The words you are searching are inside this book. To get more targeted content, please make full-text search by clicking here.
Discover the best professional documents and content resources in AnyFlip Document Base.
Search
Published by B&R, 2018-07-03 06:53:33

MP Guidon

VɌ+ɌgɌ ɏJY]J=y ɏ

JĈ·‚½Äü •üÞæÚüŽêæËÚ Ä‚ V˽޺¢ ā‚Ž‚ö™ºɆ


































































öööɌËÚÞ˽ü‚ǾȀɌ×½


g½Ɍ s¬½ÞËĂ ǿǼ ʹ ȀǾɬǾǼǾ ā¢Þæˏ©Ëö‚ ʹ c™½Ɍ ǿȀ ǿǿǿ ǼǼǼ ȃ ʹ &]CɆ ȂǼǿ ȁȅǼ ȅȃȀ

VɌ+ɌgɌ ɏJY]J=y ɏ

JĈ·‚½Äü •üÞæÚüŽêæËÚ Ä‚ V˽޺¢ ā‚Ž‚ö™ºɆ

























VɌ+ɌgɌ ɵJÚÞ˽ü‚ɷ ·™Þæ öü‰āÄüà •üÞæÚüŽêæËڙà £Ú‚ÄêÞº¬© ÂڙºɆ ·™Ëɇ CËê½¬Ä YËæüɇ ¬JcJ J ¬
VË×׬ºɌ

VÚ˕êºæü £Ú‚ďêÞº¬™· ĈÚÃü 9 J ö ĂÞā™· Ë£™Ú¬™ ¬™Þā‰ Þ¬¢ •êĄ‰ ×Ë×꽂ÚÄËߏ¬‰Ɍ %¬Ú ·™Ë
¬ÞæĬ™·™ ˕ ǽȅȁȀɇ ‚ ˕ ǽȅȅȁ Ú˺ê ÚËāö¬·‚ Þ×Ì·Äü ¬ ºËÃ×½™ºÞËöü āŽ¬ÌÚ ×¬¢ºÄ¬™ ā‚×ÚË·™ºæËö‚Äü© ¬
ËÚü¤¬Ä‚½Äü© ā‚Ž‚ö™ºɌ ;˽™º·‚ ˎ™·Ã귙 ˺Ɍ ǿǼǼǼ ×Ú˕êºæÌö ÃɌ¬ÄɌ ā™Þæ‚öü ‚ÚæüÞæüāęɇ ×êāā½™ɇ
¤Úüɇ ā‚Ž‚öº¬ ™•êº‚ü·Ä™ɇ ‚ÚæɌ •™ºËڂü·Ä™Ɍ

sÞāüÞ溬™ öüºËĂę މ Þæ‚Ú‚ÄĬ™ ā Ž™ā׬™āÄü© ¬ ™ºË½Ë¤¬āÄü© Âæ™Ú¬‚ÂÌöɌ
~‚Ž‚Ž‚öº¬ 9 J æË Ä‚·½™×Þā‚ ×ÚË×Ëāü·‚ •½‚ •ā¬™¬ ö ×Úā™•ā¬‚½™ ö¬™ºê ˕ ǿ ì™Þ¬¢ü •Ë ǽȁ ½‚æ ɬ
~
öÞ׬™Ú‚·‰ •ā¬™ºË ö ÚËāö¬·‚Ĭê öüˎڂĂĬɇ ºÚ™‚æüöÄËߏ¬ ¬ ×ˏāꏬ‚ ™Þæ™æüº¬ɇ •‚·‰ ×ڂö•ā¬ö‰ ڂ•Ëߐ
ā ā‚Ž‚öüɌ
%ڂďêÞº‚ ĈÚ CJg=.D YJcy ¬ÞæĬ™·™ ˕ ǽȅȃǾ ÚɌ ɬ sü·‰æºËö‚ ºË½™º·‚ ā‚Ž‚ö™º ×Úāüöڂ‚·‰‚
æڂ•ü·¢ ¬ öÞ×ËÃĬ™Ä¬™ öāËÚĬæö‚ ā ×ˏā‰æºÌö xx ö¬™ºêɇ ɏ~‚Ž‚öº¬ ā •‚öÄü© ½‚æ •½‚ •ā¬Þ¬™·Þāü©
•ā¬™¬ɏɌ ;˽™º·‚ ˎ™·Ã귙 ˺Ɍ ȂǼǼ ×Ëāü·¬ ā öü×ËނĄ™Ä¬‚ ×˺ˬ •ā¬™¬¢ü©ɇ ‚ÚæɌ •™ºËڂü·Äü© ¬
ā‚Ž‚ö™º ™•êº‚ü·ÄËɬÚËāöË·Ëöü© ˕ Ǽ •Ë Ȁ ½‚æɌ süºËĂę öü‰āĬ™ ā •Ú™öĂ ¬ Ăæêڂ½Äü©
Âæ™Ú¬‚ÂÌöɌ D¬™×Ëöæ‚Úā‚½Äü º½¬Ã‚æ 晷 ºË½™º·¬ ā‚©¢‚ ĂÞāü© º½¬™ÄæÌö •Ë öāŽË¤‚‚Ĭ‚ Ë£™Úæü
ö Þöˬ© Þº½™×‚© Ë ā‚Ž‚öº¬ CËê½¬Ä YËæüɌ

%
%¬Ú¬Ú ¬JcJ J ¬ÞæĬ™·™ ˕ ǽȅȃȅ Ú˺êɌ 9™Þæ ×Ú˕ꏙÄæ™Ã ¤¬™Ú ¬ 悎½¬ ¤ęæüāÄü©Ɍ &Úü
¤ęæüāę ¬JcJ J މ êö¬™Åā™Ä¬™Ã Ǿȁ ½™æĬ™¤Ë •Ëßö¬‚•ā™Ä¬‚ ¬ êºËÚËÄËö‚Ĭ™Ã āĂº¬™Ã
·‚ºËߏ¬ Xꂽ¬×™ÃɌ ¬JcJ J Ë£™Ú귙 Þā™Ú˺‰ ¤‚â ɚC &D c. = D ɇ .JcJ Jɇ CJ] ɹ9 gxɇ =ɹ YcɌ
D 9 gxɛ ×Ú˕êºæÌöɇ Žü ˕×Ëö¬™•ā¬™ Ă ×ËæÚā™Žü º‚Ą•™¤Ë º½¬™Äæ‚Ɍ
%¬Ú VË×׬º āËÞæ‚‚ ā‚ÂËĄËĂ ö ǾǼǽȂ ÚɌ VË×׬º æË ×¬ºÞ™½Ëö™ ×½‚º‚æü •Ë öüº½™·‚Ĭ‚Ɍ VÚā™•Þæ‚ö¬‚·‰ öööɌËÚÞ˽ü‚ǾȀɌ×½
ˎڂāü ā ºË½™º·¬Ɇ ßö¬‚æËö™ ‚ڏü•ā¬™Â‚ɇ ׬û™½ ‚Úæɇ ‚Úæü ¬ ׂÄËڂÂɌ c™ ËÚü¤¬Ä‚½Ä™ öüº½™·‚ĺ¬ Þ×ڂö¬‚·‰
•êĄË ڂ•Ëߏ¬ Ëڂā ނæüÞ£‚º·¬ɇ ‚ ¤ËæËöü ×½‚º‚æ ÃˡĂ Ë×ڂö¬ ¬ ꕙºËÚËö‚ Ĭà ×˺̷ •ā¬™º‚Ɍ g½Ɍ s¬½ÞËĂ ǿǼ ʹ ȀǾɬǾǼǾ ā¢Þæˏ©Ëö‚ ʹ c™½Ɍ ǿȀ ǿǿǿ ǼǼǼ ȃ ʹ &]CɆ ȂǼǿ ȁȅǼ ȅȃȀ

VɌ+ɌgɌ ɏJY]J=y ɏ

JĈ·‚½Äü •üÞæÚüŽêæËÚ Ä‚ V˽޺¢ ā‚Ž‚ö™ºɆ

























VɌ+ɌgɌ ɵJÚÞ˽ü‚ɷ ·™Þæ öü‰āÄüà •üÞæÚüŽêæËڙà £Ú‚ÄêÞº¬© ÂڙºɆ ·™Ëɇ CËê½¬Ä YËæüɇ ¬JcJ J ¬
VË×׬ºɌ

VÚ˕êºæü £Ú‚ďêÞº¬™· ĈÚÃü 9 J ö ĂÞā™· Ë£™Ú¬™ ¬™Þā‰ Þ¬¢ •êĄ‰ ×Ë×꽂ÚÄËߏ¬‰Ɍ %¬Ú ·™Ë
¬ÞæĬ™·™ ˕ ǽȅȁȀɇ ‚ ˕ ǽȅȅȁ Ú˺ê ÚËāö¬·‚ Þ×Ì·Äü ¬ ºËÃ×½™ºÞËöü āŽ¬ÌÚ ×¬¢ºÄ¬™ ā‚×ÚË·™ºæËö‚Äü© ¬
ËÚü¤¬Ä‚½Äü© ā‚Ž‚ö™ºɌ ;˽™º·‚ ˎ™·Ã귙 ˺Ɍ ǿǼǼǼ ×Ú˕êºæÌö ÃɌ¬ÄɌ ā™Þæ‚öü ‚ÚæüÞæüāęɇ ×êāā½™ɇ
¤Úüɇ ā‚Ž‚öº¬ ™•êº‚ü·Ä™ɇ ‚ÚæɌ •™ºËڂü·Ä™Ɍ

sÞāüÞ溬™ öüºËĂę މ Þæ‚Ú‚ÄĬ™ ā Ž™ā׬™āÄü© ¬ ™ºË½Ë¤¬āÄü© Âæ™Ú¬‚ÂÌöɌ
~‚Ž‚Ž‚öº¬ 9 J æË Ä‚·½™×Þā‚ ×ÚË×Ëāü·‚ •½‚ •ā¬™¬ ö ×Úā™•ā¬‚½™ ö¬™ºê ˕ ǿ ì™Þ¬¢ü •Ë ǽȁ ½‚æ ɬ
~
öÞ׬™Ú‚·‰ •ā¬™ºË ö ÚËāö¬·‚Ĭê öüˎڂĂĬɇ ºÚ™‚æüöÄËߏ¬ ¬ ×ˏāꏬ‚ ™Þæ™æüº¬ɇ •‚·‰ ×ڂö•ā¬ö‰ ڂ•Ëߐ
ā ā‚Ž‚öüɌ
%ڂďêÞº‚ ĈÚ CJg=.D YJcy ¬ÞæĬ™·™ ˕ ǽȅȃǾ ÚɌ ɬ sü·‰æºËö‚ ºË½™º·‚ ā‚Ž‚ö™º ×Úāüöڂ‚·‰‚
æڂ•ü·¢ ¬ öÞ×ËÃĬ™Ä¬™ öāËÚĬæö‚ ā ×ˏā‰æºÌö xx ö¬™ºêɇ ɏ~‚Ž‚öº¬ ā •‚öÄü© ½‚æ •½‚ •ā¬Þ¬™·Þāü©
•ā¬™¬ɏɌ ;˽™º·‚ ˎ™·Ã귙 ˺Ɍ ȂǼǼ ×Ëāü·¬ ā öü×ËނĄ™Ä¬‚ ×˺ˬ •ā¬™¬¢ü©ɇ ‚ÚæɌ •™ºËڂü·Äü© ¬
ā‚Ž‚ö™º ™•êº‚ü·ÄËɬÚËāöË·Ëöü© ˕ Ǽ •Ë Ȁ ½‚æɌ süºËĂę öü‰āĬ™ ā •Ú™öĂ ¬ Ăæêڂ½Äü©
Âæ™Ú¬‚ÂÌöɌ D¬™×Ëöæ‚Úā‚½Äü º½¬Ã‚æ 晷 ºË½™º·¬ ā‚©¢‚ ĂÞāü© º½¬™ÄæÌö •Ë öāŽË¤‚‚Ĭ‚ Ë£™Úæü
ö Þöˬ© Þº½™×‚© Ë ā‚Ž‚öº¬ CËê½¬Ä YËæüɌ

%
%¬Ú¬Ú ¬JcJ J ¬ÞæĬ™·™ ˕ ǽȅȃȅ Ú˺êɌ 9™Þæ ×Ú˕ꏙÄæ™Ã ¤¬™Ú ¬ 悎½¬ ¤ęæüāÄü©Ɍ &Úü
¤ęæüāę ¬JcJ J މ êö¬™Åā™Ä¬™Ã Ǿȁ ½™æĬ™¤Ë •Ëßö¬‚•ā™Ä¬‚ ¬ êºËÚËÄËö‚Ĭ™Ã āĂº¬™Ã
·‚ºËߏ¬ Xꂽ¬×™ÃɌ ¬JcJ J Ë£™Ú귙 Þā™Ú˺‰ ¤‚â ɚC &D c. = D ɇ .JcJ Jɇ CJ] ɹ9 gxɇ =ɹ YcɌ
D 9 gxɛ ×Ú˕êºæÌöɇ Žü ˕×Ëö¬™•ā¬™ Ă ×ËæÚā™Žü º‚Ą•™¤Ë º½¬™Äæ‚Ɍ
%¬Ú VË×׬º āËÞæ‚‚ ā‚ÂËĄËĂ ö ǾǼǽȂ ÚɌ VË×׬º æË ×¬ºÞ™½Ëö™ ×½‚º‚æü •Ë öüº½™·‚Ĭ‚Ɍ VÚā™•Þæ‚ö¬‚·‰ öööɌËÚÞ˽ü‚ǾȀɌ×½
ˎڂāü ā ºË½™º·¬Ɇ ßö¬‚æËö™ ‚ڏü•ā¬™Â‚ɇ ׬û™½ ‚Úæɇ ‚Úæü ¬ ׂÄËڂÂɌ c™ ËÚü¤¬Ä‚½Ä™ öüº½™·‚ĺ¬ Þ×ڂö¬‚·‰
•êĄË ڂ•Ëߏ¬ Ëڂā ނæüÞ£‚º·¬ɇ ‚ ¤ËæËöü ×½‚º‚æ ÃˡĂ Ë×ڂö¬ ¬ ꕙºËÚËö‚ Ĭà ×˺̷ •ā¬™º‚Ɍ g½Ɍ s¬½ÞËĂ ǿǼ ʹ ȀǾɬǾǼǾ ā¢Þæˏ©Ëö‚ ʹ c™½Ɍ ǿȀ ǿǿǿ ǼǼǼ ȃ ʹ &]CɆ ȂǼǿ ȁȅǼ ȅȃȀ

*U\ L ĀDPLJĀµZNL 'OD PĀRGV]\FK L VWDUV]\FK 3$1 7:$5'2:6.,

1DMOHSV]H SRP\VĀ\ QD VSÛG]DQLH F]DVX s º‚ڏāì™ Yāüà ×Ë·‚ö¬Â Þ¬¢ ö‚ßĬ™ V‚Ä cö‚Ú•ËöÞº¬Ɍ

Z URG]LQQ\P JURQLH 9‚º‰ ×ËÞ悐 æüà ڂā™Ã ×ÚāüŽÚ‚ āĂÄü ā‚Ú˕ā¬™·Ɇ Þā½‚©¬‚ ā Žê·Ä‰ ŽÚ˕‰
āü ÃËĄ™ •êÃę¤Ë ׂĂ ā £‚·º‰ɍ ]×Ú̎귏¬™ ā‚ׂ cö‚Ú•ËöÞº¬™¤Ëɇ ‚½™
êö‚Ą‚·¬™Ɇ Ă·ÞÂüÄĬ™·Þāü ¤ Ž¢•ā¬™ ×Ú̎Ëö‚ öüö¬™ß s‚Þ ö ×˽™ɉ
&ڂÄÄ¢ ā‚ÂËĄü½¬ßÃü ö ǽȅȅǽ Ú˺êɌ sÞāüÞ溬™ ×Úā™•Ã¬Ëæü ×Úāü×ËìĂÂü öÌöā‚Þ ºê½æËö™
•ā¬Þ¬‚· ¬ºËÄü VY=ɬêɌ üÂü Žêڙɇ Äê•Ä™ ¬ Žü½™ ·‚º¬™Ɍ ©¬™½¬ßÃü ×Ú˕êºËö‚ ¤Úü ¬ ā‚Ž‚öº¬ ‚•Ä™ɇ ODW RV PLQ
ޙÄÞËöĬ™ ×ËÃüß½‚Ä™ ¬ •ËŽÚā™ öüºËĂę ɬ 悺¬™ ·‚º¬© Þā꺂½¬ßÃü •½‚ ĂÞāü© •ā¬™¬Ɍ
c™· ×ËÞæ‚ö¬™ ·™Þæ™ßÃü ö¬™ÚĬ •Ë •ā¬Þ¬‚·Ɍ

D‚Þ‚Þāüà ×Úā™ŽË·™Ãɇ ©¬æ™Ãɇ ā ºæÌÚüà Ĭ™ ÃËĄ™ Þ¬¢ ÚÌöÐ Ĭ ¬Äę¤Ë ·™Þæ ]êיڣ‚ÚÃ™Ú ɬ ¤Ú‚
D
ā‚×ÚË·™ºæËö‚Ä‚ ö ā‚Þ¬™ .. öË·Äü ßö¬‚æËö™· ×Úā™ā ×ÚË£Ɍ ;‚Ú˽‚ ËÚÞ꺂 ɚöÌöā‚Þ ×˕ Ăāö‰ 6=.2ÿ$ 0$*•:
+˕Ëö½‚ ~ö¬™Úā‰æ™ºɛɌ ËÚËÞÂË ×¬™ÚöÞā™ ×˺˽™Ä¬™ öü©Ëö‚Ä™ Ă ]êיڣ‚ÚÙÚā™ɇ ºê×귉 &ڂā™ ö¬™½‚·‰ Þ¬¢ ö êāĬÌö ö ]āºË¢ C‚¤ÌöɌ ~Ž½¬Ą‚ Þ¬¢ ö¬™½º¬ æêÚĬ™·
•ā¬Þ¬‚· æ¢ ¤Ú¢ •½‚ Þöˬ© •ā¬™¬Ɍ ā‚º½¢Ɍ V˕ā‚Þ ¤¬āę¤Ë ×Ë·™•üÄºê ½¬āü Þ¬¢ Ž¢•ā¬™ ڙĉ™ºÞɇ ÞāüŽºËߐ
ÚāꏂĬ‚ ā‚ÚÌö ¬ ê왷¢æę öüāꏬ™ ā‚ÞêɌ ]āºË‚ C‚¤Ìö æË öü·‰æºËö‚
]×ÚËö‚•ā‚Ãü æ™Ą •Ë V˽޺¬ êºÂ‚•‚ĺ¬ Ž™½¤¬·Þº¬™· ĈÚÃü ]ÂÚæ &‚Ã™Þ ɬ ¤™Ä¬‚½Ä™ ‚ì¤ÂÌöº¬ ¤Ú‚ ºËߏ¬‚Ä‚ɇ ö ºæÌڙ· ×Ë·™•üęº ×Ë좕āü ¤Ú‚ā‚ì æˏāü Þ¬¢ ö ā‚Þ¬™
Ë ÚÌĄÄü© ×Ëā¬Ë© æÚê•ÄËߏ¬ ɬ āĂºËìæ™ɇ ·™•üę ö Þöˬà Ú˕ā‚·ê ö¬ā™Ä¬‚ ½Ë¤¬āę Úā™āüö¬ÞæüÃɌ JׂÄê· Þā™ß Ąüö¬ËÂÌö ¬ āËÞæ‚Å Ă·×Ëæ¢ĄÄ¬™·ÞāüÃ
悺 •½‚ •ā¬™¬ɇ ·‚º ¬ •½‚ •ËÚËÞÂü© ā‚Ú˕ā¬™·™Ã ·‚º¬™¤Ë ö¬•ā¬‚ ßö¬‚æɉ
D
D‚Þ‚Þā™ ×Ú˕êºæü ËæÚāüÂÂü ö¬™½™ äÚ̕ ¬ öüÚÌĄÄ¬™Åɇ ‚ āĂę މ ·êĄ Ĭ™ æü½ºË ö V˽™ɇ ‚½™
Ă ‚Âüà ßö¬™¬™ɇ ˕ 9‚×ËĬ¬ ×Ë .āڂ™½ɇ g] ¬ êÞæڂ½¬¢Ɍ ODW RV PLQ


%$7<6.$)
5(.,1
‚· Þ¬¢ ×ËÚö‚ ×˕ö˕ę· ×Úāü¤Ë•ā¬™ɉ V˕ÚÌĄê· ā Ăì Ž‚æüÞº‚£™Ã
cöˬà ™½™Ã ·™Þæ ×ËÃ̏ ÂÂüà ÚüŽºËà êúĉ āÂüà ¬ ×ÞæÚüº‚· ā•·¢¬‚ Ă·¬™º‚öÞāüà āö¬™Úā‚ºËÃɉ 9™ß½¬ ā‚Úüāüºê·™Þā ¬ ā™·•ā¬™Þā
•Ú‚׬™ĄÄ¬ºËÃɌ sü¤Úüö‚Þāɇ ·™ß½¬ ·‚ºË ׬™ÚöÞāü •ËæÚā™Þā ·™•Ä‰ ¤Â¢ŽËºË ×˕ ö˕¢ɇ ·™Þæ Þā‚Äނɇ Ą™ ꏩöü¬Þā Ĭ™āöüº½™ Úā‚•º¬™
ā™ Þöˬ© ÚüŽ™º Ă ڂ£¢ ½êŽ ·‚ºË ·™•üÄü ×ËāËÞæ‚Ĭ™Þā ö ¤Úā™Ɍ ¬ £‚ޏüÄ귉™ ˺‚āüɌ c™Ä ā s‚Þɇ ºæË ÞæöËÚāü Ă·½™×Þā‰ ºË½™º·¢ £ËæˤڂĈ¬
V¬¢ºÄ™ ¤Ú‚Ĉº¬ ×Úāü¬‰¤Ä‰ •Ë ÞæËÂê ¤Ú‚āü ö º‚Ą•üà ö¬™ºê ¬ ā•ËŽ¢•ā¬™ Ă·ö¬¢™· יڙÂɇ öü¤Ú‚ ÚËā¤Úüöº¢Ɍ
¬ ×Ëāö˽‰ s‚Ã Ă ÃËÙÄæ ×Úā™Ä¬™ß Þ¬¢ •Ë Ĭ™Þ‚ÃËö¬æ™· &ڂ êāü •ËŽÚ™¤Ë ×½‚ÄËö‚Ĭ‚ ¬ ö¬āü ê왷¢æÄËߐ Þā‚Ëö‚Ĭ‚ Úüāüº‚Ɍ
×˕ö˕ę· ºÚ‚¬ÄüɌ
ODW RV PLQ
ODW RV PLQ



:<63$ 602.•:
&ڂā™ ×ˤ‚·‰ Þˎ¬™ Ăöā‚·™Ãɇ ڂā™Ã •‰Ą‰ •Ë ËÞ¬‰¤Ä¬¢¬‚
,0,21., ™½êɌ &ڂ êāü öÞ×Ì•ā¬‚‚Ĭ‚ɇ ºÞā悏¬ ê왷¢æÄËߐ
¬™•Ä™ .C.JD;.ɉ ×˕™·ÃËö‚Ĭ‚ •™üā·¬ ¬ ˏ™Äü ¬© ºËÄޙºö™Ä·¬Ɍ

~êיÂĬ™ ā‚×ËÃĬ‚Âüɇ ·‚º Þ¬¢ Ăāüö‚·‰Ɍ VËÃÌĄ ¬Ãɇ öüÃüß½‚·‰ •½‚ Ĭ©
ÄËö™ ×ޙê•ËĬÃüɌ ODW RV PLQ
&ÚË•º‚ ā‚Ž‚öÄü© ÞæöËÚºÌö ½¬āü Ă cöË·‰ öüˎڂĂĬ¢ɉ
.C.JD;. æË ºÚ™‚æüöĂ ¤Ú‚ º‚ڏ¬‚Ä‚ •½‚ ÂÂü© ¬ •êĄü©Ɍ

^ö¬™æĬ™ Þ×ڂö•ā¬ Þ¬¢ ö Ú˕ā¬ÄÄüà ¤ÚËĬ™ɇ ö ×˕ÚÌĄüɇ ‚ 悺Ą™ Ă ×Úāü·¢¬êɌ &ڂÄĂ ]×Ɍ ā ËɌËɌ

ODW RV PLQ ZZZ JUDQQD SO ê½Ɍ ;Þ¬¢¬‚ ~¬™ÃËö¬æ‚ Ȁȃɇ
Þº½™×ʱ¤Ú‚ÄĂɌ×½ ǼǿɬȃȄȄ s‚ÚÞā‚ö‚

*U\ L ĀDPLJĀµZNL 'OD PĀRGV]\FK L VWDUV]\FK 3$1 7:$5'2:6.,

1DMOHSV]H SRP\VĀ\ QD VSÛG]DQLH F]DVX s º‚ڏāì™ Yāüà ×Ë·‚ö¬Â Þ¬¢ ö‚ßĬ™ V‚Ä cö‚Ú•ËöÞº¬Ɍ

Z URG]LQQ\P JURQLH 9‚º‰ ×ËÞ悐 æüà ڂā™Ã ×ÚāüŽÚ‚ āĂÄü ā‚Ú˕ā¬™·Ɇ Þā½‚©¬‚ ā Žê·Ä‰ ŽÚ˕‰
āü ÃËĄ™ •êÃę¤Ë ׂĂ ā £‚·º‰ɍ ]×Ú̎귏¬™ ā‚ׂ cö‚Ú•ËöÞº¬™¤Ëɇ ‚½™
êö‚Ą‚·¬™Ɇ Ă·ÞÂüÄĬ™·Þāü ¤ Ž¢•ā¬™ ×Ú̎Ëö‚ öüö¬™ß s‚Þ ö ×˽™ɉ
&ڂÄÄ¢ ā‚ÂËĄü½¬ßÃü ö ǽȅȅǽ Ú˺êɌ sÞāüÞ溬™ ×Úā™•Ã¬Ëæü ×Úāü×ËìĂÂü öÌöā‚Þ ºê½æËö™
•ā¬Þ¬‚· ¬ºËÄü VY=ɬêɌ üÂü Žêڙɇ Äê•Ä™ ¬ Žü½™ ·‚º¬™Ɍ ©¬™½¬ßÃü ×Ú˕êºËö‚ ¤Úü ¬ ā‚Ž‚öº¬ ‚•Ä™ɇ ODW RV PLQ
ޙÄÞËöĬ™ ×ËÃüß½‚Ä™ ¬ •ËŽÚā™ öüºËĂę ɬ 悺¬™ ·‚º¬© Þā꺂½¬ßÃü •½‚ ĂÞāü© •ā¬™¬Ɍ
c™· ×ËÞæ‚ö¬™ ·™Þæ™ßÃü ö¬™ÚĬ •Ë •ā¬Þ¬‚·Ɍ

D‚Þ‚Þāüà ×Úā™ŽË·™Ãɇ ©¬æ™Ãɇ ā ºæÌÚüà Ĭ™ ÃËĄ™ Þ¬¢ ÚÌöÐ Ĭ ¬Äę¤Ë ·™Þæ ]êיڣ‚ÚÃ™Ú ɬ ¤Ú‚
D
ā‚×ÚË·™ºæËö‚Ä‚ ö ā‚Þ¬™ .. öË·Äü ßö¬‚æËö™· ×Úā™ā ×ÚË£Ɍ ;‚Ú˽‚ ËÚÞ꺂 ɚöÌöā‚Þ ×˕ Ăāö‰ 6=.2ÿ$ 0$*•:
+˕Ëö½‚ ~ö¬™Úā‰æ™ºɛɌ ËÚËÞÂË ×¬™ÚöÞā™ ×˺˽™Ä¬™ öü©Ëö‚Ä™ Ă ]êיڣ‚ÚÙÚā™ɇ ºê×귉 &ڂā™ ö¬™½‚·‰ Þ¬¢ ö êāĬÌö ö ]āºË¢ C‚¤ÌöɌ ~Ž½¬Ą‚ Þ¬¢ ö¬™½º¬ æêÚĬ™·
•ā¬Þ¬‚· æ¢ ¤Ú¢ •½‚ Þöˬ© •ā¬™¬Ɍ ā‚º½¢Ɍ V˕ā‚Þ ¤¬āę¤Ë ×Ë·™•üÄºê ½¬āü Þ¬¢ Ž¢•ā¬™ ڙĉ™ºÞɇ ÞāüŽºËߐ
ÚāꏂĬ‚ ā‚ÚÌö ¬ ê왷¢æę öüāꏬ™ ā‚ÞêɌ ]āºË‚ C‚¤Ìö æË öü·‰æºËö‚
]×ÚËö‚•ā‚Ãü æ™Ą •Ë V˽޺¬ êºÂ‚•‚ĺ¬ Ž™½¤¬·Þº¬™· ĈÚÃü ]ÂÚæ &‚Ã™Þ ɬ ¤™Ä¬‚½Ä™ ‚ì¤ÂÌöº¬ ¤Ú‚ ºËߏ¬‚Ä‚ɇ ö ºæÌڙ· ×Ë·™•üęº ×Ë좕āü ¤Ú‚ā‚ì æˏāü Þ¬¢ ö ā‚Þ¬™
Ë ÚÌĄÄü© ×Ëā¬Ë© æÚê•ÄËߏ¬ ɬ āĂºËìæ™ɇ ·™•üę ö Þöˬà Ú˕ā‚·ê ö¬ā™Ä¬‚ ½Ë¤¬āę Úā™āüö¬ÞæüÃɌ JׂÄê· Þā™ß Ąüö¬ËÂÌö ¬ āËÞæ‚Å Ă·×Ëæ¢ĄÄ¬™·ÞāüÃ
悺 •½‚ •ā¬™¬ɇ ·‚º ¬ •½‚ •ËÚËÞÂü© ā‚Ú˕ā¬™·™Ã ·‚º¬™¤Ë ö¬•ā¬‚ ßö¬‚æɉ
D
D‚Þ‚Þā™ ×Ú˕êºæü ËæÚāüÂÂü ö¬™½™ äÚ̕ ¬ öüÚÌĄÄ¬™Åɇ ‚ āĂę މ ·êĄ Ĭ™ æü½ºË ö V˽™ɇ ‚½™
Ă ‚Âüà ßö¬™¬™ɇ ˕ 9‚×ËĬ¬ ×Ë .āڂ™½ɇ g] ¬ êÞæڂ½¬¢Ɍ ODW RV PLQ


%$7<6.$)
5(.,1
‚· Þ¬¢ ×ËÚö‚ ×˕ö˕ę· ×Úāü¤Ë•ā¬™ɉ V˕ÚÌĄê· ā Ăì Ž‚æüÞº‚£™Ã
cöˬà ™½™Ã ·™Þæ ×ËÃ̏ ÂÂüà ÚüŽºËà êúĉ āÂüà ¬ ×ÞæÚüº‚· ā•·¢¬‚ Ă·¬™º‚öÞāüà āö¬™Úā‚ºËÃɉ 9™ß½¬ ā‚Úüāüºê·™Þā ¬ ā™·•ā¬™Þā
•Ú‚׬™ĄÄ¬ºËÃɌ sü¤Úüö‚Þāɇ ·™ß½¬ ·‚ºË ׬™ÚöÞāü •ËæÚā™Þā ·™•Ä‰ ¤Â¢ŽËºË ×˕ ö˕¢ɇ ·™Þæ Þā‚Äނɇ Ą™ ꏩöü¬Þā Ĭ™āöüº½™ Úā‚•º¬™
ā™ Þöˬ© ÚüŽ™º Ă ڂ£¢ ½êŽ ·‚ºË ·™•üÄü ×ËāËÞæ‚Ĭ™Þā ö ¤Úā™Ɍ ¬ £‚ޏüÄ귉™ ˺‚āüɌ c™Ä ā s‚Þɇ ºæË ÞæöËÚāü Ă·½™×Þā‰ ºË½™º·¢ £ËæˤڂĈ¬
V¬¢ºÄ™ ¤Ú‚Ĉº¬ ×Úāü¬‰¤Ä‰ •Ë ÞæËÂê ¤Ú‚āü ö º‚Ą•üà ö¬™ºê ¬ ā•ËŽ¢•ā¬™ Ă·ö¬¢™· יڙÂɇ öü¤Ú‚ ÚËā¤Úüöº¢Ɍ
¬ ×Ëāö˽‰ s‚Ã Ă ÃËÙÄæ ×Úā™Ä¬™ß Þ¬¢ •Ë Ĭ™Þ‚ÃËö¬æ™· &ڂ êāü •ËŽÚ™¤Ë ×½‚ÄËö‚Ĭ‚ ¬ ö¬āü ê왷¢æÄËߐ Þā‚Ëö‚Ĭ‚ Úüāüº‚Ɍ
×˕ö˕ę· ºÚ‚¬ÄüɌ
ODW RV PLQ
ODW RV PLQ



:<63$ 602.•:
&ڂā™ ×ˤ‚·‰ Þˎ¬™ Ăöā‚·™Ãɇ ڂā™Ã •‰Ą‰ •Ë ËÞ¬‰¤Ä¬¢¬‚
,0,21., ™½êɌ &ڂ êāü öÞ×Ì•ā¬‚‚Ĭ‚ɇ ºÞā悏¬ ê왷¢æÄËߐ
¬™•Ä™ .C.JD;.ɉ ×˕™·ÃËö‚Ĭ‚ •™üā·¬ ¬ ˏ™Äü ¬© ºËÄޙºö™Ä·¬Ɍ

~êיÂĬ™ ā‚×ËÃĬ‚Âüɇ ·‚º Þ¬¢ Ăāüö‚·‰Ɍ VËÃÌĄ ¬Ãɇ öüÃüß½‚·‰ •½‚ Ĭ©
ÄËö™ ×ޙê•ËĬÃüɌ ODW RV PLQ
&ÚË•º‚ ā‚Ž‚öÄü© ÞæöËÚºÌö ½¬āü Ă cöË·‰ öüˎڂĂĬ¢ɉ
.C.JD;. æË ºÚ™‚æüöĂ ¤Ú‚ º‚ڏ¬‚Ä‚ •½‚ ÂÂü© ¬ •êĄü©Ɍ

^ö¬™æĬ™ Þ×ڂö•ā¬ Þ¬¢ ö Ú˕ā¬ÄÄüà ¤ÚËĬ™ɇ ö ×˕ÚÌĄüɇ ‚ 悺Ą™ Ă ×Úāü·¢¬êɌ &ڂÄĂ ]×Ɍ ā ËɌËɌ

ODW RV PLQ ZZZ JUDQQD SO ê½Ɍ ;Þ¬¢¬‚ ~¬™ÃËö¬æ‚ Ȁȃɇ
Þº½™×ʱ¤Ú‚ÄĂɌ×½ ǼǿɬȃȄȄ s‚ÚÞā‚ö‚





6â2Ĝ&( 8Ħ0,(&+$ 6,Ē




&KURĝP\ G]LHFL SU]HG V]NRGOLZ\PL

SURPLHQLDPL 89 G]LHNL QDV]\P SURGXNWRP

] Z\VRNĎ RFKURQĎ 83)


,GHDOQH QD ]DEDZē Z VãRĝFX



‡ SLHOXV]NL ZLHORUD]RZH

‡ SLDQNL QHRSUHQRZH

‡ NDPL]HONL Z\SRUQRħFLRZH

‡ XEUDQND 89 ] ILOWUHP




= KDVãHP PDJD]\QSU]HGV]NROH

UDEDW QD ZV]\VWNLH SURGXNW\

6SODVK $ERXW Z VNOHSLH $FWLYH%DE\6KRS SO

GR







::: 63/$6+$%287 3/

6â2Ĝ&( 8Ħ0,(&+$ 6,Ē




&KURĝP\ G]LHFL SU]HG V]NRGOLZ\PL

SURPLHQLDPL 89 G]LHNL QDV]\P SURGXNWRP

] Z\VRNĎ RFKURQĎ 83)


,GHDOQH QD ]DEDZē Z VãRĝFX



‡ SLHOXV]NL ZLHORUD]RZH

‡ SLDQNL QHRSUHQRZH

‡ NDPL]HONL Z\SRUQRħFLRZH

‡ XEUDQND 89 ] ILOWUHP




= KDVãHP PDJD]\QSU]HGV]NROH

UDEDW QD ZV]\VWNLH SURGXNW\

6SODVK $ERXW Z VNOHSLH $FWLYH%DE\6KRS SO

GR







::: 63/$6+$%287 3/





874/2. .* XS ^REG^] 57=83& )>.*(.è(& >&+&

874/2. .* XS S [MIPI [MéGIN RMŏ X]POS H^MIGMéGE QSHE XS OSRGITGNE
93.;*7 &13*/ 5/3*/ M ;=,4)3*/ H^MIGMéGIN KEVHIVSF]


8 8[SV^]Q] HPE ;EW YFVERME OX¾VI QSŏRE ^I WSFÒ HS[SPRMI ēÒG^]Ô M ^E[W^I
Į[MIXRMI []KPÒHENÒ FS [MIQ] MPI QEGMI SFS[MÒ^O¾[ OEŏHIKS HRME M ŏI
GSH^MIRRE []TVE[E HS TV^IHW^OSPE G^EWEQM []HENI WMé ;EQ HēYŏW^E RMŏ
TSHV¾ŏ HSSOSēE Į[MEXE
; ;W^]WXOMI REW^I YFVEROE TS[WXENÒ ^ 3&/;=Ŏ >*/ /&04ĭ(. TVSHYOS[ER]GL
; 541 (* M GIVX]ǻOS[ER]GL QEXIVMEē¾[ E OEŏH] [TVS[EH^SR] HS
WTV^IHEŏ] OV¾N NIWX XIWXS[ER] TV^I^ RENHVSŏW^]GL REW^IQY WIVGY QEē]GL
QSHIPM M QSHIPOM REW^I [ēEWRI H^MIGM

3EW^ XVSNQMĮ NIWX [ GEēSĮGM 2&)* .3 541&3) E NIKS WIVGI FMNI
[ 8EVRS[WOMGL ,¾VEGL RE ĭPÒWOY


































XVSNQMWMI XS Q] H[MI QEQ] OX¾VI ēÒG^] GLéÔ WX[SV^IRME G^IKSĮ []NÒXOS[IKS
M [WT¾PRI MQMé 0EWME & H^MIPM REW GL]FE X]POS OSPSV [ēSW¾[
0EŏHIKS HRME H^MIPMQ] WMé [WT¾PRÒ TVEGÒ M NIHRSG^IĮRMI [WT¾PRÒ TEWNÒ X[SV^ÒG

ƵƵƵţŸƋųŅģĵĜŸĜåţŞĬ []NÒXOS[I H^MIGMéGI YFVEROE ĒÒG^]Q] FM^RIWS[I ^EGMéGMI ^ X[¾VG^Ò HYW^Ò
,H] NIHRE ^ REW WMIH^M ^ RSŏ]G^OEQM [ VéGI HSWOSREPÒG REW^I WXVSNQMWMS[I

WXVSNQMWMI%KQEMP GSQ ` XIP TVSNIOX] HVYKE TSGL]PE WMé REH OEPOYPEXSVIQ ^EWXERE[MENÒG WMé REH X]Q NEO
YP TSOSNRE 8EVRS[WOMI ,¾V] ; ;EQ ^ETI[RMÔ RENPITW^] WXSWYRIO GIR] HS NEOSĮGM

874/2. .* XS ^REG^] 57=83& )>.*(.è(& >&+&

874/2. .* XS S [MIPI [MéGIN RMŏ X]POS H^MIGMéGE QSHE XS OSRGITGNE
93.;*7 &13*/ 5/3*/ M ;=,4)3*/ H^MIGMéGIN KEVHIVSF]


8 8[SV^]Q] HPE ;EW YFVERME OX¾VI QSŏRE ^I WSFÒ HS[SPRMI ēÒG^]Ô M ^E[W^I
Į[MIXRMI []KPÒHENÒ FS [MIQ] MPI QEGMI SFS[MÒ^O¾[ OEŏHIKS HRME M ŏI
GSH^MIRRE []TVE[E HS TV^IHW^OSPE G^EWEQM []HENI WMé ;EQ HēYŏW^E RMŏ
TSHV¾ŏ HSSOSēE Į[MEXE
; ;W^]WXOMI REW^I YFVEROE TS[WXENÒ ^ 3&/;=Ŏ >*/ /&04ĭ(. TVSHYOS[ER]GL
; 541 (* M GIVX]ǻOS[ER]GL QEXIVMEē¾[ E OEŏH] [TVS[EH^SR] HS
WTV^IHEŏ] OV¾N NIWX XIWXS[ER] TV^I^ RENHVSŏW^]GL REW^IQY WIVGY QEē]GL
QSHIPM M QSHIPOM REW^I [ēEWRI H^MIGM

3EW^ XVSNQMĮ NIWX [ GEēSĮGM 2&)* .3 541&3) E NIKS WIVGI FMNI
[ 8EVRS[WOMGL ,¾VEGL RE ĭPÒWOY


































XVSNQMWMI XS Q] H[MI QEQ] OX¾VI ēÒG^] GLéÔ WX[SV^IRME G^IKSĮ []NÒXOS[IKS
M [WT¾PRI MQMé 0EWME & H^MIPM REW GL]FE X]POS OSPSV [ēSW¾[
0EŏHIKS HRME H^MIPMQ] WMé [WT¾PRÒ TVEGÒ M NIHRSG^IĮRMI [WT¾PRÒ TEWNÒ X[SV^ÒG

ƵƵƵţŸƋųŅģĵĜŸĜåţŞĬ []NÒXOS[I H^MIGMéGI YFVEROE ĒÒG^]Q] FM^RIWS[I ^EGMéGMI ^ X[¾VG^Ò HYW^Ò
,H] NIHRE ^ REW WMIH^M ^ RSŏ]G^OEQM [ VéGI HSWOSREPÒG REW^I WXVSNQMWMS[I

WXVSNQMWMI%KQEMP GSQ ` XIP TVSNIOX] HVYKE TSGL]PE WMé REH OEPOYPEXSVIQ ^EWXERE[MENÒG WMé REH X]Q NEO
YP TSOSNRE 8EVRS[WOMI ,¾V] ; ;EQ ^ETI[RMÔ RENPITW^] WXSWYRIO GIR] HS NEOSĮGM

CJ; ]yD;. 9 ]Dy Y ~

™ºËcê×æêÞ¬™ = ]].
™Ä‚Ɇ ǿȅɇȅȅ V=D
;¬Ã ·™Þæ™ßÃüɍ

%.JY.DJ æË ĈÚÂɇ ºæÌڂ ×ËöÞæ‚‚ ā ìÂËߏ¬ •Ë •ā¬™¬Ɍ ©™Ãü öüöËÂüö‚ êß왏© ¬ Þ×ڂö¬‚
ڂ•ËߐɌ s‚ßĬ™ •½‚晤Ëɇ ö º‚Ą•ü ĂÞā ×Ú˕êºæ öºÂ‚•‚Ãü ޙڏ™Ɍ
Ë Úˎ¬Ãüɍ

C‚·‰ Ă êö‚•ā™ ×ڂö¬•ÂËöü ÚËāöÌ· •ā¬™º‚ɇ ÞæöËÚāü½¬ßÃü ·™•üę ¬ ËÚü¤¬Ä‚½Ä™ ™ºËcê×æêÞ¬™Ɍ % ]c Y ɬ =¬Þ™º
ā¬™¬ ×˺ˏ©‚Âü ¬© öü¤Ë•¢ɇ ‚ Ú˕ā¬™ ·‚ºËߐɌ
™ºËcê×æêÞ¬™ = ]].
s s ĂÞā™· Ë£™Ú¬™ āĂ·•ā¬™¬™ ÚÌöĬ™Ą ÞÃˏāº¬ Âں¬ =.V.D.V.ɇ ºæÌڙ öüÚÌĄÄ¬‚ ËÚü¤¬Ä‚½Äü
•™Þ¬¤Ä ¬ ßì™Þāę Ă׬ÞüɌ ™Ä‚Ɇ ȂȁɇǾȂ V=D

D‚Þā™ ™ºË½Ë¤¬āę æ™ÚÃË£ËÚü ā יÞ溂ì ö¬ßĬɇ ×ˤ‚·‰ ö ö‚½™ ā ºË½º‰ ¬ ßö¬™æĬ™
Þ×ڂö•ā‚·‰ Þ¬¢ Ă ÞæÂêā™Ä¬‚Ɍ
9‚º æöËÚāüÃüɍ

9™Þæ™ßÃü ×Ú˕ꏙÄæ™Ã Žê¬ºÌöɇ •½‚æ™¤Ë º‚Ą•‚ ׂڂ ™ºËcê×æêÞ¬Ìö ·™Þæ Þāüæ‚ Þי·‚½Ä¬™ •½‚
ā¬™º‚ɇ ‚Žü ÃˤÂË ¬™Þāü Þ¬¢ öü¤Ë•‰ ¬ öüÂÚāËÄüà öāËڙà Žê¬ºÌöɌ
] D B;. ŽÂ¢º¬æę ¤ö¬‚ā•º¬
s s æÚËޏ™ Ë öüÞ˺‰ ·‚ºËߐ öüºËĂĬ‚ɇ º‚Ą•‚ ׂڂ ·™Þæ Þāüæ‚ Ú¢āĬ™ɇ Ë öü¤‚ •ËºÂ‚•ÄËߏ¬
¬ ā‚ÞêɌ s‚ßĬ™ •½‚æ™¤Ë ĂÞā™ ×Ú˕êºæü މ êĬº‚½Ä™ ¬ öü·‰æºËö™Ɍ ™ºËcê×æêÞ¬™ = ]].
™Ä‚Ɇ ȀȄɇȅȅ V=D
]×ڂö•Ă ĂÞā™ öÞāüÞ溬™ ×Ú˕êºæüɉ









&Y D cJsy ;Jc ; ]ā™½º¬ ɬ &s. ~ ;. B$;.c
™ºËcê×æêÞ¬™ = ]]. ™ºËcê×æêÞ¬™ = ]].

™Ä‚Ɇ ȀȄɇȅȅ V=D ™Ä‚Ɇ ǾǾɇȄǼ V=D










]cY  ; ɬ ÄËöËߐɉ B C C

™ºËcê×æêÞ¬™ = ]]. ]Ãˏāº¬ =.V.D.V.
™Ä‚Ɇ ȀȄɇȅȅ V=D ™Ä‚Ɇ ǽǾɇȅǼ V=D







%.JY.DJ CËæ©™Ú ʲ ©¬½• ™ÞÞËÚ¬™Þ öööɌĈËÚ¬ÄËɌ™ê
ê½Ɍ ‚ā‚ÚËö‚ Ȃɇ ȀǿɬǿǽȂ ¬™½ÞºËɬ ¬‚‚
晽Ɇ ʐȀȄ ȃȅǼ Ȃȃȃ ǼȅǾ Þº½™×ʱĈËÚ¬ÄËɌ™ê

CJ; ]yD;. 9 ]Dy Y ~

™ºËcê×æêÞ¬™ = ]].
™Ä‚Ɇ ǿȅɇȅȅ V=D
;¬Ã ·™Þæ™ßÃüɍ

%.JY.DJ æË ĈÚÂɇ ºæÌڂ ×ËöÞæ‚‚ ā ìÂËߏ¬ •Ë •ā¬™¬Ɍ ©™Ãü öüöËÂüö‚ êß왏© ¬ Þ×ڂö¬‚
ڂ•ËߐɌ s‚ßĬ™ •½‚晤Ëɇ ö º‚Ą•ü ĂÞā ×Ú˕êºæ öºÂ‚•‚Ãü ޙڏ™Ɍ
Ë Úˎ¬Ãüɍ

C‚·‰ Ă êö‚•ā™ ×ڂö¬•ÂËöü ÚËāöÌ· •ā¬™º‚ɇ ÞæöËÚāü½¬ßÃü ·™•üę ¬ ËÚü¤¬Ä‚½Ä™ ™ºËcê×æêÞ¬™Ɍ % ]c Y ɬ =¬Þ™º
ā¬™¬ ×˺ˏ©‚Âü ¬© öü¤Ë•¢ɇ ‚ Ú˕ā¬™ ·‚ºËߐɌ
™ºËcê×æêÞ¬™ = ]].
s s ĂÞā™· Ë£™Ú¬™ āĂ·•ā¬™¬™ ÚÌöĬ™Ą ÞÃˏāº¬ Âں¬ =.V.D.V.ɇ ºæÌڙ öüÚÌĄÄ¬‚ ËÚü¤¬Ä‚½Äü
•™Þ¬¤Ä ¬ ßì™Þāę Ă׬ÞüɌ ™Ä‚Ɇ ȂȁɇǾȂ V=D

D‚Þā™ ™ºË½Ë¤¬āę æ™ÚÃË£ËÚü ā יÞ溂ì ö¬ßĬɇ ×ˤ‚·‰ ö ö‚½™ ā ºË½º‰ ¬ ßö¬™æĬ™
Þ×ڂö•ā‚·‰ Þ¬¢ Ă ÞæÂêā™Ä¬‚Ɍ
9‚º æöËÚāüÃüɍ

9™Þæ™ßÃü ×Ú˕ꏙÄæ™Ã Žê¬ºÌöɇ •½‚æ™¤Ë º‚Ą•‚ ׂڂ ™ºËcê×æêÞ¬Ìö ·™Þæ Þāüæ‚ Þי·‚½Ä¬™ •½‚
ā¬™º‚ɇ ‚Žü ÃˤÂË ¬™Þāü Þ¬¢ öü¤Ë•‰ ¬ öüÂÚāËÄüà öāËڙà Žê¬ºÌöɌ
] D B;. ŽÂ¢º¬æę ¤ö¬‚ā•º¬
s s æÚËޏ™ Ë öüÞ˺‰ ·‚ºËߐ öüºËĂĬ‚ɇ º‚Ą•‚ ׂڂ ·™Þæ Þāüæ‚ Ú¢āĬ™ɇ Ë öü¤‚ •ËºÂ‚•ÄËߏ¬
¬ ā‚ÞêɌ s‚ßĬ™ •½‚æ™¤Ë ĂÞā™ ×Ú˕êºæü މ êĬº‚½Ä™ ¬ öü·‰æºËö™Ɍ ™ºËcê×æêÞ¬™ = ]].
™Ä‚Ɇ ȀȄɇȅȅ V=D
]×ڂö•Ă ĂÞā™ öÞāüÞ溬™ ×Ú˕êºæüɉ









&Y D cJsy ;Jc ; ]ā™½º¬ ɬ &s. ~ ;. B$;.c
™ºËcê×æêÞ¬™ = ]]. ™ºËcê×æêÞ¬™ = ]].

™Ä‚Ɇ ȀȄɇȅȅ V=D ™Ä‚Ɇ ǾǾɇȄǼ V=D










]cY  ; ɬ ÄËöËߐɉ B C C

™ºËcê×æêÞ¬™ = ]]. ]Ãˏāº¬ =.V.D.V.
™Ä‚Ɇ ȀȄɇȅȅ V=D ™Ä‚Ɇ ǽǾɇȅǼ V=D







%.JY.DJ CËæ©™Ú ʲ ©¬½• ™ÞÞËÚ¬™Þ öööɌĈËÚ¬ÄËɌ™ê
ê½Ɍ ‚ā‚ÚËö‚ Ȃɇ ȀǿɬǿǽȂ ¬™½ÞºËɬ ¬‚‚
晽Ɇ ʐȀȄ ȃȅǼ Ȃȃȃ ǼȅǾ Þº½™×ʱĈËÚ¬ÄËɌ™ê

VJ^ . = ~. .$ ɰ ~s. Y~ ;.ɒ&YJ]~;. ;J y; ~. D.DJsy C g]ʨ s BD
VËߏ¬™½ •ā¬™¬¢‚ ;ˏüº¬ •ā¬‚ĬÄËö™

™Ä‚Ɇ ǾȅɇȅǼ V=D ™Ä‚Ɇ ǽȀǼɇǼǼ V=D








VJ^ . = ~. .$ ɰ c YCJ%JY ~ V ]c ; s.^D.ɰ

~.&ɰ~ &ɒ]BJD.; YK &s. ~ ;.ɒVY ;.
VËߏ¬™½ •ā¬™¬¢‚ VYJCJ 9 ɉɉɉ

™Ä‚Ɇ ǾȅɇȅǼ V=D ™Ä‚Ɇ ǽǽɇȁǼ V=D








VJ g]~;. J ; YC. D. ~ C.$ .gc;.C
VJ= Y C C.D;y &s. ~ ;. V. =g]~; C g]Js ɰ cYK9; cy

Yˤ‚½™ •Ë º‚Úì™Ä¬‚ V¬™½êÞāº¬ Ž‚ÃŽêÞËö™ ¬ ‚½¤Ëö™
™Ä‚Ɇ ȄȅɇǼǼ V=D ™Ä‚Ɇ ǾȃɇȄǿ V=D









YJ& = J ; YC. D. ɰ
~s. Y~ ;.ɒ;YJV;. C.$cJs V. =g]~; C g]Js ɰ %g;]9
V¬™½êÞāº¬ Ž‚ÃŽêÞËö™ ¬ ‚½¤Ëö™
Yˤ‚½™ •Ë º‚Úì™Ä¬‚
™Ä‚Ɇ ǽȅɇǾǾ V=D
™Ä‚Ɇ ȁȁɇȁǼ V=D









J;Yy . ; V. =Js ɰ C By ;]. $ Yg

º™ÞËÚ¬‚ •Ë º‰×¬™½¬
™Ä‚Ɇ ȂǿɇȁǼ V=D







%.JY.DJ CËæ©™Ú ʲ ©¬½• ™ÞÞËÚ¬™Þ öööɌĈËÚ¬ÄËɌ™ê
ê½Ɍ ‚ā‚ÚËö‚ Ȃɇ ȀǿɬǿǽȂ ¬™½ÞºËɬ ¬‚‚
晽Ɇ ʐȀȄ ȃȅǼ Ȃȃȃ ǼȅǾ Þº½™×ʱĈËÚ¬ÄËɌ™ê

VJ^ . = ~. .$ ɰ ~s. Y~ ;.ɒ&YJ]~;. ;J y; ~. D.DJsy C g]ʨ s BD
VËߏ¬™½ •ā¬™¬¢‚ ;ˏüº¬ •ā¬‚ĬÄËö™

™Ä‚Ɇ ǾȅɇȅǼ V=D ™Ä‚Ɇ ǽȀǼɇǼǼ V=D








VJ^ . = ~. .$ ɰ c YCJ%JY ~ V ]c ; s.^D.ɰ

~.&ɰ~ &ɒ]BJD.; YK &s. ~ ;.ɒVY ;.
VËߏ¬™½ •ā¬™¬¢‚ VYJCJ 9 ɉɉɉ

™Ä‚Ɇ ǾȅɇȅǼ V=D ™Ä‚Ɇ ǽǽɇȁǼ V=D








VJ g]~;. J ; YC. D. ~ C.$ .gc;.C
VJ= Y C C.D;y &s. ~ ;. V. =g]~; C g]Js ɰ cYK9; cy

Yˤ‚½™ •Ë º‚Úì™Ä¬‚ V¬™½êÞāº¬ Ž‚ÃŽêÞËö™ ¬ ‚½¤Ëö™
™Ä‚Ɇ ȄȅɇǼǼ V=D ™Ä‚Ɇ ǾȃɇȄǿ V=D









YJ& = J ; YC. D. ɰ
~s. Y~ ;.ɒ;YJV;. C.$cJs V. =g]~; C g]Js ɰ %g;]9
V¬™½êÞāº¬ Ž‚ÃŽêÞËö™ ¬ ‚½¤Ëö™
Yˤ‚½™ •Ë º‚Úì™Ä¬‚
™Ä‚Ɇ ǽȅɇǾǾ V=D
™Ä‚Ɇ ȁȁɇȁǼ V=D









J;Yy . ; V. =Js ɰ C By ;]. $ Yg

º™ÞËÚ¬‚ •Ë º‰×¬™½¬
™Ä‚Ɇ ȂǿɇȁǼ V=D







%.JY.DJ CËæ©™Ú ʲ ©¬½• ™ÞÞËÚ¬™Þ öööɌĈËÚ¬ÄËɌ™ê
ê½Ɍ ‚ā‚ÚËö‚ Ȃɇ ȀǿɬǿǽȂ ¬™½ÞºËɬ ¬‚‚
晽Ɇ ʐȀȄ ȃȅǼ Ȃȃȃ ǼȅǾ Þº½™×ʱĈËÚ¬ÄËɌ™ê

3 L H U Z V ] H O D W D Ī \ F L D G ] L H F N D W R F ] D V
E H ] W U R V N L H M ] D E D Z \ N W y U ą 5 R G ] L F H V W D U D M ą
V L Ċ Z ] E R J D F L ü R H O H P H Q W \ H G X N D F \ M Q H
5 R G ] L F H L R S L H N X Q R Z L H S R V ] X N X M ą
U R ] Z L ą ] D Ĕ N W y U H E Ċ G ą V W \ P X O R Z D ü U R ] Z y M
G ] L H F N D Q D Z L H O X S á D V ] F ] \ ] Q D F K D
G R G D W N R Z R E Ċ G ą D W U D N F \ M Q H G O D
PD O X V ] N y Z
PD O X V ] N y Z S U ] H ] G á X J L F ] D V - H G Q ą ]
Q R Z \ F K S U R S R ] \ F M L Q D U \ Q N X V ą N O R F N L
Ä 3 L U D P L G D ] D E D Z ´ N W y U H Z V Z H M S U R V W R F L H
] D Z L H U D M ą ] á R Ī R Q ą S D O H W Ċ P R Ī O L Z R Ğ F L
] D E D Z L V W \ P X O D F M L U R ] Z R M X P D á H J R
F ] á R Z L H N D ] D U y Z Q R Z V I H U ] H S R ] Q D Z F ] H M
M D N L P R W R U \ F ] Q H M

3 R E X G ] D Q L H U R ] Z R M X G ] L H F N D W R
G R V W D U F ] D Q L H P X F L H N D Z \ F K ] D E D Z H N D O H
W H Ī S R P \ V á y Z Q D L F K U y Ī Q R U R G Q H
Z \ N R U ] \ V W D Q L H . O R F N L Ä 3 L U D P L G D ] D E D Z ´
W R S U R S R ] \ F M D N W y U D R S U y F ] H V W H W \ F ] Q H J R
L S U ] \ F L ą J D M ą F H J R X Z D J Ċ Z \ J O ą G X G D M H
R J U R P P R Ī O L Z R Ğ F L ] D E D Z \ = D E D Z \ N W y U ą
P R Ī Q D N H U X Q N R Z \ Z D ü D O H W H Ī ] D E D Z \
P R Ī Q DXL
V S R Q W D Q L F ] Q H M S R ] Z D O D M ą F H M G ] L H F N X Q D
U R ] Z y M M H V ] F ] H M H G Q H M Q L H R F H Q L R Q H M
X P L H M Ċ W Q R Ğ F L D P L D Q R Z L F L H Z \ R E U D Ĩ Q L
3 R O H F D P ] D E D Z Ċ N O R F N D P L L N U H R Z D Q L H
Q R Z \ F K I R U P S U D F \ ] Q L P L

0DUWD /HV]NR *DZRU

3V\FKRORJ
3U\ZDWQLH PDPD NWyUą IDVF\QXMH
SHGDJRJLND 0RQWHVVRUL










3/1





:LHĪD R Z\VRNRĞFL FP

3LUDPLGD =DEDZ ± MHM VLáD WNZL Z SURVWRFLH 7DN MDN ZLĊNV]RĞFL XQLZHUVDOQ\FK
L SRQDGF]DVRZ\FK ]DEDZHN 0D W\OH ]DVWRVRZDĔ LOH PRĪOLZRĞFL GDMH Z\REUDĨQLD

3 L U D P L G D W R ] D E D Z N D R W Z D U W D F ] \ O L W D N D N W y U D V W D Q R Z L Q L H Z \ F ] H U S D Q H Ĩ U y G á R L Q V S L U D F M L ' ] L H F N R
P R Ī H M ą Z \ N R U ] \ V W D ü Z H G á X J Z á D V Q H J R S R P \ V á X 7 R ] X S H á Q H S U ] H F L Z L H Ĕ V W Z R ] D E D Z H N N W y U \ P L
E D Z L ü V L Ċ P R Ī Q D W \ O N R ] J R G Q L H ] Q D U ] X F R Q \ P S U ] H S L V H P S R G ą Ī D M ą F ] D L Q V W U X N F M ą R E V á X J L $% 3XEOLVKLQJ XO 5RPDQRZLF]D D 7DUQyZ
3 L U D PL G D L Q V S L U R Z D Q D M H V W U y Ī R Z ą Z L H Ī ą 0 D U L L 0 R Q W H V V R U L WHO _ PDLO LQIR#SLUDPLGD]DEDZ SO

3 L H U Z V ] H O D W D Ī \ F L D G ] L H F N D W R F ] D V
E H ] W U R V N L H M ] D E D Z \ N W y U ą 5 R G ] L F H V W D U D M ą
V L Ċ Z ] E R J D F L ü R H O H P H Q W \ H G X N D F \ M Q H
5 R G ] L F H L R S L H N X Q R Z L H S R V ] X N X M ą
U R ] Z L ą ] D Ĕ N W y U H E Ċ G ą V W \ P X O R Z D ü U R ] Z y M
G ] L H F N D Q D Z L H O X S á D V ] F ] \ ] Q D F K D
G R G D W N R Z R E Ċ G ą D W U D N F \ M Q H G O D
PD O X V ] N y Z
PD O X V ] N y Z S U ] H ] G á X J L F ] D V - H G Q ą ]
Q R Z \ F K S U R S R ] \ F M L Q D U \ Q N X V ą N O R F N L
Ä 3 L U D P L G D ] D E D Z ´ N W y U H Z V Z H M S U R V W R F L H
] D Z L H U D M ą ] á R Ī R Q ą S D O H W Ċ P R Ī O L Z R Ğ F L
] D E D Z L V W \ P X O D F M L U R ] Z R M X P D á H J R
F ] á R Z L H N D ] D U y Z Q R Z V I H U ] H S R ] Q D Z F ] H M
M D N L P R W R U \ F ] Q H M

3 R E X G ] D Q L H U R ] Z R M X G ] L H F N D W R
G R V W D U F ] D Q L H P X F L H N D Z \ F K ] D E D Z H N D O H
W H Ī S R P \ V á y Z Q D L F K U y Ī Q R U R G Q H
Z \ N R U ] \ V W D Q L H . O R F N L Ä 3 L U D P L G D ] D E D Z ´
W R S U R S R ] \ F M D N W y U D R S U y F ] H V W H W \ F ] Q H J R
L S U ] \ F L ą J D M ą F H J R X Z D J Ċ Z \ J O ą G X G D M H
R J U R P P R Ī O L Z R Ğ F L ] D E D Z \ = D E D Z \ N W y U ą
P R Ī Q D N H U X Q N R Z \ Z D ü D O H W H Ī ] D E D Z \
P R Ī Q DXL
V S R Q W D Q L F ] Q H M S R ] Z D O D M ą F H M G ] L H F N X Q D
U R ] Z y M M H V ] F ] H M H G Q H M Q L H R F H Q L R Q H M
X P L H M Ċ W Q R Ğ F L D P L D Q R Z L F L H Z \ R E U D Ĩ Q L
3 R O H F D P ] D E D Z Ċ N O R F N D P L L N U H R Z D Q L H
Q R Z \ F K I R U P S U D F \ ] Q L P L

0DUWD /HV]NR *DZRU

3V\FKRORJ
3U\ZDWQLH PDPD NWyUą IDVF\QXMH
SHGDJRJLND 0RQWHVVRUL










3/1





:LHĪD R Z\VRNRĞFL FP

3LUDPLGD =DEDZ ± MHM VLáD WNZL Z SURVWRFLH 7DN MDN ZLĊNV]RĞFL XQLZHUVDOQ\FK
L SRQDGF]DVRZ\FK ]DEDZHN 0D W\OH ]DVWRVRZDĔ LOH PRĪOLZRĞFL GDMH Z\REUDĨQLD

3 L U D P L G D W R ] D E D Z N D R W Z D U W D F ] \ O L W D N D N W y U D V W D Q R Z L Q L H Z \ F ] H U S D Q H Ĩ U y G á R L Q V S L U D F M L ' ] L H F N R
P R Ī H M ą Z \ N R U ] \ V W D ü Z H G á X J Z á D V Q H J R S R P \ V á X 7 R ] X S H á Q H S U ] H F L Z L H Ĕ V W Z R ] D E D Z H N N W y U \ P L
E D Z L ü V L Ċ P R Ī Q D W \ O N R ] J R G Q L H ] Q D U ] X F R Q \ P S U ] H S L V H P S R G ą Ī D M ą F ] D L Q V W U X N F M ą R E V á X J L $% 3XEOLVKLQJ XO 5RPDQRZLF]D D 7DUQyZ
3 L U D PL G D L Q V S L U R Z D Q D M H V W U y Ī R Z ą Z L H Ī ą 0 D U L L 0 R Q W H V V R U L WHO _ PDLO LQIR#SLUDPLGD]DEDZ SO





































6SUDZG]RQ\ VSRVµE QD QDXNÛ OLF]HQLD L WDEOLF]NL

PQRľHQLD SU]H] ]DEDZÛ





.DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR SRZVWDĄ\ SRQDG ODW WHPX Z URNX
Z Z\QLNX QLHFRG]LHQQHM VSRUWRZHM KLVWRULL 6WZRU]\Ą MH $QGU]HM 0RW\ZHP SU]HZRGQLP ZV]\VWNLFK .DUW *UDERZVNLHJR MHVW SRVWDÉ
*UDERZVNL WUHQHU OHNNLHM DWOHW\NL 1D SRF]ÇWNX ODW QD ZĄDVQHM SRP\VĄRGDZF\ $QGU]HMD *UDERZVNLHJR ZUD] ] EDZLÇF\PL VLÛ G]LHÉPL
VNµU]H RGF]XĄ SU]HPLDQ\ VSRĄHF]QR JRVSRGDUF]H Z 3ROVFH 3RPLPR
VXNFHVµZ ]H VZRLPL ]DZRGQLNDPL ]DSURSRQRZDQR PX SUDFÛ
Z NOXELH VSRUWRZ\P ]DȐ ]ĄRW\FK PLHVLÛF]QLH 0DMÇF SU]HG VREÇ
QLHSHZQÇ SU]\V]ĄRĝÉ DOH UµZQLHľ XNRĆF]RQH VWXGLD PDWHPDW\F]QH Ȃ
S .DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR 'RGDZDQLH L RGHMPRZDQLH
SRGMÇĄ SUDFÛ Z V]NROH SRGVWDZRZHM RGMÇĄ SUDFÛ Z V]NROH SRGVWDZRZHM
-Xľ QD SRF]ÇWNX SUDF\ $QGU]HM *UDERZVNL GR]QDĄ V]RNX ȌMDN WR
PRľOLZH ľHE\ G]LHFL Z NODVLH QLH ]QDĄ\ WDEOLF]NL PQRľHQLD" ȋ :WHG\ .DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR 'RGDZDQLH L RGHMPRZDQLH VÇ ]HVWDZHP JLHU HGXNDF\MQ\FK GOD G]LHFL NWµUH XF]Ç
DNW\ZQLH UR]ZLMDĄ VZRMÇ SRP\VĄRZRĝÉ ľHE\ SRPµF G]LHFLRP Z QDXFH GRGDZDQLD L RGHMPRZDQLD SU]H] ]DEDZÛ 2G SRQDG ODW SRPDJDMÇ G]LHFLRP Z FDĄHM 3ROVFH Z GRVNRQDOHQLX
WDEOLF]NL PQRľHQLD 3RF]ÇWNRZR RUJDQL]RZDĄ JU\ VSRUWRZH ] SLĄNDPL XPLHMÛWQRĝFL GRGDZDQLD L RGHMPRZDQLD =GRE\Ą\ RQH X]QDQLH ZĝUµG URG]LFµZ QDXF]\FLHOL L LQVW\WXFML
L U\ZDOL]DFMÇ ']LHFLRP VLÛ WR VSRGREDĄR 3RV]HGĄ R NURN GDOHM QD HGXNDF\MQ\FK
]Z\NĄ\FK NDUWRQLNDFK VWZRU]\Ą NDUW\ PDWHPDW\F]QH 5HDNFMD G]LHFL"
Ȍ7H NDUW\ VÇ ĝZLHWQH ȋ $QGU]HM *UDERZVNL : ]HVWDZX ZFKRG]Ç NDUW\ GXľH ] OLF]EDPL GľRNHU\ RUD] NDUW\ PDĄH ]H ]QDNDPL G]LDĄDĆ UµZQRĝFL QLHUµZQRĝFL RUD]
QDZLDVDPL V]DEORQ Ȍ*UDIȋ ']LÛNL NDUWRP PDĄ\P PDP\ PRľOLZRĝÉ WZRU]HQLD UµľQHJR W\SX UµZQDĆ L QLHUµZQRĝFL
Ζ : :V]\VWNLH JU\ RSLVDQH VÇ Z NVLÇľFH ] WHM VHULL 'R G\VSR]\FML MHVW JLHU *U\ RGSRZLHGQLH VÇ GR ]UHDOL]RZDQLD
ΖFKFK HQWX]MD]P L UDGRĝÉ GDĄ\ SRP\VĄRGDZF\ LPSXOV GR VWZRU]HQLD SURIHVMRQDOQ\FK NDUW L EOLVNR JLHU
3RP\VĄ RND]DĄ VLÛ VSRVREHP QD XWU]\PDQLH URG]LQ\ Z QLHSHZQ\FK F]DVDFK FKRÉ QLH E\ĄR WR SURVWH Z SU]HGV]NROX V]NROH SRGVWDZRZHM RUD] Z GRPX
3RF]ÇWNRZR $QGU]HM *UDERZVNL ZUD] ] ľRQÇ %RľHQÇ VWDUDOL VLÛ GRFLHUDÉ WHOHIRQLF]QLH GR V]NµĄ
0RPHQWHP SU]HĄRPRZ\P E\ĄR SRSDUFLH 0LQLVWHUVWZD (GXNDFML 1DURGRZHM GOD .DUW 7DEOLF]ND
PQRľHQLD L SU]\]QDQLH LP UHNRPHQGDFML 3µļQLHM ]RUJDQL]RZDQR Z 6]F]HFLQNX SLHUZV]H 0LVWU]RVWZD
3ROVNL Z 7DEOLF]FH 0QRľHQLD .DUW\ ZF]HĝQLHM ]QDQH MDNR PDWHPDW\F]QH QDWXUDOQLH ]DF]ÛĄ\ SU]\MPRZDÉ
QD]ZÛ Ȍ.DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJRȋ
2U\JLQDOQDU\JLQDOQD V]DWD JUDȴF]QD .DUW VWZRU]RQD Z ODWDFK SR]RVWDĄD QLH]PLHQLRQD SR G]Lĝ G]LHĆ : VXPLH
2
$QGU]HMRZL *UDERZVNLHPX XGDĄR VLÛ VWZRU]\É URG]DMH NDUW 7DEOLF]ND PQRľHQLD 'RGDZDQLH
L RGHMPRZDQLH URN Z\GDQLD RUD] *U\ ORJLF]QH URN Z\GDQLD 6WZRU]\Ą RQ UµZQLHľ Z
URNX EÇF]ND PDWHPDW\F]QHJR 3LUXHW








.DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR .DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR
&HQWUDOD %LXUR Z 3R]QDQLX

XO %XGRZODQ\FK XO 'ÇEURZVNLHJR ::: .$57<*5$%2:6.Ζ(*2 3/
6]F]HFLQHN ΖΖ SLÛWUR SRNµM
1Ζ3 3R]QDĆ WHO _ LQIR#NDUW\JUDERZVNLHJR SO

6SUDZG]RQ\ VSRVµE QD QDXNÛ OLF]HQLD L WDEOLF]NL

PQRľHQLD SU]H] ]DEDZÛ





.DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR SRZVWDĄ\ SRQDG ODW WHPX Z URNX
Z Z\QLNX QLHFRG]LHQQHM VSRUWRZHM KLVWRULL 6WZRU]\Ą MH $QGU]HM 0RW\ZHP SU]HZRGQLP ZV]\VWNLFK .DUW *UDERZVNLHJR MHVW SRVWDÉ
*UDERZVNL WUHQHU OHNNLHM DWOHW\NL 1D SRF]ÇWNX ODW QD ZĄDVQHM SRP\VĄRGDZF\ $QGU]HMD *UDERZVNLHJR ZUD] ] EDZLÇF\PL VLÛ G]LHÉPL
VNµU]H RGF]XĄ SU]HPLDQ\ VSRĄHF]QR JRVSRGDUF]H Z 3ROVFH 3RPLPR
VXNFHVµZ ]H VZRLPL ]DZRGQLNDPL ]DSURSRQRZDQR PX SUDFÛ
Z NOXELH VSRUWRZ\P ]DȐ ]ĄRW\FK PLHVLÛF]QLH 0DMÇF SU]HG VREÇ
QLHSHZQÇ SU]\V]ĄRĝÉ DOH UµZQLHľ XNRĆF]RQH VWXGLD PDWHPDW\F]QH Ȃ
S .DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR 'RGDZDQLH L RGHMPRZDQLH
SRGMÇĄ SUDFÛ Z V]NROH SRGVWDZRZHM RGMÇĄ SUDFÛ Z V]NROH SRGVWDZRZHM
-Xľ QD SRF]ÇWNX SUDF\ $QGU]HM *UDERZVNL GR]QDĄ V]RNX ȌMDN WR
PRľOLZH ľHE\ G]LHFL Z NODVLH QLH ]QDĄ\ WDEOLF]NL PQRľHQLD" ȋ :WHG\ .DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR 'RGDZDQLH L RGHMPRZDQLH VÇ ]HVWDZHP JLHU HGXNDF\MQ\FK GOD G]LHFL NWµUH XF]Ç
DNW\ZQLH UR]ZLMDĄ VZRMÇ SRP\VĄRZRĝÉ ľHE\ SRPµF G]LHFLRP Z QDXFH GRGDZDQLD L RGHMPRZDQLD SU]H] ]DEDZÛ 2G SRQDG ODW SRPDJDMÇ G]LHFLRP Z FDĄHM 3ROVFH Z GRVNRQDOHQLX
WDEOLF]NL PQRľHQLD 3RF]ÇWNRZR RUJDQL]RZDĄ JU\ VSRUWRZH ] SLĄNDPL XPLHMÛWQRĝFL GRGDZDQLD L RGHMPRZDQLD =GRE\Ą\ RQH X]QDQLH ZĝUµG URG]LFµZ QDXF]\FLHOL L LQVW\WXFML
L U\ZDOL]DFMÇ ']LHFLRP VLÛ WR VSRGREDĄR 3RV]HGĄ R NURN GDOHM QD HGXNDF\MQ\FK
]Z\NĄ\FK NDUWRQLNDFK VWZRU]\Ą NDUW\ PDWHPDW\F]QH 5HDNFMD G]LHFL"
Ȍ7H NDUW\ VÇ ĝZLHWQH ȋ $QGU]HM *UDERZVNL : ]HVWDZX ZFKRG]Ç NDUW\ GXľH ] OLF]EDPL GľRNHU\ RUD] NDUW\ PDĄH ]H ]QDNDPL G]LDĄDĆ UµZQRĝFL QLHUµZQRĝFL RUD]
QDZLDVDPL V]DEORQ Ȍ*UDIȋ ']LÛNL NDUWRP PDĄ\P PDP\ PRľOLZRĝÉ WZRU]HQLD UµľQHJR W\SX UµZQDĆ L QLHUµZQRĝFL
Ζ : :V]\VWNLH JU\ RSLVDQH VÇ Z NVLÇľFH ] WHM VHULL 'R G\VSR]\FML MHVW JLHU *U\ RGSRZLHGQLH VÇ GR ]UHDOL]RZDQLD
ΖFKFK HQWX]MD]P L UDGRĝÉ GDĄ\ SRP\VĄRGDZF\ LPSXOV GR VWZRU]HQLD SURIHVMRQDOQ\FK NDUW L EOLVNR JLHU
3RP\VĄ RND]DĄ VLÛ VSRVREHP QD XWU]\PDQLH URG]LQ\ Z QLHSHZQ\FK F]DVDFK FKRÉ QLH E\ĄR WR SURVWH Z SU]HGV]NROX V]NROH SRGVWDZRZHM RUD] Z GRPX
3RF]ÇWNRZR $QGU]HM *UDERZVNL ZUD] ] ľRQÇ %RľHQÇ VWDUDOL VLÛ GRFLHUDÉ WHOHIRQLF]QLH GR V]NµĄ
0RPHQWHP SU]HĄRPRZ\P E\ĄR SRSDUFLH 0LQLVWHUVWZD (GXNDFML 1DURGRZHM GOD .DUW 7DEOLF]ND
PQRľHQLD L SU]\]QDQLH LP UHNRPHQGDFML 3µļQLHM ]RUJDQL]RZDQR Z 6]F]HFLQNX SLHUZV]H 0LVWU]RVWZD
3ROVNL Z 7DEOLF]FH 0QRľHQLD .DUW\ ZF]HĝQLHM ]QDQH MDNR PDWHPDW\F]QH QDWXUDOQLH ]DF]ÛĄ\ SU]\MPRZDÉ
QD]ZÛ Ȍ.DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJRȋ
2U\JLQDOQDU\JLQDOQD V]DWD JUDȴF]QD .DUW VWZRU]RQD Z ODWDFK SR]RVWDĄD QLH]PLHQLRQD SR G]Lĝ G]LHĆ : VXPLH
2
$QGU]HMRZL *UDERZVNLHPX XGDĄR VLÛ VWZRU]\É URG]DMH NDUW 7DEOLF]ND PQRľHQLD 'RGDZDQLH
L RGHMPRZDQLH URN Z\GDQLD RUD] *U\ ORJLF]QH URN Z\GDQLD 6WZRU]\Ą RQ UµZQLHľ Z
URNX EÇF]ND PDWHPDW\F]QHJR 3LUXHW








.DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR .DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR
&HQWUDOD %LXUR Z 3R]QDQLX

XO %XGRZODQ\FK XO 'ÇEURZVNLHJR ::: .$57<*5$%2:6.Ζ(*2 3/
6]F]HFLQHN ΖΖ SLÛWUR SRNµM
1Ζ3 3R]QDĆ WHO _ LQIR#NDUW\JUDERZVNLHJR SO

.DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR *U\ ORJLF]QH %ÇF]HN PDWHPDW\F]Q\ 3LUXHW


.DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR *U\ ORJLF]QH SRPDJDMÇ QDXF]\É VLÛ SRGVWDZ %ÇF]HN PDWHPDW\F]Q\ 3LUXHW WR JUD HGXNDF\MQD GOD SU]HGV]NRODNµZ RUD] G]LHFL QDZHW GR URNX ľ\FLD
OLF]HQLD L ORJLF]QHJR P\ĝOHQLD Z WUDNFLH ]DEDZ\ 3U]\MD]QD G]LHFNX JUDȴND 2G ODW SRPDJD G]LHFLRP Z FDĄHM 3ROVFH Z GRVNRQDOHQLX OLF]HQLD RUD] ÉZLF]HQLX XPLHMÛWQRĝFL
L GRGDWNRZH UHNZL]\W\ Ȃ SDW\F]NL SLRQ\ L NRVWND Ȃ Z]EXG]DMÇ MHJR PDQXDOQ\FK
FLHNDZRĝÉ ']LHFNR FKÛWQLH XNĄDGD SDVMDQVH L DQJDľXMH VLÛ SRGF]DV JLHU ']LHFL NUÛFÇ EÇF]NLHP QDNĄDGDMÇ QD QLHJR SLHUĝFLHQLH L OLF]Ç MH %DUG]R V]\ENR ȌZFLÇJDMÇ VLÛȋ GR ]DEDZ\
NDUFLDQ\FK RUD] JLHU SODQV]RZ\FK ] NDUWDPL ']LHMH VLÛ WDN G]LÛNL SRĄÇF]HQLX G\QDPLNL UR]JU\ZNL ] FLHNDZ\PL Z]RUDPL QD SLHUĝFLHQLDFK NWµUH
: VNĄDG ]HVWDZX ZFKRG]Ç NDUW SDW\F]NL Z NRORUDFK NRVWND GR ZSUDZLRQH Z UXFK ]DFKZ\FDMÇ G]LHFNR
JU\ RUD] SLRQ\ *
*U\U\ ] EÇF]NLHP 3LUXHW VÇ ĝZLHWQÇ RND]MÇ GR ZVSµOQHM QDXNL L ]DEDZ\ GOD G]LHFL RUD] URG]LFµZ 5RG]LF PRľH
:V]\VWNLHV]\VWNLH JU\ RSLVDQH VÇ Z NVLÇľFH ] WHM VHULL 'R G\VSR]\FML MHVW JLHU
: NUÛFLÉ EÇF]NLHP D G]LHFNR QDNĄDGDÉ SLHUĝFLHQLH &LHNDZÇ SURSR]\FMÇ MHVW QDNĄDGDQLH SLHUĝFLHQL QD
*U\ RGSRZLHGQLH VÇ GR ]UHDOL]RZDQLD Z SU]HGV]NROX V]NROH SU]HPLDQ SU]H] RVRE\
SRGVWDZRZHM RUD] Z GRPX &R URNX JUXGQLD RG U RGE\ZDMÇ VLÛ 0LVWU]RVWZD 3ROVNL Z .UÛFHQLX %ÇF]NLHP 3LUXHW =DZRG\
RGE\ZDMÇ VLÛ Z V]NRĄDFK EÇGļ SU]HGV]NRODFK : WUDNFLH ]DZRGµZ G]LHFL VWDUDMÇ VLÛ QDU]XFLÉ QD EÇF]ND MDN
QDMZLÛFHM SLHUĝFLHQL .DľGD SODFµZND PRľH Z]LÇÉ XG]LDĄ Z WDNLFK ]DZRGDFK















.DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR 7DEOLF]ND PQRľHQLD :DUV]WDW\ GOD QDXF]\FLHOL



.DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR 7DEOLF]ND PQRľHQLD WR ]HVWDZ JLHU HGXNDF\MQ\FK =DSUDV]DP\ SODFµZNL HGXNDF\MQH GR RUJDQL]DFML ZDUV]WDWµZ ] Z\NRU]\VWDQLD .DUW *UDERZVNLHJR QD
OHNFMDFK RUD] ]DMÛFLDFK SR]DV]NROQ\FK :DUV]WDW\ QDVWDZLRQH VÇ QD SUDNW\NÛ ΖFK FHOHP MHVW ]DSR]QDQLH
GOD G]LHFL NWµUH XF]Ç WDEOLF]NL PQRľHQLD SU]H] ]DEDZÛ 2G ODW QDXF]\FLHOL SU]HGV]NROD HGXNDFML ZF]HVQRV]NROQHM L QDXF]\FLHOL PDWHPDW\NL ] .DUWDPL *UDERZVNLHJR L LFK
SRPDJDMÇ G]LHFLRP QD FDĄ\P ĝZLHFLH Z V]\ENLP MHM RSDQRZDQLX ZDORUDPL HGXNDF\MQ\PL .DľGD RVRED ELRUÇFD XG]LDĄ Z V]NROHQLX Z\QLHVLH ] QLHJR GXľR SUDNW\F]QHM
G]LHFLRP .DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR VÇ QD OLĝFLH UHNRPHQGRZDQ\FK ZLHG]\ SU]\GDWQHM GR UHDOL]DFML QD ]DMÛFLDFK
PDWHULDĄµZ G\GDNW\F]Q\FK 0LQLVWHUVWZD (GXNDFML 1DURGRZHM

: VNĄDG ]HVWDZX ZFKRG]Ç NDUW F]DUQ\FK ] LORF]\QDPL RUD] NDUW &]DV WUZDQLD ZDUV]WDWµZ JRG]LQ
F]HUZRQ\FK ] Z\QLNDPL &HQQLN

.DUW\DUW\ VÇ RGSRZLHGQLH ]DUµZQR GOD G]LHFL NWµUH ]DF]\QDMÇ QDXNÛ WDEOLF]NL
.
PQRľHQLD MDN L GOD W\FK NWµU]\ PDMÇ MXľ MÇ RSDQRZDQÇ 6WRSLHĆ WUXGQRĝFL JUXSD GR RVµE ]Ą EUXWWR
JLHU PRľQD GRVWRVRZDÉ GR XPLHMÛWQRĝFL L FKDUDNWHUX G]LHFND 'R JUXSD GR RVµE ]Ą EUXWWR
G\VSR]\FML PDP\ JU\ VSRNRMQH G\QDPLF]QH VWUDWHJLF]QH VSRUWRZH QD MHĝOL PLHMVFH ZDUV]WDWµZ RGE\ZD VLÛ Z RGOHJĄRĝFL ZLÛNV]HM QLľ NP RG 3R]QDQLD Ȃ GRSĄDWD GR
F]DV L ZLHOH LQQ\FK ZDUV]WDWµZ Z\QRVL ]Ą

:V]\VWNLH JU\ RSLVDQH VÇ Z NVLÇľNDFK ] WHM VHULL 'R G\VSR]\FML MHVW JLHU
*U\ RGSRZLHGQLH VÇ GR ]UHDOL]RZDQLD Z V]NROH SRGVWDZRZHM RUD] Z GRPX &HQD ]DZLHUD PDWHULDĄ\ GOD XF]HVWQLNµZ NRV]W\ GRMD]GX L HZHQWXDOQHJR
QRFOHJX .DľGD RVRED RWU]\PD WHF]NÛ ] SODQHP ZDUV]WDWµZ RSLVDPL GZµFK
JLHU NWµUH QLH ]QDMGXMÇ VLÛ Z NVLÇľNDFK RUD] GUREQH JDGľHW\ 3ODFµZND
HGXNDF\MQD RUJDQL]XMÇFD ZDUV]WDW\ RWU]\PD NRPSOHW ZV]\VWNLFK .DUW
*UDERZVNLHJR ZUD] ] NVLÇľNDPL RUD] EÇF]ND 3LUXHW










::: .$57<*5$%2:6.Ζ(*2 3/

WHO _ LQIR#NDUW\JUDERZVNLHJR SO

.DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR *U\ ORJLF]QH %ÇF]HN PDWHPDW\F]Q\ 3LUXHW


.DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR *U\ ORJLF]QH SRPDJDMÇ QDXF]\É VLÛ SRGVWDZ %ÇF]HN PDWHPDW\F]Q\ 3LUXHW WR JUD HGXNDF\MQD GOD SU]HGV]NRODNµZ RUD] G]LHFL QDZHW GR URNX ľ\FLD
OLF]HQLD L ORJLF]QHJR P\ĝOHQLD Z WUDNFLH ]DEDZ\ 3U]\MD]QD G]LHFNX JUDȴND 2G ODW SRPDJD G]LHFLRP Z FDĄHM 3ROVFH Z GRVNRQDOHQLX OLF]HQLD RUD] ÉZLF]HQLX XPLHMÛWQRĝFL
L GRGDWNRZH UHNZL]\W\ Ȃ SDW\F]NL SLRQ\ L NRVWND Ȃ Z]EXG]DMÇ MHJR PDQXDOQ\FK
FLHNDZRĝÉ ']LHFNR FKÛWQLH XNĄDGD SDVMDQVH L DQJDľXMH VLÛ SRGF]DV JLHU ']LHFL NUÛFÇ EÇF]NLHP QDNĄDGDMÇ QD QLHJR SLHUĝFLHQLH L OLF]Ç MH %DUG]R V]\ENR ȌZFLÇJDMÇ VLÛȋ GR ]DEDZ\
NDUFLDQ\FK RUD] JLHU SODQV]RZ\FK ] NDUWDPL ']LHMH VLÛ WDN G]LÛNL SRĄÇF]HQLX G\QDPLNL UR]JU\ZNL ] FLHNDZ\PL Z]RUDPL QD SLHUĝFLHQLDFK NWµUH
: VNĄDG ]HVWDZX ZFKRG]Ç NDUW SDW\F]NL Z NRORUDFK NRVWND GR ZSUDZLRQH Z UXFK ]DFKZ\FDMÇ G]LHFNR
JU\ RUD] SLRQ\ *
*U\U\ ] EÇF]NLHP 3LUXHW VÇ ĝZLHWQÇ RND]MÇ GR ZVSµOQHM QDXNL L ]DEDZ\ GOD G]LHFL RUD] URG]LFµZ 5RG]LF PRľH
:V]\VWNLHV]\VWNLH JU\ RSLVDQH VÇ Z NVLÇľFH ] WHM VHULL 'R G\VSR]\FML MHVW JLHU
: NUÛFLÉ EÇF]NLHP D G]LHFNR QDNĄDGDÉ SLHUĝFLHQLH &LHNDZÇ SURSR]\FMÇ MHVW QDNĄDGDQLH SLHUĝFLHQL QD
*U\ RGSRZLHGQLH VÇ GR ]UHDOL]RZDQLD Z SU]HGV]NROX V]NROH SU]HPLDQ SU]H] RVRE\
SRGVWDZRZHM RUD] Z GRPX &R URNX JUXGQLD RG U RGE\ZDMÇ VLÛ 0LVWU]RVWZD 3ROVNL Z .UÛFHQLX %ÇF]NLHP 3LUXHW =DZRG\
RGE\ZDMÇ VLÛ Z V]NRĄDFK EÇGļ SU]HGV]NRODFK : WUDNFLH ]DZRGµZ G]LHFL VWDUDMÇ VLÛ QDU]XFLÉ QD EÇF]ND MDN
QDMZLÛFHM SLHUĝFLHQL .DľGD SODFµZND PRľH Z]LÇÉ XG]LDĄ Z WDNLFK ]DZRGDFK















.DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR 7DEOLF]ND PQRľHQLD :DUV]WDW\ GOD QDXF]\FLHOL



.DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR 7DEOLF]ND PQRľHQLD WR ]HVWDZ JLHU HGXNDF\MQ\FK =DSUDV]DP\ SODFµZNL HGXNDF\MQH GR RUJDQL]DFML ZDUV]WDWµZ ] Z\NRU]\VWDQLD .DUW *UDERZVNLHJR QD
OHNFMDFK RUD] ]DMÛFLDFK SR]DV]NROQ\FK :DUV]WDW\ QDVWDZLRQH VÇ QD SUDNW\NÛ ΖFK FHOHP MHVW ]DSR]QDQLH
GOD G]LHFL NWµUH XF]Ç WDEOLF]NL PQRľHQLD SU]H] ]DEDZÛ 2G ODW QDXF]\FLHOL SU]HGV]NROD HGXNDFML ZF]HVQRV]NROQHM L QDXF]\FLHOL PDWHPDW\NL ] .DUWDPL *UDERZVNLHJR L LFK
SRPDJDMÇ G]LHFLRP QD FDĄ\P ĝZLHFLH Z V]\ENLP MHM RSDQRZDQLX ZDORUDPL HGXNDF\MQ\PL .DľGD RVRED ELRUÇFD XG]LDĄ Z V]NROHQLX Z\QLHVLH ] QLHJR GXľR SUDNW\F]QHM
G]LHFLRP .DUW\ *UDERZVNLHJR VÇ QD OLĝFLH UHNRPHQGRZDQ\FK ZLHG]\ SU]\GDWQHM GR UHDOL]DFML QD ]DMÛFLDFK
PDWHULDĄµZ G\GDNW\F]Q\FK 0LQLVWHUVWZD (GXNDFML 1DURGRZHM

: VNĄDG ]HVWDZX ZFKRG]Ç NDUW F]DUQ\FK ] LORF]\QDPL RUD] NDUW &]DV WUZDQLD ZDUV]WDWµZ JRG]LQ
F]HUZRQ\FK ] Z\QLNDPL &HQQLN

.DUW\DUW\ VÇ RGSRZLHGQLH ]DUµZQR GOD G]LHFL NWµUH ]DF]\QDMÇ QDXNÛ WDEOLF]NL
.
PQRľHQLD MDN L GOD W\FK NWµU]\ PDMÇ MXľ MÇ RSDQRZDQÇ 6WRSLHĆ WUXGQRĝFL JUXSD GR RVµE ]Ą EUXWWR
JLHU PRľQD GRVWRVRZDÉ GR XPLHMÛWQRĝFL L FKDUDNWHUX G]LHFND 'R JUXSD GR RVµE ]Ą EUXWWR
G\VSR]\FML PDP\ JU\ VSRNRMQH G\QDPLF]QH VWUDWHJLF]QH VSRUWRZH QD MHĝOL PLHMVFH ZDUV]WDWµZ RGE\ZD VLÛ Z RGOHJĄRĝFL ZLÛNV]HM QLľ NP RG 3R]QDQLD Ȃ GRSĄDWD GR
F]DV L ZLHOH LQQ\FK ZDUV]WDWµZ Z\QRVL ]Ą

:V]\VWNLH JU\ RSLVDQH VÇ Z NVLÇľNDFK ] WHM VHULL 'R G\VSR]\FML MHVW JLHU
*U\ RGSRZLHGQLH VÇ GR ]UHDOL]RZDQLD Z V]NROH SRGVWDZRZHM RUD] Z GRPX &HQD ]DZLHUD PDWHULDĄ\ GOD XF]HVWQLNµZ NRV]W\ GRMD]GX L HZHQWXDOQHJR
QRFOHJX .DľGD RVRED RWU]\PD WHF]NÛ ] SODQHP ZDUV]WDWµZ RSLVDPL GZµFK
JLHU NWµUH QLH ]QDMGXMÇ VLÛ Z NVLÇľNDFK RUD] GUREQH JDGľHW\ 3ODFµZND
HGXNDF\MQD RUJDQL]XMÇFD ZDUV]WDW\ RWU]\PD NRPSOHW ZV]\VWNLFK .DUW
*UDERZVNLHJR ZUD] ] NVLÇľNDPL RUD] EÇF]ND 3LUXHW










::: .$57<*5$%2:6.Ζ(*2 3/

WHO _ LQIR#NDUW\JUDERZVNLHJR SO


















Click to View FlipBook Version