HISTORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN

HISTORY OF GRAPHIC
DESIGN

EGYTIAN ART CIVILIZATION

EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHS

•  Formed in the •  The Egyptian writing system
Dynasty of King is known as hieroglyphs
Menes in the land of (sacred craving)
Egypt (3100 b.c)
Earliest known hieroglyphs in the
•  Invented cylinder 3100 b.c and the last inscription
seals, architectural was carved in A.D 394 before
designs of brick, Egypt became a Roman Colony
decorative designs
motifs and the
fundamentals of
writing.

Ivory tablet of King Zet (1st
Dynasty)

•  5000 years old

•  Egyptian pictographic
writing

•  Their hieroglyphs
were magical symbols
for sacred rites

The Rosetta Stone was carved in
196 B.C.

•  The Rosetta Stone is
written in three scripts
because when it was
written, there were three
scripts being used in
Egypt.

•  The Rosetta Stone was
carved in 196 B.C.

•  The command has been
written during 197 b.c or
196 b.c after a great
council ascension of
Pharoah Ptolemy v (born
c. 210 b.c)

•  The cartouche (an oval or
oblong figure on the ancient
Egyptian) of Ptolemy
occurred several times.

•  The Rosetta Stone was
found in 1799.

•  The Rosetta Stone was
found by French soldiers
who were rebuilding a fort in
Egypt.

•  The Rosetta Stone is a text
written by a group of priests
in Egypt to honor the
Egyptian pharaoh. It lists all
of the things that the
pharaoh has done that are
good for the priests and the
people of Egypt

•  Dr. Thomas Young has translated the slab in
1819.

•  He proved that direction in the glyphs of
animals and people faces was the direction
from which hieroglyphs should be read.

•  After many years of studying the Rosetta Stone
and other examples of ancient Egyptian writing,
Jean-François Champollion deciphered
hieroglyphs in 1822.

•  Champollion could read both Greek and coptic.

•  He was able to figure
out what the seven
demotic signs in
coptic were. By
looking at how these
signs were used in
coptic he was able to
work out what they
stood for. Then he
began tracing these
demotic signs back to
hieroglyphic signs.

•  Revealed : Ptolemy
and Cleopatra name

•  Alphabet of P, O and I

Ptolemy and Cleopatra
cartouche

•  Hieroglyphs were
carved into stone

•  Mathematical grid
•  Covered the interior

and exterior of
temples and tomb
stone
•  Incised relief (cut
marks)

Sixth Dynasty Lady Sitinteti

Detail close up of the Sixth •  The design flexibility of
Dynasty Lady Sitinteti hieroglyphics was greatly
increased by the choice
of writing direction. One
started from the direction
in which the living
creatures were facing.
The lines could be written
horizontally or vertically,
so the designer of an
artifact or manuscript had
four choices: left to right
horizontally; left to right in
vertical columns; right to
left horizontally; and right
to left in vertical columns.

Reflexology event

Circumcision events
(religious spiritual purification)

Papyrus paper

•  Papyrus paper
•  Made out from the

plant Cyperus
papyrus grew along
the Nile river
•  15ft tall
•  Flower were used :
Garlands temple
•  roots : fuel

Hieroglyphic manuscripts

•  trigonometry formula
•  systems of multiplication

and division, fractions,
and even simple
algebraic algorithms and
calculus-like processes
for solving complicated
trigonometric problems,
such as computing the
mass of a truncated
pyramid. All this is known
of the ancient Egyptian
mathematics primarily
from a single scroll
(Rhind Mathematical
Papyrus) discovered by
accident.

•  Book of the Dead of
Tuthmosis iii

•  1450 b.c

•  simplified hieroglyphs
with pictographic origin

•  Detail book of the dead of
Tuthmosis III

•  Known the first illustrated
script

•  evolve mythology belief of
afterlife

•  Evolution of funerary text

•  Walls and passages were
covered with pyramid texts
of hieroglyphic writings,
including myths, hyms and
prayers relating to godlike
pharoah’s.

•  Hunefer and his wife,
worshipping the Gods of Amenta.

•  The sun god Ra bears and ankh
symbol on his knee

•  Thoth holds the Udjat (magical
protective “sound eye” of the god
of Horus.



•  Gods keeper (Thoth)
scribes the palette to
write the verdict

•  Right; monster Ammit

(devourer of the dead)

stands poised for action

• Papyrus of Ani whether Ani passes or fail

1420 b.c the judgment
•A  ni is a royal scribe,
accountant from Thebes •  Ammit; head of a
crocodile and torso of lion

• Together with wife known as with hindquarters of a
hippopotamus
thuthu

• Weighing Ani’s heart to see •  Top; shows 12 of 40 gods
his truthiness
who sits for judgment

Visual Identification

•  12th dynasty Egyptian
created carved
scarab emblems

•  Used for the
identification seals

•  An oval stone, glazed
steatite

•  Flat underside
engraved with
hieroglyphic
inscription