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Spraying
Figure 27. Spraying Equipment Equipment is use
Source: transtank.com
for sprinkler
irrigation, herbicide

and chemical
application for pest

and diseases,
fertilzers and etc

(Wikipedia)

Crop/Stick Puller
is use for residue
management and
seedbed preparation
tool for multiple
crops including
corn, cotton, milo
and sunflowers.

Figure 28. Crop/Stick
Puller Source: orthman.com

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Figure 30. Wooden

Harrow Source:

gltnhs-tle.weebly.com

Buster primarily
used to create

furrows in areas of
vegetation

Harrows are use for
tilling and

pulverizing the soil.
It can either be

pulled by animals
or mounted by
tractor.

Figure 29. Buster
Source: blog.machinefider.com

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Lister is use to
improve connection

of tractor and
implement.

Figure 31. Lister
Source: www.youtube.com

Mulcher is use for
clearing and cutting

of hay or grasses
that can spread as
mulch in the field.

Figure 32. Mulcher
Source: agriexpo.online.com

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Figure 34. Tandem Source:

pininterest.com

Ripper is use to breaks up
compacted soil
layers for 35-50cm depth.

Figure 33. Ripper
Source: agri.wa.gov.au

Tandem is use for heavy
work by
combining two small or
medium sized tractors
which can be quickly
uncoupled into regular
tractors (Source:

pdf.semanticscholar.org)

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Figure 35. Rotavator
Source: gltnhs-tle.weebly.com

Figure 36. Rakes Rakes is use for
Source: www.tractorsupply.com smoothing, raking or

Rotavator is an contouring soil
implement attached surfaces.
to tractor that is use

for tilling and
pulverizing soil.

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Farm Equipment
These are other equipment needed for the cultivation of Soil.

Water pumps are use
to draw irrigation

water from a source.

Figure 37. Water Pump
Source: gltnhs-tle.weebly.com

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Name the Self-Check 1.2-2

the name Picture
the box Instruction: Write
of the Implements in
provided.

1.
_____________________ 2. _____________________

3. _____________________ 4. _____________________

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Answer Key 1.2-2

1. Mulcher
2. Rake
3. Rotavator
4. Harrow

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Information Sheet 1.2-3
Maintenance and Servicing

At the end of the module, YOU MUST ABLE TO:

1. Explain the importance of maintenance and servicing of tools, equipment
and vehicles use for cultivation

2. Perform maintenance and servicing of tools, equipment and vehicles

Knowing how to use the tools, equipment and vehicles is good but
performing maintenance and servicing of
them is better. Before employing or
performing maintenance and servicing
always remember to
observe OHS because you can get
harmed
during the maintenance work and it will
result
to poor maintenance. In this information
sheet,

it will focus on discussion of maintenance and
servicing of tools, equipment and vehicles use

for cultivation.

Reasons for Maintenance (easyelimu.com)

1. To increase durability Maintenance Source:
2. Increase efficiency maintworld.com
3. Reduce cost of replacement
4. For safety of user/operator

Figure 38. Performing

5. Avoid the damage of tool, equipment and vehicle

Schedule of Maintenance:

∙ For Equipment and Vehicles use manufacturer’s manual
∙ For tools maintenance are done before and after use

Reminder when performing maintenance and servicing

∙ Wear Appropriate PPE
∙ Observe OHS
∙ Strictly prohibit children come near the servicing area

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Table 7. Tools for Servicing of Machineries/Vehicles

Tools Figure Uses

Oil Filter Wrench Use to clean out
impurities in engine oil.

Source: www.thedrive.com

Ratchet and Use to turn fastener
Sockets like bolts and nuts

Source: www.photodictionary.com

Wrench Set Source: wikipedia Used to provide grip
Impact Gun and mechanical
advantage in applying
torque to turn objects
– usually rotary
fastener such as bolts
and nuts.
Used to deliver high
torque output with
minimal exertion.

Screw driver Source:Wikipedia Used for turning screws
Plier Source:www.britannica.com with slotted heads.
Used to hold object
Source: Wikipedia firmly, bend and
compressing a material.

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Vise grip Source: homestuffworks.com Used for removing
broken screws and
loosening frozen nuts.

Funnel Used for guiding liquid
Hammer into small opening such
as engine oil, etc.

Source: homesciencetools.com

Used to deliver impact
to a small area of an
object.

Source:Wikipedia

Pressure gauge Checks tire pressure
and inflator and inflate or deflate
tires to the optimal
pressure level.

Source: www.amazon.com

Wire Stripper Used to strip the
electrical insulation
from electrical wire.

Jack Source: wikipedia Used to lift the vehicles
Source: www.thomasnet.com for servicing and
maintenance
operations.

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Materials

1. Hose

2. Water

3. Steel Wool
4. Gasoline/Diesel

5. Wire Brush
6. Engine Oil

7. Gear Oil

8. Sharpening Stone

Large tools maintenance such as pick-mattock, shovel, spade etc.

1. Wear PPE
2. Clean by the use of water to remove dirt and other inert materials stick

from the tool
3. Use sharpening stone to sharpen the edge that will result to less effort

of usage when cutting soil.

4. Use medium-grit sandpaper to remove rust
5. You can also cut the edge of the tool if needed or worn out
6. Implement 5’s

Small tools such as pruners, shears, loppers, etc.

1. Wear PPE
2. Clean by the use of water to remove dirt and other inert materials stick

from the tools

3. Disassemble for better cleaning
4. Clean accumulated rust and dirt of their surfaces through wire brush.

For small tools, use fine steel wool.

5. Lubricate the tools with oil
6. Sharpen tools using sharpening stone
7. Implement 5’s

Maintenance of Implements (Source: http://osha.europa.eu)

1. Wear PPE
2. Cleaning and Clearing of Blockage
3. Lubricating
4. Sharpening blades, saw chains and drills
5. Replacing broken and used parts
6. Checking connections nuts and volts
7. Tools must be kept in good condition and appropriately stored.

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Maintenance and servicing of vehicles (Source: http://osha.europa.eu)

1. Wear PPE
2. Check brakes, clutches and drives, repair if necessary
3. Check fluid levels (hydraulic fluid, coolants, oil), fill if needed
4. Charge batteries
5. Check tires and wheels, repair if needed.
6. Remove/exchange wheels if needed
7. Check air hoses, replace if necessary
8. Check hydraulic lifts and coupling devices, maintain and replace if

necessary.
9. Check tire pressure
10. Lubrication of the Power-take-off Shaft

Documentation and Record Keeping

After maintenance and servicing, it is important to keep record for keeping
track of the activities and maintenance done for a vehicle or equipment. Here
are the importance of record keeping.

Importance of Record Keeping (manufacturingnet.com, 2014)

1. Inspection and Compliance
Provide correct documentation for the technician in case of need of
expertise for the repair of the vehicle or equipment

2. Budgeting and Capital Expenditure
Helps the owner with planning annual budget for maintenance and
repairing of the equipment and vehicles

3. Replacing equipment
This leads to replacing equipment which leads to cost saving. The
detailed documentation overtime will unmasks the patterns in repairs,
failures and expenditures.

4. Labor
This serves as track for elimination of redundant work. There is a
schedule of maintenance presented in the record.

5. Transcend People
Maintenance history record will easily transferred to the next
individual who will perform the maintenance and servicing of the
equipment and vehicles.

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The figure 52 shows as an example of Equipment Maintenance log that
can be used as template for keeping record of an equipment or vehicle.

Figure 39. Equipment Maintenance Log Template (Source: piniterest.com)

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Self-Check 1.2-3

Enumeration
Instruction: List down the following.

1. Procedures on Maintenance of Large Tools
2. Procedures on Maintenance of Small Tools
3. Procedures on Servicing and Maintenance of Equipment

4. Procedures on Maintenance of Vehicles

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Answer Key 1.2-3

1.

1. Wear PPE
2. Clean by the use of water to remove dirt and other inert materials stick

from the tool
3. Use sharpening stone to sharpen the edge that will result to less effort

of usage when cutting soil.
4. Use medium-grit sandpaper to remove rust
5. You can also cut the edge of the tool if needed or worn out
6. Implement 5’s

2.

1. Wear PPE
2. Clean by the use of water to remove dirt and other inert materials stick

from the tools
3. Disassemble for better cleaning
4. Clean accumulated rust and dirt of their surfaces through wire brush.

For small tools, use fine steel wool.
5. Lubricate the tools with oil
6. Sharpen tools using sharpening stone
7. Implement 5’s

3.

1. Wear PPE
2. Cleaning and Clearing of Blockage
3. Lubricating
4. Sharpening blades, saw chains and drills
5. Replacing broken and used parts
6. Checking connections nuts and volts
7. Tools must be kept in good condition and appropriately stored.

4.

1. Wear PPE
2. Check brakes, clutches and drives, repair if necessary
3. Check fluid levels (hydraulic fluid, coolants, oil), fill if needed

4. Charge batteries
5. Check tires and wheels, repair if needed.
6. Remove/exchange wheels if needed
7. Check air hoses, replace if necessary

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8. Check hydraulic lifts and coupling devices, maintain and replace if
necessary.

9. Check tire pressure
10. Lubrication of the Power-take-off Shaft

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JOB SHEET 1.2-3
Title: Perform Maintenance of Tractor

Performance Objective: Given different tractor, you should be able to
perform pre-operative maintenance of the

vehicle to be ready for cultivation within 1 hour.
Supplies/Materials : Personal Protective Equipment, Oil filter wrench,
Wrench set, Impact gun, pressure gauge and inflator, plier, wire
stripper, jack, funnel, hammer, wrench set, ratchet and sockets, screw
driver, vise grip, grease oil, engine oil, diesel, gasoline, water

Equipment/Vehicle : Tractor

Steps/Procedure:

1. Wear PPE
2. Ready the tools and materials needed
3. Proceed to Maintenance and Servicing area
4. Check brakes, clutches and drives
5. Check fluid levels (hydraulic fluid, coolants, oil)
6. Charge batteries
7. Check tires and wheels
8. Check wheels and tires
9. Check air hoses
10. Check hydraulic lifts and coupling devices
11. Check tire pressure
12. Lubrication of the Power-take-off Shaft

Assessment Method:

Interview

Written Test

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Performance Criteria Checklist 1.2-3

Trainee’s Name ______________________________ Date __________________

Please tick (√) the column that best describes your evaluation of each
identified evidences.

Criteria YES NO

Were you able to:

1. Observe OHS during the activity?

2. Identify the parts that has to replace?

3. Refill engine oil and diesel?
4. Follow the recommended pressure of the tires?

5. Fully charge the battery
6. Use the appropriate tools in maintenance?
7. Implement 5s after the activity?
8. Ready the tractor for cultivation?
9. Keep Record after the activity?

Comment(s):
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

______________________________________
Signature of Trainer over printed name

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INFORMATION 1.2-4
Proper Disposal of Wastes Related to

Maintenance and Servicing Work

At the end of the module, YOU MUST ABLE TO:

1. Describe proper waste disposal
2. Explain the importance of waste disposal management in the

environment.

Proper Waste Disposal (Debashree Sen, eHow.com)

With increasing population and
industrialization, waste management
is becoming a severe problem
around the world. Proper means of
waste disposal is crucial to public
health and the environment.

Benefits
1. Helps maintain a cleaner
environment and
reduces the

Figure 72. Waste Dumpsite (Source:
sustainability.energy.com) Figure 40. Waste

chances of spreading diseases.
2. Reduces the probability of contamination of the soil and groundwater.
3. Compliance and Implementation of the Republic Act no. 10771 or
the Philippine Green Jobs Act of 2016 (PGJA).

∙ This Law defines ‘green jobs’ as ‘employment that contributes to
preserving and restoring the quality of the environment, be it in
agriculture, industry or services. Specifically, but not exclusive,
this job that help and protect ecosystems and biodiversity, reduce
energy, materials and water consumption through high efficiency
strategies, de-carbonize the economy, and minimize or altogether
avoid the generation of all forms of waste and pollution.”

∙ As a TVET Institution we play an important role that we ensure

learners will acquire knowledge and skills to develop green
economy. TVET enhances the employability of workers and
productivity of enterprises. A worker who possesses knowledge,
skills and competencies oriented to green occupations is a more

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employable worker than someone who do not possess these
attributes. (Source: International Centre for Technical Vocational
Education and Training)
Proper Disposal of Waste Materials, (Vigliotti, 2012)

Safety and appropriate disposal of all containers, leftover fluid, waste
and debris from the maintenance and servicing work.

Recommended Waste Oil management

▪ Recycle waste oil instead of disposing of it.
▪ Check to see whether mixing used oil with other petroleum products or
solvents triggers a different waste classification.

▪ Avoid transferring materials close to storm drain inlets. ▪
Transfer liquid only in paved areas.

▪ Protect all loading / unloading activities from rainfall, run-off and wind
dispersal to the maximum extent practicable.
▪ Maintain adequate supplies of spill response equipment / materials in
accessible locations near areas where spills may be likely occur. ▪ Clean up
minor spills

immediately.

▪ Conduct regular

inspections of

storage

and

containment

equipment

and

promptly

correct

deficiencies to

this

equipment as

necessary.
▪ Properly label all

chemical containers

with information

including their
contents, hazards, spill response Figure 41. Oil Waste (Source:
and enviropolicyinfo.wordpress.com)

first aid procedures, manufacturer’s name / address, and storage
requirements. Maintain copies of MSDS in file for any materials stored
and / or handled.
▪ Reduce the quantities of chemicals stored outside to the minimum
volume required based on variables such as release potential, usage,
storage capacity, and chemical shelf life.

Best management practices for waste storage

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▪ Chemical waste should be appropriately labeled and segregated from
incompatible materials. Each container must have a label when waste
is first placed in it that includes the name, room#, building and
department or unit. A list of all components of comingled waste should
be provided.

▪ Train employees on proper procedures from for storing waste.
▪ Maintain good general housekeeping, including keeping aisles and

walkways clear.
▪ Minimize the amount of chemicals stored to the minimum quantities

needed to avoid having to dispose of chemicals that expire or
deteriorate during storage.

o Containment and proper identification of chemicals. Inspection

should be documented, including findings and recommended
corrective actions.

Hazardous Waste – material / products from institution, commercial,
recreational, industrial and agricultural sources that contain certain
chemicals with one or more of the following characteristics as defined by
Environmental Protection Agency. These are toxic, flammable, corrosive and
reactive

Gasoline Waste Disposal. Collect waste gasoline in an appropriate container
for transfer to Environmental and Waste Management Service Division. Label
the container with a “Hazardous Waste Label”.

Instructions

1. Review local city policies for materials that are collected for recycling
and composting, as well as for guidelines for the hazardous waste.

2. Contact local businesses or universities for recycling programs since
many have their own recycling programs or will accept unused
materials. For example, many grocery stores recycle plastic bags, car
garages may accept unused motor oil, and pharmacies will often take
back unused medicine.

3. Check for local, national or international recycling or donation
programs. Many charities collect gently worn shoes to provide to the
poor or can recycle the materials into athletic surface

4. Read the labels of waste products. Often these labels will tell you if the
product is recyclable or will indicate a method for proper disposal. If
the label does not indicate a method for proper disposal, then look for
the main ingredient and follow local ordinances for disposal of the
main ingredient

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5. Set up a compost bin in your backyard for garden and kitchen waste
such as leaves, weeds, coffee grounds, vegetable peels and egg shells.
With proper care, composted materials can become rich soil for
gardens.

6. Throw any waste that

is not
compostable,

recyclable or
hazardous in the
trash.

Methods of Waste Figure 42. Tractor tires’ waste (Source:
Disposal adlibeversite.co.uk)
(Taylor, eHow.com)

Prevention and
Reduction.

The best method of
managing
waste is prevention and
reduction, which can be
achieved in a number of ways
like recycling and making use
of secondhand items.

Energy Recovery. Energy
recovery is a promising form

of waste disposal. It works by recycling some forms of waste into a fuel
source for heating, cooking and powering turbines.

Biological Reprocessing. Biological reprocessing methods such as
composting can be used for organic waste like food, paper and plant
material.

Sanitary Landfill. Sanitary landfill disposal is convenient but may
experience a lot of growth and require manpower to maintain.

Incineration. In Japan, incineration is popular due to the minimal land
available for disposal, but there is some concern about the release of
micro-pollutants like dioxins from incinerator stacks.

Ocean Dumping. Controversy surrounds ocean dumping as a waste
disposal method. Although the waste may provide nutrients for some
sea life, it's widely believed that the harmful effects would outweigh
any benefit.

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SELF CHECK 1.2-4

Identification
Instructions:
Read the following statement carefully. Identify what is ask. Write your
answer on the space provided.

________ 1. It is a method of waste disposal which is a promising form of
waste disposal. It works by recycling some forms of waste into a fuel source
for heating, cooking and powering turbines.

________ 2. This is a controversial method of waste disposal

________ 3. This is a material / products from institution, commercial,
recreational, industrial and agricultural sources that contain certain
chemicals with one or more of the following characteristics

________ 4. This is a method of waste disposal such as composting can be
used for organic waste like food, paper and plant material.

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