CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 Understanding Culture Society and Politics Quarter 2 – Module 5: New Challenges in Contemporary Societies
Understanding Culture Society and Politics Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 5: New Challenges in Contemporary Societies First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region 4A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Brgy San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: [email protected] Development Team of the Module Writers: Emelyn Leaban-Cruz and Camille Grace T. Singkac Editors: Alfred James A. Ellar and James Angelo T. Año Reviewers: Armando D. Ison, Yolanda DC. Lumanog, Honeylet A. Pelone, Ma. Criscel R. Negosa, Anna Paulina B. Palomo, Leonardo C. Cargullo, Emily R. Quintos, Asher H. Pasco, Jesusa L. Partosa, Alfonso V. Mabuting, Johncent Roy C. Tibordo and Melany C. Arcangel, Illustrators: Shiela Mae L. Ortiz and Maria Babylyn B. Nevalga Layout Artists: Allan Gilbert M. Jain, Maria Cristina F. Lim and Anna Paulina B. Palomo Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas Job S. Zape Jr. Ramonito Elumbaring Reicon C. Condes Elaine T. Balaogan Fe M. Balaogan Doris DJ. Estalilla Lualhati O. Cadavedo Laura O. Garcia Ma. Criscel R. Negosa Maria Heidi Alaine T. Nietes
Understanding Culture Society and Politics Quarter 2 – Module 5: New Challenges in Contemporary Societies
Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-bystep as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.
1 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of understanding culture society and politics. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The module is about the new challenges in contemporary societies. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. describe how human societies adapt to new challenges in the physical, social, and cultural environment; 2. analyze how human societies adapt to new challenges in global warming and climate change; 3. identify the concepts of transnational migration and Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) across the world; and 4. value the importance of adaptation in the physical, social, and cultural environment.
2 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 What I Know A. Read the following questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Use separate sheet for your answers. 1. Which of the following change denotes alterations in the governmental aspect of a society, such as changes in the administrative, executive, legislative, judicial, and constitutional processes, systems, and structures? A. Social change B. Cultural change C. Physical change D. Political change 2. What is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature the Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate? A. Globalization B. Global Warming C. Greenhouse Effect D. Weather Condition 3. Which of the following aims to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and can help avoid, reduce, or delay impacts, and should be implemented in order to ensure that adaptation capacity is not exceeded? A. Mitigation B. Assimilation C. Current Adaption D. Vulnerability of populations 4. What is the term often used to refer to Filipino migrant workers, people with Filipino citizenship who reside in another country for a limited period of employment? A. Filipino Migrants B. Filipino Workers Abroad C. Filipino Domestic Helper D. Overseas Filipino Workers 5. How does our OFW’s help the economy? A. Through their remittances B. Through love for their family C. Through their participation in national issue D. Through their subscription in online communities such as OFW Facebook
3 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 B. Write TRUE if the statements suggest effect of global warming and FALSE if not. 1. ___________ changes in rainfall patterns 2. ___________ surface temperature increases 3. ___________ coastline changes 4. ___________ water level changes 5. ___________ food productivity decreases 6. ___________ forest cover depletion 7. ___________ desertification of lands 8. ___________ plantation 9. ___________ hurricane 10.___________ earthquake
4 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 Lesson 5 New Challenges in Contemporary Societies What’s In Before we proceed, let us go back with some of the important concepts about society on social stratification and inequality which relate our discussion. According to Marxist Theory, social stratification is created by the differing economic capacities among people and their relationships to the means or the factors of production. In a society, two distinct classes can be created which feature those who own the factors or means of production and those who sell their labor in the production chain to those who own the means. This basically creates the employeremployee relation in most societies. Apart from these two distinct groups, Karl Marx also recognized two other groups that do not belong to either but are somehow related to the two large groups: • The Petite Bourgeoisie- those who own some of the means of productions but their profit earning power is not enough to earn them a position among the bourgeoisie • The Underclass- includes those who have no social status Social Stratification is a form of inequality that occurs due to the inherent differences between human beings and can be determined by race, gender, age, and economic capacity among other distinguishing features. The differentiation is done to mark one group as superior over another which leads to social classes arranged as hierarchies. Let’s have a drill! Where do the following items belong? Is it (A) Bourgeoisie or (B) Underclass? 1. _______ Craftsmen 6. _______ Merchants 2. _______ Artisans 7. _______ Landlords 3. _______ Wage earners 8. _______ Car buyers 4. _______ Employer 9. _______ Company owners 5. _______ Beggars 10. _______ Employee
5 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 What’s New Let’s read the situations and answer the questions below. 1. You are about to go home from school. You decide to buy snacks just before you ride a bus. You sit near the doorway where you find your convenience of eating your snacks. When you finished your snacks and about to throw plastic container of your milk tea, you noticed there was no trash bin inside the bus. When the bus suddenly stops to unload passengers, you saw huge trash bins at the unloading station. You are about to stand up to take an opportunity of throwing your trash but then the bus moves to leave. Guide Question: What are you going to do in a given situation? As a citizen, how can you protect, conserve, and restore our environment? Answer:___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Your parents found an opportunity to work abroad. They work hard to earn money for your family. They even save money for your studies to continue education. There are times they feel homesick as they miss celebrating occasions like birthdays, Christmas and family reunions. The only way for them to communicate with you is through Facebook but then they have limited time to catch even 30 minutes as their boss employer is strict when it comes to work schedule. Guide Question: How can you make your OFW parents feel that they are special and valuable? Answer:___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
6 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 What is It In this part of your journey, we provide something for you to read to deepen your understanding about the topic. Please do it with comprehension to discover knowledge that will help you out in dealing with the next phase of your quest. New Challenges Contemporary Societies: Human Adaptation and Social Change “As human beings we do change, grow, adapt, perhaps even learn and become wiser.” - Wendy Carlos A progressive society requires social change. However, there are challenges which we must overcome in order to ensure this. With the society’s development comes a new challenge that everyone must face. Everyone must realize that responding to social, political, and cultural change has a great impact to the society. Many of the changes that people have experienced throughout the history come with numerous challenges which must overcome. It is for this reason that people devised various ways of dealing with social, political, and cultural change through involvement and collective action. These actions are what we need in order to respond to the social, political, and cultural changes that are happening. Social change, in anthropology and sociology, refers to the modification of mechanisms, means methods, or systems within the social structure, characterized by alterations in social relationships, social order social symbols, social organizations, value system, or rules of behaviour. Examples of social change include the industrial revolution, the abolition of slavery, the civil rights movement and the women's suffrage movement, etc. Cultural change could be seen in the practices, institutions, technology, societal laws, ethos or mores (moral norms), manners, value systems, customs, traditions, habits, beliefs, arts, music, and literatures. Some of the examples are changes in the manner of choosing a spouse and adopting a new lifestyle. Political Change, on the other hand, denotes alterations in the governmental aspect of a society, such as changes in the administrative, executive, legislative, judicial, and constitutional processes, systems, and structures. Examples are constitutional amendments and the shift from presidential to parliamentary form of government.
7 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 Global Warming and Climate Change Global warming is generally described as a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans. It is mainly caused heat being trapped in the earth known as greenhouse effect. This environmental change is irreversible, and later would permanently change the earth’s climate. As such, climate change becomes a global concern to every nation, especially to those highly industrialized countries. Greenhouse Gases and Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Effect is the process wherein radiation from the earth’s atmosphere warms its surface to a temperature above what it would be in the absence of its atmosphere. It is caused by greenhouse gases. Effects of Climate Change 1. Changes in rainfall patterns 2. Increase in surface temperature 3. Coastline Changes 4. Water level increases 5. Food productivity decreases 6. Depletion of forest cover 7. Desertification of lands
8 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 Ways to Address Global Warming 1. Current adaptation strategies Humans must strategize in order to adapt to the impacts of climate change. We can adapt through minimizing our carbon emission and adopt a more environmentalfriendly methods of living such as electric-based transportation. However, adaptation alone is not expected to be able to cope with environmental effects of climate change since some of the effects of global warming are irreversible already. 2. Vulnerability of populations to climate change Human population is vulnerable to climate change caused by different factors such as pollution, conflicts, or epidemics. We can engage on sustainable development activities, such as reforestation, recycling and the use of renewable resources to help human societies reduce their vulnerability to climate change. 3. Mitigation and adaptation Mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gases emission can help to avoid, reduce, or delay impacts of climate change to ensure that the adaptation capacity of people is maximize in its full efficiency.
9 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 International Agreements is an international environmental treaty adopted on 9 May 1992 and opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992 The UNFCCC objective is to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system" The parties to the convention have met annually from 1995 in Conferences of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in dealing with climate change. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was concluded and established legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in the period 2008–2012. In 2015 the Paris Agreement was adopted, governing emission reductions from 2020 on through commitments of countries in Nationally Determined Contributions, lowering the target to 1.5 °C.
10 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 Although the climate problem will not be solved without government responses, various private sectors such as business corporations, advocacy groups, and other non-governmental institutions are actively engaging to reduce the cause of climate problem specifically global warming. Accordingly, the private sectors are particularly important because climate policy is shared responsibility between the public and private sectors of the society. The private sector responses also called as private climate governance can be collaborated with government responses. Transnational Migration: Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) Since the late 20th century, the rise of globalization has changed the concept of migration. Improvements in transportation, communication, and financial systems have made it easier for people to migrate to work in another country but still provide for their families in their home countries by sending their earning home. Transnational Migration is a global phenomenon that is mounting scope, complexity and impact. Migration is both a cause and effect of broader development processes and an intrinsic feature of our globalizing world. Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) Filipinos often have the mindset that when they work abroad, they would be able to support and sustain the needs of the families away from poverty. Overseas Filipino Workers is a term often used to refer to Filipino migrant workers, people with Filipino citizenship who reside in another country for a limited period of employment. OFW Immigrants go to other countries because of poverty. These people migrate for economic purposes. Their primary goal is to earn much larger amount of salary to support their families in their home country. The sacrifices of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) make just to provide a better life for their families earned them the title of the nation’s bagong bayani (new heroes). In recent years, the improvement of the economy often attributed to their remittances further cemented their mark in the Philippines.
11 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 According to the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA), there were a total of 1,844,406 OFWs in 2015 – 1,437,875 land-based and 406,531 sea-based. Empowering OFWs Overseas Filipino Workers’ (OFWs) face a lot of challenges as they seek a better opportunity abroad. Because of difference in social and cultural structures of other countries, OFWs are prone to violence manifested through labor exploitation, abuse of employers, leading to some legal issues. Despite the difficulties faced by the OFWs, they are persistently pursuing to work abroad to lift their families from poverty. Other OFWs have chosen to work abroad for better salary, which the local employers could not provide them. Still, there are OFWs who are forced to work abroad due to underemployment caused by job mismatch in work opportunity and workers’ skills in the country. Nonetheless, there are few non-governmental organizations that continuously provide support system to OFWs to protect their rights and assist them to fulfil their employment goals while working abroad.
12 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 What’s More Activity 1 Explore Your Analytical Mind Answer the questions based on what you just read. 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having greenhouse gases in the atmosphere? Answer: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2. How does global warming and climate change affect human and environment? Answer: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 3. How do OFWs help to improve the economic status of the Philippines? Answer: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
13 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 1. Saving the Earth: Cooling Down Our World! 2. Pinoy Abroad: Economic Heroes of Our Country 4. What are the pros and cons of being an OFW in relation to social stratification and inequality? Answer: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Activity 2 Test your Creativity Create a creative piece of work for the following themes. It could be in the form of poster, slogan, song, or a poem. Write your work in a sheet provided.
14 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 RUBRIC FOR CREATIVE PRESENTATION Criteria Description Points Points Obtained Piece of Work Achieves precision and clarity in presenting compelling and fully developed ideas. 10 Creativity Original, unique, and cogent ideas, phrasing, and products. 5 Organization Organization is convincing and well structured. 5 Total 20
15 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 What I Have Learned Gains for Brains Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words or phrases to complete the sentences/ paragraphs. In this module, the topic was on __________________________________________. This discusses about ____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ To describe how human in society adapt to new challenges in the physical, social and cultural environment, I was taught about ______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________. Adapting to new challenges in global warming and climate change can be analyzed through _____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________. I learned about concepts of transnational migration and Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) across the world which talk about ______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________. I also learned that it matters to value the importance of human adaptation to new challenges and change in our society and the world as a whole. Valuing its importance can really be realized in this module because _________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________.
16 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 What I Can Do COVID-19 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new strain of virus first detected in Wuhan, China in 2019. COVID-19 is known to target a person’s respiratory system. Infected patients may exhibit symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, and in some cases, muscle pain and sore throat. Some patients may also be asymptomatic. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic due to the exponential increase of the number of cases in more than 100 countries. On March16, 2020, President Rodrigo Roa Duterte placed the entire Philippines under a State of Calamity amid the threats posed by COVID-19. Activity 1 S-P-E-C Analysis Explain how the statement above affects the social, political, environmental and cultural settings of the Philippines. Express also your views on how you going to response to these changes How COVID-19 affects: Explanation: Your Response: Social Change: Political Change: Environmental Change: Cultural Change:
17 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 Activity 2 Challenge Accepted! Direction: Put a check mark ()on each item if you honestly do the following: _______1. wearing face mask at home and outside the house _______2. washing hands for 20 seconds _______3. drinking a glass of water every 15 minutes of the day _______4. eating fruits and vegetables each day _______5. doing simple body exercise at home Activity 3 Mind Mapping Directions: Create a mind map about the Distance Learning that we have in the educational system. Consider its significance to the so- called “new normal” life amid Covid- 19 pandemic. Share your thoughts and feelings to the class. DISTANCE LEARNING
18 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 Assessment Choose one social issue from the ones listed below and write your own personal and social experience or knowledge based on the lesson. Write your reflection on a separate sheet of paper. A. 2018 fourth warmest year in continued warming trend according to NASA, NOAA B. Climate change a ‘day-to-day problem’: Duterte (Dharel Placido, ABS-CBN News) C. OFW in Riyadh cries for help after employer ‘tried’ to kiss her (Raymon Dullana, Rappler News) Chosen Topic: _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ________________________________. ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ____________________________. ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ___________________.
19 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 RUBRIC FOR REFLECTION PAPER Criteria Description Points Points Obtained Content The student was able to choose one scenario and was able to interpret personal and social experiences using concepts discussed in this lesson. 10 Analysis Analysis was clear and concise based on the data presented. 6 Organization The paper was well-written with ideas easily conveyed to readers. 4 Total: 20
20 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 Let’s make a Research! Undertake a research concerning the following topics and present your findings. Make sure to highlight the importance of addressing issues about global warming and the OFWs. Attach to this module your research project. 1. Government strategies to fight climate change. 2. Effects of global warming to the economic growth of the Philippines for the last decade. 3. Effective plans to bring OFWs back home. RUBRIC FOR RESEARCH PAPER Criteria Description Points Points Obtained Sufficiency The research paper provides sufficient information. 15 Accuracy The research paper provides accurate information. 10 Organization The research paper exhibits clear and organized presentation of thought 5 Total: 30 Additional Activities
21 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 Answer Key What I Know D 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. TRUE 1. TRUE 2. TRUE 3. TRUE 4. TRUE 5. TRUE 6. TRUE 7. FALSE 8. FALSE 9. 10. FALSE What's In A 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. B 10.
22 CO_Q2_UCSP SHS Module 5 References Adedeji, O. et al. (2014). “Global Climate Change”. In Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2 (2), pp. 114-122. Retrieved from DOI: 10.4236/gep.2014.22016 Ducanes, G. & Abella, M. (2008). Overseas Filipino Workers and Their Impact on Household Poverty. ILO Asian Regional Programme on Governance of Labour Migration. Bangkok, Thailand: International Labour Organization. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---robangkok/documents/publication/wcms_160330.pdf Junior, E.C & Clarissa Brandão, C. (2008). “Global Contemporary Challenges: Convergences Scenario in International Law”. In Revista Direito GV, São Paulo, 5 (2), pp. 93-108. Retrieved from https://www.scielo.br/pdf/rdgv/v5n2/en_09.pdf Overseas Filipino Workers. http://www.poea.gov.ph/ United Nations. (1994), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/theconvention/what-is-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climatechange
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