AP CSP ST Projects

AP Computer Science Short Term Projects.

AP Computer Science Principles incorporates two Performance Tasks that will be used for Short term
projects. Both projects have a dedicated classroom time of 20 hours. The Guidelines and Scoring Rubrics
are attached. These projects account for 40% of the student’s AP credit grade. Student examples will be
available for review onsite (or I can send to the reviewer) but cannot be published online due to it
being graded by the College Board.

The first Performance task will be completed first semester and will be the Explore Performance task,
time producing and writing responses will be a minimum of 8 hours.
The second Performance task will be completed prior to April 30th and will be the Create Performance
task, dedicated time producing and writing responses will be a minimum of 12 hours.

Please see the attached specifications and rubrics.

AP®CCoamppsutotenreSPcrioegnrcaemPrinciples HandoutCourse and Exam Description

Performance Task: Explore – Impact of
Computing Innovations

Overview

Computing innovations impact our lives in ways that require considerable study and
reflection for us to fully understand them. In this performance task, you will explore
a computing innovation of your choice. Your close examination of this computing
innovation will deepen your understanding of computer science principles.

Please note that once this performance task has been assigned as an assessment
(rather than as practice), you are expected to complete the task with minimal
assistance from anyone. For more clarification see the Guidelines for Completing the
Through-Course Assessment section.

You will be provided with 8 hours of class time to develop, complete, and submit the
following:

▶ A computational artifact

▶ Written responses

Scoring rubrics and instructions for submitting your performance tasks are available
on the AP Computer Science Principles Course Home Page.

Note: Students in nontraditional classroom environments should consult a school-
based AP Coordinator for submission instructions.

General Requirements

This performance task requires you to select and investigate a computational
innovation that:

▶ has had or has the potential to have significant beneficial and harmful effects on
society, economy, or culture;

▶ consumes, produces, and/or transforms data; and

▶ raises at least one data storage concern, data privacy concern, or data security
concern.

You are also required to:

▶ investigate your computing innovation using a variety of sources (e.g., print, online,
expert interviews);

© 2016 The College Board 108

AP®CCoamppsutotenreSPcrioegnrcaemPrinciples HandoutCourse and Exam Description

▶ cite at least three sources that helped you create your computational artifact and/or
formulate your written responses;

› At least two of the sources must be available online or in print; your third source
may be either online, in print, or a personal interview with an expert on the
computing innovation.

› At least two of the sources must have been created after the end of the previous
academic year.

▶▶ produce a computational artifact that illustrates, represents, or explains the
computing innovation's intended purpose, its function, or its effect; and

▶ provide written responses to questions about your computational artifact and
computing innovation.

Submission Requirements

1. Computational Artifact

Your computational artifact must provide an illustration, representation, or
explanation of the computing innovation’s intended purpose, its function, or its
effect. The computational artifact must not simply repeat the information supplied in
the written responses and should be primarily nontextual.

Submit a video, audio, or PDF file. Use computing tools and techniques to create one
original computational artifact (a visualization, a graphic, a video, a program, or an
audio recording). Acceptable multimedia file types include .mp3, .mp4, .wmv, .avi,
.mov, .wav, .aif, or .pdf format. PDFs must not exceed three pages. Video or audio
files must not exceed 1 minute in length and must not exceed 30MB in size.

2. Written Responses

Submit one PDF file in which you respond directly to each of the prompts below.
Clearly label your responses 2a–2e in order. Your responses must provide evidence
of the extensive knowledge you have developed about your chosen computing
innovation and its impact(s). Write your responses so they would be understandable
to someone who is not familiar with the computing innovation. Include citations,
as applicable, within your written responses. Your response to prompts 2a–2d
combined must not exceed 700 words. The references required in 2e are not
included in the final word count.

Computational Artifact

2a. Provide information on your computing innovation and computational artifact.

w Name the computing innovation that is represented by your computational
artifact.

w Describe the computing innovation’s intended purpose and function.

w Describe how your computational artifact illustrates, represents, or explains
the computing innovation’s intended purpose, its function, or its effect.

(Approximately 100 words)

© 2016 The College Board 109

AP®CCoamppsutotenreSPcrioegnrcaemPrinciples HandoutCourse and Exam Description

2b. Describe your development process, explicitly identifying the computing tools
and techniques you used to create your artifact. Your description must be
detailed enough so that a person unfamiliar with those tools and techniques will
understand your process. (Approximately 100 words)

Computing Innovation

2c. Explain at least one beneficial effect and at least one harmful effect the
computing innovation has had, or has the potential to have, on society, economy,
or culture. (Approximately 250 words)

2d. Using specific details, describe:

ww the data your innovation uses;

w how the innovation consumes (as input), produces (as output), and/or
transforms data; and

w at least one data storage concern, data privacy concern, or data security
concern directly related to the computing innovation.

(Approximately 250 words)

References

2e. Provide a list of at least three online or print sources used to create your
computational artifact and/or support your responses to the prompts provided
in this performance task.

ww At least two of the sources must have been created after the end of the
previous academic year.

ww For each online source, include the permanent URL. Identify the author,
title, source, the date you retrieved the source, and, if possible, the date the
reference was written or posted.

ww For each print source, include the author, title of excerpt/article and magazine
or book, page number(s), publisher, and date of publication.

ww If you include an interview source, include the name of the person you
interviewed, the date on which the interview occurred, and the person’s
position in the field.

w Include citations for the sources you used, and number each source
accordingly.

w Each source must be relevant, credible, and easily accessed.

© 2016 The College Board 110

AP® Computer Science Princi
Scoring Guid

Nove

Scoring Guidelines

The Explore Performance Task will be evaluated based upon the 7 discret
each criteria can earn a score of 1 or 0) for a total of 7 possible points.
The first criteria is evaluated based upon the computational artifact, usin
upon the written response.
Computational Artifact (and Written Response as needed)
1 Using Development Processes and Tools: The computational art

representation, or explanation of the computing innovation’s int
Written Response
2 Analyzing Impact of Computing: States a plausible fact about the
3 Analyzing Impact of Computing: Identifies at least ONE effect of
4 Analyzing Impact of Computing: Identifies a beneficial effect AND

identified effects impacts or has the potential to impact society, e
5 Analyzing Data and Information: Identifies the data that the com

transformed.
6 Analyzing Data and Information: Identifies one storage, privacy,

innovation.
7 Finding and Evaluating Information: Provides inline citations of a

used to justify the response.

iples — Explore Performance Task
delines and Notes

ember 2016

te criteria listed below. Each criteria is scored individually on a binary scale (i.e.,
ng the written response as needed. The remaining six criteria are evaluated based

tifact identifies the computing innovation and provides an illustration,
tended purpose, function, or effect.

e computing innovation’s intended purpose or function.
the computing innovation.
ND a harmful effect of the computing innovation. Explains how ONE of the
economy, or culture.
mputing innovation uses. Explains how that data is consumed, produced, OR
, OR security concern. Explains how the concern is related to the computing
at least 3 attributed sources within the written response. The citations must be

Copyright © 2016. The College Board.

Scoring Notes

Criteria Scoring Notes Examples that will earn a po

Using Development • This score is based on the This example includes a compu
Processes and computational artifact. As name of the computing innova
Tools explains its function.
needed, the written response
Criteria 1: The can be used to provide additional
computational information required to earn this • The submission includes a v
artifact identifies
the computing
innovation and point. over explaining that the fun
provides an • The name of the computing and process images, sound
illustration,
representation, or innovation needs to be explicitly high rate of speed.
explanation of the stated either in the written
computing response, computational artifact,
innovation’s OR in sound within the
intended purpose, computational artifact.
function, or effect.

LO: 1.2.1, 1.2.2

Weighted: 20%

Analyzing Impact of • This score should be based solely This example includes a plausib
Computing on the written responses. intended purpose.

Criteria 2: States a • The statement should include Cloud computing allows a u
plausible fact about the intended purpose or function •
the computing of the computing innovation various types, as well as sh
innovation’s
intended purpose
or function. from a design perspective. tablets, or smartphones.
• The response can include this
LO: 7.1.1, 7.3.1 statement with or without an This example includes a plausib

Weighted: 10% attribution through citation or intended function.

reference. • Drones can fly at 30 mph a

sending location or temper
task.

Analyzing Impact of • This score should be based solely This example identifies one eff
Computing on the written responses.

Criteria 3: Identifies • The response can provide a • A beneficial effect of a self-
at least ONE effect beneficial effect or a harmful accident with other vehicle
of the computing effect. location to another.
innovation.

oint for each criteria Examples that will not earn a point
for each criteria
utational artifact that explicitly states the
ation in the voice over of the video and This example does not include a
computational artifact or a written
video about the Synapse chip with voice response that names the computing
nction of the chip is to recognize patterns innovation and does not explain the
d, and other sensory data accurately at a purpose, function, or effect of the
computing innovation.

• The submission includes an image
and a written response without the
name of the computing innovation.

ble fact about the computing innovation’s These examples are facts or opinions
user to effectively and easily store files of about the computing innovation. They do
hare these files with devices such as laptops, not state a plausible fact about the
computing innovation’s intended purpose
or function.

ble fact about the computing innovation’s • Cloud computing is not expensive to
purchase.

• The Ehang184 drone is as big as a
and communicate with other drones (e.g., small car and has 8 propellers on 4
rature data) to work together to complete a arms

fect of the computing innovation. These examples are facts or opinions
-driving car is the ability to avoid an about the computing innovation. They do
es on a predetermined path from one not identify an effect of the computing
innovation.

Copyright © 2016. The College Board.

Criteria Scoring Notes Examples that will earn a po

LO: 7.1.1, 7.3.1 • The response does not need to
Weighted: 15% describe the effect.

• The response does not need to
connect the effect with society,
economy or culture.

• The effect can be the same as
one of the effects identified in
criteria 4.

Analyzing Impact of • This score should be based solely This example identifies a benef
Computing on the written responses. computing innovation, and exp
Criteria 4: Identifies economy.
a beneficial effect • The response can include similar • A beneficial effect of self-
AND a harmful words that mean “benefit” and
effect of the “harmful”. accident with other vehicl
computing location to another. Accor
innovation. • There are 3 aspects required to Vehicle System Internatio
Explains how ONE meet this criteria: $576M and 42 lives daily.
of the identified o Identifying a beneficial effect; (e.g., ability to avoid accid
effects impacts o Identifying a harmful effect; users from unforeseen fin
society, economy, and and medical and legal exp
or culture. o Explicitly explaining and rely on cameras and laser
LO: 7.1.1, 7.3.1 connecting ONE of the road, a negative effect of
Weighted: 15% effects to society, economy effectively during incleme
or culture. lines drawn on the road a
covered with snow. In the
• “Hacking” can be stated as a function accurately and ac
valid effect only if the computing circumstances.
innovation is a hacking device or
is intended for hacking.

• Students who receive this point
will get a point in criteria 3 as
well.

oint for each criteria Examples that will not earn a point
for each criteria

• More self-driving cars are being
manufactured for people who can
afford to purchase these cars.

• Drones are mainly used by military
personnel during special missions.

ficial effect and a harmful effect of the While this example explains one impact
plains how the beneficial effect impacts of the computing innovation, it does not
-driving cars is the ability to avoid an identify a beneficial effect or a harmful
les on a predetermined path from one effect of the computing innovation.
rding to the Association of Unmanned • According to the Association of
onal (AUVSI), the cost of car accidents is
[3] The functionality of self-driving cars Unmanned Vehicle System
dents) can impact the economy by saving International (AUVSI), the cost of car
nancial hardship in the form of car repairs, accidents is $576M and 42 lives
penses. However, because self-driving cars daily.[3] The functionality of self-
r sensors to monitor their position on the driving cars(e.g., the ability to avoid
f this functionality is the inability to do this accidents) can impact the economy
ent weather such as rain or fog when the by saving users lives.
are difficult to see, and especially if they are While this example identifies a beneficial
ese instances, self-driving cars do not effect of the computing innovation, it
ccidents can occur under these does not identify a harmful effect, and it
does not explain how a beneficial effect
or a harmful effect impacts society,
economy, or culture.

• A beneficial effect of the HoloLens, a
holographic computer, is the ability
to visually see places that normally
humans would not be able to see,
such as the bottom of the ocean or
the surface of Mars.

Copyright © 2016. The College Board.

Criteria Scoring Notes Examples that will earn a po

Analyzing Data and • This score should be based solely This example identifies the dat
Information on the written responses. this criteria only requires one e
Criteria 5: Identifies • There are 2 aspects required to produced, OR transformed, thi
the data that the meet this criteria: consumed and transformed.
computing
innovation uses. o Identifying specific data used
Explains how that by the computing innovation; • The HoloLens has multiple
data is consumed, and your surroundings, and se
produced, OR o Explaining how data is gestures. [2] These data a
transformed. unit (GPU) and a holograp
LO: 3.3.1 consumed, produced or the data (e.g., your surrou
Weighted: 15% transformed by the
computing innovation. holograms.

Analyzing Data and • This score should be based solely This example identifies a privac
Information on the written responses. concern is related to the comp
Criteria 6: Identifies
one storage, • There are 2 aspects required to • An app used by emergenc
privacy, OR security meet this criteria:
concern. Explains o Explicitly stating a storage, information that can be q
how the concern is permission for medical res
related to the privacy, or security concern;
computing and receive necessary medical
innovation. o Explaining how the concern is concerns with the use of t
LO: 3.3.1 share medical information
Weighted: 15% related to the computing personnel. Because patien
innovation.
HIPAA [1], access to the d
restricted to authorized m

oint for each criteria Examples that will not earn a point
for each criteria
ta the computing innovation uses. Though
explanation of how the data is consumed, This example states a fact about the
is example explains how the data is computing innovation. It does not
identify the data the computing
e built-in cameras that capture video of innovation uses and it does not explain
ensors that track your movements and how the data it uses is consumed,
are fed into an on-board graphics processing produced, or transformed.
phic processing unit (HPU) that transform
undings) into augmented reality (AR) and • Self-driving cars monitor their
position on the road with cameras
and sensors.

This example explains how data is
consumed and transformed but it does
not identify the data the computing
innovation uses.

cy concern and explains how the privacy • The data the HoloLens collects is fed
puting innovation. into an on-board graphics processing
cy medical responders stores patient unit (GPU) and a holographic
quickly accessed. Patients can provide processing unit (HPU) that transform
sponders to access their data in order to the data into augmented reality (AR)
l treatment but patients have privacy and holograms.
this app. The app provides the ability to
n easily to unauthorized users and This example does not identify a storage,
nt medical information is protected under privacy, or security concern and it does
data provided by this app should be not explain how a storage, privacy, or
medical responders. security concern is related to the
computing innovation.

• An app used by emergency medical
responders stores patient
information that can be quickly
accessed. Because patient medical
information is protected under
HIPAA [1], access to the data
provided by this app should be
restricted to authorized medical
responders.

Copyright © 2016. The College Board.

Criteria Scoring Notes Examples that will earn a po

Finding and • Submissions that include only a Together, these examples prov
Evaluating bibliography (or a list of different attributed sources tha
Information references) will not receive this

Criteria 7: Provides point. The submission must also • Because patient medical in
inline citations of at access to the data provide
least 3 attributed include at least three inline authorized medical respon
citations.
sources with the • The HoloLens has multiple
written response. your surroundings, and se
The citations must • Citation styles can include but
be used to justify are not limited to name,
the response.
superscript, number system. The gestures. [2]
type of inline citations used does • According to the Associati
LO 7.5.2 not have to be done correctly.
Any format works as long as it is
Weighted: 10% International (AUVSI), the
daily. [3]
clear.
[1] “188-Why is the HIPAA privacy rule
http://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-profess
needed/index.html. Accessed: Sept. 8,
[2] S. Charara, “Microsoft HoloLens: Ev
heardset,” Warable.com, 2016. [Online
https://www.wareable.com/microsoft
about-the-futuristic-ar-headset-735
[3] H. Logic, “Daily impact of self drivin
Unmanned Systems International,” in A
http://www.auvsi.org/auvsiresources/
Accessed: Sept. 8, 2016.

A computational artifact without citation or reference for image(s), video, or music used in the crea
program without citation or reference, are all considered plagiarized work. The work should be retur
Board.

oint for each criteria Examples that will not earn a point
for each criteria
vide a collection of inline citations of three
at are used to justify the response. These examples do not include inline
citations of any attributed sources.

nformation is protected under HIPAA [1], • Because patient medical information
ed by this app should be restricted to is protected, access to the data
nders. provided by this app should be
restricted to authorized medical
e built-in cameras that capture video of responders.
ensors that track your movements and
• The HoloLens has multiple built-in
cameras that capture video of your
ion of Unmanned Vehicle System surroundings, and sensors that track
e cost of car accidents is $576M and 42 lives
your movements and gestures.

e needed,” HHS.gov, 2015. [Online]. Available: • A beneficial effect of a self-driving
sionals/faq/188/why-is-the-privacy-rule- car is the ability to avoid an accident
, 2016. with other vehicles, which can cost
verything you need to know about the $3000 AR both money and lives.

e]. Available:
t/microsoft-hololens-everything-you-need-to-know-

ng cars in the United States – Association for
AUVSI All Things Unmanned [Online]. Available:
/knowledge/dailylossesinaworldwithoutselfdrivingcars.

ation of the computational artifact, and a code segment(s) written by someone else used in a
rned to the student to add the necessary citations or references before submitting it to College

Copyright © 2016. The College Board.

AP®CCoamppsutotenreSPcrioegnrcaemPrinciples HandoutCourse and Exam Description

Performance Task: Create – Applications
from Ideas

Overview

Programming is a collaborative and creative process that brings ideas to life
through the development of software. Programs can help solve problems, enable
innovations, or express personal interests. In this performance task, you will be
developing a program of your choice. Your development process should include
iteratively designing, implementing, and testing your program. You are strongly
encouraged to work with another student in your class.

Please note that once this performance task has been assigned as an assessment
(rather than as practice), you are expected to complete the task with minimal
assistance from anyone other than your collaborative partner. For more clarification
see the Guidelines for Completing the Through-Course Assessment section.

You will be provided with 12 hours of class time to complete and submit the following:

▶ A video of your program running

▶▶ Individual written responses about your program and development process

▶ Program code

Scoring rubrics and instructions for submitting your performance tasks are available
on the AP Computer Science Principles Course Home Page.

Note: Students in nontraditional classroom environments should consult a school-
based AP Coordinator for instructions.

General Requirements

This performance task requires you to develop a program on a topic that interests you
or one that solves a problem. It is strongly recommended that a portion of the program
involve some form of collaboration with another student in your class. Your program
development must also involve a significant amount of independent work in the
planning and designing parts of the process.

You are required to:

▶ iteratively design, implement, and test your program;

▶ independently create at least one significant part of your program;

▶ create a video that displays the running of your program and demonstrates its
functionality;

© 2016 The College Board 111

AP®CCoamppsutotenreSPcrioegnrcaemPrinciples HandoutCourse and Exam Description

▶ write responses to questions about your program; and

▶ include your entire program code.

Program Requirements

Your program must demonstrate a variety of capabilities and implement several
different language features that, when combined, produce a result that cannot be
easily accomplished without computing tools and techniques. Your program should
draw upon mathematical and logical concepts, such as use of numbers, variables,
mathematical expressions with arithmetic operators, logical and Boolean operators
and expressions, decision statements, iteration, and/or collections.

Your program must demonstrate:

▶ use of several effectively integrated mathematical and logical concepts, from the
language you are using;

▶ implementation of an algorithm that integrates other algorithms and integrates
mathematical and/or logical concepts; and

▶ development and use of abstractions to manage the complexity of your program
(e.g., procedures, abstractions provided by the programming language, APIs).

Submission Requirements

1. Video

Submit one video in .mp4, .wmv, .avi, or .mov format that demonstrates the running
of at least one significant feature of your program. Your video must not exceed
1 minute in length and must not exceed 30MB in size.

2. Written Responses

Submit one PDF file in which you respond directly to each prompt. Clearly label
your responses 2a–2d in order. Your response to all prompts combined must not
exceed 750 words, exclusive of the Program Code.

Program Purpose and Development

2a. Provide a written response or audio narration in your video that:

w identifies the programming language;

w identifies the purpose of your program; and

w explains what the video illustrates.

(Approximately 150 words)

2b. Describe the incremental and iterative development process of your program,
focusing on two distinct points in that process. Describe the difficulties and/
or opportunities you encountered and how they were resolved or incorporated.

© 2016 The College Board 112

AP®CCoamppsutotenreSPcrioegnrcaemPrinciples HandoutCourse and Exam Description

In your description clearly indicate whether the development described
was collaborative or independent. At least one of these points must refer to
independent program development. (Approximately 200 words)

2c. Capture and paste the program code segment that implements an algorithm
(marked with an oval in section 3 below) that is fundamental for your program
to achieve its intended purpose. Your code segment must include an algorithm
that integrates other algorithms and integrates mathematical and/or logical
concepts. Describe how each algorithm within your selected algorithm
functions independently, as well as in combination with others, to form a
new algorithm that helps to achieve the intended purpose of the program.
(Approximately 200 words)

2d. Capture and paste the program code segment that contains an abstraction you
developed (marked with a rectangle in section 3 below). Your abstraction should
integrate mathematical and logical concepts. Explain how your abstraction
helped manage the complexity of your program. (Approximately 200 words)

3. Program Code

Capture and paste your entire program code in this section.

› Mark with an oval the segment of program code that implements the algorithm
you created for your program that integrates other algorithms and integrates
mathematical and/or logical concepts.

› Mark with a rectangle the segment of program code that represents an
abstraction you developed.

› Include comments or citations for program code that has been written by
someone else.

© 2016 The College Board 113

AP Computer Science Principles Performance Task: Create — Ap

CONTENT LOW PERFOR
AREA &
WEIGHTING The video demonstrates the running of at least one feature of The video demonstrates
the program. the program.
1: Developing a The written response or
Program with a OR video illustrates, withou
Purpose The written response or video narration summarizes what the purpose.
video illustrates, without clearly identifying the program’s
Submission purpose. The response describes
Requirement: 1; 2a encountered (or two diff
points in the developme
LO: 5.1.1; OR
5.1.2; 5.4.1 The response must iden
development of the prog
Weighted: 20% The response identifies the steps in the development of the
program in at least one point. The selected algorithm
2: Developing a new algorithms and inte
Program with a AND concepts to create a ne
Purpose The response must identify at least one point in the
development of the program that was completed independently. The response identifies
Submission and accurately describe
Requirement: 2b achieves this purpose.
*If needed, more than o
LO: 5.1.1; OR selected as part of the r
5.1.2

Weighted: 20%

3: Applying The selected algorithm is a commonly used algorithm and
Algorithms integrates mathematical and/or logical concepts.

Submission AND
Requirement: 2c The response provides a general description of the algorithm
OR a correct line-by-line summary of the algorithm.
LO: 4.1.1; 4.1.2;
5.2.1; 5.5.1 *If needed, more than one area of the program code can be
selected as part of the response to describe the algorithm.
Weighted: 30%

4: Applying The selected abstraction includes mathematical and/or logical The selected abstractio
Abstraction concepts and serves to manage complexity of the program. concepts and serves to

Submission AND The response indicates
Requirement: 2d The response indicates that an abstraction was developed and provides an accurate de
provides a general description or summary of the purpose the the abstraction.
LO: 2.2.1; 5.3.1 abstraction.
*When necessary, the r
Weighted: 30% *If needed, more than one area of the program code can be list(s) or procedure(s), a
selected as part of the response to describe the abstraction. return values in the abs
**If needed, more than
selected as part of the r

A program that uses a code segment(s) written by someone else without citation or reference is co
citations or references before submitting it to College Board.

pplications from Ideas Rubric for 2016-17 Academic Year

RMANCE QUALITY HIGH

MEDIUM The video demonstrates the running of at least one feature of
the program that illustrates the program’s intended purpose as
s the running of at least one feature of described in the written response or the video narration.

AND
r video narration summarizes what the
ut clearly identifying the program’s

s a difficulty and an opportunity The response describes a difficulty and an opportunity
ficulties or two opportunities) at two encountered (or two difficulties or two opportunities) at two
ent of the program. points in the development of the program.

AND AND
ntify at least one point in the The response describes how each of the difficulties and/or
gram that was completed independently. opportunities were resolved and incorporated as part of an
incremental and iterative development process.

AND
The response must identify at least one point in the
development of the program that was completed independently.

integrates two or more commonly used or The selected algorithm integrates two or more commonly used or
egrates mathematical and/or logical new algorithms, and integrates mathematical and/or logical
ew algorithm. concepts to create a new algorithm.

AND AND
s the algorithm’s purpose in the program The response identifies the algorithm’s purpose in the program
es with specificity how the algorithm and accurately describes with specificity how the algorithm
achieves this purpose.

one area of the program code can be AND
response to describe the algorithm. The response accurately describes how two of the algorithms
function independently as well as in combination to create a new
algorithm.

*If needed, more than one area of the program code can be
selected as part of the response to describe the algorithm.

on integrates mathematical and/or logical The selected abstraction integrates mathematical and/or logical
o manage complexity of the program. concepts and serves to manage complexity of the program.

AND AND
s that an abstraction was developed and The response indicates that an abstraction was developed and
escription with specificity of the purpose of provides an accurate description with specificity of the purpose
of the abstraction.

response should include descriptions of a AND
and explains any use of parameters and The response explains how the abstraction manages
straction. complexity of the program due to the inclusion of the
one area of the program code can be abstraction in the program or explains how the program would
response to describe the abstraction. function without the abstraction.

*When necessary, the response should include descriptions of a
list(s) or procedure(s), and explains any use of parameters and
return values in the abstraction.
**If needed, more than one area of the program code can be
selected as part of the response to describe the abstraction.

onsidered plagiarized work. The work should be returned to the student to add the necessary

Copyright © 2016. The College Board.