The words you are searching are inside this book. To get more targeted content, please make full-text search by clicking here.
Discover the best professional documents and content resources in AnyFlip Document Base.
Search
Published by B&R, 2019-02-25 08:01:06

MP Malpiszon

ʶ˘˥˧ˬ˙˜˞ˢ˪˔ˡ˘ ˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˜

˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘

˗˟˔ ˗ˢˠˢ˪˘˚ˢ ˨κˬ˧˞˨ ˣ˥˭˘˭
˗˭˜˘˖˜ ˜ ˗ˢ˥ˢ˦·ˬ˖˛
































ʽʴʾ˂ˆʶʟ ˊˌ˃˅ʴʶ˂ˊˌˊʴˁʴ ˂ʷ ʤʨ ʿʴˇ
















ˀʴΆ˃ʼˆˍ˂ˁ ʴ˟˜ˡ˔ ʷ˔˥˜˕˔˭˔˥ˢˡ
˨˟ʡ Ά˘ˣ˞ˢ˪˦˞˜˘˚ˢ ʫʢʦʤʟ ʦʤʠʧʥʦ ʾ˥˔˞ͅ˪
˪˪˪ʡˠ˔˟ˣ˜˦˭ˢˡʡˣ˟

ʴ˞˥ˢ˕˔˧˔

˃˟˔˖ ˭˔˕˔˪ ʴ˞˥ˢ˕˔˧˔ ϛ ˝˘˦˧ ˪˜˘˟ˢ˙˨ˡ˞˖˝ˢˡ˔˟ˡˬˠ ˣ˟˔˖˘ˠ
˭˔˕˔˪ ˣ˥˭˘˪˜˗˭˜˔ˡˬˠ ˗ˢ ˠˢˡ˧˔κ˨ ˪ ˢ˚˥ͅ˗˞˔˖˛ʡ ʴ˞˥ˢ˕˔˧˔
ʷ˟˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ˣ˘·ˡˬ˖˛ ˘ˡ˘˥˚˜˜ ˜ ˣˢˠˬ˦·ͅ˪ ˝˘˦˧ ˪ˬˣˢ˦˔κˢˡˬ ˪ ˪˜˘˟˘ ˣ˥˭ˬ˥˭͗˗ͅ˪ ˗ˢ ͙˪˜˖˭˘Ήʟ ˗˭˜ͩ˞˜
˞˧ͅ˥ˬˠ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ˠ˔˝͗ ˠˢκ˟˜˪ˢΝ͙ ˥ˢ˭˪˜˝˔͙ ˞ˢˢ˥˗ˬˡ˔˖˝ͩ ˥˨˖˛ͅ˪ʟ
ˆ˞˟˘ˣ ˀʴΆ˃ʼˆˍ˂ˁʡˣ˟ ˣˢ˪˦˧˔· ˭ ˠˬΝ˟͗ ˢ ˗˭˜˘˖˜˔˖˛ ˭ ˡ˜˘˦ˣˢκˬ˧ˬˠ ˭˔ˣ˔˦˘ˠ ˘ˡ˘˥˚˜˜ ˜ ˭ ˠˬΝ˟͗
˦˜·ͩ ˜ ˦ˣ˥˔˪ˡˢΝ͙ ˙˜˭ˬ˖˭ˡ͗ʟ ˝˔˞ ˥ͅ˪ˡ˜˘κ ˭˪ˬ˖˭˔˝ˡ˜˘ ˪˘˦ˢ·ˢ
ˢ ˥ˢ˗˭˜˖˔˖˛ Ν˪˜˔˗ˢˠˬ˖˛ ˦˪ˢ˝˘˝ ˥ˢ˟˜ ˪ ˣ˥˭ˬ˦˪˔˝˔ˡ˜˨ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ˢˠ ˭˗˥ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˡ˔˪ˬ˞ͅ˪ ˝˨κ ˢ˗
˦ˣͩ˗˭˔͙ ˖˭˔˦ ˡ˔ Ν˪˜˘κˬˠ ˣˢ˪˜˘˧˥˭˨ʡ ˍ ˧˔˞˜ˠ ˭˘˦˧˔˪˘ˠ
˪˖˭˘˦ˡˬ˖˛ ˟˔˧ ˭ˬ˖˜˔ʡ
˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˘˞ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡˬ˖˛ ˜ ˔˞˖˘˦ˢ˥˜ͅ˪ ˦ˣˢ˥˧ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˞˔κ˗˘
˗˭˜˘˖˞ˢ˭˜˘˖˞ˢ ˭ˠ˜˘ˡ˜ ˦˜ͩ ˪ ˣ˥˔˪˗˭˜˪˘˚ˢ ˔˞˥ˢ˕˔˧ͩ ˭˔˟˘˗˪˜˘ ˪
ˇˬ˟˞ˢ ˪ˬ˕˥˔ˡˬ ˦ˣ˥˭ͩ˧ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˗
˖˜͗˚˨ ˝˘˗ˡ˘˚ˢ ˦˘˭ˢˡ˨ ˟˘˧ˡ˜˘˚ˢʔ
ʿ˔˧˔ ˗ˢΝ˪˜˔˗˖˭˘ˡ˜˔ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ ˣˢ˭˪ˢ˟˜·ˬ ˡ˔ˠ ˢ˖˘ˡ˜͙ ˡ˜˘˝˘˗ˡ˘˚ˢ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˖˘ˡ˧˔ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ͅ˪
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʥ ʣʣʣʟʣʣ ˭·
˦ˣˢ˥˧ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˗˟˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ˜ ˪ˬ˕˥˔͙ ˗ˢ ˦˪ˢ˝˘˝ ˢ˙˘˥˧ˬ ˧ˬ˟˞ˢ ˧˘ ˔˥˧ˬ˞˨·ˬʟ ˞˧ͅ˥ˬ˖˛ ˝˔˞ˢΝ͙ ˪ˬ˞ˢˡ˔ʠ
ˡ˜˔ ˭˔˗ˢ˪ˢ˟˜·˔˕ˬ ˡ˔˦ ˦˔ˠˬ˖˛ ˜ ˡ˔˦˭˘ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ˝˔˞ˢ ˞ˢˡ˦˨ˠ˘ˡ˧ͅ˪ʡ

ˊ˦ˣ˔˥˖˜˘ ˗˟˔ ˜ˡ˜˖˝˔˧ˬ˪ ˦ˣˢ˥˧ˢ˪ˬ˖˛
ʽ˔˞ˢ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ͩ˖ˬ ˦˞˟˘ˣ ˦ˣˢ˥˧ˢ˪ˬ ˖˜͗˚˟˘ ˪˦ˣ˜˘˥˔ˠˬ ˔˞˧ˬ˪ˡˢΝ͙ ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭˔˖˝˜ ˜ ˕˟ˢ˚˘˥ͅ˪
ˠ˔˝͗˖˘ ˡ˔ ˖˘˟˨ ˣ˥ˢˣ˔˚ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˭˗˥ˢ˪˘˚ˢ ˧˥ˬ˕˨ κˬ˖˜˔ ˜ ˨ˣ˥˔˪˜˔ˡ˜˔ ˦ˣˢ˥˧˨ʡ
ˀ˔˧˘˥˔˖ ʤʨʣ˫ʤʣʣ˫ʤʣ
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʦʨʣʟʣʣ ˭· ϛ ʦʬʩʟʣʣ ˭·

ʷ˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˔ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˔ ʾˢˠ˘˧˔ ʨ
ʷ˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˔ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˔ ʾˢˠ˘˧˔ʠʨ ˝˘˦˧ ˕˘˦˧˦˘˟˟˘˥˘ˠ ˪Ν˥ͅ˗
˥ˢ˭ˣˢ˥ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˭˘˦˧˔˪ͅ˪ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡˬ˖˛ʡ ʷ˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˔ ˭˔˝ˠ˨˝˘
ˠ˜ˡ˜ˠ˨ˠ ˠ˜˘˝˦˖˔ ˪ ˣˢ˞ˢ˝˨ʟ ˔ ˦ˬ˦˧˘ˠ ˥ˢ˭ˣˢ˥ˢ˪ˬ ˣˢ˭˪˔˟˔
ˡ˔ ˠˢˡ˧˔κ ˕˘˭ κ˔˗ˡ˘˚ˢ ˨˦˭˖˭˘˥˕˞˨ ˗˟˔ Ν˖˜˔ˡʡ ʾˢˠ˘˧˔ʠʨ
ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔ ˗˥͗κ˘˞ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡˬ ˠˢˡ˧ˢ˪˔ˡˬ ˡ˜˘˭˔˟˘κˡ˜˘ ˢ˗
˖˔·˘˝ ˞ˢˡ˦˧˥˨˞˖˝˜ ˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˜ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘˝ ˜ ˠˢκ˘ ˭ˢ˦˧˔͙
˨ˠ˜˘˦˭˖˭ˢˡˬ ˡ˔ ˗ˢ˪ˢ˟ˡ˘˝ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˜ʟ ˔ ˪˥˔˭ ˭ ˡ˜ˠ
˥ͅ˪ˡ˜˘κͅ˪ˡ˜˘κ ˔˞˖˘˦ˢ˥˜˔ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘ ˗ˢ·͗˖˭ˢˡ˘ ˪ ˪ˬˣˢ˦˔κ˘ˡ˜˨
˥
˗ˢ ˭˘˦˧˔˪˨ʭ ˞ͅ·˞˔ʟ ˟˜ˡ˔ ˜ ˧˥˔ˣ˘˭ʡ ʺͅ˥ˡ˔ ˥˔ˠ˔ ˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˜ ˝˘˦˧
ʷ˅ʴʵʼˁʾʴ ʺʼˀˁʴˆˇˌʶˍˁʴ ʠ
˭ˢˣ˧ˬˠ˔˟˜˭ˢ˪˔ˡ˔ʟ ˖ˢ ˣˢ˭˪˔˟˔ ˭˔ˠˢˡ˧ˢ˪˔͙ ˝͗ ˠ˔˞˦ˬˠ˔˟ˡ˜˘
˕˟˜˦˞ˢ Ν˖˜˔ˡˬ ˕ˢ˖˭ˡ˘˝ ˜ ˢ˦˭˖˭ͩ˗˭˜͙ ˣˢ˪˜˘˥˭˖˛ˡ˜ͩ ˪ ˣˢ˞ˢ˝˨ʡ ʷʿʴʶˍʸʺ˂ ˀ˂ˁˇˈʽʸˀˌ ʽ͗ ˊ ʷ˂ˀˈʲ
ϥ ˃˅ˍˌʺ˂ˇ˂ˊˈʽʸ ʷ˂ ˊʠʹ
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʤ ʣʬʬʟʣʣ ˭·
ϥ ˅˂ˍˊʼʽʴ ʾ˂˂˅ʷˌˁʴʶʽͨ
ϥ ˍʴ˃˂ʵʼʸʺʴ ˊʴʷ˂ˀ ˃˂ˆˇʴˊˌ
ϥ ˃˂ˀʴʺʴ ˅˂ˍˊʼʽʴ͘ ˇʴʿʸˁˇˌ
ϥ ˆʾˈˇʸʶˍˁʼʸ ˍˊʴʿʶˍʴ ˁˈʷͨ
ʷ˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˔ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˔ ʾˢˠ˘˧˔ ˁ˘˫˧ ʤ
ϥ ˊˌʾˆˍˇʴΆʶʴ ʷ˂ʵ˅ʸ ˁʴˊˌʾʼ
ϥ ˍʴˆˇͨ˃ˈʽʸ ˃ʿʴʶ ˍʴʵʴˊ
ʾˢˠ˘˧˔ ˁ˘˫˧ʠʤ ˝˘˦˧ ˞˟˔˦ˬ˖˭ˡ͗ ˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞͗ ˠˢˡ˧ˢ˪˔ˡ͗ ϥ
ˣ˥˭ˬΝ˖˜˘ˡˡ˜˘ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˔ ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔ ˭˔˥ͅ˪ˡˢ ˥˘˚˨˟ˢ˪˔ˡˬ ˗˥͗κ˘˞ ϥ ˃˂˃˅ʴˊʼʴ ʾ˂ˁʷˌʶʽͨ
˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡˬʟ ˝˔˞ ˥ͅ˪ˡ˜˘κ ˠˢκ˟˜˪ˢΝ͙ ˥˘˚˨˟ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˔ ˡ˔ ˝˔˞˜˘˝
ϥ ˍʴʶʻͨʶʴ ʷ˂ ˆ˃˂˅ˇˈ
˪ˬ˦ˢ˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˠˢˡ˧˨˝˘ˠˬ ˥ͩ˞˔˪˞˜ ·͗˖˭͗˖˘ ˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞ͩ ˭˘ Ν˖˜˔ˡ͗
ϥ ˅˂ˍΆʴʷ˂ˊˈʽʸ ʸˁʸ˅ʺʼͨ
˕ˢ˖˭ˡ͗ʡ ʷ˥͗κ˘˞ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˘˚ˢ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞ˢΝ͙ ˠˢκ˘ˠˬ ˥˘˚˨˟ˢ˪˔͙ʟ
ϥ ʽʸˆˇ ʷʿʴ ˊˆˍˌˆˇʾʼʶʻ
˥ˢΝˡ˜˘ ˪˥˔˭ ˭ ˗˭˜˘˖˞˜˘ˠʡ ˅˘˚˨˟ˢ˪˔ˡ˘ ˥ͩ˞˔˪˞˜ ˣˢ˭˪˔˟˔˝͗ʟ ˔˕ˬ
˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˔ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˔ ʾˢˠ˘˧˔ ˁ˘˫˧ʠʤ ˦˧˔ˡͩ·˔ ˡ˔˪˘˧ ˪ ϥ ˃˂ʵˈʷˍʴ ˊˌ˂ʵ˅ʴηˁʼͨ
˥ˢ˚˨ˢ˚˨ ˣˢ˞ˢ˝˨ʡ ʷ˭˜ͩ˞˜ ˧˘ˠ˨ ˥ˢ˭˪˜͗˭˔ˡ˜˨ ˠˢκˡ˔ ˧˘κ ˢˠ˜ˡ͙͗ ˥˨˥ˬ
˥ ϥ ˃˂ˀʴʺʴ ˊ ˊʴʿʶʸ ˍ ˁʴʷˊʴʺ͖
˖˭ˬ ˞˔˟ˢ˥ˬ˙˘˥ ˪ Ν˖˜˔ˡ˜˘ʟ ˔ ˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞ͩ ˭˔ˠˢˡ˧ˢ˪˔͙ ˡ˔ ˪˜˘˥˭˖˛ʡ
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʤ ʣʬʬʟʣʣ ˭· ˀʴΆ˃ʼˆˍ˂ˁ ʴ˟˜ˡ˔ ʷ˔˥˜˕˔˭˔˥ˢˡ
˨˟ʡ Ά˘ˣ˞ˢ˪˦˞˜˘˚ˢ ʫʢʦʤʟ ʦʤʠʧʥʦ ʾ˥˔˞ͅ˪
˪˪˪ʡˠ˔˟ˣ˜˦˭ˢˡʡˣ˟

ʴ˞˥ˢ˕˔˧˔

˃˟˔˖ ˭˔˕˔˪ ʴ˞˥ˢ˕˔˧˔ ϛ ˝˘˦˧ ˪˜˘˟ˢ˙˨ˡ˞˖˝ˢˡ˔˟ˡˬˠ ˣ˟˔˖˘ˠ
˭˔˕˔˪ ˣ˥˭˘˪˜˗˭˜˔ˡˬˠ ˗ˢ ˠˢˡ˧˔κ˨ ˪ ˢ˚˥ͅ˗˞˔˖˛ʡ ʴ˞˥ˢ˕˔˧˔
ʷ˟˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ˣ˘·ˡˬ˖˛ ˘ˡ˘˥˚˜˜ ˜ ˣˢˠˬ˦·ͅ˪ ˝˘˦˧ ˪ˬˣˢ˦˔κˢˡˬ ˪ ˪˜˘˟˘ ˣ˥˭ˬ˥˭͗˗ͅ˪ ˗ˢ ͙˪˜˖˭˘Ήʟ ˗˭˜ͩ˞˜
˞˧ͅ˥ˬˠ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ˠ˔˝͗ ˠˢκ˟˜˪ˢΝ͙ ˥ˢ˭˪˜˝˔͙ ˞ˢˢ˥˗ˬˡ˔˖˝ͩ ˥˨˖˛ͅ˪ʟ
ˆ˞˟˘ˣ ˀʴΆ˃ʼˆˍ˂ˁʡˣ˟ ˣˢ˪˦˧˔· ˭ ˠˬΝ˟͗ ˢ ˗˭˜˘˖˜˔˖˛ ˭ ˡ˜˘˦ˣˢκˬ˧ˬˠ ˭˔ˣ˔˦˘ˠ ˘ˡ˘˥˚˜˜ ˜ ˭ ˠˬΝ˟͗
˦˜·ͩ ˜ ˦ˣ˥˔˪ˡˢΝ͙ ˙˜˭ˬ˖˭ˡ͗ʟ ˝˔˞ ˥ͅ˪ˡ˜˘κ ˭˪ˬ˖˭˔˝ˡ˜˘ ˪˘˦ˢ·ˢ
ˢ ˥ˢ˗˭˜˖˔˖˛ Ν˪˜˔˗ˢˠˬ˖˛ ˦˪ˢ˝˘˝ ˥ˢ˟˜ ˪ ˣ˥˭ˬ˦˪˔˝˔ˡ˜˨ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ˢˠ ˭˗˥ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˡ˔˪ˬ˞ͅ˪ ˝˨κ ˢ˗
˦ˣͩ˗˭˔͙ ˖˭˔˦ ˡ˔ Ν˪˜˘κˬˠ ˣˢ˪˜˘˧˥˭˨ʡ ˍ ˧˔˞˜ˠ ˭˘˦˧˔˪˘ˠ
˪˖˭˘˦ˡˬ˖˛ ˟˔˧ ˭ˬ˖˜˔ʡ
˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˘˞ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡˬ˖˛ ˜ ˔˞˖˘˦ˢ˥˜ͅ˪ ˦ˣˢ˥˧ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˞˔κ˗˘
˗˭˜˘˖˞ˢ˭˜˘˖˞ˢ ˭ˠ˜˘ˡ˜ ˦˜ͩ ˪ ˣ˥˔˪˗˭˜˪˘˚ˢ ˔˞˥ˢ˕˔˧ͩ ˭˔˟˘˗˪˜˘ ˪
ˇˬ˟˞ˢ ˪ˬ˕˥˔ˡˬ ˦ˣ˥˭ͩ˧ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˗
˖˜͗˚˨ ˝˘˗ˡ˘˚ˢ ˦˘˭ˢˡ˨ ˟˘˧ˡ˜˘˚ˢʔ
ʿ˔˧˔ ˗ˢΝ˪˜˔˗˖˭˘ˡ˜˔ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ ˣˢ˭˪ˢ˟˜·ˬ ˡ˔ˠ ˢ˖˘ˡ˜͙ ˡ˜˘˝˘˗ˡ˘˚ˢ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˖˘ˡ˧˔ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ͅ˪
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʥ ʣʣʣʟʣʣ ˭·
˦ˣˢ˥˧ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˗˟˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ˜ ˪ˬ˕˥˔͙ ˗ˢ ˦˪ˢ˝˘˝ ˢ˙˘˥˧ˬ ˧ˬ˟˞ˢ ˧˘ ˔˥˧ˬ˞˨·ˬʟ ˞˧ͅ˥ˬ˖˛ ˝˔˞ˢΝ͙ ˪ˬ˞ˢˡ˔ʠ
ˡ˜˔ ˭˔˗ˢ˪ˢ˟˜·˔˕ˬ ˡ˔˦ ˦˔ˠˬ˖˛ ˜ ˡ˔˦˭˘ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ˝˔˞ˢ ˞ˢˡ˦˨ˠ˘ˡ˧ͅ˪ʡ

ˊ˦ˣ˔˥˖˜˘ ˗˟˔ ˜ˡ˜˖˝˔˧ˬ˪ ˦ˣˢ˥˧ˢ˪ˬ˖˛
ʽ˔˞ˢ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ͩ˖ˬ ˦˞˟˘ˣ ˦ˣˢ˥˧ˢ˪ˬ ˖˜͗˚˟˘ ˪˦ˣ˜˘˥˔ˠˬ ˔˞˧ˬ˪ˡˢΝ͙ ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭˔˖˝˜ ˜ ˕˟ˢ˚˘˥ͅ˪
ˠ˔˝͗˖˘ ˡ˔ ˖˘˟˨ ˣ˥ˢˣ˔˚ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˭˗˥ˢ˪˘˚ˢ ˧˥ˬ˕˨ κˬ˖˜˔ ˜ ˨ˣ˥˔˪˜˔ˡ˜˔ ˦ˣˢ˥˧˨ʡ
ˀ˔˧˘˥˔˖ ʤʨʣ˫ʤʣʣ˫ʤʣ
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʦʨʣʟʣʣ ˭· ϛ ʦʬʩʟʣʣ ˭·

ʷ˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˔ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˔ ʾˢˠ˘˧˔ ʨ
ʷ˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˔ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˔ ʾˢˠ˘˧˔ʠʨ ˝˘˦˧ ˕˘˦˧˦˘˟˟˘˥˘ˠ ˪Ν˥ͅ˗
˥ˢ˭ˣˢ˥ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˭˘˦˧˔˪ͅ˪ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡˬ˖˛ʡ ʷ˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˔ ˭˔˝ˠ˨˝˘
ˠ˜ˡ˜ˠ˨ˠ ˠ˜˘˝˦˖˔ ˪ ˣˢ˞ˢ˝˨ʟ ˔ ˦ˬ˦˧˘ˠ ˥ˢ˭ˣˢ˥ˢ˪ˬ ˣˢ˭˪˔˟˔
ˡ˔ ˠˢˡ˧˔κ ˕˘˭ κ˔˗ˡ˘˚ˢ ˨˦˭˖˭˘˥˕˞˨ ˗˟˔ Ν˖˜˔ˡʡ ʾˢˠ˘˧˔ʠʨ
ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔ ˗˥͗κ˘˞ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡˬ ˠˢˡ˧ˢ˪˔ˡˬ ˡ˜˘˭˔˟˘κˡ˜˘ ˢ˗
˖˔·˘˝ ˞ˢˡ˦˧˥˨˞˖˝˜ ˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˜ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘˝ ˜ ˠˢκ˘ ˭ˢ˦˧˔͙
˨ˠ˜˘˦˭˖˭ˢˡˬ ˡ˔ ˗ˢ˪ˢ˟ˡ˘˝ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˜ʟ ˔ ˪˥˔˭ ˭ ˡ˜ˠ
˥ͅ˪ˡ˜˘κͅ˪ˡ˜˘κ ˔˞˖˘˦ˢ˥˜˔ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘ ˗ˢ·͗˖˭ˢˡ˘ ˪ ˪ˬˣˢ˦˔κ˘ˡ˜˨
˥
˗ˢ ˭˘˦˧˔˪˨ʭ ˞ͅ·˞˔ʟ ˟˜ˡ˔ ˜ ˧˥˔ˣ˘˭ʡ ʺͅ˥ˡ˔ ˥˔ˠ˔ ˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˜ ˝˘˦˧
ʷ˅ʴʵʼˁʾʴ ʺʼˀˁʴˆˇˌʶˍˁʴ ʠ
˭ˢˣ˧ˬˠ˔˟˜˭ˢ˪˔ˡ˔ʟ ˖ˢ ˣˢ˭˪˔˟˔ ˭˔ˠˢˡ˧ˢ˪˔͙ ˝͗ ˠ˔˞˦ˬˠ˔˟ˡ˜˘
˕˟˜˦˞ˢ Ν˖˜˔ˡˬ ˕ˢ˖˭ˡ˘˝ ˜ ˢ˦˭˖˭ͩ˗˭˜͙ ˣˢ˪˜˘˥˭˖˛ˡ˜ͩ ˪ ˣˢ˞ˢ˝˨ʡ ʷʿʴʶˍʸʺ˂ ˀ˂ˁˇˈʽʸˀˌ ʽ͗ ˊ ʷ˂ˀˈʲ
ϥ ˃˅ˍˌʺ˂ˇ˂ˊˈʽʸ ʷ˂ ˊʠʹ
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʤ ʣʬʬʟʣʣ ˭·
ϥ ˅˂ˍˊʼʽʴ ʾ˂˂˅ʷˌˁʴʶʽͨ
ϥ ˍʴ˃˂ʵʼʸʺʴ ˊʴʷ˂ˀ ˃˂ˆˇʴˊˌ
ϥ ˃˂ˀʴʺʴ ˅˂ˍˊʼʽʴ͘ ˇʴʿʸˁˇˌ
ϥ ˆʾˈˇʸʶˍˁʼʸ ˍˊʴʿʶˍʴ ˁˈʷͨ
ʷ˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˔ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˔ ʾˢˠ˘˧˔ ˁ˘˫˧ ʤ
ϥ ˊˌʾˆˍˇʴΆʶʴ ʷ˂ʵ˅ʸ ˁʴˊˌʾʼ
ʾˢˠ˘˧˔ ˁ˘˫˧ʠʤ ˝˘˦˧ ˞˟˔˦ˬ˖˭ˡ͗ ˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞͗ ˠˢˡ˧ˢ˪˔ˡ͗ ϥ
ϥ ˍʴˆˇͨ˃ˈʽʸ ˃ʿʴʶ ˍʴʵʴˊ
ˣ˥˭ˬΝ˖˜˘ˡˡ˜˘ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˔ ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔ ˭˔˥ͅ˪ˡˢ ˥˘˚˨˟ˢ˪˔ˡˬ ˗˥͗κ˘˞ ϥ ˃˂˃˅ʴˊʼʴ ʾ˂ˁʷˌʶʽͨ
˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡˬʟ ˝˔˞ ˥ͅ˪ˡ˜˘κ ˠˢκ˟˜˪ˢΝ͙ ˥˘˚˨˟ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˔ ˡ˔ ˝˔˞˜˘˝
ϥ ˍʴʶʻͨʶʴ ʷ˂ ˆ˃˂˅ˇˈ
˪ˬ˦ˢ˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˠˢˡ˧˨˝˘ˠˬ ˥ͩ˞˔˪˞˜ ·͗˖˭͗˖˘ ˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞ͩ ˭˘ Ν˖˜˔ˡ͗
ϥ ˅˂ˍΆʴʷ˂ˊˈʽʸ ʸˁʸ˅ʺʼͨ
˕ˢ˖˭ˡ͗ʡ ʷ˥͗κ˘˞ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˘˚ˢ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞ˢΝ͙ ˠˢκ˘ˠˬ ˥˘˚˨˟ˢ˪˔͙ʟ
ϥ ʽʸˆˇ ʷʿʴ ˊˆˍˌˆˇʾʼʶʻ
˥ˢΝˡ˜˘ ˪˥˔˭ ˭ ˗˭˜˘˖˞˜˘ˠʡ ˅˘˚˨˟ˢ˪˔ˡ˘ ˥ͩ˞˔˪˞˜ ˣˢ˭˪˔˟˔˝͗ʟ ˔˕ˬ
˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞˔ ˚˜ˠˡ˔˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˔ ʾˢˠ˘˧˔ ˁ˘˫˧ʠʤ ˦˧˔ˡͩ·˔ ˡ˔˪˘˧ ˪ ϥ ˃˂ʵˈʷˍʴ ˊˌ˂ʵ˅ʴηˁʼͨ
˥ˢ˚˨ˢ˚˨ ˣˢ˞ˢ˝˨ʡ ʷ˭˜ͩ˞˜ ˧˘ˠ˨ ˥ˢ˭˪˜͗˭˔ˡ˜˨ ˠˢκˡ˔ ˧˘κ ˢˠ˜ˡ͙͗ ˥˨˥ˬ
˥ ϥ ˃˂ˀʴʺʴ ˊ ˊʴʿʶʸ ˍ ˁʴʷˊʴʺ͖
˖˭ˬ ˞˔˟ˢ˥ˬ˙˘˥ ˪ Ν˖˜˔ˡ˜˘ʟ ˔ ˗˥˔˕˜ˡ˞ͩ ˭˔ˠˢˡ˧ˢ˪˔͙ ˡ˔ ˪˜˘˥˭˖˛ʡ
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʤ ʣʬʬʟʣʣ ˭· ˀʴΆ˃ʼˆˍ˂ˁ ʴ˟˜ˡ˔ ʷ˔˥˜˕˔˭˔˥ˢˡ
˨˟ʡ Ά˘ˣ˞ˢ˪˦˞˜˘˚ˢ ʫʢʦʤʟ ʦʤʠʧʥʦ ʾ˥˔˞ͅ˪
˪˪˪ʡˠ˔˟ˣ˜˦˭ˢˡʡˣ˟





3°ñē Ñ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄȤ ÜüèôÄ ñçüôĖÄ»þÛļÑÄȩ



4ÑÄÜüèôÄ ã°÷ĖÄ ñôçÀþÜüē ñç÷Ñ°À°Û· ¼ÄôüēķÜ°ü øôçÀÜèđ ÀēÀ°Üüē¼Ėãē¼Ð Ė°Ýļ°ãē¼Ð Àç þęēüÜþ ÷ĖÜçÝãÄÎçȩ

ã°À°ãē ñôĖÄĖ 3ÑãÑ÷üô° ÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ 4°ôçÀçđÄÛ Ñ HñçôüþȮ

1DV]D RIHUWD WR SRPRFH G\GDNW\F]QH PDS\ V]NROQH PDS\ ǴFLHQQH SODQV]H HGXNDF\MQH SODQV]H MǗ]\NRZH WDEOLFH LQWHUDNW\ZQH

SURJUDP\ HGXNDF\MQH SRPRFH L JU\ SU]HGV]NROQH WDEOLFH G\GDNW\F]QH JOREXV\ RUD] ODPLQRZDQH PD’H IRUPDW\ SRGN’DGNL QD
ELXUNR :V]\VWNLH SODQV]H G\GDNW\F]QH L PDS\ Vnj REXVWURQQLH ODPLQRZDQH PDMnj G’XJnj Ȉ\ZRWQRǴǎ L ]DFKRZXMnj WUZD’RǴǎ NRORUyZ































































HL# . NE8 EL -ôē÷üÑ°ã -çâ°ãÀÄô

8Àôçđ·ę þÝȩ XÑÄÛ÷Ü° Ƶƻ Ȥ ƸƻɎƷƵƺ èô°ęÀęÄ
üÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƻƻ Ƹƺƻƻ ƷƼƼȤ âç»ÑÝȣ ʖƸƼ ƹƴƶ ƹƶƸ ƺƼƽ
đđđȮâ°ñē÷ĖÜçÝãÄȮñÝ

3°ñē Ñ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄȤ ÜüèôÄ ñçüôĖÄ»þÛļÑÄȩ



4ÑÄÜüèôÄ ã°÷ĖÄ ñôçÀþÜüē ñç÷Ñ°À°Û· ¼ÄôüēķÜ°ü øôçÀÜèđ ÀēÀ°Üüē¼Ėãē¼Ð Ė°Ýļ°ãē¼Ð Àç þęēüÜþ ÷ĖÜçÝãÄÎçȩ

ã°À°ãē ñôĖÄĖ 3ÑãÑ÷üô° ÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ 4°ôçÀçđÄÛ Ñ HñçôüþȮ

1DV]D RIHUWD WR SRPRFH G\GDNW\F]QH PDS\ V]NROQH PDS\ ǴFLHQQH SODQV]H HGXNDF\MQH SODQV]H MǗ]\NRZH WDEOLFH LQWHUDNW\ZQH

SURJUDP\ HGXNDF\MQH SRPRFH L JU\ SU]HGV]NROQH WDEOLFH G\GDNW\F]QH JOREXV\ RUD] ODPLQRZDQH PD’H IRUPDW\ SRGN’DGNL QD
ELXUNR :V]\VWNLH SODQV]H G\GDNW\F]QH L PDS\ Vnj REXVWURQQLH ODPLQRZDQH PDMnj G’XJnj Ȉ\ZRWQRǴǎ L ]DFKRZXMnj WUZD’RǴǎ NRORUyZ































































HL# . NE8 EL -ôē÷üÑ°ã -çâ°ãÀÄô

8Àôçđ·ę þÝȩ XÑÄÛ÷Ü° Ƶƻ Ȥ ƸƻɎƷƵƺ èô°ęÀęÄ
üÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƻƻ Ƹƺƻƻ ƷƼƼȤ âç»ÑÝȣ ʖƸƼ ƹƴƶ ƹƶƸ ƺƼƽ
đđđȮâ°ñē÷ĖÜçÝãÄȮñÝ

Μˊʼʴˇ ʷ˅ʸˊˁʼʴˁˌʶʻ ˍʴʵʴˊʸʾʡ

ˍ˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˪ˬ˞ˢˡ˔ˡ˘ ˭ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˔ʡ ʵ˘˭ˣ˜˘˖˭ˡ˘ ˗˟˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ʟ ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔˝͗˖˘
˖˘˥˧ˬ˙˜˞˔˧ˬ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˖˘ˡ˧ͅ˪ ˜ ˦ˣ˘·ˡ˜˔˝͗˖˘ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜˘ ˡˢ˥ˠˬʡ

ˁ˔˦˭˘ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ˬ ˖˘˖˛˨˝˘ ˦˧˔˥˔ˡˡˢΝ͙ ˪ˬ˞ˢˡ˔ˡ˜˔ ˜ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˔ ˘˦˧˘˧ˬ˞˔ʡ ˂˙˘˥˨˝˘ˠˬ ˃˔Ή˦˧˪˨
˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˠ˜ˡ˜ˠ˔˟˜˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘ ˪ ˞ˢ˟ˢ˥ˬ˦˧ˬ˖˘ ˣ˥˭ˬ˝˔˭ˡ˘˝ ˗˟˔ ˢ˞˔ ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˘ ˗ˢ˦˞ˢˡ˔˟˘ ˣˢ˕˨˗˭͗
ˡ˔˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˡ˔˝ˠ·ˢ˗˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˞˟˜˘ˡ˧ͅ˪ ˗ˢ ˣˢ˭ˡ˔˪˔ˡ˜˔ ˢ˧˔˖˭˔˝͗˖˘˚ˢ ˜˖˛ Ν˪˜˔˧˔ʡ

ʷˢ˗˔˧˞ˢ˪ˢ ˡ˔˦˭˘ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˥ˢ˭˪˜˝˔˝͗ ˭˗ˢ˟ˡˢΝ˖˜ ˠ˔ˡ˨˔˟ˡ˘ ʟ ˠˢ˧ˢ˥ˬ˖˭ˡ˘ ˜ ˨˖˭͗ ˞ˢˡ˖˘ˡ˧˥˔˖˝˜
˦͗ ˣˢˠˢ˖ˡ˘ ˪ ˡ˔˨˖˘ ˣ˜˦˔ˡ˜˔ ʟ ˟˜˖˭˘ˡ˜˔ ˜ ˖˭ˬ˧˔ˡ˜˔ʡ

ˊ ˊ ˡ˔˦˭˘˝ ˦˭˘˥ˢ˞˜˘˝ ˢ˙˘˥˖˜˘ ˭ˡ˔˝˗͗ ˃˔Ή˦˧˪ˢ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ˬ ˗˟˔ ˞˜˟˞˨ ˚˥˨ˣ ˪˜˘˞ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ʭ ˢ˗
ˡˢ˪ˢ˥ˢ˗˞˔ ˣ˥˭˘˭ ˢ˞˥˘˦ ˡ˜˘ˠˢ˪˟ͩ˖ˬ ˜ ˣ˥˭˘˗˦˭˞ˢ˟ˡˬ ˔κ ˗ˢ ˘˧˔ˣ˨ ˪˖˭˘˦ˡˢ˦˭˞ˢ˟ˡ˘˚ˢʡ
ʶˢ ˡ˔˟˘κˬ ˪˜˘˗˭˜˘͙ ˢ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˔˖˛ʲ

ˍ˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˪ˬ˞ˢˡ˔ˡ˘ ˭ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˔ ˖˛˔˥˔˞˧˘˥ˬ˭˨˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˪ˬ˝͗˧˞ˢ˪͗ ˧˥˪˔·ˢΝ˖˜͗ ˜ ˡ˜˘ ˭˔˪˜˘˥˔˝͗
˦˭˞ˢ˗˟˜˪ˬ˖˛ ˦˨˕˦˧˔ˡ˖˝˜ʡ ˇˢ ˕˔˥˗˭ˢ ˪˔κˡ˘ʟ ˦˭˖˭˘˚ͅ˟ˡ˜˘ ˪ ˣ˜˘˥˪˦˭ˬˠ ˢ˞˥˘˦˜˘ κˬ˖˜˔ʟ ˪ ˞˧ͅ˥ˬˠ
ˠ˔˟˨˖˛ˬ ˠ˔˝͗ ˧˘ˡ˗˘ˡ˖˝ͩ ˗ˢ ˪˞·˔˗˔ˡ˜˔ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜˘˚ˢ ˗ˢ ˕˨˭˜ʡ ˂˕˘˖ˡ˜˘ ˪ ˦˞˟˘ˣ˔˖˛ ˭ˡ˔˟˘θ͙
ˠˢκˡ˔ ˦˭˘˥ˢ˞͗ ˚˔ˠͩ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ ˪ˬ˞ˢˡ˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˭ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˔ʡ ˊ ˧˥˔˞˖˜˘ ˭˔˞˨ˣ˨ ˡ˔˝˟˘ˣ˜˘˝ ˞˜˘˥ˢ˪˔͙
˦˜ͩ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜͗ϛ ˧˔Ή˦˭˘ ˘˚˭˘ˠˣ˟˔˥˭˘ ˠˢ˚͗ ˠ˜˘͙ ˭˔˗˭˜ˢ˥ˬ ˢ˥˔˭ ˢ˦˧˥˘ ˞˥˔˪ͩ˗˭˜˘ʡ ˁ˔˟˘κˬ
ˣ˔ˠ˜ͩ˧˔͙ʟ κ˘ ˢ˗ˣˢ˪˜˘˗ˡ˜ˢ ˗ˢ˕˥˔ˡ˔ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˔ʟ ˧ˢ ˧˔˞˔ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˔ ˣ˘·ˡ˜ ˙˨ˡ˞˖˝ͩ ˣˢ˭ˡ˔˪˖˭͗ ˢ˥˔˭
˘˗˨˞˔˖ˬ˝ˡ͗ʟ ˔ ˗ˢ˗˔˧˞ˢ˪ˢ ˦ˣ˘·ˡ˜˔ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜˘ ˢ˕ˢ˪˜͗˭˨˝͗˖˘ ˡˢ˥ˠˬ ˕˘˭ˣ˜˘˖˭˘Ή˦˧˪˔ʡ
ˍ˔˕˔˪˞˜ʟ˔˕˔˪˞˜ʟ ˡ˔˪˘˧ ˧˘ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˘ʟ ˣˢ˪˜ˡˡˬ ˕ˬ͙ ˗ˢˣ˔˦ˢ˪˔ˡ˘ ˜ˡ˗ˬ˪˜˗˨˔˟ˡ˜˘ʟ ˪ ˭˔˟˘κˡˢΝ˖˜ ˢ˗
ˍ
˪˜˘˞˨ ˜ ˥ˢ˭˪ˢ˝˨ ˗˭˜˘˖˞˔ʡ ˁ˔˝˕˔˥˗˭˜˘˝ ˨ˡ˜˪˘˥˦˔˟ˡ͗ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ͗ ˭˔˕˔˪˞͗ʟ ˭ ˝˔˞͗ ˦ˣˢ˧˞˔˝͗ ˦˜ͩ
˃˔Ή˦˧˪ˢ ˪ ˦˞˟˘ˣ˔˖˛ʟ ˦͗ ˞˟ˢ˖˞˜ʡ

ʷ˟˔˖˭˘˚ˢ ˪˔˥˧ˢ ˞˨ˣˢ˪˔͙ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ˢˠ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˘ ˞˟ˢ˖˞˜ʲ
ʷ˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˘ ˞˟ˢ˖˞˜ ˢ˗˚˥ˬ˪˔˝͗ ˪˔κˡ͗ ˥ˢ˟ͩ ˪ ˥ˢ˭˪ˢ˝˨ ˙˜˭ˬ˖˭ˡˬˠ ˜ ˨ˠˬ˦·ˢ˪ˬˠ
ˠ˔˟˨˖˛˔ʡ ʷ˭˜ͩ˞˜ ˡ˜ˠ ˗˭˜˘˖˞ˢ ˕ͩ˗˭˜˘ ˠˢ˚·ˢ ˥ˢ˭˪˜˝˔͙ ˨ˠ˜˘˝ͩ˧ˡˢΝ˖˜
˦˔ˠˢ˗˭˜˘˟ˡ˘˚ˢ ˜ ˧˪ͅ˥˖˭˘˚ˢ ˠˬΝ˟˘ˡ˜˔ʡ ˃ˢ˗˖˭˔˦ ˭˔˕˔˪ˬ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡˬˠ˜
˞˟ˢ˖˞˔ˠ˜ ˠ˔˟˨˖˛ ˠ˨˦˜ ˪ˬ˞˔˭˔͙ ˦˜ͩ ˪ˬ˝͗˧˞ˢ˪͗ ˣ˥˘˖ˬ˭˝͗ ˥˨˖˛ˢ˪͗ʟ ˣˢˡ˜˘˪˔κ
ˡ˔˪˘˧ ˡ˔˝˗˥ˢ˕ˡ˜˘˝˦˭˘ ˭˔˪˔˛˔ˡ˜˘ ˗·ˢˡ˜ ˠˢκ˘ ˗ˢˣ˥ˢ˪˔˗˭˜͙ ˗ˢ ˥ˢ˭˦ˬˣ˔ˡ˜˔ ˖˔·˘˝
˞
˞ˢˡ˦˧˥˨˞˖˝˜ʡ ˊ˔˥˧ˢ ˥ͅ˪ˡ˜˘κ ˪˜˘˗˭˜˘͙ʟ κ˘ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˘ ˞˟ˢ˖˞˜ ˥ˢ˭˪˜˝˔˝͗ ˠˢ˧ˢ˥ˬ˞ͩʟ ˡ˔˪˘˧ ˡ˔ ˢˡ˦˧˥˨˞˖˝˜ʡ ˊ˔˥˧ˢ ˥ͅ˪ˡ˜˘κ ˪˜˘˗˭˜˘͙ʟ κ˘ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˘ ˞˟ˢ˖˞˜ ˥ˢ˭˪˜˝˔˝͗ ˠˢ˧ˢ˥ˬ˞ͩʟ ˡ˔˪˘˧ ˡ˔
˪˖˭˘˦ˡˬˠ ˘˧˔ˣ˜˘ ˡ˜˘ˠˢ˪˟ͩ˖ˬˠʟ ˞˜˘˗ˬ ˧ˢ ˦˔ˠ˘ ˭·˔ˣ˔ˡ˜˘ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˦˧˔ˡˢ˪˜ ˡ˜˘ ˟˔˗˔
˪ˬ˭˪˔ˡ˜˘ʡ ʷ˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˘ ˞˟ˢ˖˞˜ ˡ˜˘ ˠ˔˝͗ Ν˖˜Ν˟˘ ˢ˞˥˘Ν˟ˢˡˬ˖˛ ˙˨ˡ˞˖˝˜ʟ ˗˟˔˧˘˚ˢ ˣˢ˗˖˭˔˦ ˭˔˕˔˪ˬ
ˠˢ˚͗ ˕ˬ͙ ˗ˢ˦·ˢ˪ˡ˜˘ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜ˠ ʠ ˝˘˗ˬˡˬ ˢ˚˥˔ˡ˜˖˭ˡ˜˞ ˦˧˔ˡˢ˪˜ ˪ˬˢ˕˥˔θˡ˜˔ ˠ˔˟˨˖˛˔ʡ












ʷˈʷʼʷˈ
˨˟ʡ ˊ˜˔˥˨˦˔ ʧʧʢʦʤʟ ʦʥʠʣʫʪ ˍʼʸʿ˂ˁʾʼ
ˇ˘˟˘˙ˢˡʭ ʞʧʫ ʩʩʩ ʩʧʦ ʬʬʦ
˜ˡ˙ˢʳ˗˨˗˜˗˨ʡˣ˟
˪˪˪ʡ˗˨˗˜˗˨ʡˣ˟

Μˊʼʴˇ ʷ˅ʸˊˁʼʴˁˌʶʻ ˍʴʵʴˊʸʾʡ

ˍ˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˪ˬ˞ˢˡ˔ˡ˘ ˭ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˔ʡ ʵ˘˭ˣ˜˘˖˭ˡ˘ ˗˟˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ʟ ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔˝͗˖˘
˖˘˥˧ˬ˙˜˞˔˧ˬ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˖˘ˡ˧ͅ˪ ˜ ˦ˣ˘·ˡ˜˔˝͗˖˘ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜˘ ˡˢ˥ˠˬʡ

ˁ˔˦˭˘ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ˬ ˖˘˖˛˨˝˘ ˦˧˔˥˔ˡˡˢΝ͙ ˪ˬ˞ˢˡ˔ˡ˜˔ ˜ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˔ ˘˦˧˘˧ˬ˞˔ʡ ˂˙˘˥˨˝˘ˠˬ ˃˔Ή˦˧˪˨
˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˠ˜ˡ˜ˠ˔˟˜˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘ ˪ ˞ˢ˟ˢ˥ˬ˦˧ˬ˖˘ ˣ˥˭ˬ˝˔˭ˡ˘˝ ˗˟˔ ˢ˞˔ ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˘ ˗ˢ˦˞ˢˡ˔˟˘ ˣˢ˕˨˗˭͗
ˡ˔˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˡ˔˝ˠ·ˢ˗˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˞˟˜˘ˡ˧ͅ˪ ˗ˢ ˣˢ˭ˡ˔˪˔ˡ˜˔ ˢ˧˔˖˭˔˝͗˖˘˚ˢ ˜˖˛ Ν˪˜˔˧˔ʡ

ʷˢ˗˔˧˞ˢ˪ˢ ˡ˔˦˭˘ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˥ˢ˭˪˜˝˔˝͗ ˭˗ˢ˟ˡˢΝ˖˜ ˠ˔ˡ˨˔˟ˡ˘ ʟ ˠˢ˧ˢ˥ˬ˖˭ˡ˘ ˜ ˨˖˭͗ ˞ˢˡ˖˘ˡ˧˥˔˖˝˜
˦͗ ˣˢˠˢ˖ˡ˘ ˪ ˡ˔˨˖˘ ˣ˜˦˔ˡ˜˔ ʟ ˟˜˖˭˘ˡ˜˔ ˜ ˖˭ˬ˧˔ˡ˜˔ʡ

ˊ ˊ ˡ˔˦˭˘˝ ˦˭˘˥ˢ˞˜˘˝ ˢ˙˘˥˖˜˘ ˭ˡ˔˝˗͗ ˃˔Ή˦˧˪ˢ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ˬ ˗˟˔ ˞˜˟˞˨ ˚˥˨ˣ ˪˜˘˞ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ʭ ˢ˗
ˡˢ˪ˢ˥ˢ˗˞˔ ˣ˥˭˘˭ ˢ˞˥˘˦ ˡ˜˘ˠˢ˪˟ͩ˖ˬ ˜ ˣ˥˭˘˗˦˭˞ˢ˟ˡˬ ˔κ ˗ˢ ˘˧˔ˣ˨ ˪˖˭˘˦ˡˢ˦˭˞ˢ˟ˡ˘˚ˢʡ
ʶˢ ˡ˔˟˘κˬ ˪˜˘˗˭˜˘͙ ˢ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˔˖˛ʲ

ˍ˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˪ˬ˞ˢˡ˔ˡ˘ ˭ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˔ ˖˛˔˥˔˞˧˘˥ˬ˭˨˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˪ˬ˝͗˧˞ˢ˪͗ ˧˥˪˔·ˢΝ˖˜͗ ˜ ˡ˜˘ ˭˔˪˜˘˥˔˝͗
˦˭˞ˢ˗˟˜˪ˬ˖˛ ˦˨˕˦˧˔ˡ˖˝˜ʡ ˇˢ ˕˔˥˗˭ˢ ˪˔κˡ˘ʟ ˦˭˖˭˘˚ͅ˟ˡ˜˘ ˪ ˣ˜˘˥˪˦˭ˬˠ ˢ˞˥˘˦˜˘ κˬ˖˜˔ʟ ˪ ˞˧ͅ˥ˬˠ
ˠ˔˟˨˖˛ˬ ˠ˔˝͗ ˧˘ˡ˗˘ˡ˖˝ͩ ˗ˢ ˪˞·˔˗˔ˡ˜˔ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜˘˚ˢ ˗ˢ ˕˨˭˜ʡ ˂˕˘˖ˡ˜˘ ˪ ˦˞˟˘ˣ˔˖˛ ˭ˡ˔˟˘θ͙
ˠˢκˡ˔ ˦˭˘˥ˢ˞͗ ˚˔ˠͩ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ ˪ˬ˞ˢˡ˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˭ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˔ʡ ˊ ˧˥˔˞˖˜˘ ˭˔˞˨ˣ˨ ˡ˔˝˟˘ˣ˜˘˝ ˞˜˘˥ˢ˪˔͙
˦˜ͩ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜͗ϛ ˧˔Ή˦˭˘ ˘˚˭˘ˠˣ˟˔˥˭˘ ˠˢ˚͗ ˠ˜˘͙ ˭˔˗˭˜ˢ˥ˬ ˢ˥˔˭ ˢ˦˧˥˘ ˞˥˔˪ͩ˗˭˜˘ʡ ˁ˔˟˘κˬ
ˣ˔ˠ˜ͩ˧˔͙ʟ κ˘ ˢ˗ˣˢ˪˜˘˗ˡ˜ˢ ˗ˢ˕˥˔ˡ˔ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˔ʟ ˧ˢ ˧˔˞˔ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˔ ˣ˘·ˡ˜ ˙˨ˡ˞˖˝ͩ ˣˢ˭ˡ˔˪˖˭͗ ˢ˥˔˭
˘˗˨˞˔˖ˬ˝ˡ͗ʟ ˔ ˗ˢ˗˔˧˞ˢ˪ˢ ˦ˣ˘·ˡ˜˔ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜˘ ˢ˕ˢ˪˜͗˭˨˝͗˖˘ ˡˢ˥ˠˬ ˕˘˭ˣ˜˘˖˭˘Ή˦˧˪˔ʡ
ˍ˔˕˔˪˞˜ʟ˔˕˔˪˞˜ʟ ˡ˔˪˘˧ ˧˘ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˘ʟ ˣˢ˪˜ˡˡˬ ˕ˬ͙ ˗ˢˣ˔˦ˢ˪˔ˡ˘ ˜ˡ˗ˬ˪˜˗˨˔˟ˡ˜˘ʟ ˪ ˭˔˟˘κˡˢΝ˖˜ ˢ˗
ˍ
˪˜˘˞˨ ˜ ˥ˢ˭˪ˢ˝˨ ˗˭˜˘˖˞˔ʡ ˁ˔˝˕˔˥˗˭˜˘˝ ˨ˡ˜˪˘˥˦˔˟ˡ͗ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ͗ ˭˔˕˔˪˞͗ʟ ˭ ˝˔˞͗ ˦ˣˢ˧˞˔˝͗ ˦˜ͩ
˃˔Ή˦˧˪ˢ ˪ ˦˞˟˘ˣ˔˖˛ʟ ˦͗ ˞˟ˢ˖˞˜ʡ

ʷ˟˔˖˭˘˚ˢ ˪˔˥˧ˢ ˞˨ˣˢ˪˔͙ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ˢˠ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˘ ˞˟ˢ˖˞˜ʲ
ʷ˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˘ ˞˟ˢ˖˞˜ ˢ˗˚˥ˬ˪˔˝͗ ˪˔κˡ͗ ˥ˢ˟ͩ ˪ ˥ˢ˭˪ˢ˝˨ ˙˜˭ˬ˖˭ˡˬˠ ˜ ˨ˠˬ˦·ˢ˪ˬˠ
ˠ˔˟˨˖˛˔ʡ ʷ˭˜ͩ˞˜ ˡ˜ˠ ˗˭˜˘˖˞ˢ ˕ͩ˗˭˜˘ ˠˢ˚·ˢ ˥ˢ˭˪˜˝˔͙ ˨ˠ˜˘˝ͩ˧ˡˢΝ˖˜
˦˔ˠˢ˗˭˜˘˟ˡ˘˚ˢ ˜ ˧˪ͅ˥˖˭˘˚ˢ ˠˬΝ˟˘ˡ˜˔ʡ ˃ˢ˗˖˭˔˦ ˭˔˕˔˪ˬ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡˬˠ˜
˞˟ˢ˖˞˔ˠ˜ ˠ˔˟˨˖˛ ˠ˨˦˜ ˪ˬ˞˔˭˔͙ ˦˜ͩ ˪ˬ˝͗˧˞ˢ˪͗ ˣ˥˘˖ˬ˭˝͗ ˥˨˖˛ˢ˪͗ʟ ˣˢˡ˜˘˪˔κ
ˡ˔˪˘˧ ˡ˔˝˗˥ˢ˕ˡ˜˘˝˦˭˘ ˭˔˪˔˛˔ˡ˜˘ ˗·ˢˡ˜ ˠˢκ˘ ˗ˢˣ˥ˢ˪˔˗˭˜͙ ˗ˢ ˥ˢ˭˦ˬˣ˔ˡ˜˔ ˖˔·˘˝
˞
˞ˢˡ˦˧˥˨˞˖˝˜ʡ ˊ˔˥˧ˢ ˥ͅ˪ˡ˜˘κ ˪˜˘˗˭˜˘͙ʟ κ˘ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˘ ˞˟ˢ˖˞˜ ˥ˢ˭˪˜˝˔˝͗ ˠˢ˧ˢ˥ˬ˞ͩʟ ˡ˔˪˘˧ ˡ˔ ˢˡ˦˧˥˨˞˖˝˜ʡ ˊ˔˥˧ˢ ˥ͅ˪ˡ˜˘κ ˪˜˘˗˭˜˘͙ʟ κ˘ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˘ ˞˟ˢ˖˞˜ ˥ˢ˭˪˜˝˔˝͗ ˠˢ˧ˢ˥ˬ˞ͩʟ ˡ˔˪˘˧ ˡ˔
˪˖˭˘˦ˡˬˠ ˘˧˔ˣ˜˘ ˡ˜˘ˠˢ˪˟ͩ˖ˬˠʟ ˞˜˘˗ˬ ˧ˢ ˦˔ˠ˘ ˭·˔ˣ˔ˡ˜˘ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˦˧˔ˡˢ˪˜ ˡ˜˘ ˟˔˗˔
˪ˬ˭˪˔ˡ˜˘ʡ ʷ˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˘ ˞˟ˢ˖˞˜ ˡ˜˘ ˠ˔˝͗ Ν˖˜Ν˟˘ ˢ˞˥˘Ν˟ˢˡˬ˖˛ ˙˨ˡ˞˖˝˜ʟ ˗˟˔˧˘˚ˢ ˣˢ˗˖˭˔˦ ˭˔˕˔˪ˬ
ˠˢ˚͗ ˕ˬ͙ ˗ˢ˦·ˢ˪ˡ˜˘ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜ˠ ʠ ˝˘˗ˬˡˬ ˢ˚˥˔ˡ˜˖˭ˡ˜˞ ˦˧˔ˡˢ˪˜ ˪ˬˢ˕˥˔θˡ˜˔ ˠ˔˟˨˖˛˔ʡ












ʷˈʷʼʷˈ
˨˟ʡ ˊ˜˔˥˨˦˔ ʧʧʢʦʤʟ ʦʥʠʣʫʪ ˍʼʸʿ˂ˁʾʼ
ˇ˘˟˘˙ˢˡʭ ʞʧʫ ʩʩʩ ʩʧʦ ʬʬʦ
˜ˡ˙ˢʳ˗˨˗˜˗˨ʡˣ˟
˪˪˪ʡ˗˨˗˜˗˨ʡˣ˟

ĬÜŵÜ
Ř đĥ Ň
ĢĬò


ĬŔŵ
Ň
Ü Ř












ʹ˜˥ˠ˔ Ϣʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡ ʺ˥˔ˠˢ˪˦˖ˬ ˆˣʡʽʡ ˭ ˦˜˘˗˭˜˕͗ ˪ ʵ˨˞ˢ˪˖˨ ˪ˢ˝ʡ ˪˜˘˟˞ˢˣˢ˟˦˞˜˘
ˣˢ˪˦˧˔·˔ ˪ ʤʬʬʦ˥ʡ ʺˢ˦ˣˢ˗˔˥˨˝˘ ˡ˔ ʫʩʣ ˛˔ ˜ ˭˔˝ˠ˨˝ͩ ˦˜ͩ ˗˭˜˔·˔˟ˡˢΝ˖˜͗ ˪ ˭˔˞˥˘˦˜˘
ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖˝˜ ˥ˢΝ˟˜ˡˡ˘˝ ˜ ˭˪˜˘˥˭ͩ˖˘˝ʟ ˪ ˧ˬˠ ˛ˢ˗ˢ˪˟͗ ˞ͅ˭ʠ ˦˧˔˗ˢ ˣˢ˗˦˧˔˪ˢ˪˘ ˪ˬˡˢ˦˜
ˢ˕˘˖ˡ˜˘ ʥʣʣʣ ˦˭˧˨˞ʡ ˆˣͅ·˞˔ ˭˔˝ˠ˨˝˘ ˦˜ͩ ˦˞˨ˣ˘ˠ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢʟ ˝˘˚ˢ ˣ˥˭˘˧˪ͅ˥˦˧˪˘ˠ
˜ ˗ˬ˦˧˥ˬ˕˨˖˝͗ ˚ˢ˧ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ͅ˪ ˪ ˃ˢ˟˦˖˘ ˜ ˭˔ ˚˥˔ˡ˜˖͗ʡ ˊ ˖˭˘˥˪˖˨ ʥʣʣʩ ˣ˥˭ˬ
ˣˢˠˢ˖ˬ ˙˜ˡ˔ˡ˦ˢ˪˘˝ ˭ ˣ˥ˢ˚˥˔ˠ˨ ˆʴ˃ʴ˅ʷ ˭ˢ˦˧˔· ˢ˗˗˔ˡˬ ˗ˢ ˨κˬ˧˞˨ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡˬ
˭˔˞·˔˗ ˠ˟˘˖˭˔˥˦˞˜ʡ

Ϣ
Ϣʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡ ˝˘˦˧ ˝˘˗ˬˡˬˠ ˭˔˞·˔˗˘ˠ ˪ ˃ˢ˟˦˖˘ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˨˝͗˖ˬˠ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ˬ ˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡ˜˘
˭ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢʟ ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔˝͗˖ˬˠ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡˬ ˣ˔˥˞ ˠ˔˦˭ˬˡˢ˪ˬ ˢ˥˔˭ ʤʣʣʘ ˣˢ˟˦˞˜˘˚ˢ
˞˔ˣ˜˧˔·˨ʡ ˍ˔˞·˔˗ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡˬ ˖˔·˞ˢ˪˜˖˜˘ ˗ˢ˦˧ˢ˦ˢ˪˔ˡˬ ˝˘˦˧ ˗ˢ ˢ˕ˢ˪˜͗˭˨˝͗˖ˬ˖˛
˪ˬˠˢ˚ͅ˪ ˜ ˣ˥˭˘ˣ˜˦ͅ˪ ˈʸʟ ˣ˥˭˘˦˧˥˭˘˚˔ ˭˔˦˔˗ ˗ˢ˕˥˘˝ ˣ˥˔˞˧ˬ˞˜ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘˝ ˪˘
˪˗˥ˢκˢˡˬˠ ˦ˬ˦˧˘ˠ˜˘ ʻʴʶʶ˃ ˜ ʵ˅ʶʡ ˃˥ˢ˖˘˦ˬ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘ ˢˣ˜˘˥˔ ˡ˔ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡ˘˝
˧˘˖˛ˡ˜˖˘ ˜ ˡ˔˝ˡˢ˪˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚˜˔˖˛ʟ ˔ ˠ˟˘˞ˢ ˣ˥˭˘˭ˡ˔˖˭ˢˡ˘ ˗ˢ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖˝˜ ˝˘˦˧
ˡ˔˝˪ˬκ˦˭˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ʡ ˀ˜˦˝͗ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˝˘˦˧ ˦˧˔·˘ ˗͗κ˘ˡ˜˘ ˗ˢ ˨˧˥˭ˬˠ˔ˡ˜˔ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˚ˢ ˣˢ˭˜ˢˠ˨
˝
˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˢ˙˘˥ˢ˪˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ͅ˪ ˭ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢʟ ˖ˢ ˣ˥˭˘˞·˔˗˔ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˨˭ˡ˔ˡ˜˘
˞ˢˡ˦˨ˠ˘ˡ˧ͅ˪ʡ ʹ˜˥ˠ˔ ˪ˬ˖˛ˢ˗˭͗˖ ˡ˔ˣ˥˭˘˖˜˪ ˢ˖˭˘˞˜˪˔ˡ˜ˢˠ ˞ˢˡ˦˨ˠ˘ˡ˧ͅ˪
˪ˣ˥ˢ˪˔˗˭˔ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˘˞ ˡˢ˪˘ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ˬ

˭ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢ ˢ ˕˔˥˗˭ˢ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ʟ ˖ˢ ˚˪˔˥˔ˡ˧ˢ˪˔͙ ˠ˔ ˦˧˔˕˜˟ˡˢΝ͙
˦ˣ˥˭˘˗˔κˬ ˢ˥˔˭ ˨˧˥˭ˬˠ˔ˡ˜˘ ˠ˔˥˞˜ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˡ˔ ˧˥˨˗ˡˬˠ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ ˔˥˧ˬ˞˨·ͅ˪ ˦ˣˢκˬ˪˖˭ˬ˖˛ʡ
ˊ ˖˛˪˜˟˜ ˢ˕˘˖ˡ˘˝ ˠ˟˘˖˭˔˥ˡ˜˔ ˣ˥˭˘˥˔˕˜˔ ˢ˞ˢ·ˢ ʩ ˠ˟ˡ ˟˜˧˥ͅ˪ ˀ˟˘˞˔ʡ

Ϣʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡ ˘˞˦ˣˢ˥˧˨˝˘ ˦˪ˢ˝˘ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ˬ ˗ˢʭ ˁ˜˘ˠ˜˘˖ʟ ʶ˭˘˖˛ʟ ˆ·ˢ˪˔˖˝˜ʟ Άˢ˧˪ˬʟ ʿ˜˧˪ˬʟ
ʸ˦˧ˢˡ˜˜ʟ ʹ˜ˡ˟˔ˡ˗˜˜ʟ ˈ˞˥˔˜ˡˬʡ

Ƞȟȟʤ ĢĴŻđ÷ īĥ÷ĢĴ
















ʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆ ʺ˅ʴˀ˂ˊˆʶˌ ˆ˃ʡ ʽʡ ˊˊˊʡʷʴˁˀʼˆʡʶ˂ˀʡ˃ʿ
ʵ˨˞ˢ˪˜˘˖ ʦʧʟ ʩʧʠʫʦʧ ˊˬ˦˭ˬˡˬ ˗˔ˡˠ˜˦ʳ˗˔ˡˠ˜˦ʡ˖ˢˠʡˣ˟

ĬÜŵÜ
Ř đĥ Ň
ĢĬò


ĬŔŵ
Ň
Ü Ř












ʹ˜˥ˠ˔ Ϣʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡ ʺ˥˔ˠˢ˪˦˖ˬ ˆˣʡʽʡ ˭ ˦˜˘˗˭˜˕͗ ˪ ʵ˨˞ˢ˪˖˨ ˪ˢ˝ʡ ˪˜˘˟˞ˢˣˢ˟˦˞˜˘
ˣˢ˪˦˧˔·˔ ˪ ʤʬʬʦ˥ʡ ʺˢ˦ˣˢ˗˔˥˨˝˘ ˡ˔ ʫʩʣ ˛˔ ˜ ˭˔˝ˠ˨˝ͩ ˦˜ͩ ˗˭˜˔·˔˟ˡˢΝ˖˜͗ ˪ ˭˔˞˥˘˦˜˘
ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖˝˜ ˥ˢΝ˟˜ˡˡ˘˝ ˜ ˭˪˜˘˥˭ͩ˖˘˝ʟ ˪ ˧ˬˠ ˛ˢ˗ˢ˪˟͗ ˞ͅ˭ʠ ˦˧˔˗ˢ ˣˢ˗˦˧˔˪ˢ˪˘ ˪ˬˡˢ˦˜
ˢ˕˘˖ˡ˜˘ ʥʣʣʣ ˦˭˧˨˞ʡ ˆˣͅ·˞˔ ˭˔˝ˠ˨˝˘ ˦˜ͩ ˦˞˨ˣ˘ˠ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢʟ ˝˘˚ˢ ˣ˥˭˘˧˪ͅ˥˦˧˪˘ˠ
˜ ˗ˬ˦˧˥ˬ˕˨˖˝͗ ˚ˢ˧ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ͅ˪ ˪ ˃ˢ˟˦˖˘ ˜ ˭˔ ˚˥˔ˡ˜˖͗ʡ ˊ ˖˭˘˥˪˖˨ ʥʣʣʩ ˣ˥˭ˬ
ˣˢˠˢ˖ˬ ˙˜ˡ˔ˡ˦ˢ˪˘˝ ˭ ˣ˥ˢ˚˥˔ˠ˨ ˆʴ˃ʴ˅ʷ ˭ˢ˦˧˔· ˢ˗˗˔ˡˬ ˗ˢ ˨κˬ˧˞˨ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡˬ
˭˔˞·˔˗ ˠ˟˘˖˭˔˥˦˞˜ʡ

Ϣ
Ϣʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡ ˝˘˦˧ ˝˘˗ˬˡˬˠ ˭˔˞·˔˗˘ˠ ˪ ˃ˢ˟˦˖˘ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˨˝͗˖ˬˠ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ˬ ˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡ˜˘
˭ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢʟ ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔˝͗˖ˬˠ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡˬ ˣ˔˥˞ ˠ˔˦˭ˬˡˢ˪ˬ ˢ˥˔˭ ʤʣʣʘ ˣˢ˟˦˞˜˘˚ˢ
˞˔ˣ˜˧˔·˨ʡ ˍ˔˞·˔˗ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡˬ ˖˔·˞ˢ˪˜˖˜˘ ˗ˢ˦˧ˢ˦ˢ˪˔ˡˬ ˝˘˦˧ ˗ˢ ˢ˕ˢ˪˜͗˭˨˝͗˖ˬ˖˛
˪ˬˠˢ˚ͅ˪ ˜ ˣ˥˭˘ˣ˜˦ͅ˪ ˈʸʟ ˣ˥˭˘˦˧˥˭˘˚˔ ˭˔˦˔˗ ˗ˢ˕˥˘˝ ˣ˥˔˞˧ˬ˞˜ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘˝ ˪˘
˪˗˥ˢκˢˡˬˠ ˦ˬ˦˧˘ˠ˜˘ ʻʴʶʶ˃ ˜ ʵ˅ʶʡ ˃˥ˢ˖˘˦ˬ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘ ˢˣ˜˘˥˔ ˡ˔ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡ˘˝
˧˘˖˛ˡ˜˖˘ ˜ ˡ˔˝ˡˢ˪˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚˜˔˖˛ʟ ˔ ˠ˟˘˞ˢ ˣ˥˭˘˭ˡ˔˖˭ˢˡ˘ ˗ˢ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖˝˜ ˝˘˦˧
ˡ˔˝˪ˬκ˦˭˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ʡ ˀ˜˦˝͗ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˝˘˦˧ ˦˧˔·˘ ˗͗κ˘ˡ˜˘ ˗ˢ ˨˧˥˭ˬˠ˔ˡ˜˔ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˚ˢ ˣˢ˭˜ˢˠ˨
˝
˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˢ˙˘˥ˢ˪˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ͅ˪ ˭ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢʟ ˖ˢ ˣ˥˭˘˞·˔˗˔ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˨˭ˡ˔ˡ˜˘
˞ˢˡ˦˨ˠ˘ˡ˧ͅ˪ʡ ʹ˜˥ˠ˔ ˪ˬ˖˛ˢ˗˭͗˖ ˡ˔ˣ˥˭˘˖˜˪ ˢ˖˭˘˞˜˪˔ˡ˜ˢˠ ˞ˢˡ˦˨ˠ˘ˡ˧ͅ˪
˪ˣ˥ˢ˪˔˗˭˔ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˘˞ ˡˢ˪˘ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ˬ

˭ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢ ˢ ˕˔˥˗˭ˢ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ʟ ˖ˢ ˚˪˔˥˔ˡ˧ˢ˪˔͙ ˠ˔ ˦˧˔˕˜˟ˡˢΝ͙
˦ˣ˥˭˘˗˔κˬ ˢ˥˔˭ ˨˧˥˭ˬˠ˔ˡ˜˘ ˠ˔˥˞˜ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˡ˔ ˧˥˨˗ˡˬˠ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ ˔˥˧ˬ˞˨·ͅ˪ ˦ˣˢκˬ˪˖˭ˬ˖˛ʡ
ˊ ˖˛˪˜˟˜ ˢ˕˘˖ˡ˘˝ ˠ˟˘˖˭˔˥ˡ˜˔ ˣ˥˭˘˥˔˕˜˔ ˢ˞ˢ·ˢ ʩ ˠ˟ˡ ˟˜˧˥ͅ˪ ˀ˟˘˞˔ʡ

Ϣʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡ ˘˞˦ˣˢ˥˧˨˝˘ ˦˪ˢ˝˘ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ˬ ˗ˢʭ ˁ˜˘ˠ˜˘˖ʟ ʶ˭˘˖˛ʟ ˆ·ˢ˪˔˖˝˜ʟ Άˢ˧˪ˬʟ ʿ˜˧˪ˬʟ
ʸ˦˧ˢˡ˜˜ʟ ʹ˜ˡ˟˔ˡ˗˜˜ʟ ˈ˞˥˔˜ˡˬʡ

Ƞȟȟʤ ĢĴŻđ÷ īĥ÷ĢĴ
















ʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆ ʺ˅ʴˀ˂ˊˆʶˌ ˆ˃ʡ ʽʡ ˊˊˊʡʷʴˁˀʼˆʡʶ˂ˀʡ˃ʿ
ʵ˨˞ˢ˪˜˘˖ ʦʧʟ ʩʧʠʫʦʧ ˊˬ˦˭ˬˡˬ ˗˔ˡˠ˜˦ʳ˗˔ˡˠ˜˦ʡ˖ˢˠʡˣ˟

1DJURGÇ GOD QDV VÇ XĕPLHFKQLÛWH WZDU]H QDV]\FK &]\WHOQLNµZ




ˊˬ˗˔˪ˡ˜˖˧˪ˢ ˆʵˀ ˜˦˧ˡ˜˘˝˘ ˢ˗ ʥʣʣʧ ˥ˢ˞˨ʡ

ˀ˔ˠˬ ˣˢˡ˔˗ ʥʣʣ ˧ˬ˧˨·ͅ˪ ˭ ˡ˔˝˥ͅκˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˗˭˜˘˗˭˜ˡʡ ˆ͗ ˧ˢ ˞˦˜͗κ˞˜ ˭˔˥ͅ˪ˡˢ ˗˟˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ʟ ˝˔˞ ˜ ˗˟˔ ˗ˢ˥ˢ˦·ˬ˖˛ ˖˭ˬ˧˘˟ˡ˜˞ͅ˪ʡ

˂˙˘˥˧˔ ˦˞˜˘˥ˢ˪˔ˡ˔ ˗ˢ ˡ˔˝ˠ·ˢ˗˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˝˘˦˧ ˕˔˥˗˭ˢ ˥ͅκˡˢ˥ˢ˗ˡ˔ʡ ˆ˞·˔˗˔˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˡ˜͗ ˭˕˜ˢ˥ˬ ˕˔˝˘˞ʟ ˕˔Νˡ˜ʟ ˟˘˚˘ˡ˗ ˜ ˪˜˘˥˦˭ˬʟ
˔ ˧˔˞κ˘ ˘ˡ˖ˬ˞˟ˢˣ˘˗˜˘ ˜ ˞˦˜͗κ˞˜ ˘˗˨˞˔˖ˬ˝ˡ˘ ˗˟˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ˪ ˪˜˘˞˨ ˣ˥˭˘˗˦˭˞ˢ˟ˡˬˠ ˜ ˪˖˭˘˦ˡˢ˦˭˞ˢ˟ˡˬˠʡ

ʷˢ˥ˢ˦·ˬˠ ˖˭ˬ˧˘˟ˡ˜˞ˢˠ ˣˢ˟˘˖˔ˠˬ ˔˟˕˨ˠˬ ˞˥˔˝ˢ˭ˡ˔˪˖˭˘ ˜ ˧˘ˠ˔˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘ʟ ˣˢ˥˔˗ˡ˜˞˜ ˗ˢ˧ˬ˖˭͗˖˘ ˦˧ˬ˟˨ κˬ˖˜˔ ˜ ˢ˚˥ˢ˗ˡ˜˖˧˪˔ʟ
˞˦˜͗κ˞˜ ˞˨˟˜ˡ˔˥ˡ˘ʟ ˣ˥˭˘˪ˢ˗ˡ˜˞˜ ˧˨˥ˬ˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘ ˢ˥˔˭ ˔˧˟˔˦ˬ ˗˟˔ ˛ˢ˕˕ˬ˦˧ͅ˪ʡ


































































ˊˊˊʡˊˌʷʴˊˁʼʶˇˊ˂ˆʵˀʡ˃ʿ



ˆʵˀʳˊˌʷʴˊˁʼʶˇˊ˂ʠˆʵˀʡ˃ʿ

1DJURGÇ GOD QDV VÇ XĕPLHFKQLÛWH WZDU]H QDV]\FK &]\WHOQLNµZ




ˊˬ˗˔˪ˡ˜˖˧˪ˢ ˆʵˀ ˜˦˧ˡ˜˘˝˘ ˢ˗ ʥʣʣʧ ˥ˢ˞˨ʡ

ˀ˔ˠˬ ˣˢˡ˔˗ ʥʣʣ ˧ˬ˧˨·ͅ˪ ˭ ˡ˔˝˥ͅκˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˗˭˜˘˗˭˜ˡʡ ˆ͗ ˧ˢ ˞˦˜͗κ˞˜ ˭˔˥ͅ˪ˡˢ ˗˟˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ʟ ˝˔˞ ˜ ˗˟˔ ˗ˢ˥ˢ˦·ˬ˖˛ ˖˭ˬ˧˘˟ˡ˜˞ͅ˪ʡ

˂˙˘˥˧˔ ˦˞˜˘˥ˢ˪˔ˡ˔ ˗ˢ ˡ˔˝ˠ·ˢ˗˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˝˘˦˧ ˕˔˥˗˭ˢ ˥ͅκˡˢ˥ˢ˗ˡ˔ʡ ˆ˞·˔˗˔˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˡ˜͗ ˭˕˜ˢ˥ˬ ˕˔˝˘˞ʟ ˕˔Νˡ˜ʟ ˟˘˚˘ˡ˗ ˜ ˪˜˘˥˦˭ˬʟ
˔ ˧˔˞κ˘ ˘ˡ˖ˬ˞˟ˢˣ˘˗˜˘ ˜ ˞˦˜͗κ˞˜ ˘˗˨˞˔˖ˬ˝ˡ˘ ˗˟˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ˪ ˪˜˘˞˨ ˣ˥˭˘˗˦˭˞ˢ˟ˡˬˠ ˜ ˪˖˭˘˦ˡˢ˦˭˞ˢ˟ˡˬˠʡ

ʷˢ˥ˢ˦·ˬˠ ˖˭ˬ˧˘˟ˡ˜˞ˢˠ ˣˢ˟˘˖˔ˠˬ ˔˟˕˨ˠˬ ˞˥˔˝ˢ˭ˡ˔˪˖˭˘ ˜ ˧˘ˠ˔˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘ʟ ˣˢ˥˔˗ˡ˜˞˜ ˗ˢ˧ˬ˖˭͗˖˘ ˦˧ˬ˟˨ κˬ˖˜˔ ˜ ˢ˚˥ˢ˗ˡ˜˖˧˪˔ʟ
˞˦˜͗κ˞˜ ˞˨˟˜ˡ˔˥ˡ˘ʟ ˣ˥˭˘˪ˢ˗ˡ˜˞˜ ˧˨˥ˬ˦˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘ ˢ˥˔˭ ˔˧˟˔˦ˬ ˗˟˔ ˛ˢ˕˕ˬ˦˧ͅ˪ʡ


































































ˊˊˊʡˊˌʷʴˊˁʼʶˇˊ˂ˆʵˀʡ˃ʿ



ˆʵˀʳˊˌʷʴˊˁʼʶˇˊ˂ʠˆʵˀʡ˃ʿ





23$6.$ Ï:,(&Â&$ 52*, 5(1,)(5$


23$6.$ Ï:,(&Â&$ å 52*, 5(1,)(5$
5RJL SU]\PRFRZDQH VÃ GR SODVWLNRZHM RSDVNL NWµUD VWDELOQLH
XWU]\PXMH MH QD JÊRZLH :HZQÃWU] ]QDMGXMÃ VLÇ EDWHULH G]LÇNL
12:232:67$É$ +8572:1,$ '/$ 35=('6=.2/, F]HPX RSDVND MHVW JRWRZD GR X×\FLD

6=.•É $1,0$725•: (9(172:&•: .RORU F]HUZRQ\

]Ê ] 9$7
ZZZ +XUWRZQLD$QLPDWRUD SO WR Z\MÃWNRZ\ VNOHS LQWHUQHWRZ\ Z NWµU\P
]QDMG]LHV] DNFHVRULD QLH]EÇGQH GR SUDF\ 3HGDJRJD $QLPDWRUD (YHQWRZFD
+XUWRZQLD$QLPDWRUD SO SRVLDGD ERJDWÃ RIHUWÇ Z\VRNLHM MDNRÐFL DNFHVRULµZ .2/252:$1., ' å 12:< 75(1' 1$ 5<1.8

Z EDUG]R GREU\FK FHQDFK 0LÊD REVÊXJD V]\END Z\V\ÊND .5($7<:1<&+ =$%$:(.
=PDOXMP\ FRÐ NUHDW\ZQHJR .RORURZDQNL Z\ÊÃF]QLH GOD
QDMPÊRGV]\FK" $OH× VNÃG 2GNÃG QLH]Z\NÊÃ NDULHUÇ ]URELÊ\

5$%$78 NRORURZDQNL GOD GRURVÊ\FK QLNW MX× QLH PD ZÃWSOLZRÐFL ×H WD
IRUPD UR]U\ZNL MHVW GRVNRQDÊD GOD PDÊ\FK L GX×\FK

GR NRÌFD URNX QD ZV]\VNLH ]DPµZLHQLD SRZ ]Ê ]D SURGXNW\ ]Ê ] 9$7
Z NRV]\NX QLH ZOLF]DMÃF NRV]WµZ Z\V\ÊNL

KXUWRZQLDDQLPDWRUD SO











































WHO
ZZZ KXUWRZQLDDQLPDWRUD SO

ERN#KXUWRZQLDDQLPDWRUD SO

23$6.$ Ï:,(&Â&$ 52*, 5(1,)(5$


23$6.$ Ï:,(&Â&$ å 52*, 5(1,)(5$
5RJL SU]\PRFRZDQH VÃ GR SODVWLNRZHM RSDVNL NWµUD VWDELOQLH
XWU]\PXMH MH QD JÊRZLH :HZQÃWU] ]QDMGXMÃ VLÇ EDWHULH G]LÇNL
12:232:67$É$ +8572:1,$ '/$ 35=('6=.2/, F]HPX RSDVND MHVW JRWRZD GR X×\FLD

6=.•É $1,0$725•: (9(172:&•: .RORU F]HUZRQ\

]Ê ] 9$7
ZZZ +XUWRZQLD$QLPDWRUD SO WR Z\MÃWNRZ\ VNOHS LQWHUQHWRZ\ Z NWµU\P
]QDMG]LHV] DNFHVRULD QLH]EÇGQH GR SUDF\ 3HGDJRJD $QLPDWRUD (YHQWRZFD
+XUWRZQLD$QLPDWRUD SO SRVLDGD ERJDWÃ RIHUWÇ Z\VRNLHM MDNRÐFL DNFHVRULµZ .2/252:$1., ' å 12:< 75(1' 1$ 5<1.8

Z EDUG]R GREU\FK FHQDFK 0LÊD REVÊXJD V]\END Z\V\ÊND .5($7<:1<&+ =$%$:(.
=PDOXMP\ FRÐ NUHDW\ZQHJR .RORURZDQNL Z\ÊÃF]QLH GOD
QDMPÊRGV]\FK" $OH× VNÃG 2GNÃG QLH]Z\NÊÃ NDULHUÇ ]URELÊ\

5$%$78 NRORURZDQNL GOD GRURVÊ\FK QLNW MX× QLH PD ZÃWSOLZRÐFL ×H WD
IRUPD UR]U\ZNL MHVW GRVNRQDÊD GOD PDÊ\FK L GX×\FK

GR NRÌFD URNX QD ZV]\VNLH ]DPµZLHQLD SRZ ]Ê ]D SURGXNW\ ]Ê ] 9$7
Z NRV]\NX QLH ZOLF]DMÃF NRV]WµZ Z\V\ÊNL

KXUWRZQLDDQLPDWRUD SO











































WHO
ZZZ KXUWRZQLDDQLPDWRUD SO

ERN#KXUWRZQLDDQLPDWRUD SO

.ROHNFMH QDV]HJR REXZLD GRFHQLDQH VÆ QLH W\ONR Z 3ROVFH %XW\ G]LHFLØFH NW´UH SURGXNXMHP\ RUD] F]ØėFLHM ]QDMGXMÆ
X]QDQLH QD U\QNDFK ZLHOX HXURSHMVNLFK NUDM´Z 6WDUDQQH Z\NRQDQLH QRZRF]HVQH Z]RUQLFWZR D SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP
Z\JRGD L NRPIRUW GOD G]LHFND WR FHO QDV]HM ILUP\




)LUPD =(732/ ]DMPXMH VLØ SURGXNFMÆ WHNVW\OQHJR REXZLD GOD G]LHFL RG SUDZLH

GZXG]LHVWX ODW =GRE\WH SU]H] WHQ F]DV GRėZLDGF]HQLH SR]ZDOD ]DRIHURZDÈ 3DăVWZX REXZLH
G]LHFLØFH QDMZ\ĶV]HM MDNRėFL























3URMHNWRZDQH SU]H] VSHFMDOLVW´Z SR]ZDOD ]DSHZQLÈ NRPIRUW FKRG]HQLD D MHGQRF]HėQLH LFK
GHVLJQ MHVW SU]\MHPQ\ GOD RND : WURVFH R ]GURZLH G]LHFL SURSRQXMHP\ REXZLH ] ZNāDGNÆ
DNXSUHVXURZÆ L ZNāDGNÆ SIRULODNW\F]QÆ






=(732/ 35=<-$&,(/


'=,(&,×&<&+ 67”3



















3RVLDGDMÇF NLONXG]LHVLÙFLROHWQLH GRĘZLDGF]HQLH ĘPLDĂR PRķHP\ SRZLHG]LHÉ ķH QDV]H
REXZLH MHVW REHFQLH MHGQ\PL ] OHSV]\FK GRVWÙSQ\FK QD U\QNX




ZZZ ]HWSRO SO


]HWSRO#]HWSRO SO

3RF]HVQD N &]ÙVWRFKRZ\ XO 3RĂXGQLRZD
WHO ID[ WHO

.ROHNFMH QDV]HJR REXZLD GRFHQLDQH VÆ QLH W\ONR Z 3ROVFH %XW\ G]LHFLØFH NW´UH SURGXNXMHP\ RUD] F]ØėFLHM ]QDMGXMÆ
X]QDQLH QD U\QNDFK ZLHOX HXURSHMVNLFK NUDM´Z 6WDUDQQH Z\NRQDQLH QRZRF]HVQH Z]RUQLFWZR D SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP
Z\JRGD L NRPIRUW GOD G]LHFND WR FHO QDV]HM ILUP\




)LUPD =(732/ ]DMPXMH VLØ SURGXNFMÆ WHNVW\OQHJR REXZLD GOD G]LHFL RG SUDZLH

GZXG]LHVWX ODW =GRE\WH SU]H] WHQ F]DV GRėZLDGF]HQLH SR]ZDOD ]DRIHURZDÈ 3DăVWZX REXZLH
G]LHFLØFH QDMZ\ĶV]HM MDNRėFL























3URMHNWRZDQH SU]H] VSHFMDOLVW´Z SR]ZDOD ]DSHZQLÈ NRPIRUW FKRG]HQLD D MHGQRF]HėQLH LFK
GHVLJQ MHVW SU]\MHPQ\ GOD RND : WURVFH R ]GURZLH G]LHFL SURSRQXMHP\ REXZLH ] ZNāDGNÆ
DNXSUHVXURZÆ L ZNāDGNÆ SIRULODNW\F]QÆ






=(732/ 35=<-$&,(/


'=,(&,×&<&+ 67”3



















3RVLDGDMÇF NLONXG]LHVLÙFLROHWQLH GRĘZLDGF]HQLH ĘPLDĂR PRķHP\ SRZLHG]LHÉ ķH QDV]H
REXZLH MHVW REHFQLH MHGQ\PL ] OHSV]\FK GRVWÙSQ\FK QD U\QNX




ZZZ ]HWSRO SO


]HWSRO#]HWSRO SO

3RF]HVQD N &]ÙVWRFKRZ\ XO 3RĂXGQLRZD
WHO ID[ WHO

3°ñē Ñ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄȤ ÜüèôÄ ñçüôĖÄ»þÛļÑÄȩ



4ÑÄÜüèôÄ ã°÷ĖÄ ñôçÀþÜüē ñç÷Ñ°À°Û· ¼ÄôüēķÜ°ü øôçÀÜèđ ÀēÀ°Üüē¼Ėãē¼Ð Ė°Ýļ°ãē¼Ð Àç þęēüÜþ ÷ĖÜçÝãÄÎçȩ ã°À°ãē ñôĖÄĖ 3ÑãÑ÷üô° ÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ 4°ôçÀçđÄÛ Ñ HñçôüþȮ





B. 4H]



XēÀ°đãѼüđ° HL# . NE8 EL á·¼Ė·¼ üô°Àē¼ēÛãÄ Ñ ãçđç¼ĖÄ÷ãÄ ñçâç¼Ä
ÀēÀ°Üüē¼ĖãÄ Àç đ÷ñÑÄô°ãÑ° Ñããçđ°¼ēÛãē¼Ð Íçôâ Ü÷Ėü°á¼ÄãÑ° çÍÄôþÛÄ ñçã°À Ƶƴƴ
üēüþáèđ ñÝ°ã÷Ė ÄÀþÜ°¼ēÛãē¼Ð Ɏ ø¼ÑÄããē¼Ðȩ çΰüÄ đ üôÄø¼ÑȤ ç»ô°ĖēȤ đēÜôÄ÷ēȤ
÷¼ÐÄâ°üēȤ ½đѼĖÄãÑ° Ñ ÑãÍçôâ°¼ÛÄ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄ ÷· ¼Äããēâ ėôèÀáÄâ đÑÄÀĖē ÀÝ°
þ¼ĖãÑèđ ÷ĖÜèá ñçÀ÷ü°đçđē¼ÐȤ ÎÑâã°ĖÛèđ Ñ ÷ĖÜèá øôÄÀãѼÐȩ




3 BZ H]-8.4




XēÀ°đãѼüđ° HL# . NE8 EL đ ÷đçÛÄÛ çÍÄô¼ÑÄ
ñôçñçãþÛÄ ñçã°À ƽƴ üēüþáèđ â°ñ đ üēâ ÀĖÑ°á ÷ĖÜçÝãē
Ė â°ñ°âÑ ķĖē¼ĖãēâÑȤ ñçÝÑüē¼ĖãēâÑȣ IđÑ°ü°Ȥ þôçñēȤ
ÜçãüēãÄãüèđȤ ñ°ä÷üđ çô°Ė â°ñē ÀÝ° ķôâȣ ÀôçÎçđÄȤ
ÜçÀçđÄȤ çôΰãÑĖ°¼ēÛãÄȤ ñ°ãçô°âѼĖãÄ Ñ ÷°üÄÝÑü°ôãÄȩ




B838 BE] H]-8.4



4çđç¼ĖÄ÷ãÄ ¼ēÍôçđÄ ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ ã°ôĖÌÀĖÑ° Àç ã°þ¼Ė°ãÑ° ÀĖÑÄ¼Ñ đ đÑÄÜþ ñôĖÄÀ÷ĖÜçÝãēâ Ñ ÷ĖÜçÝãēâȤ ñôçÎô°âē
ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄȤ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄ Àç ÎÑÄô Ñ Ė°»°đȤ ÜÝç¼ÜÑ BçÝēÀôçãȤ çô°Ė üô°Àē¼ēÛãÄ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄ ø¼ÑÄããÄ Üçã¼ÄãüôþÛ· ÷ÑÌ ã°
đ÷ĖļÐ÷üôçããēâ ôçĖđçÛþ ç÷ç»çđçø¼Ñ ÀĖÑļܰȩ HüēâþÝþÛ· çãÄ ÝçÎѼĖãÄ âēøÝÄãÑÄȤ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ ÜçâþãÑÜ°¼ēÛãÄȤ
ñç÷üôĖÄΰãÑÄ çôÑÄãü°¼ÛÑ ñôĖÄ÷üôĖÄããÄÛ çô°Ė ôçĖđèÛ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ âçüçôē¼Ėãē¼Ðȩ X÷Ėē÷üÜÑÄ ñçâç¼Ä ÀēÀ°Üüē¼ĖãÄ
ñôçâçđ°ãÑ° ÄÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ Ñ þ¼ĖÄãÑ° ÷ÑÌ ñôĖÄĖ Ė°»°đÌ ÷· ĖÎçÀãÄ Ė ãçôâ°âÑ »ÄĖñÑļĖÄä÷üđ° NãÑÑ þôçñÄÛ÷ÜÑÄÛȩ




48X8I

3°ñ° øđÑ°ü° ÀÝ° ÀĖÑļÑ












HL# . NE8 EL -ôē÷üÑ°ã -çâ°ãÀÄô
8Àôçđ·ę þÝȩ XÑÄÛ÷Ü° Ƶƻ Ȥ ƸƻɎƷƵƺ èô°ęÀęÄ
üÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƻƻ Ƹƺƻƻ ƷƼƼȤ âç»ÑÝȣ ʖƸƼ ƹƴƶ ƹƶƸ ƺƼƽ
đđđȮâ°ñē÷ĖÜçÝãÄȮñÝ

3°ñē Ñ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄȤ ÜüèôÄ ñçüôĖÄ»þÛļÑÄȩ



4ÑÄÜüèôÄ ã°÷ĖÄ ñôçÀþÜüē ñç÷Ñ°À°Û· ¼ÄôüēķÜ°ü øôçÀÜèđ ÀēÀ°Üüē¼Ėãē¼Ð Ė°Ýļ°ãē¼Ð Àç þęēüÜþ ÷ĖÜçÝãÄÎçȩ ã°À°ãē ñôĖÄĖ 3ÑãÑ÷üô° ÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ 4°ôçÀçđÄÛ Ñ HñçôüþȮ





B. 4H]



XēÀ°đãѼüđ° HL# . NE8 EL á·¼Ė·¼ üô°Àē¼ēÛãÄ Ñ ãçđç¼ĖÄ÷ãÄ ñçâç¼Ä
ÀēÀ°Üüē¼ĖãÄ Àç đ÷ñÑÄô°ãÑ° Ñããçđ°¼ēÛãē¼Ð Íçôâ Ü÷Ėü°á¼ÄãÑ° çÍÄôþÛÄ ñçã°À Ƶƴƴ
üēüþáèđ ñÝ°ã÷Ė ÄÀþÜ°¼ēÛãē¼Ð Ɏ ø¼ÑÄããē¼Ðȩ çΰüÄ đ üôÄø¼ÑȤ ç»ô°ĖēȤ đēÜôÄ÷ēȤ
÷¼ÐÄâ°üēȤ ½đѼĖÄãÑ° Ñ ÑãÍçôâ°¼ÛÄ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄ ÷· ¼Äããēâ ėôèÀáÄâ đÑÄÀĖē ÀÝ°
þ¼ĖãÑèđ ÷ĖÜèá ñçÀ÷ü°đçđē¼ÐȤ ÎÑâã°ĖÛèđ Ñ ÷ĖÜèá øôÄÀãѼÐȩ




3 BZ H]-8.4




XēÀ°đãѼüđ° HL# . NE8 EL đ ÷đçÛÄÛ çÍÄô¼ÑÄ
ñôçñçãþÛÄ ñçã°À ƽƴ üēüþáèđ â°ñ đ üēâ ÀĖÑ°á ÷ĖÜçÝãē
Ė â°ñ°âÑ ķĖē¼ĖãēâÑȤ ñçÝÑüē¼ĖãēâÑȣ IđÑ°ü°Ȥ þôçñēȤ
ÜçãüēãÄãüèđȤ ñ°ä÷üđ çô°Ė â°ñē ÀÝ° ķôâȣ ÀôçÎçđÄȤ
ÜçÀçđÄȤ çôΰãÑĖ°¼ēÛãÄȤ ñ°ãçô°âѼĖãÄ Ñ ÷°üÄÝÑü°ôãÄȩ




B838 BE] H]-8.4



4çđç¼ĖÄ÷ãÄ ¼ēÍôçđÄ ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ ã°ôĖÌÀĖÑ° Àç ã°þ¼Ė°ãÑ° ÀĖÑÄ¼Ñ đ đÑÄÜþ ñôĖÄÀ÷ĖÜçÝãēâ Ñ ÷ĖÜçÝãēâȤ ñôçÎô°âē
ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄȤ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄ Àç ÎÑÄô Ñ Ė°»°đȤ ÜÝç¼ÜÑ BçÝēÀôçãȤ çô°Ė üô°Àē¼ēÛãÄ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄ ø¼ÑÄããÄ Üçã¼ÄãüôþÛ· ÷ÑÌ ã°
đ÷ĖļÐ÷üôçããēâ ôçĖđçÛþ ç÷ç»çđçø¼Ñ ÀĖÑļܰȩ HüēâþÝþÛ· çãÄ ÝçÎѼĖãÄ âēøÝÄãÑÄȤ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ ÜçâþãÑÜ°¼ēÛãÄȤ
ñç÷üôĖÄΰãÑÄ çôÑÄãü°¼ÛÑ ñôĖÄ÷üôĖÄããÄÛ çô°Ė ôçĖđèÛ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ âçüçôē¼Ėãē¼Ðȩ X÷Ėē÷üÜÑÄ ñçâç¼Ä ÀēÀ°Üüē¼ĖãÄ
ñôçâçđ°ãÑ° ÄÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ Ñ þ¼ĖÄãÑ° ÷ÑÌ ñôĖÄĖ Ė°»°đÌ ÷· ĖÎçÀãÄ Ė ãçôâ°âÑ »ÄĖñÑļĖÄä÷üđ° NãÑÑ þôçñÄÛ÷ÜÑÄÛȩ




48X8I

3°ñ° øđÑ°ü° ÀÝ° ÀĖÑļÑ












HL# . NE8 EL -ôē÷üÑ°ã -çâ°ãÀÄô
8Àôçđ·ę þÝȩ XÑÄÛ÷Ü° Ƶƻ Ȥ ƸƻɎƷƵƺ èô°ęÀęÄ
üÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƻƻ Ƹƺƻƻ ƷƼƼȤ âç»ÑÝȣ ʖƸƼ ƹƴƶ ƹƶƸ ƺƼƽ
đđđȮâ°ñē÷ĖÜçÝãÄȮñÝ

#4L E -LZX4 BE8 E 3Z N- Z,4



4çđç¼ĖÄ÷ãÄ ¼ēÍôçđÄ ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ ã°ôĖÌÀĖÑ° Àç ã°þ¼Ė°ãÑ° ÀĖÑÄ¼Ñ đ đÑÄÜþ ñôĖÄÀ÷ĖÜçÝãēâ Ñ ÷ĖÜçÝãēâȤ ñôçÎô°âē ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ
Üçã¼ÄãüôþÛ· ÷ÑÌ ã° đ÷ĖļÐ÷üôçããēâ ôçĖđçÛþ ç÷ç»çđçø¼Ñ ÀĖÑļܰȩ HüēâþÝþÛ· çãÄ ÝçÎѼĖãÄ âēøÝÄãÑÄȤ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ ÜçâþãÑÜ°¼ēÛãÄȤ
ñç÷üôĖÄΰãÑÄ çôÑÄãü°¼ÛÑ ñôĖÄ÷üôĖÄããÄÛ çô°Ė ôçĖđèÛ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ âçüçôē¼Ėãē¼Ðȩ X÷Ėē÷üÜÑÄ ñçâç¼Ä ÀēÀ°Üüē¼ĖãÄ ñôçâçđ°ãÑ°
ÄÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ Ñ þ¼ĖÄãÑ° ÷ÑÌ ñôĖÄĖ Ė°»°đÌ ÷· ĖÎçÀãÄ Ė ãçôâ°âÑ »ÄĖñÑļĖÄä÷üđ° NãÑÑ þôçñÄÛ÷ÜÑÄÛȩ




















L .# #4L E -LZX4 ȴ 3N.L#3 #




BçÀ â°ôÜ· HüÑÄÍÄÝ #ãüÄô°¼üÑĐÄ çÍÄôþÛÄâē ÜçâñÝÄÜ÷çđÄ ôçĖđÑ·Ė°ãÑ° ÀÝ° ÷ĖÜèá đÄ đÀô°ę°ãÑþ
ãçđç¼ĖÄ÷ãē¼Ð ÑãüÄô°Üüēđãē¼Ð Íçôâ ã°þ¼Ė°ãÑ° ôÄãçâçđ°ãē¼Ð ñôçÀþ¼Äãüèđȩ
8ÍÄôçđ°ãÄ ü°»ÝÑ¼Ä ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ üç ñçñþÝ°ôãÄ â°ôÜÑ D838 Ñ WL -Ȥ ÜôèüÜççÎãÑ÷ÜçđÄ
ñôçÛÄÜüçôē H 4Z8Ȥ "#L "# Ñ BH84Ȥ W#W#L ȩ 3çãü°ę ü°»ÝѼ ÑãüÄô°Üüēđãē¼Ð Ñ ñôçÛÄÜüçôèđ
çÍÄôþÛÄâē ã° ęē¼ĖÄãÑÄ ÜÝÑÄãü° đ ÷ē÷üÄâÑÄȣ 4 HL 2 Ȥ BE] HNX4Z .N 38 #.4Zȩ

4çđçø½ȫ

















.8 NHZ














HL# . NE8 EL -ôē÷üÑ°ã -çâ°ãÀÄô
8Àôçđ·ę þÝȩ XÑÄÛ÷Ü° Ƶƻ Ȥ ƸƻɎƷƵƺ èô°ęÀęÄ
üÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƻƻ Ƹƺƻƻ ƷƼƼȤ âç»ÑÝȣ ʖƸƼ ƹƴƶ ƹƶƸ ƺƼƽ
đđđȮâ°ñē÷ĖÜçÝãÄȮñÝ

#4L E -LZX4 BE8 E 3Z N- Z,4



4çđç¼ĖÄ÷ãÄ ¼ēÍôçđÄ ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ ã°ôĖÌÀĖÑ° Àç ã°þ¼Ė°ãÑ° ÀĖÑÄ¼Ñ đ đÑÄÜþ ñôĖÄÀ÷ĖÜçÝãēâ Ñ ÷ĖÜçÝãēâȤ ñôçÎô°âē ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ
Üçã¼ÄãüôþÛ· ÷ÑÌ ã° đ÷ĖļÐ÷üôçããēâ ôçĖđçÛþ ç÷ç»çđçø¼Ñ ÀĖÑļܰȩ HüēâþÝþÛ· çãÄ ÝçÎѼĖãÄ âēøÝÄãÑÄȤ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ ÜçâþãÑÜ°¼ēÛãÄȤ
ñç÷üôĖÄΰãÑÄ çôÑÄãü°¼ÛÑ ñôĖÄ÷üôĖÄããÄÛ çô°Ė ôçĖđèÛ þâÑÄÛÌüãçø¼Ñ âçüçôē¼Ėãē¼Ðȩ X÷Ėē÷üÜÑÄ ñçâç¼Ä ÀēÀ°Üüē¼ĖãÄ ñôçâçđ°ãÑ°
ÄÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ Ñ þ¼ĖÄãÑ° ÷ÑÌ ñôĖÄĖ Ė°»°đÌ ÷· ĖÎçÀãÄ Ė ãçôâ°âÑ »ÄĖñÑļĖÄä÷üđ° NãÑÑ þôçñÄÛ÷ÜÑÄÛȩ




















L .# #4L E -LZX4 ȴ 3N.L#3 #




BçÀ â°ôÜ· HüÑÄÍÄÝ #ãüÄô°¼üÑĐÄ çÍÄôþÛÄâē ÜçâñÝÄÜ÷çđÄ ôçĖđÑ·Ė°ãÑ° ÀÝ° ÷ĖÜèá đÄ đÀô°ę°ãÑþ
ãçđç¼ĖÄ÷ãē¼Ð ÑãüÄô°Üüēđãē¼Ð Íçôâ ã°þ¼Ė°ãÑ° ôÄãçâçđ°ãē¼Ð ñôçÀþ¼Äãüèđȩ
8ÍÄôçđ°ãÄ ü°»ÝÑ¼Ä ÑãüÄô°ÜüēđãÄ üç ñçñþÝ°ôãÄ â°ôÜÑ D838 Ñ WL -Ȥ ÜôèüÜççÎãÑ÷ÜçđÄ
ñôçÛÄÜüçôē H 4Z8Ȥ "#L "# Ñ BH84Ȥ W#W#L ȩ 3çãü°ę ü°»ÝѼ ÑãüÄô°Üüēđãē¼Ð Ñ ñôçÛÄÜüçôèđ
çÍÄôþÛÄâē ã° ęē¼ĖÄãÑÄ ÜÝÑÄãü° đ ÷ē÷üÄâÑÄȣ 4 HL 2 Ȥ BE] HNX4Z .N 38 #.4Zȩ

4çđçø½ȫ

















.8 NHZ














HL# . NE8 EL -ôē÷üÑ°ã -çâ°ãÀÄô
8Àôçđ·ę þÝȩ XÑÄÛ÷Ü° Ƶƻ Ȥ ƸƻɎƷƵƺ èô°ęÀęÄ
üÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƻƻ Ƹƺƻƻ ƷƼƼȤ âç»ÑÝȣ ʖƸƼ ƹƴƶ ƹƶƸ ƺƼƽ
đđđȮâ°ñē÷ĖÜçÝãÄȮñÝ

- HVWHÐP\ ĆUPà ]DMPXMÃFà VLÇ LQWHUQHWRZà VSU]HGD×à ]DEDZHN
L DNFHVRULµZ GOD G]LHFL

: QDV]HM RIHUFLH ]QDMGÃ 3DÌVWZR SURGXNW\ ]QDQH RUD] WH
GRSLHUR ]\VNXMÃFH SRSXODUQRÐÅ SU]H]QDF]RQH ]DUµZQR GOD
LQG\ZLGXDOQHJR NOLHQWD MDN L GOD SU]HGV]NROL ×ÊRENµZ
L NOXEµZ PDOXFKD

$E\ VSURVWDÅ RF]HNLZDQLRP NOLHQWµZ VWDOH SRV]HU]DP\ VZµM
$
DVRUW\PHQW 3U]\NÊDGDP\ V]F]HJµOQÃ XZDJÇ GR MDNRÐFL
SURGXNWµZ =DEDZNL VSU]HGDZDQH Z QDV]\P VNOHSLH SRVLDGDMÃ
ZV]\VWNLH Z\PDJDQH DWHVW\ L FHUW\ĆNDW\

=DFKÇFDP\ GR UHJXODUQHJR RGZLHG]DQLD QDV]HM
VWURQ\ L ]DSR]QDZDQLD VLÇ ] QRZRÐFLDPL





WHO






































ŕŕŕę¦TÙîXThTŕÝUęĒáĹnĹËî¦öę¦TÙîXThTŕÝUfºçTËáęvõè

*TàÝUĹ-ËvõáĹ¹ŀvè


/DOND WR LGHDOQ\ SUH]HQW GOD PDÊHM NVLÇ×QLF]NL %ÇG]LH MHM SU]\WXODQNÃ
XNRFKDQÃ ]DEDZNÃ L SLÇNQÃ R]GREÃ SRNRLNX

0LÇNND FHQW\PHWURZD ODOHF]ND 1LNRO WR PLOXWND SU]\MDFLµÊND L WRZDU]\V]ND
SU]\JµG GR NWµUHM ]DZV]H PR×QD VLÇ SU]\WXOLÅ 0D UR]PLDU LGHDOQ\ GOD PDOXWNLFK
UÃF]HN 0LÇFLXWNLH PDWHULDÊ\ VSUDZLDMÃ ×H WR WDN×H LGHDOQD SU]\WXODQND GR
]DV\SLDQLD
’îUƒĹ¹òꍍŊæ




)àõvÝÌĹ " -@ĹÊĹK <Ĺ¹µĹ’à’ç’îĻýŕ


2JURPQH NORFNL ]DFKÇFDMÃ G]LHFL GR EXGRZ\ QRZ\FK
L QLHNRQZHQFMRQDOQ\FK EXGRZOL QLHRJUDQLF]RQ\FK QLF]\P

.ORFNL ]DSHZQLDMÃ G]LHFLRP ZVSDQLDÊÃ ]DEDZÇ L VÃ GRVNRQDÊÃ
]DEDZNÃ GOD ND×GHJR G]LHFND 8NÊDGDQLH NORFNµZ UR]ZLMD X G]LHFND
NUHDW\ZQRÐÅ ]GROQRÐÅ ORJLF]QHJR P\ÐOHQLD UR]ZLMD Z\REUDÕQLÇ
L ÅZLF]\ NRRUG\QDFMÇ UXFKRZÃ

’îUƒĹĊòµęµŤĹŠæ



)àõvÝÌĹ:ī’ĮĻī’îî“ĹKT¶“Ĺ,"LŇŇţřĹP’ĮĻTŕĹĊòŤĹ’á


=DEDZD NORFNDPL SRPDJD G]LHFNX UR]ZLMDÅ Z\REUDÕQLÇ NUHDW\ZQRÐÅ
]GROQRÐFL PDQXDOQH L ORJLF]QH P\ÐOHQLH

.ORFNL ZDćH 0,; ]HVWDZ HOHPHQWµZ =DEDZD NORFNDPL SRPDJD G]LHFNX
UR]ZLMDÅ Z\REUDÕQLÇ NUHDW\ZQRÐÅ ]GROQRÐFL PDQXDOQH L ORJLF]QH P\ÐOHQLH ']LHFL
XF]Ã VLÇ UR]SR]QDZDQLD NV]WDÊWµZ L NRORUµZ ']LHFNR RG QDMPÊRGV]\FK ODW PR×H
EXGRZDÅ SU]HUµ×QH NRQVWUXNFMH SU]HVWU]HQQH EXGRZOH SRMD]G\ ZV]\VWNR ]DOH×\
RG MHJR Z\REUDÕQL
’îUƒĹò¹ęŀŤĹŠæ



KT¶“Ĺ " -@ĹÊĹ1ºĩõçî“ĹÝàõvÝÌĹÝõîĮĻĩŇÝvŘÙî“




:\PLDU\ MHGQHJR HOHPHQWX WR D× FP [ FP
.ORFNL ]DSHZQLDMÃ G]LHFLRP ZVSDQLDÊÃ ]DEDZÇ 6Ã GRVNRQDÊÃ
]DEDZNÃ GOD ND×GHJR G]LHFND 8NÊDGDQLH NORFNµZ UR]ZLMD X G]LHFND
NUHDW\ZQRÐÅ ]GROQRÐÅ ORJLF]QHJR P\ÐOHQLD UR]ZLMD Z\REUDÕQLÇ
L ÅZLF]\ NRRUG\QDFMÇ UXFKRZÃ
’îUƒĹĊòĶ굍Ŋæ








ŕŕŕę¦TÙîXThTŕÝUęĒáĹnĹËî¦öę¦TÙîXThTŕÝUfºçTËáęvõè

ŇţUĹÝõĒTĩÝUĹْšˆŠËÞĹĩŇvÇõçUĹæŘţÝUĹĜÝTĮÞ


.RSDUND SRVLDGD UXFKRPà Ê\×NÇ L UDPLÇ QD VLÊRZQLNDFK VSUÇ×\QRZ\FK

6LHG]LVNR NRSDUNL SRVLDGD Z\SXVWNL DQW\SRÐOL]JRZH D FR QDMZD×QLHMV]H MHVW REURWRZH
PR×QD QLP Z\NRQDÅ SHÊHQ REUµW VWRSQL .RSDUNÃ PR×QD MHÕG]LÅ Z SU]µG L Z W\Ê
= W\ÊX NRSDUND SRVLDGD KDN G]LÇNL NWµUHPX PR×H E\Å KRORZDQD SU]H] LQQH SRMD]G\
GRVWÇSQH Z QDV]\P VNOHSLH
’îUƒĹĊĊķꍍŊæ




,õĻõĩĹْšˆŠËÞĹh˒ºõŕř


0RWRUHN ÏFLJDF] MHÕG]LN RGS\FKDF] 0RWRUHN Z\JOÃGD MDN SUDZG]LZ\
ÐFLJDF] ]DSHZQL G]LHFNX ZLHOH JRG]LQ ZVSDQLDÊHM ]DEDZ\

0RWRUHN PD RSÊ\ZRZ\ NV]WDÊW FLHNDZÃ NRORU\VW\NÇ QDNOHMNL
] QXPHUHP VWDUWRZ\P -HVW Z\JRGQ\ Z SURZDG]HQLX PD V]HURNLH
NRÊD G]LÇNL F]HPX MHVW EDUG]R VWDELOQ\

’îUƒĹķꍍŊæ




@D*1)1Ĺ=ĻõàËÞĹĮTçõvÇõ‡õŕřĹĒõ‡ĩýţîËÝUĹŕŵĹÝõàõĩTvÈĹ



-HG\Q\ QD U\QNX EH]SLHF]Q\ VWROLN GR IRWHOLND VDPRFKRGRZHJR OXE Zµ]ND
%H]SLHF]Q\ 6WROLN 3RGUµ×QLND 78/2.2 SU]HV]HGÊ SR]\W\ZQLH G\QDPLF]Q\ WHVW
]GHU]HQLRZ\ Z\NRQDQ\ Z 3U]HP\VÊRZ\P ,QVW\WXFLH 0RWRU\]DFML 3,027 6WROLN
SRGUµ×QLND SU]\GDMH VLÇ GR U\VRZDQLD MHG]HQLD XNÊDGDQLD SX]]OL RJOÃGDQLD
NVLÃ×HF]HN RUD] ]DEDZ\ Z WUDNFLH SRGUµ×\ VDPRFKRGHP OXE LQQ\P ÐURGNLHP
WUDQVSRUWX

’îUƒĹĊŤòꍍŊæ



K <ĹP’ĮĻTŕĹîTyŘñĹîUĹĻTvřĹŀ¹’á


=HVWDZ QDF]\Ì ĆUP\ :$'(5 32/(6,( MHVW LGHDOQ\ QD ND×GH SU]\MÇFLH GOD ODOHN L PLVLµZ
=HVWDZ NDZRZ\ ĆUP\ :$'(5 32/(6,( ] NWµUHJR PDÊ\ PLVWU] Z\F]DUXMH
VZRMH GDQLD SRSLVRZH L SRGD MH QD SLÇNQHM ]DVWDZLH ] ]HVWDZX =QDMG]LHP\ WX
F]DMQLN ] SRNU\ZNÃ FXNLHUQLF]NÇ ] SRNU\ZNÃ G]EDQXV]HN GR POHND
WDOHU]\NµZ L V]WXÅFH GOD RVµE QR×H ZLGHOFH Ê\×NL ĆOL×DQNL V]NODQNL
RUD] WDFÇ
’îUƒĹŀµęŤŤĹŠæ








ŕŕŕę¦TÙîXThTŕÝUęĒáĹnĹËî¦öę¦TÙîXThTŕÝUfºçTËáęvõè

)õàõĩõŕřĹÝõْwĹĸĹĒæõĻ’ÞĹŠĹĻõĩha


3ÊRWHN NRMHF GRVNRQDOH VSUDZG]L VLÇ ]DUµZQR Z GRPX MDN L QD SRGZµUNX

.RORURZ\ SÊRWHN NRMHF GOD G]LHFL =HVWDZ VNÊDGD VLÇ ] NRORURZ\FK HOHPHQWµZ
] Qµ×NDPL Z\NRQDQ\FK ] JUXEHJR SODVWLNX Z\VRNLHM MDNRÐFL = HOHPHQWµZ PR×QD
XÊR×\Å SU]\WXOQ\ NRMHF GOD PÊRGV]\FK G]LHFL D WDN×H X×\Å JR MDNR SÊRWND NWµU\
]DJURG]L G]LHFNX SU]HMÐFLH GR PLHMVF Z NWµU\FK QLH PR×H RQR SU]HE\ZDÅ
’îUƒĹŅòꍍŊæ




:øĻ’ĩŇî’ÞĹ)õçËĮTĩËTļĹķŀĊ’áęĹ)àõvÝÌĹ àõvÝÌĹ:õàËvÙU


=HVWDZ NORFNµZ %ORFNµZ NRPSDW\ELOQ\FK ] NORFNDPL /HJR

=HVWDZ VNÊDGD VLÇ ] HOHPHQWµZ .ORFNL VÃ Z\NRQDQH ] Z\WU]\PDÊHJR
SODVWLNX Z ×\Z\FK NRORUDFK SRVLDGDMÃ ZLHOH UXFKRP\FK HOHPHQWµZ
= NORFNµZ PR×QD ]EXGRZDÅ GX×\ NRPLVDULDW ] ZLÇ]LHQLHP GZD DXWD
SROLF\MQH RUD] PRWRU SROLF\MQ\ =HVWDZ ]DZLHUD ĆJXUHN OXG]LNµZ


’îUƒĹòĶꍍŊæ




)õæöĹ TĩîvTĩĮÝ˓ŇàUĹ ŠË’vÌĹĜĹ àËîU„Ĺ TĩhřĹÌĹ Ýv’ĮõĩËU


.RÊR JDUQFDUVNLH ] PDVÃ L IDUENDPL GR PDORZDQLD =HVWDZ MHVW VWDUDQQLH
Z\NRQDQ\ L Z\SRVD×RQ\ ZH ZV]\VWNLH QLH]EÇGQH HOHPHQW\

.RÊR JDUQFDUVNLH ÐZLHWQLH UR]ZLMD ]GROQRÐFL PDQXDOQH Z\REUDÕQLÇ NUHDW\ZQRÐÅ
RUD] WZµUF]H P\ÐOHQLH 7ZµM PDÊ\ DUW\VWD PD QLHVNRÌF]HQLH ZLHOH PR×OLZRÐFL QD
UHDOL]DFMÇ VZRLFK SRP\VʵZ QD WZRU]HQLH NV]WDÊWRZDQLH RUD] GHNRURZDQLH
QRZ\FK DUF\G]LHÊ 7R ÐZLHWQD ]DEDZD NWµUD SREXG]L 7ZRMH G]LHFNR RUD] GRVWDUF]\
PX UDGRÐFL L VDW\VIDNFML ] ]DEDZ\
’îUƒĹ¹ķęĶŀĹŠæ



K <ĹْšˆŠËÞĹĒĩ’çËŇèĹŅ



-HÕG]LN 35(0,80 FLÇ×DUµZND Z\SRVD×RQ\ MHVW Z UXFKRPà VNU]\QLÇ ÊDGXQNRZà Z\ZURWNÇ

3RMD]G Z\NRQDQ\ MHVW ] OHNNLHJR D ]DUD]HP Z\WU]\PDÊHJR SODVWLNX RGSRUQHJR
QD ZDUXQNL DWPRVIHU\F]QH -HÕG]LN MHVW EDUG]R VWDELOQ\ ZVSRPDJD QDXNÇ
XWU]\PDQLD UµZQRZDJL L XPLHMÇWQRÐÅ RGS\FKDQLD VLÇ QRJDPL



’îUƒĹĶŤęŤĹŠæ








ŕŕŕę¦TÙîXThTŕÝUęĒáĹnĹËî¦öę¦TÙîXThTŕÝUfºçTËáęvõè

-('<1( : 32/6&( 08/7Ζ0('Ζ$/1(


12:2&=(61( =$6.$.8-Æ&(


1$-/(36=< 352'8.7 785<67<&=1<




=$35$6=$0< 2' :725.8 '2 1Ζ('=Ζ(/Ζ 2' '2

ZZZ PX]HXPSLRVHQNL SO






&HOHP XWZRU]HQLD 0X]HXP 3ROVNLHM 3LRVHQNL Z 2SROX MHVW SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP
WUZDĄD RFKURQD NXOWXURZHJR G]LHG]LFWZD QDURGRZHJR L ]ZLÛNV]HQLH UROL SROVNLHM &(1< %Ζ/(7•:
SLRVHQNL Z GLDORJX PLÛG]\NXOWXURZ\P QD U]HF] SURPRFML PLDVWD L SRGQLHVLHQLD MHJR
DWUDNF\MQRĝFL WXU\VW\F]QHM 2SROH MDNR ȌVWROLFD SROVNLHM SLRVHQNLȋ ] WUDG\FMDPL SRQDG ȏ QRUPDOQ\ Ȃ ]Ą ȏ XOJRZ\ Ȃ ]Ą ȏ JUXSRZ\ Ȃ ]Ą
F]WHUG]LHVWROHWQLHM KLVWRULL .UDMRZHJR )HVWLZDOX 3ROVNLHM 3LRVHQNL MHVW QDMOHSV]\P ȏ URG]LQQ\ Ȃ ]Ą GRURVĄ\FK G]LHFL
PLHMVFHP GR SRZVWDQLD LQVW\WXFML ]DMPXMÇFHM VLÛ JURPDG]HQLHP NDWDORJRZDQLHP %LOHW\ PRJÇ 3DĆVWZR NXSLÉ
NRQVHUZRZDQLHP GLJLWDOL]RZDQLHP QDXNRZ\P RSUDFRZ\ZDQLHP L XGRVWÛSQLDQLHP
] ȏ Z NDVDFK 1&33 Z $PȴWHDWU]H
]ELRUµZ GRW\F]ÇF\FK SROVNLHM SLRVHQNL 3RWU]HED ]DMÛFLD VLÛ GRURENLHP SROVNLFK ELRUµZ GRW\F]ÇF\FK SROVNLHM SLRVHQNL 3RWU]HED ]DMÛFLD VLÛ GRURENLHP SROVNLFK
SLRVHQHN NWµUH SRVLDGDMÇ RJURPQH QLH GR NRĆFD ]EDGDQH ]DVRE\ ȏQD VWURQLH ZZZ ELOHW\ PX]HXPSLRVHQNL SO
MHVW SU]HGVLÛZ]LÛFLHP ZDľQ\P SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP E\ ]DFKRZDÉ WHQ ERJDW\ FHQQ\ %LOHW\ XOJRZH VÇ ZDľQH ZUD] ] GRNXPHQWHP SRWZLHUG]DMÇF\P XSRZDľQLHQLH GR ]QLľNL
L LQWHUHVXMÇF\ PDWHULDĄ GOD SU]\V]Ą\FK SRNROHĆ








































08=(80 32/6.Ζ(- 3Ζ26(1.Ζ

_ ZZZ PX]HXPSLRVHQNL SO _ PX]HXP#PX]HXPSLRVHQNL SO
XO 3LDVWRZVND $ 2SROH $PȴWHDWU ZHMĝFLH RG XO %DUOLFNLHJR

-('<1( : 32/6&( 08/7Ζ0('Ζ$/1(


12:2&=(61( =$6.$.8-Æ&(


1$-/(36=< 352'8.7 785<67<&=1<




=$35$6=$0< 2' :725.8 '2 1Ζ('=Ζ(/Ζ 2' '2

ZZZ PX]HXPSLRVHQNL SO






&HOHP XWZRU]HQLD 0X]HXP 3ROVNLHM 3LRVHQNL Z 2SROX MHVW SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP
WUZDĄD RFKURQD NXOWXURZHJR G]LHG]LFWZD QDURGRZHJR L ]ZLÛNV]HQLH UROL SROVNLHM &(1< %Ζ/(7•:
SLRVHQNL Z GLDORJX PLÛG]\NXOWXURZ\P QD U]HF] SURPRFML PLDVWD L SRGQLHVLHQLD MHJR
DWUDNF\MQRĝFL WXU\VW\F]QHM 2SROH MDNR ȌVWROLFD SROVNLHM SLRVHQNLȋ ] WUDG\FMDPL SRQDG ȏ QRUPDOQ\ Ȃ ]Ą ȏ XOJRZ\ Ȃ ]Ą ȏ JUXSRZ\ Ȃ ]Ą
F]WHUG]LHVWROHWQLHM KLVWRULL .UDMRZHJR )HVWLZDOX 3ROVNLHM 3LRVHQNL MHVW QDMOHSV]\P ȏ URG]LQQ\ Ȃ ]Ą GRURVĄ\FK G]LHFL
PLHMVFHP GR SRZVWDQLD LQVW\WXFML ]DMPXMÇFHM VLÛ JURPDG]HQLHP NDWDORJRZDQLHP %LOHW\ PRJÇ 3DĆVWZR NXSLÉ
NRQVHUZRZDQLHP GLJLWDOL]RZDQLHP QDXNRZ\P RSUDFRZ\ZDQLHP L XGRVWÛSQLDQLHP
] ȏ Z NDVDFK 1&33 Z $PȴWHDWU]H
]ELRUµZ GRW\F]ÇF\FK SROVNLHM SLRVHQNL 3RWU]HED ]DMÛFLD VLÛ GRURENLHP SROVNLFK ELRUµZ GRW\F]ÇF\FK SROVNLHM SLRVHQNL 3RWU]HED ]DMÛFLD VLÛ GRURENLHP SROVNLFK
SLRVHQHN NWµUH SRVLDGDMÇ RJURPQH QLH GR NRĆFD ]EDGDQH ]DVRE\ ȏQD VWURQLH ZZZ ELOHW\ PX]HXPSLRVHQNL SO
MHVW SU]HGVLÛZ]LÛFLHP ZDľQ\P SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP E\ ]DFKRZDÉ WHQ ERJDW\ FHQQ\ %LOHW\ XOJRZH VÇ ZDľQH ZUD] ] GRNXPHQWHP SRWZLHUG]DMÇF\P XSRZDľQLHQLH GR ]QLľNL
L LQWHUHVXMÇF\ PDWHULDĄ GOD SU]\V]Ą\FK SRNROHĆ








































08=(80 32/6.Ζ(- 3Ζ26(1.Ζ

_ ZZZ PX]HXPSLRVHQNL SO _ PX]HXP#PX]HXPSLRVHQNL SO
XO 3LDVWRZVND $ 2SROH $PȴWHDWU ZHMĝFLH RG XO %DUOLFNLHJR

-('<1( : 32/6&( 08/7Ζ0('Ζ$/1(


12:2&=(61( =$6.$.8-Æ&(


1$-/(36=< 352'8.7 785<67<&=1<




=$35$6=$0< 2' :725.8 '2 1Ζ('=Ζ(/Ζ 2' '2

ZZZ PX]HXPSLRVHQNL SO






0DULD 6DGRZVND SRSURZDG]LĄD 0DĄÇ $NDGHPLÛ 3LRVHQNL
$QQD :\V]NRQL Z 0DĄHM $NDGHPLL 3LRVHQNL
0DULD 6DGRZVND WR SROVND SLRVHQNDUND Z\NRQXMÇFD PX]\NÛ MD]] SRS IXQN

: SRQLHG]LDĄHN NZLHWQLD JRĝFLHP 0DĄHM $NDGHPLL 3LRVHQNL EÛG]LH $QQD L HOHNWURQLF]QÇ D WDNľH VFHQDU]\VWND L UHľ\VHU ȴOPRZ\ 0D QD NRQFLH G]LHZLÛÉ VRORZ\FK
:\V]NRQL ZRNDOLVWND L NRPSR]\WRUND QLHJG\ĝ ]ZLÇ]DQD ] ]HVSRĄHP Ȍă]\ȋ SĄ\W P LQ 7ULEXWH WR .RPHGD ]ĄRWD SĄ\WD L Z SHĄQL DXWRUVNÇ Ȍ6SLV WUHĝFLȋ -HM HWLXGD

$UW\VWFH EÛG]LH WRZDU]\V]\Ą JRVSRGDU] PX]\F]Q\ ΖJRU 3U]HELQGRZVNL : SURJUDPLH IDEXODUQD SW Ȍ6NU]\GĄDȋ SRND]\ZDQD E\ĄD QD PLÛG]\QDURGRZ\FK IHVWLZDODFK
ȴOPRZ\FK P LQ Z 0RVNZLH 7DMSHM %RORQLL %DUFHORQLH 6WDPEXOH L 3DU\ľX
PX]\F]QH ]DMÛFLD GOD G]LHFL Z ZLHNX SU]HGV]NROQ\P L ZF]HVQRV]NROQ\P D WDNľH
PLQLNRQFHUW GOD QDMPĄRGV]\FK 2SRODQ 0 0DULD 6DGRZVND E\ĄD JRĝFLHP 0DĄHM $NDGHPLL 3LRVHQNL PDUFD $UW\VWND ZUD]
] JRVSRGDU]HP PX]\F]Q\P ΖJRUHP 3U]HELQGRZVNLP ]DSURVLOL G]LHFL QD QLH]Z\NĄH ZDUV]WDW\
PX]\F]QH SRGF]DV NWµU\FK ZVSµOQLH ĝSLHZDOL DOH SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP GREU]H VLÛ EDZLOL










































08=(80 32/6.Ζ(- 3Ζ26(1.Ζ

_ ZZZ PX]HXPSLRVHQNL SO _ PX]HXP#PX]HXPSLRVHQNL SO
XO 3LDVWRZVND $ 2SROH $PȴWHDWU ZHMĝFLH RG XO %DUOLFNLHJR

-('<1( : 32/6&( 08/7Ζ0('Ζ$/1(


12:2&=(61( =$6.$.8-Æ&(


1$-/(36=< 352'8.7 785<67<&=1<




=$35$6=$0< 2' :725.8 '2 1Ζ('=Ζ(/Ζ 2' '2

ZZZ PX]HXPSLRVHQNL SO






0DULD 6DGRZVND SRSURZDG]LĄD 0DĄÇ $NDGHPLÛ 3LRVHQNL
$QQD :\V]NRQL Z 0DĄHM $NDGHPLL 3LRVHQNL
0DULD 6DGRZVND WR SROVND SLRVHQNDUND Z\NRQXMÇFD PX]\NÛ MD]] SRS IXQN

: SRQLHG]LDĄHN NZLHWQLD JRĝFLHP 0DĄHM $NDGHPLL 3LRVHQNL EÛG]LH $QQD L HOHNWURQLF]QÇ D WDNľH VFHQDU]\VWND L UHľ\VHU ȴOPRZ\ 0D QD NRQFLH G]LHZLÛÉ VRORZ\FK
:\V]NRQL ZRNDOLVWND L NRPSR]\WRUND QLHJG\ĝ ]ZLÇ]DQD ] ]HVSRĄHP Ȍă]\ȋ SĄ\W P LQ 7ULEXWH WR .RPHGD ]ĄRWD SĄ\WD L Z SHĄQL DXWRUVNÇ Ȍ6SLV WUHĝFLȋ -HM HWLXGD

$UW\VWFH EÛG]LH WRZDU]\V]\Ą JRVSRGDU] PX]\F]Q\ ΖJRU 3U]HELQGRZVNL : SURJUDPLH IDEXODUQD SW Ȍ6NU]\GĄDȋ SRND]\ZDQD E\ĄD QD PLÛG]\QDURGRZ\FK IHVWLZDODFK
ȴOPRZ\FK P LQ Z 0RVNZLH 7DMSHM %RORQLL %DUFHORQLH 6WDPEXOH L 3DU\ľX
PX]\F]QH ]DMÛFLD GOD G]LHFL Z ZLHNX SU]HGV]NROQ\P L ZF]HVQRV]NROQ\P D WDNľH
PLQLNRQFHUW GOD QDMPĄRGV]\FK 2SRODQ 0 0DULD 6DGRZVND E\ĄD JRĝFLHP 0DĄHM $NDGHPLL 3LRVHQNL PDUFD $UW\VWND ZUD]
] JRVSRGDU]HP PX]\F]Q\P ΖJRUHP 3U]HELQGRZVNLP ]DSURVLOL G]LHFL QD QLH]Z\NĄH ZDUV]WDW\
PX]\F]QH SRGF]DV NWµU\FK ZVSµOQLH ĝSLHZDOL DOH SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP GREU]H VLÛ EDZLOL










































08=(80 32/6.Ζ(- 3Ζ26(1.Ζ

_ ZZZ PX]HXPSLRVHQNL SO _ PX]HXP#PX]HXPSLRVHQNL SO
XO 3LDVWRZVND $ 2SROH $PȴWHDWU ZHMĝFLH RG XO %DUOLFNLHJR





















1$6=( 35(0,(5<



,JQDÐ .LWHN DUFKLWHNW

$QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV

3U]H]DEDZQD L QLHSRNRUQD NVLÃ×ND

9Ü«ˆĂ¹« ôØãÊύ«Êô— ¼«ã—؁¹Ê R UHDOL]RZDQLX VZRLFK SDVML ZEUHZ
SU]HFLZQRÐFLRP



« Õ« ¹Ã«— «¼èÜãØÊôÃ— =É




5µ]LD 5HZHOND LQ×\QLHUND

1DV]H Z\GDZQLFWZR VSHFMDOL]XMH VLÇ Z VWDUDQQ\P GRERU]H RIHUW\ L SURSRQXMH $QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV
URG]LFRP L G]LHFLRP Z\VRNLHM MDNRÐFL NVLÃ×NL ]DUµZQR ZDUWRÐFLRZH OLWHUDFNR =DEDZQD L PÃGUD RSRZLHÐÅ R

MDN L SLÇNQLH LOXVWURZDQH 7R ìSLFWXUHERRNVë å NVLÃ×NL Z NWµU\FK WHNVW L REUD] UHDOL]RZDQLX SDVML L QLH]UD×DQLX
ZVSµÊJUDMà ]H VREà WZRU]ÃF XQLNDOQà MDNRÐÅ NWµUHM QLH GDÊRE\ VLÇ RVLÃJQÃÅ EH] VLÇ QLHSRZRG]HQLDPL
KDUPRQLL PLÇG]\ QLPL 6Ã WR SXEOLNDFMH GOD Z\PDJDMÃF\FK å SRXF]DMÃFD
L MHGQRF]HÐQLH HNVF\WXMÃFD OLWHUDWXUD G]LHFLÇFD =É








7HN 1RZRF]HVQ\ MDVNLQLRZLHF

3DWULFN 0F'RQQHOO


=DEDZQ\ VSRVµE PµZLHQLD R ]QDF]HQLX Z\ÊÃF]HQLD
RWDF]DMÃF\FK QDV XU]ÃG]HÌ L FLHV]HQLD VLÇ XURNDPL

SLÇNQHJR ÐZLDWD GRRNRÊD





$GD %DPELQL 1DXNRZF]\QL

$QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV


=$32:,('Ô





#.LQGHUNXOND




:6=<67.,( .6,ÂÖ., '267Æ31( 1$ ::: .,1'(5.8/.$ 3/

1$6=( 35(0,(5<



,JQDÐ .LWHN DUFKLWHNW

$QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV

3U]H]DEDZQD L QLHSRNRUQD NVLÃ×ND

9Ü«ˆĂ¹« ôØãÊύ«Êô— ¼«ã—؁¹Ê R UHDOL]RZDQLX VZRLFK SDVML ZEUHZ
SU]HFLZQRÐFLRP



« Õ« ¹Ã«— «¼èÜãØÊôÃ— =É




5µ]LD 5HZHOND LQ×\QLHUND

1DV]H Z\GDZQLFWZR VSHFMDOL]XMH VLÇ Z VWDUDQQ\P GRERU]H RIHUW\ L SURSRQXMH $QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV
URG]LFRP L G]LHFLRP Z\VRNLHM MDNRÐFL NVLÃ×NL ]DUµZQR ZDUWRÐFLRZH OLWHUDFNR =DEDZQD L PÃGUD RSRZLHÐÅ R

MDN L SLÇNQLH LOXVWURZDQH 7R ìSLFWXUHERRNVë å NVLÃ×NL Z NWµU\FK WHNVW L REUD] UHDOL]RZDQLX SDVML L QLH]UD×DQLX
ZVSµÊJUDMà ]H VREà WZRU]ÃF XQLNDOQà MDNRÐÅ NWµUHM QLH GDÊRE\ VLÇ RVLÃJQÃÅ EH] VLÇ QLHSRZRG]HQLDPL
KDUPRQLL PLÇG]\ QLPL 6Ã WR SXEOLNDFMH GOD Z\PDJDMÃF\FK å SRXF]DMÃFD
L MHGQRF]HÐQLH HNVF\WXMÃFD OLWHUDWXUD G]LHFLÇFD =É








7HN 1RZRF]HVQ\ MDVNLQLRZLHF

3DWULFN 0F'RQQHOO


=DEDZQ\ VSRVµE PµZLHQLD R ]QDF]HQLX Z\ÊÃF]HQLD
RWDF]DMÃF\FK QDV XU]ÃG]HÌ L FLHV]HQLD VLÇ XURNDPL

SLÇNQHJR ÐZLDWD GRRNRÊD





$GD %DPELQL 1DXNRZF]\QL

$QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV


=$32:,('Ô





#.LQGHUNXOND




:6=<67.,( .6,ÂÖ., '267Æ31( 1$ ::: .,1'(5.8/.$ 3/







=GURZH VWRS\ 'R SURGXNFML REXZLD 0HPR VWRVR

ZDQH VĈ QDMZ\İV]HM MDNRĤFL PDWHULDã\ :LHU
G]LHFND ]FKQLD L ZHZQčWU]QD F]čĤþ EXWD Z\NRQDQD
MHVW ] QDWXUDOQ\FK PLčNNLFK VNyU NR]LFK
LGHDOQ\FK GOD VWRS\ G]LHFND 6NyU\ WH Z
VSRVyE QDWXUDOQ\ GRVWRVRZXMĈ VLč GR
0HPR WR QDMZ\İV]HM MDNRĤFL REXZLH GOD
G]LHFL Z\NRQDQH Z NODV\F]Q\P VW\OX ] VWRS\ W\P VDP\P ]ZLčNV]DMĈ NRPIRUW Xİ\W
QDWXUDOQ\FK PDWHULDãyZ SU]\MD]Q\FK VWRSLH NRZDQLD 1LHNWyUH PRGHOH Z\SRVDİRQH
G]LHFND 8QLNDWRZĈ IXQNFMč GLDJQRVW\F]QĈ ]RVWDã\ Z VSHFMDOLVW\F]QĈ SRGV]HZNč
]DSHZQLD V\VWHP PRQLWRULQJX Z SRGHV]ZLH EH]FKURPRZĈ 1DWXUDOQH PDWHULDã\ R
0HPR :\SUDFRZDQD SU]H] ODWD NRQVWUXN ZãDĤFLZRĤFLDFK KLJURVNRSLMQ\FK VSUDZLDMĈ
FMD L WHFKQRORJLD PRQWDİX EXWyZ 0HPR İH EXW RGG\FKD D VWRSD QLH XOHJD
] ]DSRFHQLX
]\VNDãD\VNDãD X]QDQLH VSHFMDOLVWyZ MDNR
VNXWHF]QD PHWRGD SURILODNW\NL L OHF]HQLD
QDMF]čVWV]\FK ZDG SRVWDZ\









8QLNDWRZ\ V\VWHP G\QDPLF]QHM NRQWUROL
VWyS G]LHFND GDMĈF\ PRİOLZRĤþ ELHİĈFHJR
PRQLWRURZDQLD VWDQX VWyS RUD] QDW\FKPLD
VWRZHM UHDNFML 6SHFMDOQ\ RGVWDZLRQ\ NV]
WDãW SRGHV]Z\ GRGDWNRZR VWDELOL]XMH VWRSč
L ]DSHZQLD SUDZLGãRZH MHM XãRİHQLH SRG 6SHFMDOQD WHFKQRORJLD PRQWDİX
F]DV FKRGX 'LDJQRVW\F]QD SRGHV]ZD 9 WHFK SROHJDMĈFD QD SUDZLGãRZ\P XVW
0HPR 2EV]DUHP GLDJQRVW\F]Q\P REXZLD DZLHQLX FKROHZNL SRGF]DV SURFHVX PRQ
0HPR MHVW MHJR SRGHV]ZD 1D MHM SRZLHU WRZDQLD EXWD 7HFKQRORJLD WD JZDUDQWXMH
]FKQL RUD] QD REFDVLH ]RVWDãR Z\RGUčEQL ]DFKRZDQLH RVL V\PHWULL Z Z\SURGXNRZ
RQ\FK V]HĤþ SRQXPHURZDQ\FK VWUHI ] Z\ DQ\P EXFLH D W\P VDP\P ZUD] ] FKDUDNW
SXNã\PL SDVNDPL ELHİQLND VWUHID QRUP\ HU\VW\F]Q\P V]W\ZQ\P ]DSLčWNLHP L Z\VRNĈ
VWUHID U\]\ND RUD] F]WHU\ VWUHI\ GXİHM G\V FKROHZNĈ ZVSRPDJD SUDZLGãRZ\ UR]ZyM
IXQNFML 3RGF]DV Xİ\WNRZDQLD SDVNL XOHJDMĈ VWyS 2EXZLH 0HPR SR]EDZLRQH MHVW FHFK
ĤFLHUDQLX G]LčNL F]HPX VWDUWH IUDJPHQW\ NRQVWUXNF\MQ\FK PRJĈF\FK ]DNãyFLþ
XPRİOLZLDMĈ V]\ENĈ L SUHF\]\MQĈ GLDJQR]č REUD] U]HF]\ZLVWHM IL]MRORJLL L SRWU]HE VWyS Z
ZDG VWyS RUD] HZHQWXDOQH GREUDQLH RNUHVLH Z]UDVWDQLD ']LčNL WHPX REXZLH
ZNãDGHN : SU]\SDGNX EUDNX NRQLHF]QRĤFL 0HPR XMDZQLD LFK SUDZLGãRZRĤþ PRUIR
VWRVRZDQLD ZNãDGHN NRU\JXMĈF\FK EXW\ ORJLF]QRF]\QQRĤFLRZĈ OXE LVWQLHMĈFH
0HPR VSHãQLDMĈ IXQNFMč SURILODNW\F]QĈ ZDG\ EĈGĮ LFK V\PSWRP\
=HVWDZ ZNãDGHN ZFKRG]ĈF\FK Z VNãDG
V\VWHPX\VWHPX 0HPR ZUD] ] ZEXGRZDQ\P Z
V 3URGXNW X]\VNDã SR]\W\ZQĈ RSLQLč
SRGHV]ZLH REFDVHP 7KRPDV·D QDGDMH Å&HQWUXP =GURZLD ']LHFNDµ
EXWRP 0HPR FKDUDNWHU REXZLD NRUHNF\M
QHJR 2GSRZLHGQLD GOD G]LHFND ZNãDGND
PRİH E\þ GREUDQD EH]SRĤUHGQLR SU]H]
URG]LFD QD SRGVWDZLH ]DãĈF]RQHM LQVWUXNFML
Xİ\WNRZDQLD 6\VWHPX 0HPR OXE ZJ ZVND
]Dę VSHFMDOLVW\




ZZZ ]GURZHEXFLNL SO






Click to View FlipBook Version