The Usborne Complete Book of the Human Body

Acknowledgemen ts The publishers are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce material: Cover (human skeleton) Alfred Pasieka/Science Photo Library (SPL); Blood cells © SPL; Endpapers (white blood cells) Dr. Gopal Murti/SPL; pl (blood vessels) Susumu Nishinaga/SPL; pp2-3 (skeleton) Alfred Pasieka/ SPL; p4 (embryo) Dr. Yorgos Nikas/ SPL; p5 (chest X-ray) Gusto/ SPL; p6 (chromosome set) CNRI/ SPL; pp6-7 (chromosomes) Biophoto Associates/ SPL; p8 (girl) Thinkstock/Getty Images; p8 (blood cells) SPL; pl 0 (head) Gandee Vassan/Getty Images; pll (lymphocyte) SPL; p12 (diatom) SPL; p12 (fat cells) Prof. P. Motta/Dept. of Anatomy/University "La Sapienza", Rome/ SPL; p15 (DNA autoradiogram) Colin Cuthbert/ SPL; p15 (family) Mark Anderson/Rubberball/Alamy; p15 (monkey) © Oshu/CORBIS SYGMA; pp16-17 (spongy bone) SPL; p18 (skeleton) Alfred Pasieka/ SPL; p18 (stapes) CNRI/SPL; p19 (spongy bone) Prof. P. Motta/Dept. of Anatomy/University " La Sapienza", Rome/ SPL; p19 (archaeologist) © Richard T. Nowitz/CORBIS; p20 (skeleton) john Daugherty/ SPL; p21 (artificial hip) Tek Image/ SPL; p21 (finger X-ray) Dept. of Clinical Radiology, Salisbury District Hospital/ SPL; p21 (finger photo) Dr. P. Marazzi/ SPL; p21 (contortionist) © Bob Krist/CORBIS; p22 (muscles) john Daugherty/ SPL; p23 (athlete) © Kevin Dodge/ CORBIS; p23 (astronaut) © CORBIS; p24 (nerves and muscle) Don Fawcett/ SPL; p25 (strongman) © Bettman/ CORBIS; p25 (boy) © Royalty-Free/CORBIS; p26 (smooth muscle) SPL; p26 (heart) james King-Holmes/ SPL; p27 (eye) Alfred Pasieka/SPL; p27 (trumpeter) SW Productions/Getty Images; p28 (doctor &: baby) Phototake/ Robert Harding; p28 (water fight) Sean Murphy/Getty Images; p29 (sweat) Richard Wehr/Custom Medical Stock Photo/ SPL; p30 (skin surface) SPL; p31 (swimmer) Dan Burton/lmagestate/Alamy; p31 (fingerprint) Stephen Moncrieff; p32 (kids) jorn Georg Tomter/Getty Images; p33 (artificial skin) j. C. Revy/SPL; p33 (sunbather) Dr. Arthur Tucker/ SPL; p33 (blood cells) Susumu Nishinaga/ SPL; p34 (hairs) Eye of Science/SPL; p34 (scalp cross-section) john Durham/ SPL; p35 (long fingernails) jagdish Agarwal/Stock Connection, Inc./Alamy; pp36-37 (brain cells) Nancy Kedersha/ UCLA/SPL; p38 (skull X-ray) Mehau Kulyk/ SPL; p38 (brain in jar) © Royalty-Free/ CORBIS; p39 (brain scan) Alfred Pasieka/SPL; p39 (cortex) Volker Steiger/ SPL; p39 (beheading) © Archivo Iconografico, S.A./CORBIS; p41 (neurons) CNRI/SPL; p43 (biker) © Roy Morsch/ CORBIS; p43 (colourblindness test) © Isshin-kai Foundation; p43 (rod &: cone cells) Omikron/ SPL; pp44-45 (cochlea hairs) Susumu Nishinaga/ SPL; p45 (ear syringing) Hattie Young/ SPL; p45 (sound waves) Mehau Kulyk/ SPL; p45 (stilt dancers) © Charles &: Josette Lenars/CORBIS; p46 (cell &: cilia) Prof. P. Motta/ Dept. of Anatomy/University " La Sapienza", Rome/SPL; p46 (skunk) © Tim Davis/ CORBIS; p47 (papillae) SPL; p47 (boy) Eye-Wire/Getty Images; p48 (brain) Montreal Neuro. Institute/ McGill University/CNRI/SPL; p48 (athlete) © ChrisHamilton/ CORBIS; p49 (Hindu) © Michael S. Yamashita/ CORBIS; p49 (hand X-ray) Zephyr/ SPL; p50 (brain) Wellcome Dept. of Cognitive Neurology/ SPL; p50 (experiment) age fotostock/David Riecks; p51 (crowd) Stuart McClymont/Getty Images; p51 (robot) Peter Menzel/ SPL; p52 (hand) Stephen Moncrieff; p53 (blood vessel) SPL; p55 (vocal cords) CNRI/ SPL; p55 (child) Frederic Cresseaux/Getty Images; p56 (cilia) Dr. G. Moscoso/ SPL; p57 (lung arteries) SPL; p57 (smoker's lung) james Stevenson/ SPL; p58 (heart muscle) SPL; p59 (heart X-ray) SPL; p59 (fatty artery) GjLP/ SPL; p60 (body's blood vessels) Sheila Terry/SPL; p61 (pulse) Faye Norman/ SPL; p61 (capillary) SPL; p62 (blood sample) Mauro Fermariello/ SPL; p62 (blood cells) SPL; p63 (clotting) SPL; p63 (blood bag) Tek Image/SPL; p64 (lymph node) SPL; p64 (doctor &: child) Simon Fraser/ SPL; p65 (gastric pit) Pr. S. Cinti/CNRI/ SPL; p66 (girl) julie Toy/ lmagebank/Getty Images; p67 (drip bag) jim Oliver/Peter Arnold Inc./ SPL; p67 (X-ray) SPL; p68 (gastric pit) ProS. Cinti/ CNRI/ SPL; p68 (cartoon) The Wellcome Library, London; p69 (fairground ride) Chad Slattery/ Getty Images; p69 (stomach X-ray) Zephyr/ SPL; p70 (villi) SPL; p70 (small intestine) Manfred Kage/SPL; p71 (obesity) Gusto/ SPL; p71 (avocado) © Lois Ellen Frank/ CORBIS; p72 (large intestine) CNRI/ SPL; p72 (E. coli) E. Gray/ SPL; p73 (donor kidney) Will &: Deni Mclntyre/SPL; pp74-75 (Salmonella bacteria) BSIP/SPL; p76 (lung X-ray) Simon Fraser/SPL; p76 (swimmers) © Mark M. Lawrence/CORBIS; p77 (bacteria) Dr. Linda Stannard, UCT/ SPL; p77 (researcher) © William Whitehurst/CORBIS; p78 (viruses) Eye of Science/ SPL; pp78-79 (cancer cell) SPL; p79 (sneeze) Dr. Gary Settles/ SPL; p80 (baby) © Mark L. Stephenson/CORBIS; pp80-81 (white blood cell) Biology Media/SPL; p81 (mosquito) Martin Dohrn/ SPL; p81 (vaccination) © CORBIS; p82 (pills) Luca DiCecco/Alamy; p82 (protozoa) Volker Steger/Christian Bardele/ SPL; p83 (tobacco) George Bernard/ SPL; p83 (helmet) © Roger Ressmeyer/CORBIS; pp84-85 (operation) International Stock/Robert Harding; p85 (tools) © LWA-jDC/ CORBIS; p85 (scar) Dr. P. Marazzi/ SPL; p85 (skull) National Museum, Denmark/ Munoz-Yague/ SPL; p86 (acupuncture head) age fotostock/Garry Gay; p86 (burning moxa) Damien Lovegrove/ SPL; p86 (rhubarb root) TH Foto-Werbung/ SPL; p87 (pituitary gland) Profs. P. M. Motta &: S. Correr/ SPL; p88 (egg &: sperm) Prof. P. M. Motta et al./ SPL; p88 (egg on pipette) Richard Rawlins/Custom Medical Stock Photo/ SPL; p89 (baby X-ray) Mehau Kulyk/ SPL; p89 (newborn baby) © Tom Galliher/ CORBIS; p90 (baby on phone) © jim Cummins/ CORBIS; p91 (sperm forming) CNRI/SPL; p91 (girls) Olivier Ribardiere/Getty Images; p92 (scary bear) © Galen Rowell/ CORBIS; p93 (tall &: small) SPL; p93 (diabetic girl) © Royalty-Free/ CORBIS; p94 (osteoporosis) Prof. P. Motta/Dept. of Anatomy/ University " La Sapienza", Rome/SPL; p94 (old man) © Don Mason/ CORBIS; p94 (false teeth) Gusto/SPL; p95 (bones) john Reader/SPL; pp96-97 (DNA autoradiogram) Alfred Pasieka/ SPL; p98 (cells) Dr. Gopal Murti/ SPL; p99 (Jeanne Calment) © Parrot Pascal/ CORBIS SYGMA; pl00 (blood-letting) © Historical Picture Archive/ CORBIS; pl0l (Pasteur) © Bettman/CORBIS; pl05 (embryo) Profs. P. M. Motta &: S. Makabe/ SPL; pl06 (mitochondrion) Bill Longcore/ SPL. Every effort has been made to trace and acknowledge ownership of copyright. If any rights have been omitted, the publishers offer to rectify this in any subsequent editions following notification. Artwork for ppl 02-1 03 by john Woodcock ' Cover design by Dianne Donaque • Picture research by Ruth King. Proofreading and Internet research by Claire Masset • Additional digital image manipulation by Glen Bird' Additional resea rch by judy Claybourne · Special thanks to Fiona Chandler Usborne Publishing is not responsible for and does not accept liability for the availability or content of any website other than its own, or for any exposure to harmful, offensive, or inaccurate material which may appear on the Web. Usborne Publishing will have no liability for any damage or loss caused by viruses that may be downloaded as a result of browsing the sites it recommends. Usborne downloadable pictures are the copyright of Usborne Publishing Ltd. and may not be reproduced in print or in electronic form for any commercial or profit-related purpose. First published in 2003 by Usborne Publishing Limited, Usborne House, 83-85 Saffron Hill, London ECl N 8RT, England. www.usborne.com Copyright © 2006, 2003 Usborne Publishing Ltd. The name Usborne and the devices ! are Trade Marks of Usborne Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Printed in Dubai. 112