ü°»ÝÑ¼Ä ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ üç ñçñþÝ°ôãÄ â°ôÜÑ D838 Ñ WL -Ȥ ÜôèüÜççÎãÑ÷ÜçđÄ
ñôçÛÄÜüçôē H 4Z8Ȥ "#L "# Ñ BH84Ȥ W#W#L ȩ 3çãü°ę ü°»ÝѼ ÑãüÄô°Üüēđãē¼Ð Ñ ñôçÛÄÜüçôèđ
çÍÄôþÛÄâē ã° ęē¼ĖÄãÑÄ ÜÝÑÄãü° đ ÷ē÷üÄâÑÄȣ 4 HL 2 Ȥ BE] HNX4Z .N 38 #.4Zȩ

4çđçø½ȫ
















.8 NHZ















HL# . NE8 EL -ôē÷üÑ°ã -çâ°ãÀÄô
8Àôçđ·ę þÝȩ XÑÄÛ÷Ü° Ƶƻ Ȥ ƸƻɎƷƵƺ èô°ęÀęÄ
üÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƻƻ Ƹƺƻƻ ƷƼƼȤ âç»ÑÝȣ ʖƸƼ ƹƴƶ ƹƶƸ ƺƼƽ
đđđȮâ°ñē÷ĖÜçÝãÄȮñÝ

#4L E -LZX4 BE8 E 3Z N- Z,4



4çđç¼ĖÄ÷ãÄ ¼ēÍôçđÄ ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ ã°ôĖÌÀĖÑ° Àç ã°þ¼Ė°ãÑ° ÀĖÑÄ¼Ñ đ đÑÄÜþ ñôĖÄÀ÷ĖÜçÝãēâ Ñ ÷ĖÜçÝãēâȤ ñôçÎô°âē ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ
Üçã¼ÄãüôþÛ· ÷ÑÌ ã° đ÷ĖļÐ÷üôçããēâ ôçĖđçÛþ ç÷ç»çđçø¼Ñ ÀĖÑļܰȩ HüēâþÝþÛ· çãÄ ÝçÎѼĖãÄ âēøÝÄãÑÄȤ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ ÜçâþãÑÜ°¼ēÛãÄȤ
ñç÷üôĖÄΰãÑÄ çôÑÄãü°¼ÛÑ ñôĖÄ÷üôĖÄããÄÛ çô°Ė ôçĖđèÛ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ âçüçôē¼Ėãē¼Ðȩ X÷Ėē÷üÜÑÄ ñçâç¼Ä ÀēÀ°Üüē¼ĖãÄ ñôçâçđ°ãÑ°
ÄÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ Ñ þ¼ĖÄãÑ° ÷ÑÌ ñôĖÄĖ Ė°»°đÌ ÷· ĖÎçÀãÄ Ė ãçôâ°âÑ »ÄĖñÑļĖÄä÷üđ° NãÑÑ þôçñÄÛ÷ÜÑÄÛȩ




















L .# #4L E -LZX4 ȴ 3N.L#3 #




BçÀ â°ôÜ· HüÑÄÍÄÝ #ãüÄô°¼üÑĐÄ çÍÄôþÛÄâē ÜçâñÝÄÜ÷çđÄ ôçĖđÑ·Ė°ãÑ° ÀÝ° ÷ĖÜèá đÄ đÀô°ę°ãÑþ
ãçđç¼ĖÄ÷ãē¼Ð ÑãüÄô°Üüēđãē¼Ð Íçôâ ã°þ¼Ė°ãÑ° ôÄãçâçđ°ãē¼Ð ñôçÀþ¼Äãüèđȩ
8ÍÄôçđ°ãÄ ü°»ÝÑ¼Ä ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ üç ñçñþÝ°ôãÄ â°ôÜÑ D838 Ñ WL -Ȥ ÜôèüÜççÎãÑ÷ÜçđÄ
ñôçÛÄÜüçôē H 4Z8Ȥ "#L "# Ñ BH84Ȥ W#W#L ȩ 3çãü°ę ü°»ÝѼ ÑãüÄô°Üüēđãē¼Ð Ñ ñôçÛÄÜüçôèđ
çÍÄôþÛÄâē ã° ęē¼ĖÄãÑÄ ÜÝÑÄãü° đ ÷ē÷üÄâÑÄȣ 4 HL 2 Ȥ BE] HNX4Z .N 38 #.4Zȩ

4çđçø½ȫ
















.8 NHZ















HL# . NE8 EL -ôē÷üÑ°ã -çâ°ãÀÄô
8Àôçđ·ę þÝȩ XÑÄÛ÷Ü° Ƶƻ Ȥ ƸƻɎƷƵƺ èô°ęÀęÄ
üÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƻƻ Ƹƺƻƻ ƷƼƼȤ âç»ÑÝȣ ʖƸƼ ƹƴƶ ƹƶƸ ƺƼƽ
đđđȮâ°ñē÷ĖÜçÝãÄȮñÝ

8]POS SV]KMREPRI YFVEROE ^ FENIO


7TVE[ EF] 8[SNE TSGMIGLE TSG^YE WMI []NʈXOS[S NY˵ H^M˒







2EN[E˴RMINW^E NIWX GSH^MIRRE VEHSˑʉ 8[SNIKS (^MIGOE




(FENʈG GSH^MIRRMI S 2EW^I 4SGMIGL] GLGIQ] EF] ^E[W^I []KPʈHE] []NʈXOS[S M EF] G^Y] WMʚ []NʈXOS[S (PEXIKS ^ Q]˒Pʈ S RMGL WX[SV^]PM˒Q] WOPIT
[[[ YFMIVENH^MIGOS TP OXɹV] WTVE[ME ˵I ;EW^I H^MIGM FʚHʈ ^E[W^I SV]KMREPRMI M WX]PS[S YFVERI TSTV^I^ W^IVSOM []FɹV PMGIRGNSRS[ERIKS EWSVX]QIRXY
[ REW^]Q WOPITMI 9 REW YFMIV^IW^ W[SNI 4SGMIGL] SH HS VSOY ˵]GME []FMIVENʈG YFVERME ^ YPYFMSR]QM FSLEXIVEQM TVSWXS ^ FENOM

(SOEHEQ] [W^IPOMGL WXEVEʿ EF] ^EQɹ[MIRME F]] VIEPM^S[ERI F]WOE[MG^RMI E SJIVS[ER] XS[EV F] REN[]˵W^IN NEOS˒GM (^MʚOM ^EERKE˵S[ERMY REW^]GL
JEGLS[Gɹ[ OXɹV^] GLʚXRMI YH^MIPENʈ TSVEH ^EOYT] [ REW^]Q WOPITMI MRXIVRIXS[]Q WXENʈ WMʚ G^]WXʈ TV^]NIQRS˒GMʈ


9FVERME OXɹVI 4EʿWX[Y TVSTSRYNIQ] Wʈ SV]KMREPRI SVE^ []Vɹ˵RMENʈ WMʚ YRMOEPR]Q WX]PIQ M NEOS˒GMʈ NEO ^ FENOM H^MʚOM
G^IQY 8[SNI H^MIGOS ^E[W^I FʚH^MI []KPʈHES QSHRMI WX]PS[S E GS REN[E˵RMINW^I []NʈXOS[S .IWXI˒Q] TV^IOSRERM
˵I OE˵H] ^ 4EʿWX[E ^RENH^MI GS˒ HPE W[SNIKS H^MIGOE > REQM [W^]WXOMI 4EʿWX[E TSGMIGL] FʚHʈ []NʈXOS[I


















































7IVHIG^RMI ^ETVEW^EQ] HS 2EW^IKS WOPITY M ˵]G^]Q] YHER]GL ^EOYTɹ[
>IWTɹ 7OPITY [[[ YFMIVENH^MIGOS TP

8]POS SV]KMREPRI YFVEROE ^ FENIO


7TVE[ EF] 8[SNE TSGMIGLE TSG^YE WMI []NʈXOS[S NY˵ H^M˒







2EN[E˴RMINW^E NIWX GSH^MIRRE VEHSˑʉ 8[SNIKS (^MIGOE




(FENʈG GSH^MIRRMI S 2EW^I 4SGMIGL] GLGIQ] EF] ^E[W^I []KPʈHE] []NʈXOS[S M EF] G^Y] WMʚ []NʈXOS[S (PEXIKS ^ Q]˒Pʈ S RMGL WX[SV^]PM˒Q] WOPIT
[[[ YFMIVENH^MIGOS TP OXɹV] WTVE[ME ˵I ;EW^I H^MIGM FʚHʈ ^E[W^I SV]KMREPRMI M WX]PS[S YFVERI TSTV^I^ W^IVSOM []FɹV PMGIRGNSRS[ERIKS EWSVX]QIRXY
[ REW^]Q WOPITMI 9 REW YFMIV^IW^ W[SNI 4SGMIGL] SH HS VSOY ˵]GME []FMIVENʈG YFVERME ^ YPYFMSR]QM FSLEXIVEQM TVSWXS ^ FENOM

(SOEHEQ] [W^IPOMGL WXEVEʿ EF] ^EQɹ[MIRME F]] VIEPM^S[ERI F]WOE[MG^RMI E SJIVS[ER] XS[EV F] REN[]˵W^IN NEOS˒GM (^MʚOM ^EERKE˵S[ERMY REW^]GL
JEGLS[Gɹ[ OXɹV^] GLʚXRMI YH^MIPENʈ TSVEH ^EOYT] [ REW^]Q WOPITMI MRXIVRIXS[]Q WXENʈ WMʚ G^]WXʈ TV^]NIQRS˒GMʈ


9FVERME OXɹVI 4EʿWX[Y TVSTSRYNIQ] Wʈ SV]KMREPRI SVE^ []Vɹ˵RMENʈ WMʚ YRMOEPR]Q WX]PIQ M NEOS˒GMʈ NEO ^ FENOM H^MʚOM
G^IQY 8[SNI H^MIGOS ^E[W^I FʚH^MI []KPʈHES QSHRMI WX]PS[S E GS REN[E˵RMINW^I []NʈXOS[S .IWXI˒Q] TV^IOSRERM
˵I OE˵H] ^ 4EʿWX[E ^RENH^MI GS˒ HPE W[SNIKS H^MIGOE > REQM [W^]WXOMI 4EʿWX[E TSGMIGL] FʚHʈ []NʈXOS[I


















































7IVHIG^RMI ^ETVEW^EQ] HS 2EW^IKS WOPITY M ˵]G^]Q] YHER]GL ^EOYTɹ[
>IWTɹ 7OPITY [[[ YFMIVENH^MIGOS TP

4EXIRX RE WTEGIV ^ H[ɸNOʇ QEPYGLɸ[











































































>%1ɝ; 8)6%> (378%;/ʘ (0% 7;3.)+3 (>-)'/%
GMIW^ WMʚ W[SFSHR]Q M FI^WXVIWS[]Q WTEGIVIQ

4EXIRX RE WTEGIV ^ H[ɸNOʇ QEPYGLɸ[











































































>%1ɝ; 8)6%> (378%;/ʘ (0% 7;3.)+3 (>-)'/%
GMIW^ WMʚ W[SFSHR]Q M FI^WXVIWS[]Q WTEGIVIQ

.IWXIęQ] RMI^EPIĺR]Q FVERHIQ SH^MIĺS[]Q 7XE[MEQ] RE NEOSęÊ QEXIVMEö[
[]OSĄG^IRME M V¶ĺRSVSHRSęÊ [^SV¶[ ;MIV^]Q] TV^] X]Q ĺI HSFVE SH^MIĺ RMI

QYWM F]Ê HVSKE HPEXIKS WXEVEQ] WMÜ YXV^]QEÊ NEO RENPITW^] WXSWYRIO NEOSęGM
HS GIR] 4VSNIOX OSV^]WXE []ĂÈG^RMI ^I ęVSHO¶[ M WYVS[G¶[ HSWXÜTR]GL

[ 4SPWGI E [ W^G^IK¶PRSęGM [SNI[¶H^X[E /YNE[WOS 4SQSVWOMIKS

*VIIWLMSR NIWX EPXIVREX][È HPE ^HSQMRS[ERIKS TV^I^ OSVTSVEGNI

M GLMĄW^G^]^RÜ OVENS[IKS V]ROY SH^MIĺS[IKS

7^]NIQ] []ĂÈG^RMI YRMOEPRI OV¶XOMI WIVMI M G^ÜWXS ^QMIRMEQ] [^SV]

;W^]WXOS TS XS F] REW^E SH^MIĺ TS^SWXEĂE []NÈXOS[E


2EW^I [^SV] M OSPSV]WX]OE RE[MÈ^YNÈ HS RENPITW^]GL XVIRH¶[ QSH]
IYVSTINWOMIN TV^] ^EGLS[ERMY RENPITW^IN NEOSęGM []OSRERME





























>ETVEW^EQ] HS ^EOYT·[ M [WT·ăTVEG]











[[[ JVIIWLMSR TP


FEVXIO$JVIIWLMSR TP

.IWXIęQ] RMI^EPIĺR]Q FVERHIQ SH^MIĺS[]Q 7XE[MEQ] RE NEOSęÊ QEXIVMEö[
[]OSĄG^IRME M V¶ĺRSVSHRSęÊ [^SV¶[ ;MIV^]Q] TV^] X]Q ĺI HSFVE SH^MIĺ RMI

QYWM F]Ê HVSKE HPEXIKS WXEVEQ] WMÜ YXV^]QEÊ NEO RENPITW^] WXSWYRIO NEOSęGM
HS GIR] 4VSNIOX OSV^]WXE []ĂÈG^RMI ^I ęVSHO¶[ M WYVS[G¶[ HSWXÜTR]GL

[ 4SPWGI E [ W^G^IK¶PRSęGM [SNI[¶H^X[E /YNE[WOS 4SQSVWOMIKS

*VIIWLMSR NIWX EPXIVREX][È HPE ^HSQMRS[ERIKS TV^I^ OSVTSVEGNI

M GLMĄW^G^]^RÜ OVENS[IKS V]ROY SH^MIĺS[IKS

7^]NIQ] []ĂÈG^RMI YRMOEPRI OV¶XOMI WIVMI M G^ÜWXS ^QMIRMEQ] [^SV]

;W^]WXOS TS XS F] REW^E SH^MIĺ TS^SWXEĂE []NÈXOS[E


2EW^I [^SV] M OSPSV]WX]OE RE[MÈ^YNÈ HS RENPITW^]GL XVIRH¶[ QSH]
IYVSTINWOMIN TV^] ^EGLS[ERMY RENPITW^IN NEOSęGM []OSRERME





























>ETVEW^EQ] HS ^EOYT·[ M [WT·ăTVEG]











[[[ JVIIWLMSR TP


FEVXIO$JVIIWLMSR TP

'$1,6+ '(6,*1 72<6






388W E üç đÑÄÝçÜôçüãÑÄ ã°Îô°ÀĖ°ãÄȤ đē÷çÜÑÄÛ Û°Üçø¼Ñ ÀôÄđã°ÑãÄ
Ė°»°đÜÑȤ ÜüèôÄ Ė°ñÄđãÑ· ôçĖđèÛ ÄÀþÜ°¼ēÛãē çô°Ė ÷ñçáļĖãēȩ

,Ä÷ü ôèđãÑÄĖ ãÑÄĖ»ÌÀãē đ ôçĖđçÛþ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ
ÜççôÀēã°¼ēÛãçɎâçüçôē¼Ėãēâȩ

3ççĐÄô Ɏ ÷ñļ۰Ýã° ÷ÄôÑ° ȭÜÑãÀÄôΰôüÄãȭ Ɏ
Ė°»°đÜÑ Ė üôĖēÝÄüãÑ· Îđ°ô°ã¼Û· ÀÝ° ñôĖÄÀ÷ĖÜçÝÑ























































BôĖÄÀ÷ü°đѼÑÄÝ÷üđç 388W EL8ZH đ BçÝ÷¼Ä
HɓLE ]Ñâãç¼Ð ÷ñȮÛȮ
þÝȩ Ñ°áç÷üç¼Ü° ƹƴȤ ƵƺɎƴƵƴ X H#.-9X
đđđȮLçÀÝÄôȮñÝȤ ƹƴƵ ƶƵƷ ƷƷƺ

'$1,6+ '(6,*1 72<6






388W E üç đÑÄÝçÜôçüãÑÄ ã°Îô°ÀĖ°ãÄȤ đē÷çÜÑÄÛ Û°Üçø¼Ñ ÀôÄđã°ÑãÄ
Ė°»°đÜÑȤ ÜüèôÄ Ė°ñÄđãÑ· ôçĖđèÛ ÄÀþÜ°¼ēÛãē çô°Ė ÷ñçáļĖãēȩ

,Ä÷ü ôèđãÑÄĖ ãÑÄĖ»ÌÀãē đ ôçĖđçÛþ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ
ÜççôÀēã°¼ēÛãçɎâçüçôē¼Ėãēâȩ

3ççĐÄô Ɏ ÷ñļ۰Ýã° ÷ÄôÑ° ȭÜÑãÀÄôΰôüÄãȭ Ɏ
Ė°»°đÜÑ Ė üôĖēÝÄüãÑ· Îđ°ô°ã¼Û· ÀÝ° ñôĖÄÀ÷ĖÜçÝÑ























































BôĖÄÀ÷ü°đѼÑÄÝ÷üđç 388W EL8ZH đ BçÝ÷¼Ä
HɓLE ]Ñâãç¼Ð ÷ñȮÛȮ
þÝȩ Ñ°áç÷üç¼Ü° ƹƴȤ ƵƺɎƴƵƴ X H#.-9X
đđđȮLçÀÝÄôȮñÝȤ ƹƴƵ ƶƵƷ ƷƷƺ