Milling Work piece (Basic)

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Notes Format of Learner’s Guide

Course: Machining
Unit of competency: Mill work piece (Basic)
Milling Work piece (Basic)
Module: At the end of this module, learners should be able to:
Learning outcomes:
1. Determine job requirements.
Duration: 2. Setup work piece
Situating Learning: 3. Perform milling operation
4. Check/ measure work piece
22 Hours
You are a milling operator in CMA Machine Shop Company that caters
different kinds of machine works. You were assigned by your supervisor to
fabricate four pieces of adjustable support for the granite plate table which
required leveling adjustment. The sketch design was given to you by your
supervisor without stating the actual dimensions.

In order to complete the task, you need to make a project plan and get all
the information needed for the work. That includes the technical drawing
(with dimension), materials to be use, tools, accessories, equipment and the
sequence of operations to satisfy the task. You also need to check the
diameter of the legs of the granite plate table and get all the necessary
information to accomplish the project plan. The project plan will serve as
your guide while performing the work.

After you have finished with the project plan, consult your supervisor for
checking if your technical design fits according to the specified
requirements. If your supervisor approved your project plan, you can
immediately fabricate the first piece by using the milling machine. You have
to apply all the related procedures in safety, setting up work piece and the
milling machine operation itself.

Assessment Criteria: After you finished the first piece, let your supervisor evaluate your work by
using measuring tools and other devices. The first piece will serve as your
prototype, in case you failed to satisfy the requirement, you can still make
some adjustment for your work. Your supervisor will check the dimension
and quality of your work. If he approves it, you continue with the remaining
three work pieces.
Accomplishing the task, would be a great contribution for the company.
Assessment requires evidence that the students should be able to;

Determined job requirements.
1. Shop safety practices are explained and identified.
 Safe working habits are observed.
 Hazardous areas are identified.
 Protective clothing and devices are used.
 Tools, equipment and materials are handled according to
the standards
 Work area is prepared according to the required level of
work.
 Proper housekeeping is performed.
 First-aid is performed according to the required procedure.

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© 2010, Institute of Technical Education, Singapore

DLM 03 Developing print-based Learner’s Guide including all related documents
Notes Format of Learner’s Guide

2. Drawings are interpreted to produce component to specifications
3. Types, parts and basic functions milling machine are categorized.
Set up workpiece
1. Types and functions of each work holding devices, cutting tools, and

accessories are categorized according to the required operation.
2. Work piece is setup to required level of accuracy using equipment

according to work site procedure.
3. Setup operations are performed according to safety procedures.

Performed milling operations
1. Speeds and feeds are set to requirements of the job.
2. Sequence of operation is determined to produce component to
specification.
3. Cutting tools are selected according to the requirements of the
operations.
4. Milling machine accessories used are appropriate to the
requirements of the operation.
5. Milling operations are performed to produce component to
specifications and safety procedures are applied.

Check/measure work piece
1. Work piece is checked/ measured in conformance to specification
using appropriate techniques.
2. Precise and accurate results in conformance to the required
specifications.

Learning chunk Performance Criteria Learning Activities Learning documents
(Documents referenced
1: Determine job Shop safety practices (Brief description of
requirements are explained and by each learning
identified. strategies, activity)

 Safe working sequence of lesson,  Read Information Sheet
habits are 1.1.1 – Shop Safety
observed. evaluation)
Practices
 Hazardous areas 1.1 Identify and  Answer Worksheet – 1.1.2
are identified. explain shop
safety practices.
 Protective a) Safe working
clothing and habits
devices are used. b) Identification
of hazardous
 Tools, equipment areas
and materials are c) Protective
handled clothing and
according to the devices
standards d) Safe
handling of
 Work area is tools,
prepared equipment
according to the and
materials.
e) Prepare work
area
f) House
keeping
g) First-aid

Pedagogical Training in Instructional Design & Delivery for TVET Page 2
© 2010, Institute of Technical Education, Singapore

DLM 03 Developing print-based Learner’s Guide including all related documents
Notes Format of Learner’s Guide

Learning chunk Performance Criteria Learning Activities Learning documents
(Brief description of (Documents referenced
2: Determine job required level of
requirements work. strategies, by each learning
 Proper house sequence of lesson, activity)
keeping is
performed. evaluation)
 First-aid is
performed
according to the
required
procedure.

 Drawings are 2.1 Identify and  Read Information Sheet
interpreted to interpret drawing/ 2.1.1 – Drawing
produce plans. Interpretation
component to
specifications 2.2 Introduction to  Answer Worksheet – 2.1.2
milling machine.
 Types, parts and  Read Information Sheet
basic functions of 2.3 Basic functions of 2.2.1 – Introduction to
milling machine milling machine.
are categorized. Milling Machine
 Answer Worksheet – 2.2.2

 Read and Perform

Operation Sheet
2.3.1 – Basic functions of

Milling Machine

3: Setup work piece  Types and 3.1 Identify and  Read Information Sheet
4: Setup work piece functions of each explain the types 3.1.1 – Work Holding
work holding and functions of Devices
devices, cutting work holding
tools and devices for milling  Read Information Sheet
accessories are machine. 3.2.1 – Cutting Tools and
categorized
according to the 3.2 Identify and Accessories
required explain the types
operation. and functions of
cutting tools and
accessories for
milling machine.

 Work piece is 4.1 Perform the  Read and Perform
setup to required procedure in Operation Sheet
level of accuracy setting the work 4.1.1 – Procedures In
using equipment piece. setting the work piece.
according to work 4.1a Setting the
site procedure. work piece for
vertical milling
 Setup operations machine.
are performed 4.1b Setting the
according to work piece for
safety horizontal milling
procedures. machine.

Pedagogical Training in Instructional Design & Delivery for TVET Page 3
© 2010, Institute of Technical Education, Singapore

DLM 03 Developing print-based Learner’s Guide including all related documents
Notes Format of Learner’s Guide

Learning chunk Performance Criteria Learning Activities Learning documents
5: Perform milling (Documents referenced
operations  Speeds and feeds (Brief description of
6: Perform milling are set to by each learning
operations requirements of strategies, activity)
the job.
7: Check/ measure sequence of lesson,  Read Information Sheet
work piece 5.1.1 – Speeds and feeds
8: Check/ measure evaluation)
work piece  Answer Worksheet –
5.1 Identify, explain 5.1.2
and calculate
formulas for
speeds and
feeds.

 Sequence of 6.1 Identify and  Read Information Sheet
operation is perform milling 6.1.1 – Milling safety
determined to safety practices
produce  Read and Perform
component to 6.2 Perform the Operation Sheets 6.2.1
specification. techniques in Basic Milling Operations
basic milling
 Cutting tools are operations
selected according (vertical and
to the horizontal)
requirements of 6.2a Sequence of
the operations. operations.
6.2b Selection
 Milling machine Cutting tools
accessories used 6.2c Appropriate
are appropriate to milling machine
the requirements accessories.
of the operation. 6.2d Cutting
methods
 Milling operations 6.2e Cutter
are performed to rotation
produce
component to
specifications and
safety procedures
are applied.

 Work piece is 7.1 Identify  Read Information Sheet
checked/ techniques in 7.1.1 Precision
measured in checking/ Measuring Instruments.
conformance to measurement in
specification using conformance to  Answer Worksheet –
appropriate the specification 8.1.1
techniques.
8.1 Checked/
 Precise and measure the work
accurate results in piece precise and
conformance to accurate in
the required conformance to
specifications. the required
specifications

Pedagogical Training in Instructional Design & Delivery for TVET Page 4
© 2010, Institute of Technical Education, Singapore

Information Sheet 1.1.1: Shop Safety Practices

Learning outcomes:
1 Determine job requirements
Learning Activity:
1.1 Identify and explain shop safety practices.

A. INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY

There has never been more meaningful saying than
“Safety is Everyone’s Business. “ To become a skilled
craftsman, it is very important for you to learn to work
safely, taking into consideration not only your own
safety but also the safety of your own fellow workers.

In general, everyone has a tendency to be careless
about safety at times. We take chances every day by
not wearing seat belts, walking under ladders,
cluttering the work area, and doing many other
careless and unsafe things. It seems that people tend to feel that accidents always happen
to others. However, be sure to remember that a moment of carelessness can result in an
accident, which can affect you for the rest of your life. A loss of eyesight due to not wearing
safety glasses or the loss of a limb due to loose clothing caught in a machine can seriously
affect or end your career in the machine tool trade. THINK SAFE, WORK SAFE, and BE
SAFE.

THE NEED FOR ACCIDENT PREVENTION

Industrial accidents are a serious community problem. Every year, hundreds of thousands
of people are kept away from work for at least one day and almost a million working person
per week are lost. Government and safety organizations are carrying out research on
accident causes and are promoting safe working practices.

Some of the findings of research apply particularly to the engineering worker. Research
shows that:

 Young workers and people new to their jobs are
more likely to have accidents.

 Overall, about one worker in every 34 has an than
accident in the course of a year, which keeps them
away from work for more than a week.

 These are average figures. In some industries the
probability of having an accident is much higher
in others. You can reduce the risk of having an
accident by learning to work safely.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 1.1.1: Shop Safety Practices

Two accidents out of three result people hurting themselves by straining, falling, slipping,
tripping, stumbling, being struck by moving or falling objects, or stepping on, or striking
against stationary objects.

By using common sense and obeying general safety rules you can save yourself and others
from being hurt.

Be a safe worker
 Think safely.
 Know the procedures for your job.
 Develop safe working habits.
 Set a good example for fellow workers.
 Continually try to improve your working habits.

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS

An accident often has more than one cause. Accident can be prevented by removing their
causes. Finding out what caused an accident is important. It can help in planning how to
prevent similar accidents.

There are two causes of accidents:
 Unsafe acts
 Unsafe conditions

The person who gets hurt does not always cause the accident. However, accidents
happened if some person failing to act safely or to correct an unsafe condition causes
accidents.

Think about these examples of unsafe acts:
 Using equipment without having received proper training in its use.
 Using tools or equipment the wrong way.
 Not using personal protective equipment, such as goggles, when the job
requires it.
 Fooling around and playing about.
 Hurrying and taking dangerous short cuts through the workshop or on the job.
 Distracting others from their work, or allowing yourself to be distracted.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 1.1.1: Shop Safety Practices

Consider these examples of unsafe conditions for the worker:

 Lack of instruction in safe methods.
 Lack of training.
 Unsuitable clothing for the task to be done.
 Physical defects, like poor eyesight, or defective hearing.
 Long hair near rotating machines.
 Lack of safeguards on machines.

CARE IN THE USE OF MACHINES

Machine tools can cause serious injuries when they are used incorrectly, or when persons
accidentally come into contact with moving parts. It is essential that you only use those
machines for which you have been trained and are authorized to use.

Never be afraid to say that you do not know how to use a machine. Failure to do this has
cost lives. Always keep your fingers away from moving parts an keep the following rules:

 Any machine guard that is damaged, not in place or working correctly, must
be reported immediately. The machinery must be labeled as unsafe and not
be operated until its guards are correctly in place.

 Never remove any machine guards unless you are told to do so in order to
clean, oil, set, adjust, or repair the machine.

 When guards are removed for the maintenance or adjustment of the machine,
they must be replaced before the machine is restarted.

 Guards and safety devices must never be made or left inoperative.
- Some machines can only be started by pressing two start buttons at
the same time. This is to make sure that the operator has both hands
clear when the machine is starting.

 Work to be drilled must be held in a safe way in a vice or a jig. Never try to
hold it still with your hand, even on a small drill.

 Never try to remove cutting chips from a machine with your hands. Use a
brush or a hook, and only when the machine is stationary.

 Switch off any machine at the machine switch, not at the supply point.

 When carrying out maintenance the machine must be electrically isolated and
clearly labeled DO NOT USE – MAINTENANCE IN PROGRESS

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 1.1.1: Shop Safety Practices

 Try not to get the tool wet and take extra care in damp situations.
- Do not let leads drag through the water.
- Wear rubber-soled shoes and rubber gloves.

 Consider the safety of others when using tools.
- Check behind partitions before drilling through them.
- Make use that others will not be hit by flying sparks, hot metal, etc.
(use screens)
- Do not leave an unattended power tool plugged in.

 It is your responsibility to avoid unsafe acts. You must, for your own sake and
that of others, learn to work safely. Any silly act that could cause danger to
yourself, or others, is irresponsible. Follow your supervisor’s instructions.
Always use the correct working methods.

B. SHOP SAFETY PRACTICES IN THE SHOP.

BEHAVIOR IN THE WORK AREA

Behavior that may be enjoyable on the playing field can be extremely dangerous on
concrete floors, or near sharp steel edges and moving machinery.

 Do not trip, or wrestle another person in your work area.
 Walk; don’t run along corridors, driveways or on staircases or anywhere in the

workplace.
 Do not play practical jokes
 Do not play with fire, electricity, compressed air or water- hoses (Death can

occur)
 Never throw things about your workplace.
 -It is especially dangerous to throw soiled rags or cottons waste. Although

they are light, they may contain metal filings or other sharp pieces that can cut
or cause serious eye injuries.
 Concentrate on the job you are doing, but be aware of what is happening
around you.
 Take notice of signs and barriers, which have been built to mark off unsafe
areas or conditions.
 Get to know your work area thoroughly.
 Do not distract anyone who is concentrating on his or her own job.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 1.1.1: Shop Safety Practices

CLOTHING AND SAFETY EQUIPMENT

It is your employer’s responsibility to provide a safe working environment, which includes a
risk- free work area and the provision of the necessary protective clothing and equipment
for your work.

 Always wear safety glasses, goggles, or face shields designed for the type of
work when operating the machine.

 Wear clothing suited for the job. Wear shoes with thick soles- safety shoes if
heavy work is being done.

 Do not wear rings, watches, bracelets, or other jewelry that could get caught
in moving machinery.

 Do not wear neckties or loose or torn clothing of any kind
 Wear shirts with short sleeves. Roll long sleeves above the elbows.
 Always remove gloves before turning on or operating any machine. If material

is rough or sharp hand gloves must be worn.
 Always wear Personal protective equipment while doing your job.

HOUSEKEEPING

 Aisles should be clear at all times to avoid tripping or other accidents.
 Keep floors free of oil, grease, or any other type of liquid. Clean up spilled

liquids immediately; they are slipping hazards.
 Keep the floor clear of metal chips and scrap pieces. Put them in the

containers provided for them. Scrap pieces are tripping hazards, and chips
may cut through a shoe and injure the foot.
 Place all scrap pieces in the correct containers.
 Store materials in such a way that they cannot become tripping hazards.
 Put tools away when not in use.
 Do not leave tools or work on the table of a machine even if the machine is
not running. Tools or work may fall off and cause toe or foot injury.
 Always keep the machine and hand tools clean.
 Always use a brush and not a cloth to remove any chips.
 Never placed tools or materials on the floor close to machine where they will
interfere with the operator’s ability to move safely around the machine.
 Return bar stock to the storage rack after cutting off the required length.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 1.1.1: Shop Safety Practices

C. GENERAL SHOP SAFETY

Sometimes a safety rule is repeated because it may be applicable in more than one area.

 Always wear SAFETY GLASSES in the shop.
 Do not set up or operate any machinery unless an instructor is in the shop.
 Do not operate any machine unless authorized to do so by an instructor or

under an instructor's supervision.
 Use the proper tool for the job. Many cuts in the shop occur because a

wrench slips and a hand hits a sharp cutting tool.
 Check tools before use to assure they are safe to use.
 Do not leave tools or work on the table of a machine even if the machine is

not running. Tools or work may fall off and cause a toe or foot injury.
 Put tools away when not in use.
 Place all scrap pieces in the correct containers.
 Never handle chips with your hands or fingers. Chips are extremely sharp and

can easily cause cuts.
 Use a brush to remove chips -- not hands, fingers, or rags.
 Never wear gloves or use rags to clean the work piece or any part of a

machine that is running. Rotating tools or parts can grab gloves and rags and
pull you into the machine.
 Never use compressed air to clean any machine.
 Never use compressed air to clean your clothes or yourself.
 If using compressed air to clean a part, point the air hose down and away
from yourself and other persons.
 Even after the power is off, do not leave the machine until it has stopped
running. Someone else may not notice that it is still in motion and be injured.
Do not leave a machine until it has come to a complete stop.
 Do not try to stop the machine with your hands or body.
 Always see that work and cutting tools on any machine are clamped securely
before starting to work.
 All set- screws should be of the flush or recessed type. If they are not, move
with caution when near them. Projecting set- screws are very dangerous
because they may catch on sleeves or clothing.
 Only one person should operate the machine or switches.
 Do not lean against the machine (s).
 Always remove gloves before turning on or operating any machine. If material
is rough or sharp and gloves must be worn, place or handle material with the
machine turned off.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 1.1.1: Shop Safety Practices

 Get first aid immediately for any injury.

Get help for handling large, long, or

heavy pieces of material or machine

attachments.

 Follow safe lifting practices; lift with your leg

muscles, not your back. If you do not

know how to lift safely, ask an instructor to

show you.

 Be sure you have sufficient light to see

clearly. Check with an instructor if you do not have enough.

 Do not walk behind a person operating a machine; you may bump him/her by

accident or startle them and cause an accident

D. WORKING WITH CHEMICALS

Thousands of chemicals are used in industry for a great variety of purposes and each year
many new chemicals are introduced. Many have toxic, corrosive, irritant, flammable or other
dangerous properties. Solid, dust, liquids, gases, vapors, mists and fumes can all be
dangerous.

All chemicals should be treated as HAZARDOUS.

The hazards associated with the use of the chemical should be on the label, and are
outlined in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) which is supplied with each chemical.

All unnecessary contact with chemicals must be avoided.

 Read the label before handling any chemical.
- Make sure that you fully understand all instructions.

 Where possible substitute safer chemicals for ones which are known to be
very dangerous.

 Make sure there is good ventilation if you must work with chemicals.

What you can do yourself

 Do not smoke, drink or eat in the workplace.
 Wash your hands before eating, drinking, or using toilet, especially after

working with chemicals.
 Avoid breathing vapors, Use a respirator which is in good condition.
 Use the correct type of protective clothing.
 Use protective creams to protect your hands.
 Use safe mixing procedures for chemicals.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 1.1.1: Shop Safety Practices

Chemicals can be:

 Poisonous or toxic. They can be absorbed through lungs, skin or gut.
 Explosive or flammable, especially when exposed to air.
 Corrosive, to your skin.
 Irritants or sensitizers. Long term effects from chemical irritants are serious.

Chemical spills should be dealt immediately. Check with your supervisor the appropriate
clean-up procedures.

Chemical storage should be in proper storeroom. Poisonous chemical should be locked
away. Flammable chemicals should be stored separately. Containers should be clearly
labeled.

KNOW YOUR HAZCHEM (Hazardous Chemicals) SIGNS

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Worksheet 1.1.2: Shop Safety Practices

Learning outcomes:
1 Determine job requirements
Learning Activity:
1.1 Identify and explain shop safety practices.

Directions: Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false. Place your
answer on the space provided.

_____ 1. Safety is any mishap that causes injury to the body or a member of the body.
_____ 2. People familiar to their jobs are more likely to have accidents.
_____ 3. Take notice of signs and barriers, which have been built to mark off unsafe areas

or conditions.
_____ 4. You can run along corridors, driveways or on staircases or anywhere in the

workplace.
_____ 5. Accident is the condition of being safe from injury or loss.
_____ 6. Always wear gloves before turning on a machine.
_____ 7. Aisles should be clear at all times to avoid tripping or other accidents.
_____ 8. You can use any hand tools to hammer the work.
_____ 9. Accidents can never be prevented.
_____ 10. The person who gets hurt is always the cause of accidents.
_____ 11. Use only those machines for which you have been trained and are authorized to

use.
_____ 12. You can reduce the risk of having an accident by learning to work safely.
_____ 13. By using common sense and obeying general safety rules you can save yourself

and others from being hurt.
_____ 14. Wear rings, watches, bracelets, or other jewelry in the workshop area.
_____ 15. Horse playing is allowed inside the work area.

Directions: Answer the following questions. Place your answer on the space provided.

1. Why is there a need for accident prevention?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Worksheet 1.1.2: Shop Safety Practices

2. What are the advantages if the person is safety conscious?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. What is the importance of protective equipment in your work?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

Learning outcomes:
2 Determine job requirements
Learning Activity:
2.1 Identify and interpret drawing/ plans

A. INTRODUCTION TO TECHNICAL DRAWING

Drawing Equipment

Good drawings require good drawing equipment:
Drawing board, compass, set square, pencils (e.g. HB = 2 ½, 2H = 4) rubber, sanding
block, pens

Sheet Sizes

DIN A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6
420x594 297x420 210x297 148x210 105x148
mm 841x1189 594x841

Workpiece Length on drawing
length
S 1:1 S 2:1 S 5:1 S 1:2,5
10
7 20 50 4
25 14 35 2,8
105 50 125 10
210 525 42

The dimensions entered are always the actual dimensions of the workpiece.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

B. LINES

Types of Line Thickness Application (see above)
mm
Unbroken line
(thick) 0.7 Visible edges, limit of thread
0.5
Unbroken line
(thin) 0.35 Dimension lines, extension lines,
0.25 shading, diagonal lines, thread
lines

Dash: approx. 4mm Dash line 0.5 Concealed edges
Gap: 1mm (medium thickness) 0.35

Dash: approx. 7mm Dash/dot line 0.7 Section line
Gap: 1mm (thin, short) 0.5

Dash: approx. Dash/dot line 0.35 Center line
10mm (thin, long) 0.25
Gap: 1mm
Freehand line
(thin) 0.35 Break line
0.25

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

Further Applications:

Thick unbroken line: Welding seams, welding symbols, rimming
Thin unbroken line: Reference line, folding edges, cross sections
Thick dash/ dot line: Symbol for limited hardening
Thin dash/ dot line: Radius of gear teeth, hole circles,

machining allowances, extended lengths.

C. STANDARD LETTERING

Characteristics of standard lettering: easy to read, uniform, suitable for microfilming.

For lettering and drawing the same line thickness is used.
The lettering may be vertical or sloping less than 15 degrees to the right (italic)

Preferred in the vertical letter:

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

Nominal heights in mm. 5 7 10 14 20
2.5 3.5

Exercise 10/10 . h 2.5 Nominal height h 7
7/10 . h 2.5 3.5 5 7
Height of capital letters (h) 1/10 . h 3.5 5 5
Height of small letters (c) 14/10 . h - 2.5 3.5 0.7
Line thickness 2/10 .h 0.25 0.35 0.5 10
Smallest space between lines (b) 3.5 57 1.4
Smallest space between letters 0.5 0.7 1

The heights h and c should be no less than 2.5 mm. When using both, capital and small
letters a minimum lettering size of 3.5 mm should be chosen.

D. FLAT ANGULAR WORKPIECES IN ONE ELEVATION

Dimensions are entered in millimeters without
measures. Any deviating dimensions must be
specified in their corresponding measures.

In the line group 0.5 the dimension arrows are
2.5 mm long and blackened.

Dimension lines must have a distance of about
10 mm from the object edge and 7 mm from the
parallel dimension lines. The dimensions are
placed above the dimension lines and should be
staggered.
Dimension lines may only be broken if short of
space in order to enter dimensions.
The extension lines project 1 to 2mm beyond the
dimension lines.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

Dimensions must be either read from below or from
the right. For small dimensions, e.g. under 10 mm, the
arrows are placed outside. Should the space for
dimensions between the extension lines or the object
edge be insufficient, dimensions are entered above the
dimension arrows.

The dimensioning starts at the reference edges. The
smallest dimension is nearest to the workpiece. Obvious
dimensions are not entered.

Symmetrical workpieces are dimensioned symmetrical
to the center line which extends 2-3 mm beyond the
object edge.
Flat workpieces are presented in one elevation. The
workpiece thickness may be specified within the area or
next to it.
Example: t = 2 mm

Dimension lines may not be drawn from (a) object
edges, used as (b) extension lines and shall not be (c)
crossed by other dimension lines.

Dimension figures may not be divided by lines. Center
lines are to be broken.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

E. FLAT ROUNDED WORKPIECES IN ONE ELEVATION

Circles have a cross of center lines. Center lines
always intersect on a dash. They also begin and end
with a dash. Short center lines are simplified to thin
unbroken lines.
The diameter is shown by two dimension arrows on
the circumference or drawn on the extension lines of
the circle. In these cases no diameter symbol will be
used.

For very small circles the diameter dimension are
placed with a reference arrow pointing at the circle.
The diameter symbol Ø(7/10 h) is written in front of
the dimension. The same applies if only one
dimension arrow outside of the object edge.

If short of space the diameter dimension may be
placed together with a dimension arrow outside of
the object edge.

If several diameters of the same size are shown
only one is to be dimensioned. Center lines may be
used as extension lines. They are drawn outside the
object edge as thin unbroken lines. Distances
between holes are always taken from the center
point of the hole.

A radius is symbolized by R and has only one
dimension arrow at the circumference. The center
lines. In obvious cases the center point symbol may
be omitted.

If, due to shortage of space, the center point of a
large radius has to be brought close to the drawing,
the radius dimension line shows two right angles.
The extension of the dimension line is always
directed to the actual center point of the radius

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

When dimensioning slotted holes the way of
production has to be considered. Either the hole
centers or the hole edges may be dimensioned.

F. DRAWING SHOWING THREE ELEVATIONS

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

Position of Elevations Direction of view Maximum dimensions

Width Height Depth
(b) (h) (d)

Front Elevation Normal position From front bh

Side Elevation To right of front elevation From left hd

Top view Below front elevation From above b d

Note:

 Extension lines and center lines may not run through from one elevation into
another!

 Extension lines for one dimension may not be drawn from different elevations!
 Each dimension is to be entered once only.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

G. WORKPIECES WITH ANGLED SURFACES

Measure the length of edge a!

Result: Length of edge in front elevation 50 mm, in side
elevation 30 mm, and in top view 40 mm. Thus, it
appears shortened inside elevation and in top view

The edge appears shortened when the end points are
unequal distances from the eye.

The slope of an angled edge is determined when its end
points are fixed by dimensions.

The slope can also be dimensioned by angle
specification.

Normally the true length of angled edges is not
dimensioned.

With angular dimension the dimension line is a circular
arc, which is drawn at the vertex.
If possible, the shaded area, about 30º, should bear no
dimensions. If this cannot be avoided, the dimensions
must be readable from the left.

Square areas are dimensioned at two meeting sides.

If an elevation is to be dimensioned in which the square
area appears as a line, the square symbol (7/10 of the
dimension figure) is to be set in front of the dimension
figure.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

H. CYLINDRICAL WORKPIECES

When drawing a cylinder or other symmetrical
workpieces one starts from the center line.

Simple workpieces are mostly drawn in front
elevation only. If an elevation in which the area
of a circle appears as a straight line is to be
dimensioned the diameter symbol is to be
placed in front of the dimension figure.

If possible areas of a circle are to be
dimensioned in the elevation where they are
shown as circle. In this case the diameter
symbol is omitted.

Eccentric cams are to be specified by the
distance between the center lines.

No diameter dimension should be entered if
possible within the shaded areas. If this
cannot be avoided the dimension figure
(similar to angle specification) must be
readable from the left.

Simple long cylinders are shortened by using
looped break lines; the actual length of the
workpiece is to be entered. Break lines are to
be drawn freehand as thin unbroken lines;
broken areas are shaded at 45º.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

The broken area of hollow cylinders (pipes) is
marked by two loop break lines.

If the round shape is obvious (by dimensioning or
a further elevation) a simple freehand line is
sufficient.

I. SECTIONS THROUGH CYLINDERS PARALLEL TO ROTATION AXIS

If a round object is sectioned parallel to its axis
straight edges are shown.
The limiting line encloses the round object
completely only if the flattening covers the whole
diameter.

If the flattening in front elevation is seen as an
area the object edges in side elevation are
recessed.

Design the side elevation!

Recessed edges of grooves and cut-outs are to
be drawn as well.

Recessed edges need not be dimensioned as
they result automatically.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

J. PYRAMIDAL WORKPIECES

Two elevations are mostly sufficient to
illustrate a pyramidal workpiece. One
elevation is sufficient for square based
pyramids.

The slope of an area can be given as slope
ratio or in percentage. For production the
angle of slope may also be entered. The
direction of slope is indicated by the symbol
parallel to the base line.

Slope = B – b = 20 – 10 = 1:4
L 40

Code No. . Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010
Mill Work piece (Basic)

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

The degree of taper of pyramid –shaped sections
is the ratio of difference in width to length of
pyramid.

Degree of taper = B – b = 40 – 10 = 1:2
L 40

The taper is indicated by the symbol
which is placed above the pyramidal element
parallel to the center line and pointing in direction
of the taper.

Flat areas in elevation are marked as such by
diagonal lines, if not apparent from further
elevations.

The true length of an edge is only seen when the
end points are at equal distance from the eye. The
edge must lie parallel to a projection level.
Therefore, the edges are turned I such a way that
they appear in this position. Two elevations are
needed to construct the true length.

K. HALF SECTION – PART SECTION

Half sections show only one half of the
workpiece in section; the other half appears in
elevation.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

Both halves are separated by the center
line only. Concealed edges are to be
avoided, if possible.

Inner diameters and similar
dimensions are marked with one
dimension arrow only in the cut half. The
dimension line is drawn beyond the
center line into the elevation.

Mostly the lower half or the right half of
the workpiece is drawn in section.

Simple workpiece parts such as solid
shafts, bolts, rivets, screws, webs etc.
are not drawn in this section.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

Parts sections (cut views) are drawn of
workpieces which are not supposed to be
drawn in this section.
Part sections are marked by thin freehand
lines.

The dimensioning of a 45º chamfer can be
combined in one dimension. All other chamfers
are to be dimensioned by width and angle
chamfer.

L. DRAWING OF THREADS

The outer diameter of the outer thread is
drawn as a thick unbroken line, the core
diameter as a thin unbroken line. The
distance between the thick and thin lines
represents the thread depth.

Core diameter = outer diameter x 0.8

Looking in direction of the shaft end the core
diameter appears as a three-quarter circle in
any position.

Ends of screws are mostly rounded or cone
shaped. The radius of the rounded end equals
roughly the outer diameter. The cone-shaped
end is chamfered from the core diameter at
45º.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

The core diameter of the inner thread – as
opposed to the outer thread – is drawn as a
thick unbroken line, the outer diameter as a
thin unbroken line.

Note: The thin unbroken line lies always at
the side of material; shading up to the thick
unbroken line.

All lines of a concealed thread are drawn as
invisible edges. The thin three-quarter circle
becomes a full circle shown in broken line.

The thread end is to be drawn as a thick
unbroken line up to the outer diameter. The
outer threads have only short thread end
lines in section drawing.

M. SCREW/ BOLT CONNECTIONS To be dimensioned are:
a. Outer diameter. The thread symbol is

set in front of the dimension figure,

e.g. M10, M18x1.5, 2”, W 104x1/6”, R 4”, Tr 20x4, Rd
16x1/8”, S 12x2, 2” left (double thread)

b. Useful length of thread.
c. Length of shaft with end, or
respectively depth of core hole without drill
cone. Drill cone and inner chamfer have an
angle of 120º and are not dimensioned.

When drawing a hexagon the maximum
corner to corner dimension (e) appears in
front elevation and top view, the spanner
opening (s) in side elevation.
The chamfer curves are simplified to circular
segments and result from the maximum
corner to corner dimension called e.

e = s * 1.155
s = e * 0.866

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

Nuts as opposed to screw heads have two
chamfers. After chamfering sharp corners are
only to be seen in side elevation.
In front elevations and side elevations no
threads are drawn.

In the simplified drawing the chamfered curves
and screw ends are omitted.
The following is valid (also for detailed drawing):
k = 0.7 * d (height of bolt head)
m = 0.8 * d (height of nut)

Bolts, nuts, and washers are not shaded in
sections

If the lines of inner and outer threads coincide
the outer thread is drawn.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

N. TOLERANCES

Fitting a Example d
dimension 30 bc 30
N = Nominal +0.03 30 30 0
dimension -0.02 -0.1 +0.1 -0.1
ut = upper 30.03 -0.2 -0.1 30
tolerance 29.98 29.9 30.1 29.9
lt = lower 0.05 29.8 29.9 0.1
tolerance 0.1 0.2
max. = maximum
dimension
min. = minimum
dimension
T = Tolerance

The permitted variations (tolerances) may
be added to the nominal dimension.
Tolerances are to be entered with smaller
figures (not below 2.5 mm). The upper
tolerance is set above, the lower tolerance
below. Plus (+) and minus (-) are of no
significance. Identical tolerances are
combined to show one figure only together
with + . The tolerance 0 may be omitted, if no
misinterpretations are to be expected.

If assembled workpieces are shown the
dimension for the outer part (borehole) is
always above the dimension for the inner part
(shaft) together with wording, e.g. borehole,
shaft, part, etc.

If only one tolerance is necessary for each
part, because the other = 0, only one
dimension line is drawn.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

Free dimensions are dimensions without
specified tolerances. According to DIN 7168
there are 4 degrees of accuracy: fine,
medium, coarse, very coarse. The degree
of accuracy is to be noted on the drawing.

O. SURFACE FINISH (ISO 1302)

The basic symbol consists of two lines of unequal
lengths (ratio 1:2) which are inclined to each other at
60º. The symbol is to be used only if explanations are
given to clear its meaning.

H1 = 5mm; H2 = 10mm;
Thickness of line = 0.35; height of lettering = 3.5mm

The individual specification of the surface finish is to
be added to the corresponding symbol.

a. Roughness value Ra in µm or roughness class
N1–N2

b. Production method, surface treatment, coating
c. Reference distance in mm.
d. Direction of grooves
e. Allowance for machining in mm.

The specifications are to be written on an extra line of
the longer side. The instruction states the final
condition of the surface.

Symbols and lettering must be readable from below
or from the right. They may also be joined to the
surface by a reference arrow. Symbol and arrow are
to be placed from the outside on the object edge or
on an extension line.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

The surface symbol is placed for each area in one
elevation only, i.e. where the corresponding
dimension figure appears.

When surfaces have the same finish the symbol is
placed next to the workpiece. The word
specification »allround« may be added.

When identical surfaces prevail the deviating sign
only is entered next to the object drawn, the
exception repeated in brackets next to it.
Turned the objects are given one symbol only on
the outer line.

Simplified entries may be made at the surface if
specifications are complicated or if short of space,
their meaning must be explained somewhere else.

Roughness class N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12
Roughness value Ra µm 0.025 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.6 3.2 6.3 12.5 25 50

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

P. ASSEMBLY DRAWING, PART-ASSEMBLY DRAWING, PARTS DRAWING

The assembly drawing shows a device, machine, building etc. in assembled condition.
The part-assembly drawing shows individual component groups (often only 2 assembled
parts).
The part drawing illustrates component parts.

Heading for part list

a. Line spacing: Bottom line 10mm,
otherwise 6mm.

b. Column width (from left to right): 10mm-
70mm-10mm-30mm-30mm-rest

c. Height of lettering: designation, scale,
drawing and part number = 7mm; otherwise
3.5mm

Assembly Drawing
Only the main dimensions – if at all – are
entered in the assembly drawing. The part
numbers appear in the parts list under
»Consecutive No.« from below upwards.
They are about twice as high as dimension
figures and are placed in the main reading
direction. A reference line (thin unbroken line)
ending with a point provides the connection to
the corresponding component part.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

Parts drawing

No parts drawing is made of standardized
parts.
If several parts are drawn on one sheet, the
corresponding part number (h=7mm) with
symbols plus specification for machining
(h=5mm) is to be entered next to the drawing of
the component part, if it varies from the main
scale.

The subsidiary scale is repeated in the notes
column below the main scale in lettering one
size smaller.

Q. READING OF SIMPLE PRODUCTION DRAWINGS

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.1.1: Drawing Interpretation

U – Section Machining sequence:

Main dimensions: 1. Remove tinder
U - 40x20x80 2. File base surface
Material: 3. File length of sides
St 37 – steel 37 kp/mm2 4. File sides (90º)
Minimum tensile strength 5. Files top surface (90º)
Tools: 6. File to length
Marking tools, measuring tools, 7. Mark, drill, countersunk,
center punch, drill, countersink,
thread tap, tap wrench, flat cut thread.
square 90º, thread plug gauge, 8. Mark and file the dovetail
angle gauge, saw, files
guide.
9. Mark and file out the side

recess.
10. Debur all edges

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Worksheet 2.1.2: Drawing Interpretation

Learning outcomes:
1 Determine job requirements
Learning Activity:
1.1 Identify and interpret drawing/plans

Multiple Choice
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.

_______1. Which dimension is according to DIN A 4 size?

a. 300 x 220
b. 297 x 594
c. 210 x 420
d. 210 x 297

_______2. If the drawing sheet is placed horizontally the written section is

a. always to the right.
b. always to the left.
c. mostly to the left.
d. in any position.

_______3. Which of the given scales is an enlarging scale?

a. 2:1
b. 1:5
c. 1:2.5
d. 1:1

_______4. How long is an edge 120mm long to scale 1:2.5?

a. 300mm
b. 120mm
c. 48mm
d. 25mm

_______5. In the figure below, which radius is NOT according to standard?

a. 70
b. 12
c. 4
d. 3

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Worksheet 2.1.2: Drawing Interpretation

_______6. Which way of writing is correct?
.

a. Ø 30
b. 30 Ø
c. 30 Ø
d. Ø 30

_______7. In the figure below, what do you call this kind of section?

a. Full section
b. Standard section
c. Ordinary section
d. Part section

_______8. How are part sections defined?

a. there is no special rule
b. the left half
c. the upper half
d. the lower or right half

_______9. When drawing a half section, how is the sectioned half defined?

a. by freehand line
b. by center line
c. by thick dash Stop screw
d. by thick unbroken line

_______10. Which drawing of a nut is correct?
.

a bcd

Essay
Directions: Answer the following questions. Place your answer on the space provided.

1. When are freehand lines used?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Worksheet 2.1.2: Drawing Interpretation

2. When may concealed edges be shown in a section drawing?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. When are part section used?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.2.1: Introduction to Milling Machine

Learning outcomes:
2 Determine job requirements
Learning Activity:
2.2 Identify the types and parts of Milling Machine

A. INTRODUCTION TO MILLING MACHINE

Milling machines were first invented and developed by Eli Whitney to mass produce
interchangeable musket parts. Although basic, these machines assisted man in maintaining
accuracy and uniformity while duplicating parts that could not be manufactured with the use
of a file.
Development and improvements of the milling machine and components continued, which
resulted in the manufacturing of heavier arbors and high speed steel and carbide cutters.
These components allowed the operator to remove metal faster, and with more accuracy,
than previous machines. Variations of milling machines were also developed to perform
special milling operations. During this era, computerized machines have been developed to
alleviate errors and provide better quality in the finished product.

MILLING MACHINE

It is a machine tool that will produce machined surfaces accurately by means of single or
multiple tooth cutters. The work table holds attachments, fixtures or more securely in placed
by means of T bolts, clamps, etc. in addition to
ordinary plain milling (or machining flat surfaces) it
can also be used to cut gears of different types and
in thread cutting, drilling, and boring operation.
Many complicated operations such as indexing,
gang milling, and straddle milling etc. can be carried
out on a milling machine.

FIGURE A.1

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.2.1: Introduction to Milling Machine

B. TYPES OF MILLING MACHINE

Most milling machines can be classified under two basic types. These include bed-type
and column-and-knee milling machines.

 Bed type milling machines are is
manufacturing machines that are
used for mass production
purposes. The table does not
move transversely (crosswise)
toward the column. The spindle
the one can be moved vertically
and horizontally.

 Column and Knee milling machine FIGURE B.1
FIGURE B.2
The body, or frame, of a column and
knee milling machine is a large casting
that includes the base and the upright
portion called the column. The front of the
column has accurately machined dovetail
ways on which the knee is mounted.

The knee can be raised and lowered
vertically to the desired elevation. The
saddle and table are mounted on top of
the knee. The table can feed
longitudinally (horizontal to the right or to
the left), and it can feed transversely
(clockwise, or in and out fro the column).
Thus, the table on column and knee
milling machines can be fed or adjusted
in three directions.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.2.1: Introduction to Milling Machine

CLASSIFICATIONS OF COLUMN AND KNEE MILLING MACHINE:

 HORIZONTAL MILLING MACHINES

Horizontal may be either the column-and-knee
or bed type. They have the milling cutter
mounted on horizontal arbor. The arbor fits into
the spindle nose, which is located on the
machined face of the vertical column. The arbor
is supported rigidly with an arbor support or
overarm support.

 PLAIN HORIZONTAL FIGURE B.3
MILLING MACHINE FIGURE B.4

A plain horizontal milling machine is
used for milling flat horizontal
surfaces, vertical surfaces, angular
surfaces, curved surfaces, irregular
surfaces, grooves, and keyways. The
table on plain milling machine cannot
be swiveled for helical (spiral) milling
operations. However, with the use of a
dividing head and universal spiral
attachment, such operations can be
performed. The plain milling machine
is equipped with the power
longitudinal table feed. Handfeed is
used for transverse (cross) table feed
of for raising and lowering the table.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.2.1: Introduction to Milling Machine

 UNIVERSAL MILLING
MACHINE

The main difference between plain and
vertical machines is that the table can
be swiveled in a horizontal plane on the
universal machine. Universal machines
usually are equipped with the dividing
head, tailstock, and a dividing-head
lead driving mechanism. These
accessories make it possible to perform
helical milling operations.

FIGURE B.5

 VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE

Vertical milling machines are also
manufactured as column-and-knee or bed type
machine. The spindle on vertical milling
machines normally is in vertical position, like
the spindle on a drill press. However, the head
may be swiveled on some machines for
angular milling or hole-machining operations.
These machines use end milling cutters. The
end mills are mounted in the nose of the
vertical spindle with collets or with end mill
adapters.

FIGURE B.6

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.2.1: Introduction to Milling Machine

General

Milling machines are basically classified as being horizontal or vertical to indicate the axis of
the milling machine spindle. These machines are also classified as knee-type, ram-type,
manufacturing or bed type, and planer-type milling machines. Most machines have self-
contained electric drive motors, coolant systems, variable spindle speeds, and power
operated table feeds.

C. PARTS OF MILLING MACHINE

 THE PLAIN HORIZONTAL
MILLING MACHINE

COLUMN

The column, including the base, is the main
casting which supports all other parts of the
machine. An oil reservoir and a pump in
the column keep the spindle lubricated.
The column rests on a base that contains a
coolant reservoir and a pump that can be
used when performing any machining
operation that requires a coolant.

KNEE FIGURE C.1

The knee mounted in front of the column is for supporting Y- Axis
the table and to provide an up or down motion along the
Z axis.

Z- Axis

X- Axis

X- Axis

Z- Axis

Y- Axis
Parts Movement

FIGURE C.2

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.2.1: Introduction to Milling Machine

SADDLE
The saddle consists of two sideways, one on the top and one at the bottom located at 90º
to each other, for providing motions in the X or Y axes by means of lead screws.
TABLE
The table is mounted on top of the saddle and can be moved along the X axis. On top of
the table are some T-slots for the mounting of work piece or clamping fixtures.
ARBOR
The arbor support is a casting containing a bearing which aligns the outer end of the arbor
with the spindle. This helps to keep the arbor from springing during cutting operations.

FIGURE C.3

ARBOR SUPPORT
Fitted to the over arm and can be clamped at any location on the over arm. Its purpose is to
align and supports various arbors and attachments.

Outer Arbor Support

Inner Arbor Support

FIGURE C.4

ELEVATING SCREW

It can be controlled by hand or an automatic feed. It gives an upward or downward
movement to the knee and the table.
SWIVEL TABLE HOUSING

Fastened to the saddle on a universal milling machine, enables the table to be swiveled 45
degrees to either side of the centerline.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.2.1: Introduction to Milling Machine

BASE
It gives support and rigidity to the machine and also acts as reservoir for the cutting fluids.
COLUMN FACE
A precision-machined and scraped section used to support and guide knee when it is
moved vertically.
CROSS FEED HAND WHEEL
It is used to move the table toward or away from the column.
TABLE HAND WHEEL
It is used to move the table horizontally left and right in front of the column.
SPINDLE
This provides the drive arbors, cutters, and attachments used on a milling machine.

FIGURE C.5

OVER ARM
It provides the correct alignment and support of the arbor and various attachments. It can
be adjusted and locked in various positions, depending on the length of the arbor and the
position of the cutter.
FEED DIAL
It is used to regulate the table feeds.

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Information Sheet 2.2.1: Introduction to Milling Machine

 THE VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE

A vertical milling machine which is of similar
construction to a horizontal milling machine except
that the spindle is mounted in the vertical position.

Its additional features are:

MILLING HEAD

The milling head consisting the spindle, the motor,
and the feed control unit is mounted on a swivel
base such that it can be set at any angle to the
table.

RAM

The ram on which the milling head is attached can
be positioned forward and backward along the
slide way on the top of the column

FIGURE C.5

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Worksheet 2.2.2: Introduction to Milling Machine

Learning outcomes:
2 Determine job requirements
Learning Activity:
2.2 Identify the types parts of a Milling Machine

Multiple Choice

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.

_______1. A machine tool that produces machined surface by means of feeding the
workpiece into one or more rotating cutters.

a. Lathe machine
b. Milling machine
c. Grinding machine
d. Drilling machine

_______2. Type of milling machine commonly use for mass production or manufacturing
purposes. The table moves only in "Z" axis or longitudinal direction only.

a. Plain horizontal milling machine
b. Universal milling machine
c. Knee and Column milling machine
d. Bed type milling machine

_______3. Type of milling machine with large casting that includes the base and the upright
portion serve as the frame or the body of the machine.

a. Vertical milling machine
b. Universal milling machine
c. Knee and Column milling machine
d. Bed type milling machine

_______4. Part of plain horizontal milling machine consists of two sideways, one on the top
and one at the bottom located at 90º to each other, providing motions in the "X" or "Y" axes
by means of lead screws.

a. Knee
b. Saddle
c. Column
d. Table

_______5. Part of plain horizontal milling machine that provides ways for "Y" axis or
vertical movement of the knee.

a. Knee
b. Saddle
c. Table
d. Column

Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010

Worksheet 2.2.2: Introduction to Milling Machine

_______6. Part of plain horizontal milling machine that supports the table and provides an
up or down motion along the "Z" axis or traverse..

a. Knee
b. Base
c. Saddle
d. Table

_______7. Part of plain horizontal milling machine that can be move along the "X" axis or
longitudinal.

a. Overarm
b. Table
c. Column
d. Base

_______8. Part of plain horizontal milling machine that supports all parts of a milling
machine.

a. Overarm
b. Table
c. Knee
d. Base

_______9. Part of plain horizontal milling machine that holds the arbor supports or yoke.

a. Base
b. Overarm
c. Table
d. Spindle

_______10. Part of plain horizontal milling machine that drives the arbors , cutters and
other attachments..

a. Overarm
b. Table
c. Base
d. Spindle

Essay
Directions: Answer the following questions. Place your answer on the space provided.

1. What is the difference between a milling machine and a lathe machine?
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Code No. Mill Work piece (Basic) Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #
ALT723307 May 12, 2010 June 12, 2010