1 A Community Newsletter for Sagada, Mountain Province Ibaag Volume 5 · Issue 1 · June 4-10, 2024 Ibaag A community newsletter produced by Benguet State University-Development Communication interns for Sagada, Mountain Province. Volume 5 · Issue 1· June · 4-10, 2024 On World Environmental Month celebration, In line with the celebration of World Environment Month, the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Sagada in partnership with the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) spearheaded a three-day clean-up drive across the municipality on June 3-5. This initiative aimed at creating a cleaner environment for the residents and tourists, promoting sustainable practices, and raising awareness of environmental responsibilities. The clean-up drive kicked off on World Environment Day with a simultaneous effort by various LGU departments. Each department of the LGU was assigned to designated areas to clean. On the second day, firefighters from other stations in the province joined forces to tackle the mission compound to Paytokan Trail, and Dagadag-Poblacion Road. This effort of the BFP is a symbol of its commitment to environmental awareness and sustainability. BFP also emphasized the significance of responsible environmental practices role in cleaning efforts. The third day of the clean-up drive continued along the PoblacionNangonogan-Kiltepan areas. The collected garbage was sorted and transported to the Municipal Recovery Facility (MRF) for proper waste disposal and recycling. Rae Sumedca, Provincial Fire Marshall and Fire Superintended stressed the big contribution of clean-up initiatives toward achieving an eco-friendly environment. Meanwhile, Eleuterio Lumiwes, Executive Assistant of the municipal mayor pointed out the LGUs commitment to maintaining cleanliness to prevent the spread of diseases. “Maintaining the cleanliness in our community helps us avoid diseases and illnesses,” expressed Lumiwes. Sagada’s three-day clean-up drive not only benefits the residents but also enhances the overall experience of tourists. It also aids in maintaining a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable municipality. //Fejelyn Sabino Sagada LGU attends HSRP The Local Government Unit (LGU) Sagada headed by municipal mayor Felicito Dula participated in the Health Systems Resiliency Project (HSRP) Environmental and Social Intruments disclosure meeting at the Provincial MultiPurpose Hall, Bontoc, Mountain Province on June 4. Having been selected as one of the beneficiaries among other four municipalitiess in Mountain Province, Sagada was one of the recipient of the Super Health Center under the HSRP program of the Department of Health with assistance from the world bank. Based on the report of mayor`s office, Sagada was chosen as one of the beneficiaries based on careful consideraton of the various elements that carefully affect the local health systems in the municipality. Other recipient in the province include Tadian, Bontoc, Bauko, and Paracelis. The HSRP is a five-year project which aims to strengthen local health systems and reinforce pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. This project covers 26 provinces in the country including Mountain Province. // Frits Pugong with reports from Mayor`s office LGU ATTEND SHSPC. Mayor Felicito Dula expresses his gratitude to the the Department of Health for considering Sagada as one of the beneficiary of Health Systems Resiliency Project (HSRP), Photo courtesy to Mayor`s Office. BFP SUPPORTS CLEAN-UP DRIVE. The Bureau of Fire Protection-Sagada joins in the Municipal clean-up drive as part of the world envirnonment celebration on June 3-5, Photo courtesy to Bureau of Fire Protection-Sagada. LGU, BFP spearhead clean-up drive
2 A Community Newsletter for Sagada, Mountain Province Ibaag Volume 5 · Issue 1 · June 4-10, 2024 Sagada, a popular tourist destination in the Philippines, bustles with activity during peak season. However, the rainy months of June to August bring a noticeable decrease in tourist arrivals. This impacts various sectors of the local tourism industry, prompting them to develop mechanisms to cope with the seasonal slowdown. Christina Bang-yay, Tourism Officer I of Sagada, acknowledged the significant drop in tourist numbers during the rainy season. She said that it affects everyone’s livelihood here in Sagada. Souvenir shop owners, particularly those who are selling woven products, homestay and transient house operators, including tour guides observed a decline in the number of customers or visitors. Hyner Pangoden, a tour agent from the Sagada Environmental Guides Association (SEGA) highlighted the diverse backgrounds of Sagada’s over 100 tour guides. He shared that they have students, teachers, farmers, and business owners who work as guides. “One of the main challenges we face during these months is the rainy season which leads to fewer tourists,” admitted Pangoden. The tour agent also shared that many guides have adapted to this seasonal fluctuation over the years. Some have taken other jobs or they return to their previous jobs during the rainy months. For tour guides with limited off-season work options, Pangoden highlighted how they utilize their time productively. He shared that they use the reduced tourist flow to improve their communication skills and knowledge about various tourist spots by attending trainings. They also use this time to train new tour guides, to ensure a sinasamahan ko nalang yung mister ko sa pagtatanim. (During these months I opt to close the shop since most of the time my profit is lesser than 200 pesos or even none at all. Therefore, I tend to accompany my husband in the farm),” Dao-as stated. On one hand, the tourism office assures that there are initial plans for the affected tourism stakeholders during the dull season in Sagada. Bang-yay emphasized that one more way to help the stakeholders is to further promote the tourism sector to still attract more visitors to Sagada despite the rainy days. Meanwhile, Pangoden shared that exploring the unique selling points of the rainy season in Sagada could be beneficial. For tourists who prefer a quieter experience, the rainy season can be an appealing time to visit. Sagada’s tourism industry demonstrates resilience and innovation in the face of a seasonal slowdown. With the resourcefulness of its local businesses and a focus on new options, the town can keep tourists coming year-round. //Pamela Pay-oen continuous stream of well-equipped tour guides in Sagada. The impact of the low number of tourists coming to Sagada does not only affect the tour guides. Zobaida Dao-as a souvenir shop owner and transient house operator in Barangay Dagdag, confirmed a drop in customers since the last week of May. “We diversify our income sources,” revealed Dao-as, hinting at the adaptability of Sagada’s tourism sector. She shared that they have to lessen the number of products to purchase to avoid losses due to expired goods. “Kapag ganitong mga buwan na, madalas nag sasarado ako ng shop kasi madalas hindi tataas sa halaga ng 200 ang kadalasang kita ko. May mga araw din na wala talagang benta. Kaya ang ginagawa ko, 2 Volume 5 · Issue 1 · June 4-10, 2024 A Community Newsletter for Sagada, Mountain Province Ibaag Sagada tourism shows resilience amidst decreasing visitors due to rainy season A GLOOMY AFTERNOON IN SAGADA. The rainy months of June to August bring a noticeable decrease in tourist arrivals.
3 A Community Newsletter for Sagada, Mountain Province Ibaag Volume 5 · Issue 1 · June 4-10, 2024 The Provincial Local Government Unit (PLGU) of Bontoc and the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office (MSWDO) of Sagada hosted a three-day skills training for Persons with Disabilities (PWD), solo parents, and senior citizens from the municipality of Sagada. This initiative, driven by constituent requests, aimed to empower participants from diverse backgrounds with entrepreneurial skills. Held at the Sagada Community Cooperative (SCC) building from June 6-8, 2024, the training focused on creating in-demand tourist souvenirs using resin art techniques. A total of 32 residents participated, eager to learn the craft of crafting beautiful keychains, ref magnets, coasters, and even wall art. According to Venus Padayao, the focal person of the governor`s office, the activity aims to help the participants become entrepreneurs. “This activity aims to provide livelihoods, jobs, and businesses for the participants,” expressed, Padayao. Furthermore, Rovanie Joy D. Fegcan, one of the trainers of the activity, reiterated the importance of this activity in funding livelihood opportunities. “We are teaching them to make different kinds of souvenirs that can be sold to tourists,” said Fegcan. The training program lasted for three days providing a comprehensive learning experience. Day one focused on the fundamentals of resin art, including the different types of resin available, necessary materials and tools, safety precautions, and both basic and advanced artistic techniques. Participants also learned how to create custom molds for their resin creations. On the second day, the participants applied their newfound knowledge into practice by crafting t h e i r own chosen resin souvenirs using the molds they created on day one. The last day of the training covered polishing, drilling, and installing chains to complete the souvenir items. In addition, the participants gained valuable marketing skills by learning how to create brochures to promote their handcrafted products. According to a senior citizen, who refused to be named and one of the participants of the activity, the training is very helpful for them because they can start their own business with the knowledge they learned. “Our creativity was redeveloped, we felt like a child again because I remember the things we have done during our primary grade.” she shared. On the other hand, the PLGU revealed its plans to connect participants with the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). “The PLGU will assist with processing forms for potential participants to request DOLE funding to kickstart their businesses,” explained Padayao. This successful program serves as a model for future initiatives. The next skills training program, tentatively scheduled for August 2024 will cater to the residents of the Municipality of Barlig. This upcoming program will focus on creating popular food products like potato chips and banana chips. This will further equip the residents of Barlig with valuable knowledge on food production for which will be their additional source of income. //Frits Keithley T. Pugong PLGU and MSWDO host skills training for Senior Citizens, Solo Parents, and Persons with Disabilities
4 A Community Newsletter for Sagada, Mountain Province Ibaag Volume 5 · Issue 1 · June 4-10, 2024 Currently, there are three key ordinances being implemented for waste management in the municipality. These are Municipal Ordinance No. 01-2003, Municipal Ordinance No. 04-2015, and Municipal Ordinance No. 05-1999. Municipal Ordinance 04-2015 or the Promotion of Environmental Sustainability through the use of Biodegradable Packaging Materials mandates the use of biodegradable packaging materials as alterative to plastic bags and styrofoam. Meanwhile, Municipal Ordinance No. 01-2003, an ordinance regulating the disposal of garbage in the municipality and prohibits the littering, improper waste disposal, and burning of garbage. Lastly, the Municipal Ordinance No. 05-1999 or the Anti-Littering ordinance outlines a tiered penalty system for littering with escalating fines for repeat offenders. “Strict enforcement of these regulations is crucial for maintaining a clean healthy environment in Sagada,” emphasized Cheryl April Castro, Environmental Management Specialist II of the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO). She explained that these ordinances are essential foe preserving the town’s natural beauty from the harmful effects of nonbiodegradable waste. Castro also highlighted the municipal firm stance on enforcing these ordinances, noting penalties imposed on establishments found violating regulations, including fines and temporary closures. The consequences for violating these ordinances are significant. Businesses caught violating the rules will face fines. These includes closures of establishment, and even potential suspension of business permits for habitual offenders. These measures underscore the commitment of the LGU for responsible waste management. For instance, Municipal Ordinance No. 1-2003 imposes a fine of 500.00 pesos for the first offence, increasing to 1,000.00 pesos for the third offence along with possible imprisonment. Similarly, Ordinance No. 04-2015 regarding biodegradable packaging carries fines ranging from 1,000.00 pesos to 2,500.00 pesos and culminating in a three-month business suspension for offenders. The Anti Littering Ordinance takes a different approach. While elementary and high school students face reprimands and clean up duty for littering, adults and non-students are subjected to tiered penalty system with increasing fines. This highlights the importance of instilling responsible waste disposal habits from a young age. Moreover, Castro shared that there has been a decrease in the number of plastic waste in the municipality since the implementation of these ordinances. Sagada’s commitment to environmental responsibility serves as an inspiration for other communities. By combining clear regulations, strict enforcement, and public awareness campaigns, Sagada LGU ensures a clean and sustainable future for generations to come. //Christian Salceda LGU Enforces three ordinances for greener Sagada Sagada, a renowned tourist destination known for its breathtaking beauty, is taking a firm stance on environmental protection through stricter enforcement of its solid waste management ordinances. These regulations play an important role in maintaining the town’s cleanliness and promoting long-term sustainability. Sagada MPS Strictly enforces Traffic management To manage traffic congestion and illegal parkings on roadside, the municipal police of Sagada heightens its implementation of traffic ordinance. Manuel Awingan, Police Senior Master Sergeant mentioned that they provided designated parking areas to avoid parking on roadsides that causes traffic. He added that police officers constantly checked for illegal parkings and penalize the violators. Traffic violators will be penalized based on the Municipal Ordinance No.04-2016 also known as transportation and traffic ordinance of Sagada Mountain Province. Section three of the traffic ordinance states that no parking or any mode of obstruction shall be allowed from 6:00 AM to 8:30 PM of each day on all major roads of the municipality including sidewalks and other passages particularly those that are classified as national and provincial roads. Meanwhile, section four of the ordinance enumerates the various acts and form obstructions that are subjected to penalties. These include leaving a vehicle on standby in any portion of the road for 10 minutes under the guise of violating or unloading passengers and leaving a vehicle in any portion of the road that hamper the free-flow of traffic. According to Keith L. Sumeg-ang, Police Chief Master Sergeant, traffic usually increases when tourist arrive in the municipality on weekends and holiday. This situation is usually experienced form January – June which is the peak season of tourists in Sagada. Members of the Sagada police officers and Local Government Unit (LGU) traffic enforcers confiscate the driver’s license registration or vehicle plate of the violators of traffic rules such as illegal parking, overloading, not wearing of seatbelt, obstruction, open pipe, and disobedience of traffic signs. CONTINUED ON PAGE 4
5 A Community Newsletter for Sagada, Mountain Province Ibaag Volume 5 · Issue 1 · June 4-10, 2024 FROM PAGE 3 Confiscated registration or plate of the violators are returned upon payment of 500.00 peso violation fee. Marissa, not her real name, one of the restaurant caretakers shared that they usually experience heavy traffic when there is a huge number of tourists visiting Sagada. She also added that traffic and road obstructions are usually observed on places near the tourist’s spots. With the limited road network and huge volume of road users during peak season, the LGU and Sagada MPS appeal to the public and visitors to park their vehicles in designated parking areas. Tourist are also encourage to walk to different sites or take public transport to lessen the number of vehicles and not to compromise the free – flow of traffic. // Kenneth Soriano Taccong farmers also express their concern on the financial assistance from the Department of Agriculture (DA). Accordingly, the 5,000.00 peso assistance is insufficient to cover their needs for organic Farming supplies. With this, farmers of Barangay Taccong appeal for additional support to aid their needs to jumpstart organic farming. “We appreciate the financial aid provided by DA through Rice Farmers Financial Assistance (RFFA) program but this amount cannot suffice for organic farming since inputs used in organic farming are considerably higher.“ explained Joan bataek, one of the farmers in Barangay Taccong. Peter P. Ticag, Senior Agriculturist of OMAG acknowledged the concern of farmers and recognized the importance of adequate support to ensure the success of agricultural initiatives. “We continue to engage farmers in Barangay Taccong to organic farming despite the lack or inadequate financial support, “ said Ticag. On the other hand, Ticag highlighted the significance of insurance coverage for farmers, especially in mitigating risks associated with weather changes and pest infestations. OMAG encourages farmers to register with the Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation (PCIC) within fifteen days after planting. This ensures access to financial assistance in the event of crop damage especially when there is typhoon and pest infestations which result to damage of their crops. The Senior Agriculturist added that the financial assistance provided by the DA has a positive impact on farmers, just like they will use it as capital for farming or can utilize it to buy agrochemicals like fertilizers and seeds. As OMAG continues its advocacy for organic farming and sustainable agricultural practices, there is a continuous need for more assistance from government organizations like the DA. Ticag also said that OMAG is prepared Taccong farmers voice financial strain in organic farming shift Despite the initiative of the Office of the Municipal Agriculture (OMAG) in promoting organic farming, farmers from Barangay Taccong struggle to transition due to higher cost of organic inputs compared to conventional farming methods. to assist every farmer who is interested in processing paperworks to certify them as organic farmers. With collective efforts and collaborative initiatives, OMAG aim to empower local farmers and foster a thriving agricultural sector rooted in sustainability and resilience within Sagada. //Ronnie De Leon CASH ASSISTANCE FOR RICE FARMERS. Eligible farmers in Mountain Province receive financial assistance under the Rice Competitive Enhancement Fund - Rice Farmers Financial As- sistance (RCEF-RFFA).
6 A Community Newsletter for Sagada, Mountain Province Ibaag Volume 5 · Issue 1 · June 4-10, 2024 MSWD Struggles in engaging OSY to youth projects According to MSWD, many of the young individuals identified several reasons why they refuse to attend to youth programs. Some of the reasons include family obligations, negative stereotypes, and lack of self-esteem making them hesitant to grab the opportunities being offered by the government. “Many of our OSY choose to focus on their jobs rather than attending to our invitations,” expressed Ruth Ann Lacasandile, Social Work Officer I of MSWDO. Lacasandile also shared that they have made numerous attempts to encourage the OSY to register for different projects and activities. She mentioned that they conducted home visits throughout the town to personally discuss the programs where the OSY can avail. Despite the struggles in engaging the OSY, Sagada LGU continues The Municipal Social Welfare and Development (MSWD) admitted that their office experiences difficulties in getting participation from the Out-of-School Youth (OSY) in Sagada despite the various programs being offered by the Local Government Unit (LGU). Municipal Engineering to construct pathways in three barangays These projects will be carried out to establish a more secure pathways with railing to avoid accidents specially that rainy season has begun. Tomas M. Bumay-et, officer-in- charge of the MEO mentioned that these pathways will not only provide safety and ease but also generate more business opportunities for the local since concrete pathways will lead to easier access to these places. The pathway to be constructed in barangay Pide has 500 thousand total budget. It has 220-meter length with 135-meters railing, and 4.5-meter(length) by 1.8meters (height) rip-rap. Meanwhile, the pathway for Nongonogan has one million pesos total budget which will extend to 248-meter length with 240-meter railings. Lastly, the pathway for barangay Ankileng also has 500-thousand-peso budget with 300-meter length and 15-meter by 3.2 meters (length – width). The source of fund foe these pathway project came from the Municipal Budgetary fund for 2024. According to Bumay-et, these projects are expected to start this month, However, their office is still waiting for the submission of the LGU for the contract agreement prior to the release of the notice to proceed. On the other hand, Bumayet also shared updates on the drainage canals in barangay Tangeb, Dekken, and Balawang which aim to prevent soil erosion damage and flooding. These drainage canal projects are funded by the Municipal Development Fund. In addition, the MEO added that there are ongoing construction of health centers in barangay Tanulong and Balugan. Each health center has 1.750 million budget. The target completion date of these health centers is on July 20 and 21 respectively. // Jerry Gamboc The Municipal Engineering Office (MEO) of Sagada will be constructing three concrete pathways in barangay Pide, Ankileng and Nongonogan to ensure safety of tourist and community members while visiting the tourist spot to offer various programs. These include vocational training, skills development, livelihood trainings, and alternative education initiatives. These programs aim to equip OSY with the necessary skills and knowledge to find employment or pursue further education. As Sagada takes action on this issue, the MSWDO is still determined to ensure that every youth has the access to the support and resources they need. The office strongly believes that it is a collective effort to turn lost opportunities into possibilities for the youth of Sagada. // Jesalyn Pilong Sagada LGU heightens curfew implementation Although the existing curfew ordinance of the municipality of Sagada focuses on minors and students, the Local Government Unit (LGU) is strictly enforcing curfew hours to all residents and visitors. The strict implementation of these curfew hours aimed at promoting safety and orderliness in the municipality. The curfew runs from 10:00PM to 4:00AM. According to councilor Reynold Davies, chairman of the Sangguinang Bayan peace and order committee, the curfew hours do not just focus on instilling community, discipline but also to avoid noise complaints and crimes. In the month of May, the municipal police of Sagada recorded 14 minors and two adults who violated the curfew hours. Police officer Abuan M.M. shared that the main reason of curfew violated the curfew violations is alcohol consumption. Other cases of violation include minors who are driving vehicles during curfew hours. To address the main cause of violations, the LGU also restricts selling and serving of liquors and other beverages from 10:00 PM to 5:00 AM as stated in the municipal ordinance No. 01-2011. CONTINUED ON PAGE 7
7 A Community Newsletter for Sagada, Mountain Province Ibaag Volume 5 · Issue 1 · June 4-10, 2024 Sagada MHO encourages community participation in blood donation The Municipal Health Office (MHO) has transformed the bloodletting program into a resident-driven initiative which reflects a change in attitudes toward blood donation within the community. is thoroughly tested by the blood bank before being used in medical treatments to guarantee safety and reliability. Joan Bataek, Chairperson of Communication for barangay Taccong, credits the program’s success to increased community participation. “Once residents grasped the benefits of blood donation, not just for themselves but for those in need., their volunteer spirit ignited. This motivated them to actively participate,” she explained. Bataek further highlights the impact of the program on those who previously struggled to find blood donors. She said that the program has been a lifeline for those facing difficulties securing blood. Joan Bataek, Chairperson of communication of barangay Taccong links Geraldine A. Alangui, Nurse III at the MHO admitted that it was challenging to convince people to donate blood because of the fear and lack of awareness of the benefits of blood donation. The perception of the community members changes when the MHO started distribution Information Education Communication (IEC) materials containing information that address queries of the residents. These IECs also shed light on the positive impact of blood donation. Currently, several barangays are actively hosting mobile blood donation drives. Alangui said that these mobile blood donations aim to ensure a steady supply of safe and tested blood in hospitals. Blood donors can help save lives and support those in critical situations. The collected blood CONTINUED FROM PAGE 6 Meanwhile, as per Municipal Ordinance No. 01-2005 also known as an ordinance Imposing curfew hours to students and minors in the municipality of Sagada, violators will face corresponding penalties. First offense will face any of the following penalties, interview and guidance in school, parental guidance in the office of the DSWD, and barangay cleaning for half day. On the second offense, include continuous guidance to both parent and child, referral of the child to barangay officials, and one day community work. Lastly, third offense will face a two-day labor at the municipal hall. //Locksley Sabado the program’s success to the increase in community participation. “The spirit of volunteerism is ignited once the residents realize the significance and benefits of blood donation,” expressed Bataek. Sagada’s dedication to blood donation extends beyond its borders. The municipality’s success stories inspired Besao, another municipality of Mountain Province, to adopt the blood donation ordinance of Sagada in 2018. Alangui said that Sagada was the first municipality in Mountain Province to have a blood donation ordinance. Alangui emphasizes the importance of consistent implementation and ongoing public education. “The key to a program like this is unwavering commitment to both execution and encouraging participation,” she explained. Alangui also emphasized the importance of consistent implementation and ongoing education in sustaining a commitment to both execution and encouraging community participation. //Jelly Ann Omanito SAVE LIVES. A resident of Sagada join the bloodletting activity organized by the Municial Health Office of Sagda in partnership with the Philippine Red Cross- Mountain Province Chapter at the old municipal building of Sagada. Photo Courtesy to MHO.
8 A Community Newsletter for Sagada, Mountain Province Ibaag Volume 5 · Issue 1 · June 4-10, 2024 Ibaag A community newsletter produced by Benguet State University, Development Communication for Sagada, Mountain Province. Volume 5 · Issue 1· June · 4-10, 2024 Editorial Board Mark Anthony D. Hernandez Adviser Pamela I. Pay-oen Editor Frits Keithley T. Pugong Layout and Design Jinefer Guevarra | Fejelyn Sabino | Christian Dion De Guzman | Kenneth Soriano | Jelly ann Omanito | Jesalyn Pilong | Christian Salceda | Yunic Dymarcuh Pugong | Locksley Sabado | Ronnie De leon | Rodenia Sanet | Florida Mapile | Joan Bastian | Helen Pakatiw | Jerry Gamboc Writers This alternative education system aims to provide opportunities for student mothers to still receive quality education while balancing their responsibilities as students and parents. It offers flexible class timing, childcare assistance, and other support tailored to their needs. According to Ignacio Pelila, School Principal of SNHS, student mothers can take modular lessons so that they can still cope with their face-to-face classes. Apart from offering modular classes for teenage mothers studying at SNHS, Pelila added that the school also conducts a series of forums and orientations about teenage pregnancy and responsible parenthood. “These initiatives might not be enough since we still record increasing teenage pregnancy cases, particularly this year,” admitted Pelila. In addition, he shared that the school continues to look for more alternative solutions to lessen the teenage pregnancy cases in the school and even in the municipality Meanwhile, from January – May, the Municipality Health Office (MHO) recorded a significant increase in teenage pregnancy rate in the Municipality of Sagada compared to the previous year. There were already 13 cases recorded from January – June this year whereas there were only seven cases reported in 2023. Teenage pregnancy issue is now seen as an alarming issue in the municipality that also causes an increase in the number of student drop-outs. Geraldine A. Alangui, Nurse III of MHO mentioned that they are hoping for a sustained information dissemination on teenage pregnancy awareness through various IEC materials. “Alleviating teenage pregnancy should be a collective effort and participation of the whole community so that it will succeed,” emphasized Alangui. //Yunic Dymarcuh Pugong SNHS offers alternative education system for teenage mother Amidst the increase in teenage pregnancy rate in the municipality this year, Sagada National High School (SNHS) enhanced the implementation of an inclusive environment for student mothers through alternative education system.