EXPERIMENT 2 DB014

BIOLOGY DB014

EXPERIMENT
2

ANIMAL TISSUES

DB014 Lab Manual

EXPERIMENT 2: ANIMAL TISSUES

Course Learning Objective: Conduct basic biology laboratory work on
microscopy, tissues, genetics information, pollen germination and plant
growth by applying manipulative skills.
(P3, CLO 2, PLO 2, MQF LOD 2)

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
i. Identify the animal tissues under the light compound

microscope.
ii. Identify the structure of epithelial tissue, muscle tissue and

connective tissue

Student Learning Time (SLT):

Face-to-face Non face-to-face

2 hours 0

Introduction 4

Four main types of animal tissues are epithelial tissue, muscle tissue,
connective tissue and nerve tissue.

Epithelial tissues form the surface lining of other tissues either inside
or outside the body. Epithelial tissues consist of epithelial cells which
are closely arranged between the cells. Epithelial tissues have
specialized functions for growth, protection, excretion and absorption.

The main function of muscle tissues is for contraction. Based on
structures, muscle tissues can be divided into three types: striated
muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Physiologically, muscle
tissues can be divided into voluntary muscle and involuntary muscle.

Bone tissue, cartilage tissue and blood tissue are grouped into
connective tissues. The functions of the connective tissues are for
support, connecting tissues and organ, transport and defence.
Connective tissues consist of three components: cell, ground substance
(substance which is deposited in between the connective tissues and

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DB014 Lab Manual

serves to hold the cells together) and fibre. The fibre together with the
connective tissue is embedded in the matrix.

The main function of nerve cells or neuron is to conduct nerve
impulses. Apart from neuron, the nerve tissue consists of neuroglia
which gives internal support.

Apparatus

Compound microscope

Materials

Prepared slides of epithelial tissues
a) Simple squamous
b) Simple cuboidal
c) Simple columnar

Prepared slides of nerve tissue
a) Motor neuron

Prepared slides of muscle tissues
a) Smooth

Prepared slides of connective tissue
a) Blood

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DB014 Lab Manual

Procedures and Observation

1. Examine the slides given using either 10x or 40x objective lens.
2. Draw and label the structure and organization of each of the

following tissues. Use the figures provided to assist you in your
cell investigation.

(i) Epithelial tissues
a) Simple squamous epithelium
b) Simple cuboidal epithelium
c) Simple columnar epithelium

(ii) Nerve tissue
a) Motor neuron

(iii) Muscle tissues
a) Smooth

(iv) Connective tissues
a) Blood

Figure 2.1 Simple squamous epithelium 6
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DB014 Lab Manual

Figure 2.2 Simple cuboidal epithelium

Figure 2.3 Simple columnar epithelium

erythrocytes

white blood cell

Figure 2.4 The types of blood cells 7
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DB014 Lab Manual

Figure 2.5 Longitudinal section of a smooth muscle

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DB014 Lab Manual

Figure 2.6 Motor neuron 9
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DB014 Lab Manual

Questions:

Describe the types, functions and distributions of tissues below:

a) Epithelial tissues
- Simple squamous epithelium
- Simple cuboidal epithelium
- Simple columnar epithelium

b) Nerve tissue
- Motor neuron

c) Muscle tissues
- Smooth

d) Connective tissues
- Blood

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