iFSC 2022

13 – 15 September 2022 Jadual
Progra
m

International Future Scientists Conference 2022

WELCOMING REMARK

In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent
and the Most Merciful. May peace, mercy,
and blessings of Allah be upon you.

Welcome to the International Future
Scientists Conference 2022 (iFSC 2022). On
behalf of the organising committee, I would
like to convey our sincerest greeting and
gratitude to all IFSC 2022 speakers,
presenters, and attendees. Allow me to use
this occasion to extend a warm greeting to
all participants and guests, and to express
our thankfulness to the Almighty God for all
His blessings, grace, and mercies for enabling us to gather here in outstanding condition
and great health for iFSC 2022.

This year's conference theme is "Designing Sustainable Future through Research and
Innovation". Research is a logical and systematic search and exploration for new and
useful information on a particular topic. Systematic and logical research produces
invention. Today there a lot of inventions and innovations that have made the world
more sustainable such as AI (artificial intelligence), electric/hybrid car, green architecture
and many more. This theme will encourage the students to think beyond than
economic profit but more to generate long-term social and environmental benefits.

I would like to share one of our students’ success in National Science Challenge 2022
(NSC) which was held virtually from 1oth June until 27th August 2022. Our student
won the Green School Award for National Science Challenge. Green Innovation
Prototype is a prototype built by the students based on the theme of Water
Management. They will be receiving a grant from National River Care Fund (NRCF) to
build the Green Innovation Prototype into a larger-scale prototype after the NSC Grand
Final. The prototype built applies to the school and also the nearby surrounding to make
an impact on the world and take care of our planet earth.

We believe that this virtual conference will inspire students to engage in serious study
in STEAM knowledge fields and able to contribute to the advancement of humanity and
our local-global prosperity. This is the third year that this virtual conference has been
hosted. Despite all the difficulties in adapting to the new norms, our virtual conference
continues to thrive. I can state with great pride that our students have successfully
adapted to the new standards of learning, acquiring valuable and essential skills along
the way.

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International Future Scientists Conference 2022

This conference is a component of our STEAM initiatives that exposes high school
students to the significance of research, hence increasing their interest in STEAM. IFSC
2022 is a one-of-a-kind platform for showcasing cutting-edge research discoveries,
interacting, and sharing ideas among participants, and fostering the abilities of students
in STEAM. We pave the way for students to interact, experience, and connect with real-
life scientists and researchers from various faculties of this university (UKM) so that they
will have a real-world experience in making new discoveries and collecting new findings
during the research process. This, Ladies and Gentlemen, is a game-changer for
exposing our young generations to research.
This virtual conference intends, with great optimism, to educate young researchers to
explore new research dimensions and insights, as well as cutting-edge technology. It is
our mission to nurture the students' research interest and help expand their knowledge
and skills. It also has a significant impact on our vision to be a fountain of inspiration for
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Program and Research in
Gifted and Talented Education. Lastly, I would like to thank all committee members for
their dedication in properly arranging this conference. We also hope that through this
conference, our young researchers will be able to cultivate their inner potentials and
fuel their learning curiosity with research skills that will ignite a deeper interest in
research.
May God bless us all with good health to make this iFSC 2022 a successful and enjoyable
one!
Thank you very much.

PROF. MADYA DR RORLINDA BINTI YUSOF
Director
GENIUS@Pintar National Gifted Centre
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

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KEYNOTE SPEAKER

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PROGRAMME SCHEDULE

DAY 1

International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2022

13 September 2022 (Tuesday)
........................................................................................................................................

TIME AGENDA PLATFORM
Zoom
9.30 am - 10.30 am : Opening Ceremony
Majlis Perasmian & Facebook live
Zoom
10.45 am - 12.45 pm : Workshop 1
Bengkel 1 Zoom
Title: Research & Innovation in Achiening
Sustainable Development Goals

Prof. Dr. Fatin Aliah Phang binti

Abdullah

Chair, School of Education,
Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

2.30 pm - 4.30 pm : Workshop 2
Bengkel 2
Title: Perspective on Designing
Sustainable Child robot Interaction
among Children Diagnosed with
Cognitive Impairment

Ts. Dr. Luthffi Idzhar bin Ismail

Senior Lecturer,
Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Putra Malaysia

*Participation in Workshop 1 & 2 will be recorded in UrusBakat UKM

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DAY 2

International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2022

14 September 2022 (Wednesday)
........................................................................................................................................

TIME AGENDA PLATFORM
Zoom
8.30 am - 10.30 am : Presentation & Evaluation 1 Zoom
11.00 am - 1.00 pm Pembentangan & Penilaian 1
Zoom
: Presentation & Evaluation 2
Pembentangan & Penilaian 2

2.30 pm - 4.30 pm : Presentation & Evaluation 3
Pembentangan & Penilaian 3

DAY 3

International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2022

15 September 2022 (Thursday)
........................................................................................................................................

TIME AGENDA PLATFORM

9.00 am - 11.00 am : Workshop 3 Zoom
Bengkel 3
Title: The Evolving Role of Natural Products Zoom
from the Tropical Rainforests as a & Facebook live
Replenishable Source of New Drugs and
Herbal Medicines

Prof. Dato' Dr. Ibrahim bin Jantan

Institute of Systems Biology
(INBIOSIS),
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

11.15 am - 12.30 pm : Closing Ceremony
Majlis Penutupan

*Participation in Workshop 3 will be recorded in UrusBakat UKM

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OPENING CEREMONY

Majlis Perasmian

International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2022

Platform: Zoom & Facebook Live
Date: 13 September 2022 (Tuesday)
Meeting ID: 939 8368 4124
Passcode: 469932
Link: https://ukm-edu-my.zoom.us/j/93983684124?pwd=TE8xb01xSGxpbjljVTZFc2F0M0pzdz09
........................................................................................................................................

TIME AGENDA

9.00 am - 9.15 am : Arrival of Guests
9.15 am - 9.30 am
Ketibaan Tetamu
9.30 am - 9.40 am
9.40 am - 9.45 am : Arrival of the Vice Chancellor
9.45 am - 9.50 am & the Director of Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
9.50 am - 10.00 am
Ketibaan Naib Canselor
10.00 am - 10.10 am & Pengarah Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM

10.10 am - 10.20 am : National Anthem ‘Negaraku’ & ‘Varsiti Kita’

10.20 am - 10.30 am Lagu ‘Negaraku’ & ‘Varsiti Kita’

: Recitation of Doa

Bacaan Doa

: Montage Presentation

Tayangan Montaj

: Welcoming Speech
by the Director of Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM

Ucapan Aluan oleh
Pengarah Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM

YBrs. Prof. Madya Dr. Rorlinda Yusof

: Officiating Speech
by the Vice Chancellor, UKM

Ucapan Perasmian oleh
Naib Canselor, UKM

YBhg. Prof. Dato’ Gs. Ts. Dr. Mohd Ekhwan Hj. Toriman

: Video Performance
by the Students of Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM

Video Persembahan oleh
Pelajar Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM

: Photography Session & Dismissal

Sesi Bergambar dan Bersurai

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CLOSING CEREMONY

Majlis Penutupan

International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2022

Platform: Zoom & Facebook Live
Date: 15 September 2022 (Thursday)
Meeting ID: 973 4076 0843

Passcode: 554954
Link: https://ukm-edu-my.zoom.us/j/97340760843?pwd=bEhBdGU1bTlIUDlaOE5GTll0NGkzQT09
........................................................................................................................................

TIME AGENDA

11.00 am - 11.10 am : Arrival of Guests

Ketibaan Tetamu

11.10 am - 11.15 am : Arrival of the Director of Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM

Ketibaan Pengarah Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM

11.15 am - 11.25 am : National Anthem ‘Negaraku’ & ‘Varsiti Kita’

Lagu ‘Negaraku’ & ‘Varsiti Kita’

11.25 am - 11.30 am : Recitation of Doa

Bacaan Doa

11.30 am - 11.35 am : Montage Presentation

Tayangan Montaj

11.35 am - 11.45 am : Closing Speech
by the Director of Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM

Ucapan Aluan
oleh Pengarah Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM

YBrs. Prof. Madya Dr. Rorlinda Yusof

11.45 am - 12.15 pm : Presentation of Awards

Penyampaian Hadiah

12.15 pm - 12.25 pm : Video Performance
by the Students of Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM

Video Persembahan
Pelajar Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM

12.25 pm - 12.30 pm : Photography Session & Dismissal

Sesi Bergambar & Bersurai

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RESEARCH ABSTRACT

INTERNATIONAL FUTURE SCIENTISTS CONFERENCE 2022
“DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE FUTURE THROUGH RESEARCH AND INNOVATION”

APPLIED SCIENCE

NIGELLA SATIVA AS AN EFFECTIVE HEALTH CATALYST : A REVIEW PAPER

Muhammad Thaqif Azfar bin Mohd Najid1*, Mohd Saifun Aznin bin Mohd Sharif 1, Muhammad
Danish bin Mohd Shahril1, Muhammad Afiq Arfan bin Mohd Azman1, Wan Nazmin Shah bin
Wan Sabran1

1 Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Nigella sativa (NS) was stated that it can cure every disease except death by Prophet
Muhammad Peace Be Upon Him (PBUH). Based on past research, NS has a lot of benefits on
human health. Many diseases can be treated by consuming this black seed such as diabetes,
Covid-19, sore throat, and etc. This review consists of studies related to NS and its functions as
a health catalyst. Studies include different types of health-related problems such as skin wound
recovery, virus infection, autoimmune diseases, inflammation, high blood pressure and high
cholesterol level. The aim of this review is to explore the benefit of using NS as a remedy, how
to use it and the future of application of NS in pharmacological studies.
Keywords: Nigella sativa; health catalyst; habbatus sauda
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA AGAINST
HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK: A REVIEW PAPER

Muhammad Adam Solihin bin Mohd Zarufini1, Izzuddin Najmi bin Mohamad Sharif1, Nur Aina
Batrisyia binti Mohd Royzaini1 , Mohd Fadzil bin Kamarudin1

Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

According to recent diagnoses, around 6 in 3000 people have haemorrhagic shock annually.
Haemorrhagic shock could be fatal if left untreated. The treatment for this particular injury is
proven to be fairly effective. The medication however has tons of side effects many want to
avoid. Medicine by the name Tranexamic Acid (TXA) causes side effects including nausea,
diarrhoea, and stomach pain which are not very easy to deal with. Plus, in rare cases,
tranexamic acid can cause serious side effects like anaphylaxis or eye problems. In this paper,

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a study was done to see if the antioxidant activity in a very specific fruit called Ziziphus
mauritiana is able to prevent haemorrhagic shock. Antioxidant has been a common agent
mainly used in therapy to treat or prevent oxidative stress-related diseases. In this case,
antioxidants would give a remarkable effect to prevent any type of haemorrhage. In the past
few months, we have been studying this particular fruit through a number of research archives.
Ziziphus mauritiana is known as a phenolic compound that has numerous functions, most
importantly as antioxidants. A number of research papers have been using several methods
such as measuring the composition and the presence of antioxidants and even a test on mice.
Antioxidants give a significant effect of protecting blood vessels from being exposed to free
radicals. In conclusion, the antioxidant activity in Ziziphus mauritiana serves as a good
alternative in order to prevent fatal hemorrhage.
Keywords: Haemorrhage, Antioxidants, Ziziphus mauritiana
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

EFFECTS OF FERULIC ACID ON ENDURANCE CAPACITY OF HEALTHY MICE

Jared Ong Kang Jie1*, Evelyn Foo Yifei1, Daniel bin Mohd Rasheedi1, Loh Chai Ling1, Fairuz
Adlidna binti Badrol Hissam1

1 Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Exercise is known to improve human health and reduce the risk of all-cause mortality in
humans. A few natural chemicals have shown promising effects in improving athletic
performance, which may lead to improved adherence in the long term. Ferulic acid, an
abundant phenolic acid found in the bran of wheat, rice, and oats, has been shown to reduce
the risk of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, and diabetes, due
to its antioxidant property. Our research aims to evaluate the effects of acute administration
of ferulic acid on exercise performances in healthy mice as previous research has pointed in
the direction of ferulic acid being able to reduce blood pressure in diseased mice. Reduction
in the blood pressure levels in NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced spontaneously
hypertensive mice was observed after long-term supplementation of ferulic acid. High blood
pressure has been linked to a reduction in athletic performance. Hence, we planned to
examine the dose-response relationship between acute administration of ferulic acid and the
endurance capacities of healthy mice. We did so by forcing mice to swim in a water-filled pail
until their nose dropped below the water level as a proxy for exhaustion. We chose to do so
since it is the most economical way of testing a mouse’s endurance. Our results indicate that
ferulic acid administered acutely to mice had a dose-dependent positive effect on their
endurance performance (p<0.05), with 0.2g/kg body weight and 0.4g/kg body weight of
ferulic acid having a 1.62 and 1.92 standard deviation from the control’s mean.

Keywords: endurance capacity; performance; ferulic acid
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ROSEMARY (SALVIA ROSMARINUS) ESSENTIAL OIL IN AROMATHERAPY TO
IMPROVE COGNITIVE ABILITIES AMONG GIFTED STUDENTS OF KOLEJ GENIUS@PINTAR NEGARA,

UKM

Muhammad Arif Fakhruddin1, Mohamad Aiman Asyraaf1, Nur Dina Aisya1, Nur Ain Amirah1,
Mohd Hakimie bin Zainal Abidin1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,

Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT

Technology has become an inseparable part of the current generation's life. The abundance
of information and entertainment in our society has caused distractions, overload, and anxiety.
To minimise these negative impacts, alternatives such as aromatherapy have been widely
used to improve humans' cognitive abilities. It has been established that the rosemary (Salvia
Rosmarinus) essential oil used in aromatherapy managed to leave some positive remarks such
as improving memory and attentiveness. This research was conducted among gifted students
to further investigate and corroborate past research on the effectiveness of rosemary in
aromatherapy. The findings of this study would widen the horizon of alternatives to improve
the quality of students’ lives. To achieve the objective, Memory Image Grid Test, Situation
Awareness Rating Technique (SART) and Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) test were conducted
to evaluate the respondents’ memory, focus and emotional state respectively. The responses
were collected through an online survey. 60 gifted students were separated into two groups,
where one was exposed to rosemary aromatherapy. The results indicate that the group that
was exposed to aromatherapy had higher average scores. For instance, in the Memory Image
Grid Test, the average score of correctly reselected images in the control group is 23.33 while
in the experimental group is 25. This proves that rosemary oil does increase concentration in
gifted students effectively. Thus, we can employ rosemary aromatherapy in the classroom or
dorms to create a better environment for learning.
Keywords: Salvia Rosmarinus; aromatherapy; memory; focus; gifted students
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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THE EFFECTS OF PERSONALITY TYPES ON GIFTED AND TALENTED STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE

Nurin Sofea Binti Zulkifli1, Nur Farhana Aliah Binti Abdul Rahman1, Danish Imran Agus Bin
Faisal1, Nur Aleyah Mardhiyah Binti Mohd Zaki1, Ong Sy Ing1*

1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This study examines the relationship between gifted and talented students’ personality types
and their academic performances. Their personality types are determined using the Myers–
Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and their academic performances are determined using their final
examination results’ Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA). The MBTI types are sorted from
8 personality traits which are Introverts (I), Extroverts (E), Sentinels (S), Intuitives (N), Thinkers (T),
Feelers (F), Judgers (J) and Perceivers (P). These personality traits are then sorted into four
temperaments of personality groups; diplomats (ENFP, ENFJ, INFP, INFJ), analysts (ENTP ,ENTJ,
INTP, INTJ), sentinels (ESFJ, ESTJ, ISFJ, ISTJ) and explorers (ESFP, ESTP, ISFP ,ISTP). There were 120
students in all ages 13, 15 and 17 years who participated in this survey where in each batch
involved 40 students. This research found that diplomats (38.3%) are most common in Kolej
GENIUS@Pintar Negara UKM students followed by sentinels (33.3%), analysts (15%) and the
rarest, explorers (13.3%). This research also showed that student’s MBTI personality traits
correlates with their CGPA with r = 0.413 and overall academic performances with J-type
person might have the higher CGPA result while P-type person might have lower CGPA thus
highlighting the significance of mild relation between MBTI types and academic performance.
This research also revealed that the difference in academic achievement and MBTI personality
traits between age groups (13, 15, and 17) adn gender were not statistically significant thus
indicates that gifted and talented students can adapt to any learning style and curriculum
regardless of gender and age groups. Based on the results, this research discusses which
personality traits have the higher and lower academic performance optimally based on CGPA
and suggests that each gifted student should be treated differently based on their personality
types.

Keywords: gifted and talented students; Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI); academic
performance
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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A REVIEW OF A DRINK TO INCREASE HAEMOGLOBIN PRODUCTION IN ANAEMIC PATIENTS

Cahaya Syafiqa binti Anuar1, Munirah binti MD. Monirul Islam Badal1, Nur Izzaty binti Zulkifli1,
Noorlin binti Maaulot1*

1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Anaemia is a disease in which your body lacks haemoglobin to transport oxygen to the rest of
your body tissues. Anaemia is caused by three different reasons; blood loss, lack of
haemoglobin production and high rates of red blood cell destruction. Lack of haemoglobin
production can be caused by nutrient deficiencies in the body. Nutrients such as iron, folate,
and B12 are important for haemoglobin production. The purpose of this research is to find a
suitable drink for anaemic patients that can help increase their nutrient intake and in turn
increase their haemoglobin count. The drink will contain food rich in nutrients which are
important for the production of haemoglobin. This review shows that legumes such as oats and
nuts are high in iron, which can help with iron deficiency anaemia. Citrus fruits like oranges and
lemons are high in folate, which is important in haemoglobin production. Dairy products
including milk, yoghurt and cheese can help increase vitamin B12 in the body. Thus, the mixture
of these ingredients can be formulated to create a drink that can help anaemic patients with
nutrient deficiencies and improve their haemoglobin production.

Keywords: haemoglobin; anaemia; nutrition deficiency; drink
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

COMPARISON BETWEEN EFFICIENCY OF NATURAL DYES FOR DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS
(DSSC) : A REVIEW

Muhammad Ziyad Muhriz Saifulbahri1*, Muhammad Amier Miswan Hanis1, Nur Izazi Ahlam
Nazree1, Nuriman Irdhina Azmi1, Mazliza Mohtar1

1 Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Dye-sensitized Solar Cells also known as DSSC, are a great alternative to standard solar cells
since they are very cheap and easy to make. However, it has a significant flaw, namely low
efficiency compared to the typical solar cell. Synthetic and natural dyes are the two types of
dyes utilized in DSSC. Despite the fact that synthetic dye is more effective than natural dye,
we will concentrate on using the natural dye because it is simple to extract and highly
sustainable. These natural dyes can be removed from any part of the plant such as leaves,
flowers, and fruits. Since there are many natural dyes to choose from, choosing the right one
is very important. In this review, we will look at four different types of natural dyes for DSSC and
compare their efficiency. The natural dyes that we will focus on are fruit dye, flower dye, leaf

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dye, and mixed dye. Some methods are used to measure the efficiency of the natural dyes
by looking at the range of wavelengths they can absorb and the energy conversion efficiency
of the DSSC. The dyes are obtained from leaves, flowers, and a mixture of them. Based on our
findings, mixed dye is the most efficient natural dye if mixed correctly since it can absorb a
broader light spectrum. It also has a high energy conversion efficiency compared to other
DSSCs. Natural dyes from leaves also have a high efficiency because leaves have a green
pigment that can absorb the most light compared to other pigments.

Keywords: DSSC; natural dye; efficiency; sustainable
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC AGENT : REVIEW ARTICLE

Mohd Hafizul Azrie bin Othman1*, Siti Aisyah binti Sa’ari¹, Hana Saffiyah binti Mohd Hairil
Izzuan¹, Nurul Farzana binti Adnan¹, Hemmasshini A/P Rajavel¹

1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This review aims to discuss and summarize the therapeutic potential of hibiscus rosa sinensis
and its role as a medicinal plant in many traditional health remedies. The usage of H. rosa
sinensis in tea remains relevant as a natural diuretic and herbal medicine for treatment of
hypertension, cholesterol production, and cancer progression. A study concerning aqueous
extract of H. rosa sinensis on maternal rats have shown antifertility effects on reproductive
functions of mice which effectively proves H. rosa sinensis as a fertility suppressant and oral
contraceptive (OCS). In India, H. rosa sinensis is used to inhibit wound healing and heal
damaged tissues. A test regarding the wound-healing capabilities of H. rosa sinensis have
confirmed the hypoglycemic effects in aqueous extracts of H. rosa sinensis. 50 grams of H. rosa
sinensis was suspended with 200 millimeters of ethanol for filtration and the clear residue was
given to a test group of mice. It was reported that the test group of mice had faster wound
epithelialization in comparison to a control group of mice with no given aqueous ethanolic
extract. This outcome raises interest to many healthcare specialists regarding the wide variety
of nutritional values and potential scientific recognition of H. rosa sinensis in industrial
healthcare.

Keywords: H. rosa sinensis; medicinal plant; herbal medicine; healthcare
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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EXTRACTION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM ONION WASTE (ALLIUM CEPA L.) FOR WOUND
HEALING: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE

Humaira binti Mohd Aidil Shah1*, Putera Haziman bin Hamidan1, Nurul Aqilah binti Ruzilan1,
Shubatra Nahenthara Raj2, Syarul Nataqain Baharum2, Nurul Suzaina binti Joli1

1Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
2 Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Onions (Allium cepa L.) are known for their diverse use in culinary and non-culinary fields. The
versatility has pushed the world onion production number to almost 48 billion kilograms each
year. Despite that, up to 38% of the fresh weight of processed onions is disposed of, whereas
10% of harvested onions are not suitable for marketing. This contributes to the major food waste
problem worldwide while posing a problem to the environment as onions cannot be used in
animal feed and composting due to their toxicity and susceptibility to cultivating Sclerotium
cepivorum. To combat this issue, many studies on converting vegetable scraps into resources
have been done. However, all published studies that emphasize onions focus on the onion skin
rather than the whole uneaten parts of the onion. This study internalizes the “Waste to Gold”
sustainability concept by using the onion waste as a whole, including the roots and buds, for
extraction of proven bioactive compounds in wound healing while bridging the knowledge
gap between the wound healing of simple organisms and multicellular organisms. The liquid
chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) results of the Allium cepa L. extract have proven
the presence of compounds such as flavonoids and antioxidants responsible for the wound
healing process. Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) were also used to determine the
efficacy of the ethanolic extract, however, definitive results cannot be proven due to the
immature death of the larvae.

Keywords: Onion waste; flavonoids; black soldier fly larvae; wound-healing; Allium cepa L.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

COFFEE AND TOBACCO AS A NATURAL HOUSE GECKO CONTROL

Norfiza binti Apfandi1*, Wan Nur Sufia binti Wan Mohsein1, Aliah Maisarah binti Ismail1,
Nurul Ain binti Mohd Samsuri 1, Syarifah Alya Afifah binti Syed Abdillah1

1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

House geckos (Hemidactylus frenatus) are widespread across Southeast Asia's residential
regions and are rapidly becoming a cosmopolitan species with a distribution closely related
with human habitation. House geckos may be considered as pests since their faeces can
cause Salmonella infections. Insecticides are used to manage insect infestations and diseases
transmitted by pathogens. Insecticides have been linked to negative impacts on human

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health and the environment. Therefore, as an alternative to chemical insecticides for the
elimination of house geckos, an organic pesticide made from coffee and tobacco powder is
being considered. Coffee is a naturally occurring pesticide produced by plants that inhibits
enzymes in the nervous systems of herbivorous insects, causing paralysis and death in the more
susceptible insects. Adding coffee into insecticides, results in the presence of caffeine, is
proven to improve their ability to kill more insects. Tobacco is a perennial herbaceous plant in
the Solanaceae family where its leaves are grown commercially in many countries to be
processed into tobacco for smoking. For centuries, nicotine contained in tobacco has been
widely acknowledged as a natural insecticide due to its quick contact poison that kills insects
rapidly causing intensive tremors, convulsions, and then paralysis. Usage of organic
insecticides reduces the food source amount of house geckos which subsequently controls
the population of the reptile in households. Furthermore, this natural insecticide aids in
protecting the environment and halting the spreading of dangerous diseases caused by
hazardous chemicals.

Keywords: insecticide; coffee; caffeine; tobacco; nicotine; house gecko
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

THE EFFECT OF EGGSHELL WASTE COMPOSITION ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE PAPER

Aiman Haikal bin Hassan1, Goh Yi Wei1, Lai Haye Jenn1, Pang Xin Yue1
Nur Nadiah binti Lani1*, Premanarayani Menon1,

1 Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Excessive deforestation and logging have resulted in the reduction of paper fibre and pulp.
These activities are also the cause of global warming. It is important to find alternative methods
for paper production to sustain the paper industry. Herein, we focus on the utilization of
eggshell waste and recycled papers to make composite paper. The objective of this research
is to determine the feasibility of producing papers from eggshell waste and used papers. The
mechanical properties of the papers were measured by their tensile strength, while the
physical properties were evaluated to establish the optimal composition of the composite
paper. Firstly, the school canteen’s eggshell waste was gathered. Next, a batch of eggshells
was removed from their membranes, sun-dried, and ground while the eggshell membrane of
another batch was retained. Then, the predetermined ratio of 8:2 recycled paper to eggshell
waste was added, along with paper pulp to the respective batch. The research discovered
that composition paper made from egg shells with the membranes retained has resulted in
higher tensile strength. Furthermore, it is observed that this batch of composite paper showed
similar properties as normal paper, in terms of color and thickness. It is concluded that eggshell
waste is a viable substitute for making composite paper since it retained and enhanced its
mechanical properties to that of normal paper.

Keywords: recycled paper; eggshell waste, composite paper, mechanical properties
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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SUSTAINABLE WASTE-MANAGEMENT PROCESS BY STUDYING THE EFFECT OF FERMENTED
COCONUT DREGS (FCD) TO THE GROWTH OF BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE (HERMETIA ILLUCENS)

Nurul Aliyah binti Amir Razif1*, Alisa Jasmin binti Mohd Sohor1, Muhammad Zainal Arshad bin
Zamzuri1 , Nursakinah binti Mat Hazir1, Ikhwan bin Zakaria2

1 Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

2 Program ASASIpintar,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Each tonne of organic waste disposed of at a landfill and broken down by anaerobic
fermentation releases about one tonne of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-e) of greenhouse
gasses, mainly in the form of methane. Methane is a significant contributor to global
greenhouse gas emissions. Thus Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) is used to upcycle organic waste
into larval biomass sustainably. This research aimed to determine the effect of Fermented
Coconut Dregs (FCD) on the growth of BSFL. The study design was completely randomized
(CRD) with 2 treatments. Treatments included P0 (0% of yeast in CD) and P1 (0.05% of yeast in
CD). 0.1g of dry yeast powder (commercial brand: Pinnacle) were homogenized with 50g of
CD to serve as an initial inoculum for fermentation to take place in P1, while original CD were
given for P0. The dry weight basis of each CD was then administered into 15g of BSFL each.
The larval rearing using each treatment was observed after a week. The results showed that
using FCD for BSFL diets significantly affected feed intake, absolute body weight, feed
conversion and live survival. It can be concluded that the best growth in BSFL is obtained at
the level of 0.05% of the FCD. The high protein accumulation via rapid BSFL growth was
caused by the high FCD degradation rate, heralding FCD palatability for BSFL feeding as
opposed to CD. The high content of protein in larval biomass could be applied as an
alternative nutritional food for the substitution of conventional animal feed.

Keywords: Organic waste, fermentation, black soldier fly
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

EFFECTIVENESS OF BIVALVE MOLLUSCS IN DETECTING
IMPURITIES IN WATER : REVIEW PAPER

Dayang Sofea Maisara1*, Hureen Eisya1, Sharifah Nur Aisya1, Mariati binti Mokhtar1

1 Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Malaysia deals with water pollution in rural areas and water quality is clearly deteriorating in
the country. Bivalve molluscs or more specifically clams or mussels can help with filtering and
detecting impurities in water. There are a few types of bivalve molluscs native to our country

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that is nearly extinct. The controlled breeding of these species, in certain areas, with further
research gives us more insight on the species. This research shows the efficiency of bivalve
molluscs in detecting impurities in water and filtering the body of water it is in. The types of
literature used in this review are journal papers, articles, and websites. Results show that bivalve
molluscs are very effective in filtering water and detecting impurities in water. This has a lot of
benefits in the future of the country’s water quality.

Keywords: bivalve molluscs; water pollution; clean water; water quality; endangered species
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ECO-ENZYME FROM CARICA PAPAYA AND CITRUS SINENSIS AS CLEANING AGENTS

Nuratikah Aqilah binti Awg Morni1, Siti Aisyah binti Ahmad Tubandawi1, Ummi Khalidah binti
Azman1, Alyssa Sofia binti Mohd Azizan1, Crystal binti Iskandar1*

1 Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Household waste management has become a great challenge especially now that the
cities are expanding, and populations are rapidly growing. In addition to technological
facilities built to mitigate the problem, the public are also urged to practise the three ‘R’s
which is to reduce, reuse and recycle. Therefore, the objective of this study is to propose a
solution to reduce the household organic waste by recycling and reusing it in the making of
eco-enzymes as cleaning agents. Eco-enzyme, also known as garbage enzyme, is a
multipurpose liquid produced from the fermentation of organic waste such as fruit peels and
vegetables leaves. In this study, Carica papaya and Citrus sinensis peels are chosen as the
main organic waste to produce the eco-enzyme cleaner due to their numerous
pharmacological activities. They are also easily accessible and are amongst the common
organic waste in Malaysia. After months of fermentation to produce the bio-enzyme
naturally, the eco-enzyme is then compared to other industrial cleaning agents. It is found
that the eco-enzyme made from the leftover fruit peels is just as effective in removing fat
residues and dirt stains. In conclusion, the study will increase public awareness of
environmental issues and promote eco-enzymes as a simple approach to simultaneously
reduce costs and improve sustainability.

Keywords: eco-enzyme; Carica papaya; Citrus sinensis; cleaning agent; sustainability
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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UTILIZATION OF EGG WHITE AS AN ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE FOR GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
(GERD)

Hawin Mufidah1*, Shafira Nuraini1, Sumayyah Syandana1

1Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur,
No.1 Lorong Tun Ismail,

50480 W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Stomach pain is one of the causes of an increased hydrochloric acid, HCl in the stomach.
Based on World Health Organization (WHO) data, there are 1.8-2.1 million Gastroesophageal
Reflux (GERD) sufferers in the world per year. Modern medicines available on the market are
used for the treatment of GERD. However, long-term use of these drugs can cause side
effects. Therefore, efforts have to be taken to produce alternative treatments that are
effective and safe. The purpose of this study was to test the potential of eggs as a traditional
ingredient in treating GERD. The pH test was started on domestic and free-range chicken
eggs, followed by a pH test for processed boiled egg whites, cloud bread, and capsules. The
result of the pH test of egg whites and their products is 10. The effectiveness test of egg whites
with an average mass of 44g can neutralize HCl pH = 2 with an average volume of 25.3 ml.
The results of the questionnaire showed that 100% of the respondents stated that egg whites
help to relieve GERD. The results of this study indicate that egg whites have the potential to
be an alternative medicine for GERD whereby they are safe, nutritious, and easy to obtain.

Keywords: alternative medicine; egg white; GERD; HCl
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

MEDEOR CREAM

Koh Wern Li1, Cheng Weng Yee1, Ng Xin Yan1, Lee Le Xun1, Najiehah binti Yusoff1*

1SMJK Chan Wa Seremban,
219 - 220 Jalan Temiang,

70200 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Mercury is a toxic metal that can cause serious health complications. Previous studies have
shown most skin creams have a high level of mercury that could cause adverse health effects.
Ergo, this issue triggered us to come up with the idea of making a skin cream that is effective
at the same time and also mercury-free. Our product is easy, convenient, and effective. The
materials and ingredients that were incorporated are all organic and gentle to the skin. We
carried out steam distillation to extract the essence of the Jasmine flower and key lime. We
have added drops of chlorella water into the formulated natural cream base. As a result, our
product has wound healing, whitening, and wrinkles desalinating properties. The findings of
this study show that formulated cream shows a higher rate of wound healing as compared to

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conventional cream. Besides that, the formulated cream also exhibited whitening and wrinkles
desalinating properties on the face and hand. Therefore, Medeor Cream is a brand-new
invention that may bring a huge change to the cosmetic industry. We hope that our cream
can be widely used in the future to reduce mercury poisoning issues and benefit the
community.

Keywords: Medeor cream; mercury level; organic; wound healing; whitening
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

AVERRHOA NATURAL HERBAL SOAP

Tam Jia En1, Foo Jingen1, Joyce Lee Xin Yi1, Ng Yue Qhi1, Najiehah binti Yusoff1*

1SMJK Chan Wa Seremban,
219 - 220 Jalan Temiang,

70200 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Soap comes in many varieties and forms—from bars to bottles to boxes. The uses for soaps are
just as expansive—from cleaning our hands, hair, and faces to a variety of household cleaning
jobs, such as dishes or laundry. Nowadays, most people like to make more antibacterial soap
or natural soap than regular soap. Antibacterial soaps contain chemicals that can kill bacteria
or inhibit their growth. Those ingredients are added to many consumer products with the intent
of reducing or preventing bacterial infection. Herein, we have formulated the Averrhoa
Natural Herbal Soap. They are made from the extract of herbal plants and essential oils, which
makes them safe to use for people of any age. It gently cleanses your skin without causing any
harm to the skin’s oil balance. Also, the natural ingredients promote healing and soothing
effect to various skin infections besides imparting a natural beauty to the skin. Since our soap
is able to kill germs, it can be also used as a body soap. We also did a pH testing on our soap
using the universal indicator. The universal indicator turned dark green (pH8). This has proven
that our herbal soap is slightly alkaline. Furthermore, our soap contains glycerin which helps in
retaining the moisture in the skin thereby making these soaps for dry skin conditions. In
conclusion, our natural herbal soap is cheap, easy to make, and environmentally friendly.
Moreover, the studies show that the rate of irritation is minimal. Therefore, It is suitable to be
used for all skin types.

Keywords: Averrhoa; soap; natural; skin
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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NATURAL NUTMEG FACIAL MASK

Wong Kar Wei1, Hoi Kah Men1, Shim Jia Hui1, Yee Sin Jie1, Vikneswaran M. Gunahlan1

1SMJK Chan Wa Seremban,
219 - 220 Jalan Temiang,

70200 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The readily available face masks contain harmful chemical ingredients. Hence, we have
formulated natural nutmeg facial mask in order to solve this problem. Nutmeg has potent anti-
inflammatory and antibacterial properties. The formulated face mask also contains milk and
polleney honey. The combination of these three ingredients helps to reduce the occurrence
of pimples, hydrate, and exfoliate. natural nutmeg facial mask is an invention that could bring
along positive impacts to our skin. The face mask is prepared by simply mixing all these
ingredients into a paste form. The preparation of this face mask is very convenient, cost
effective and time-saving.

Keywords: nutmeg; facemask; convenient
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

LIME PURE DEW

Ong Ee Qi1, Cheng Zi Ying1, Chong Wan Yee1, Chaw Yong Wei1, Vikneswaran M. Gunahlan1

1SMJK Chan Wa Seremban,
219 - 220 Jalan Temiang,

70200 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Many people worry about the quality of skincare products. Herein, we have formulated
skincare products using readily available natural ingredients. The main ingredient of the
product is lime. Lime has a very high content of vitamin C. In fact, studies show that the vitamin
content of lime is higher than lemon. The formulation of lime pure dew consists of a simple and
convenient technique. The cleaned lime peels are added to filtered water in a pot. Some ice
is placed in the middle of the pot using the turned-over pot lid. The mixture was left to simmer
for 40 minutes. As a result, the produced steam condenses into small droplets as it touches the
cold surface of the pot lid. The obtained droplets were collected and studied for their
effectiveness. The collected droplets exhibited a refreshing effect on the skin. The formulated
lime pure dew exhibits the potential to be developed as a natural skin toner. Also, the
production of lime pure dew involves convenient, time-saving, and cost-effective techniques.

Keywords: lime, condense, dew, toner
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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NATURAL PEEL CLEANER

Ngui Bechyn1, Sim Ke Shing1, Siow En Qi1, Siew Kah Huei1, Vikneswaran M.Gunahlan1*,
Arifah binti Abdullah1

1SMJK Chan Wa Seremban,
219 - 220 Jalan Temiang,

70200 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Nowadays, a lot of people use store-bought cleaning products to wash their dishes or clothes.
However, most cleaning products may contain chemicals that can harm not only ourselves
but also the environment. For example, high pH value of some cleaning products can cause
skin irritation such as dermatitis while the harmful substances found in cleaning products such
as ammonia and phosphate can pollute the rivers and oceans and harm marine life.
Therefore, we aim to develop cleaning products that are made from natural ingredients that
do not harm the environment. We have incorporated noni fruits and papaya leaves into the
formulation. The natural peel cleaner was tested for its effectiveness by experimenting with its
usage in our school canteen. The canteen workers in our school tried using the cleaner on their
dishes and it was very effective at lifting grease and oil stains from the dishes. Besides that, we
also tested it on three clothes that have been soaked with oil, ink, and dirt respectively. The
stains on the clothes faded with time. The findings show that the product has the potential to
clean dishes as well to remove stains from clothes. The pH value testing was conducted using
the universal indicator and blue and red litmus paper. The universal indicator turns into an
emerald green color while the litmus paper did not show any difference. This proves that our
cleaner is neutral. It also means that it has a low pH value compared to conventional cleaning
products which have a high alkalinity value that can cause harm to the user. In conclusion,
our product, the Natural Peel Cleaner is cheap, easy to make, and environmentally friendly.
The rate of irritation is minimal and can remove dirt, grease, and oil stains effectively and easily.
It is suitable for everyone to use including housewives, restaurant, workers, and school canteen
workers.

Keywords: noni fruits; papaya leave; peel; environment; neutral
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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PRO WELL HERBS

Voon Seqing1, Chong Si Hui1, Choo Jia Inn1, Wai Jin Chao1, Lau Tze Xi1, Leong Cheng Liy1*

1SMJK Chan Wa Seremban,
219 - 220 Jalan Temiang,

70200 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The number of cases of diabetes was reported on the rise year by year. Pro Well Herbs is a
medicine that can help us to recover from blood pressure and diabetes. It also helps to
maintain our good health life without any side effects. Therefore, we created this Pro Well Herb
to help in reducing the rate of cases of diabetes and other health issues. The supplement
formulation contains turmeric, cinnamon, nutmeg， cardamom, black pepper, and
fenugreek. These ingredients are well known for their medicinal properties. The ingredients are
capsulated and tested with 10 people. The findings show that intake of these capsules has
helped to lower the sugar level and blood pressure of the patients. The Pro Well herbs are
made of natural ingredients, therefore it has no side effects and has the potential to cure the
diseases.

Keyword: natural herbs; diabetes; blood pressure
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

EDIBLE CRAYON

Woo Yu Ling1, Tisha Chew Xuan Yu1, Joanne Yong Jing1,
Moo Yu Cheng1, Vikneswaran M.Gunahlan1*

1SMJK Chan Wa Seremban,
219 - 220 Jalan Temiang,

70200 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Today, children are inevitably picky eaters. Some vegetables and fruits have low aesthetic
appearance or taste unpalatable. In France, these fruits and vegetables can account for 40%
of the total production. In addition to being made into animal feed, these fruits and
vegetables will eventually be directly discarded and so some fruits and vegetables will be
wasted. Hence, our team has created things named edible crayons. It made with fruits,
vegetables and rice brand oil so it is natural and no need to worry about children eating it by
mistake. This product is using all the natural ingredients such as purple sweet potato, green
tea, carrot and rice brand oil. Other than that, edible crayons are easy-to-make. The whole
process can be defined as drying, mixing and demoulding. The color rendering test and
hardness test. This edible crayon easy to prepare since we have used readily and easily
available materials. We found out that our crayons are color rendering as conventional
crayons. Besides, our crayon is safer for children to use. The brightness and tone of the edible

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crayons are similar to the conventional ones. Based on the testimonials that we gathered, the
stains of these edible crayon were easily removed by washing with water. Although, the edible
crayon costs slightly higher than conventional crayon but they are safer for children. As a
conclusion, edible crayons made by natural ingredients are non-toxic, contains no petroleum
and paraffin. It is absolutely safe and there is no need to worry about children eating it by
mistake.
Keywords: edible crayons; rendering test; hardness; safety; non-toxic
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

TITHONIA SPRAY

Woo Yu Ling1*, Koh Wern Li1, Kew Jing Hang1, Chan Jun Wei1, Gan Yit May1

1SMJK Chan Wa Seremban,
219 - 220 Jalan Temiang,

70200 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Muscle soreness is common nowadays, typically occurring if you do a new exercise to which
you are not accustomed or if you do a familiar exercise too hard. This soreness begins within a
few hours but peaks one to two days after exercise. This soreness is called delayed onset
muscle soreness and may represent actual muscle damage. However, it has become a
concern as products for treating limb pain or muscle soreness such as counter pain cream will
produce a burning sensation in our skin which might be hard to accept. Moreover, many states
that the use of wound spray and insecticide spray has brought side effects to them like skin
irritation, nose irritation, and rashes. This is because some of the chemicals in the product are
high in pH value. Also, the cost of these products is also quite high nowadays. Thus, we thought
of an idea by turning Mexican Sunflowers Leaves which can be easily found into a spray for
treating muscle soreness. We found out that the Mexican Sunflower leaves contain methanol
which is anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal. The leaves also contain a bitter
essential oil that has insecticide properties that can help in treating muscle pain, wound, and
skin diseases (dermatomycosis) and acts as a mosquito repellent. Therefore, we are hoping to
use the leaves for making a herbal spray that has a 4-in-1 function. To make our Tithonia Spray,
we carried out Soxhlet extraction to extract the essence from the leaves then load the product
inside the spray tube. During the Soxhlet extraction, we first load the leaves into the thimble.
Then, we place the thimble into the main chamber of the Soxhlet extractor. We added ethanol
and water to a round bottom flask and placed onto a heating mantle and attached an
extractor above the round bottom flask. Finally, we heat the solvent to reflux and leave it to
extract for the required amount of time, the product is then collected. In short, our Tithonia
Spray is a herbal spray with 4 in 1 function that helps minimize the pain of muscle stiffness,
inflammatory conditions, and repelling mosquitoes. It is not only environmentally friendly but
also gentler to our skin as we had tested the safeness of the spray compared to normal ones.
It is also cheaper to make and cheaper compared to the manufacture of normal mosquito
repellent.

Keywords: muscle; wound spray; environment; safe
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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International Future Scientists Conference 2022

BANANA PEELS PESTICIDE AND FERTILIZER

Lee Guan Yu1, Yek Zeh Yen1, Jolyn Siew Qian Hui1, Lum Jing
Han, Ean Yong Moon1*

1SMJK Chan Wa Seremban,
219 - 220 Jalan Temiang,

70200 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In the entire world, there is a huge demand for pesticides and fertilizers for farming purposes.
However, the production of pesticides and fertilizer contains a lot of chemicals. This has
eventually led to some negative impacts on the environment such as soil pollution, water
pollution and etc. Hence, we have studied the potential of banana peel to overcome this
issue. The banana peel pesticide and fertilizers is eco-friendly, convenient, time-saving, and
cost-effective. In order to study the effectiveness of the peel as pesticides and fertilizers, we
have distributed questionnaires and conducted interviews with the consumers. The feedback
gathered indicated that the banana peel helps the plants to grow well. Besides, our natural
pesticide is cheaper than conventional ones.

Keywords: banana peel; pesticides:fertilisers
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

OIL PAINT

Lim Shan Yin1, Lim Zi Wei1, Derrick Chan De Zheng1, Chong Jun Wei1,
Low Zi Xuan1, Cairulaili Norasyikin Mohd Pakir1*

1SMJK Chan Wa Seremban,
219 - 220 Jalan Temiang,

70200 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Tropical oil paint is made of natural materials, they do not have chemical components like oil
paints available on the market. We have incorporated palm oil as the binder in oil paint as it
has more optimum fatty acid composition than linseed oil which is commonly used.
Furthermore, our project successfully proved that by using palm oil as binder, some of the
effects in oil painting can be improved, such as yellow staining over time problem has been
overcome, the vibrancy of the color can be maintained and the glossiness of painting has
been improved. Moreover, by replacing linseed oil with palm oil in oil paint, the painting tools
can be easily washed with water instead of turpentine. Turpentine is a critical factor causing a
variety of respiratory and skin diseases. In another hand, all of the material used in our product
is non-hazardous and natural. We use pigments from non-hazardous minerals and floras such
as charcoal, butterfly pea flower, etc. Therefore, the safety of our Tropical Oil Paint is
guaranteed. So, children and teenagers arerecommended to start their journey in oil painting

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by using our oil paint. In addition, tropical oil paint is not harmful to children's skin because it is
natural and ingestion by children will not cause accidents. Besides, our product is low costs since
all of the materialwe used is domestically obtained. We hope to use our Tropical Oil Paint in the
educational field which helps to promote the art subject in Malaysia while promoting the
STEAM education.

Keywords: Tropical; palm oil; paint; art
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

TRIDAXORAMA PESTICIDES

Chan Jian Shen1, Eric Lam Kah Fai1, Ong Wen Tao1, Sim Yi Hong1, Vikneswaran M.Gunahlan1*

1SMJK Chan Wa Seremban,
219 - 220 Jalan Temiang,

70200 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The Pyrethrum Pesticides is an organic pesticide that can be used in agricultural activities in
places such as home garden, farm estate, community and school. Our project is to evaluate
the efficiency of biopesticides, pyrethrum spray and pyrethrum powder which are made from
tridax procumbens (tridax daisy). Besides, our product also acquires 2-in-1 functions, which are
fertilizer and pesticides. The materials used to make this product are pyrethrum daisy, cooking
oil, soap, neem leaf, egg shells, banana peels and distilled water. Pyrethrum is highly toxic to
insects which means that it’s effective against the pests. Pyrethrin are biodegradable and
breaks down quickly in sunlight within a few days. Other than that, pyrethrin does not persist in
the soil or on veggies, which is considered relatively safe to use around food crops. Banana
peels and egg shells are rich in macronutrients that are needed by plants in large quantities.
Neem leaves are used to increase soil fertility. After using our pyrethrum spray for four weeks,
no more pests exist on the chili plant. This means that the efficiency of our product is high. Why
choose our product: Kills Pests Efficiently, Best for Spot Spraying, Eco-Friendly, Low Cost and 2-
in-1 Pesticide and Fertilizer. For a long-term goal, we’ll try out other formulas that enhance the
Pyrethrum Pesticide to be more efficient and powerful until it is able to eliminate other pests
on different kinds of plants besides vegetables and fruit plants.

Keywords: pyrethrum pesticides; issue of pest and disease in plants; organic pesticide and
fertilizer; tridax procumbens; agricultural activity
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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International Future Scientists Conference 2022

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

COMPARISON OF FOOD WASTE COMPOSTING: BETWEEN BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE AND
BOKASHI METHOD

Nimexsionre Sulani1, Ariz Shamil bin Azman1, Khairizdihar Lesan bin Mohd Khir Nasirruddin1,
Mohammad Afiq Amali bin Halimin1, Nur Aqilah binti Mohamed Fauzi1*, Mohd Razif Mamat2

1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

2Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia,
Ministry Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Food waste has been an issue in the world. There are about 1.3 billion tons of edible food
wasted every year. In order to manage the billion tons of food waste, the food waste can be
decomposed into fertilizer. One way to decompose food waste is by using Black Soldier Fly
(Hermetia illucens) larvae. Another way to decompose food waste is by using Bokashi powder.
The objectives of this study are i) to evaluate the efficiency for decomposition in both methods
separately and ii) to compare the effectiveness between the two methods. The factors that
will be evaluated and compared between the two methods: are i) the time length to record
food waste to compost, ii) the smell that is produced by both methods, and iii) additional
materials to add for composting. The experimental method used to conduct this research is
suitable for home composting. Composting kits that are used can be made at home, consisting
of a water container with a lid and a tap for the Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) method. The
Bokashi method also uses a similar design, but with a colander inside the container to filter out
the Bokashi juices. Our findings find that the BSFL method composts food waste much faster,
only taking 4 days to completely decompose the lettuce, compared to the Bokashi Method,
taking about 7 days to completely decompose the lettuce. However, the BSFL produces a
strong stench while Bokashi does not produce any noticeable smell, thus people are more likely
to be comfortable using the Bokashi method compared to the BSFL method. Lastly, we found
that the Bokashi method requires additional Effective Microorganism (EM) spray for it to stay
moist and continue decomposing, thus more likely to be more expensive to stock on EM. This
research provides more positive insights into the two useful methods of composting that have
effortless processes. These insights also help expand the knowledge of composting at home for
making nutrient-rich fertilizers.

Keywords: food waste, black soldier fly larvae, Bokashi method, home composting
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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BIODEGRADABLE FACE MASK TO OVERCOME ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF COVID-19: A REVIEW

Alzam Zareef bin Ja’afar1, Nurin Ainul Hayat binti Ruhi Hayat1, Nurin Alysya binti Nazrul
Hizam1, Siti Aishah binti Hassan1*, Siew Ee Ling 2

1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
2 Program ASASIpintar,

Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

As the Covid-19 epidemic continues to spread, the manufacture and use of face masks have
increased significantly. However, the disposal of these non-biodegradable face masks derived
from petrochemicals, adds to the environmental waste burden, generating serious ecological
concerns for the biota. Using data from previous studies, we have evaluated the effectiveness
of biodegradable face masks compared to normal ones. Also, the materials used and their
environmental impact were analyzed and discussed. Additionally, this paper explores other
alternatives for face masks in order to attain the most sustainable path forward. Based on our
findings, it is totally possible to produce eco-friendly face masks made from natural fibres. These
degradable face masks are proven and lab-tested to have a 94-99% level of filtration— a
performance that is on par with that of N95 and KN95 masks. As a result, this article emphasizes
the eco-friendly approach to mask manufacture by including the use of natural plant fibre
(and other substitutes) in woven face mask technology to reduce plastic waste caused by
masks whilst improving the product’s carbon footprint.

Keywords: face mask, biodegradable face mask, COVID-19, eco-friendly, natural fibre
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

WERIN – PORTABLE WEATHER RISK PREDICTOR

Karthika Mahaganapathy1*

1MRSM Sultan Azlan Shah, Kuala Kangsar, 33020, Perak
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

To sustain humanity and the ecosystem, the weather is considered one of the vital aspects. It
is evident that numerous activities carried out by humans are driven based on weather
conditions. Farmers will not be able to pest their farms if it rains, and outdoor sports activities will
become merely impossible if there are thunder and lightning. Flash floods can cause
unforeseen damage to properties and can even cause loss of life. People need to
comprehend the velocity and type of weather before deciding on the risk and contingency
action. Therefore, we aim to study the change in the environment using a sensing instrument,
Werin. This instrument is a portable weather risk predictor that uses three main primary
parameters such as air temperature, air humidity, and air pressure to predict the risk related to
changes inweather. Werin runs an algorithm that is able to use these three weather parameters

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to do the prediction. The basic fundamental idea behind this innovation is the classic
barometer. Werin uses this data to run an algorithm to predict the weather risk. This invention
has the potential to be used for weather forecasting, hence helps in taking contingency action
for natural disasters.

Keywords: weather; predictor; contingency
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

BIOPLASTIC FROM UTILIZED JACKFRUIT SEED BY PLASTICIZER ETHYLENE GLYCOL AND CHITOSAN
FILLER

Mohamad Zafir Khan bin Zareen Khan1*, Harith Asyraf bin Ahmad Hanir1,
Muhammad Danish bin Mohd Anuar1, Syazwan Hariz bin Hazwan1

1Sekolah Menengah Sains Alam Shah,
Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras

56000 W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The production of plastic is in its mainstream phase over the past two decades. Its lightness
and strong characteristic make people tend to use plastics for their daily activities. However,
it raises a new problem for the environment, mainly because plastic is difficult to be degraded.
This makes us solve the problem which is making bioplastics from Jackfruit seeds which are
plastics that decompose naturally with the help of microorganisms. In Malaysia, there are
varieties of starch crops and one of them is jackfruit. Studies have shown that starch has great
potential to be used for the manufacturing of plastics. This study aimed to determine the effect
of chitosan and ethylene glycol on the physicochemical properties of bioplastic produced
from jackfruit seeds. To make jackfruit bioplastic we started by extracting the starch and
filtering it with add some water. Hence, we mixed it with chitosan with the volume that have
been calculated. The solution was poured into Flexi glass and then dry it for 24 hours in a 60°C
oven. All of this process will make Jackfruit bioplastic and ready to be analyzed with Pasting
behaviour and gelatinization temperature, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Tensile strength,
and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This can be concluded, that starch reached the
gelatinization temperature of 88.82 °C with a viscosity peak of 3276.5 cP. Characterization of
FT-IR spectra of the bioplastics with chitosan and ethylene glycol indicated the O-H and N-H
groups.
Keywords: jackfruit seeds; bioplastics; chitosan; gelatinization; ethylene glycol
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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IMPROVING POROSITY OF PELLETIZED NATURAL ZEOLITE USED IN METHYLENE BLUE ADSORPTION
FOR WATER RECOVERY

Muhammad Anas bin Jasni1, Nur Alyna Natasha binti Mohd Fauzi1, Muhammad Akid Rusyaidi
bin Rohaizad1, Muhammad Azim Hamizi bin Yusnizam1, Muhammad Azan Bin Tamar Jaya1*
1KOLEJ GENIUS INSAN,
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia,
Bandar Baru Nilai,
71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT

Methylene blue is one of the common dye that is being used in the clothing industries.
However, It also can also pose a negative effect to the environment if discharged irresponsibly
into the aquatic body. Adsorption is a broadly used process for removal of pollutants and the
world trend is directed to the application of new technology. Natural zeolites are abundantly
available hydrated aluminosilicate materials with excellent adsorption properties. Therefore,
we are applying natural zeolite as a medium to adsorb the methylene blue from aqueous
system. Unfortunately, the conventional granular and powdered form of natural zeolite has
disadvantages. Granular has lower surface area but easily separated post treatment while the
powdered form has superior surface area but hardly separated post treatment. Surface area
is directly proportional to adsorption capacity to remove the methylene blue from aqueous
system. In this study, we produce pelletized natural zeolite with improved porosity using pore
former and high temperature treatment. We expected that the surface area is higher than
granular but easily separated post treatment, thus improving the adsorption or removal
efficiency of methylene blue. In conclusion, this project is important because the material is
made safer and can be used in the water recovery system. This study has a great impact on
the well-being of the environment.
Keywords: adsorption; pelletized; natural zeolites; methylene blue
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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International Future Scientists Conference 2022

CONSERVATION AND PRESERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT BY PRODUCING ECO BRICK

Yasmeen Sofea Binti Rosleezam1, Liang Wen Yi1, Chong Kai Hao1, Chong Xiaomay1
Vikneswaran M. Gunahlan1*

1SMJK Chan Wa Seremban,
219 - 220 Jalan Temiang,

70200 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

There is a huge demand for bricks for construction purposes. However, the production of bricks
actually requires a lot of soil. This has eventually led to some negative impacts on the
environment such as the depletion of jungles, landslides, floods and etc. Herein we have
developed eco brick made up of waste and recycle materials such as sludge, raisin sludge,
coconut husk, fly ash and wood dust. Other than that, eco brick is easy-to-make. The brick is
produced by mixing and heating processes. The compressive strength of the bricks was
analyzed using a compressive strength machine. The studies show that, eco brick has a
compressive strength of 9.21mPa, which is similar to clay brick which has a compressive strength
of 9.27mPa. Besides that, eco brick also excels in the fire-proof sector based on the fire-proof
experiment that was conducted. At the end ofthe experiment, there is no obvious change in
the physical appearance of the brick, showing that eco brick can withstand a high
temperature for more than an hour. Thus, this shows that the eco brick won’t break easily
during a fire. Moreover, due to the absence of cement in eco brick, eco brick could save the
environmentas it does not pollute the environment. Furthermore, the eco brick will not absorb
heat is free from cement, and makes our house cooler. Besides, eco brick is cheaper than the
others. For clay brick, the cost of a brick is about 50-70 cents, and 40 cents for grey brick which
is not safe for construction while our brick is just 20 cents. Apart from that, our eco brick has a
higher sound-proof level compared to conventional bricks. Based on the experiment we have
conducted by using the sound level meter, our brick will receive the lowest sound level when
compared to the normal bricks. Last but not least, our brick is lighter than conventional bricks.
A normal brick is weighed about 2.8 kg while our eco brick is just 1.0 kg. In conclusion, eco brick
is a brand-new invention that could bring along massive impacts to the construction field. If
the eco brick is used widely one day in the future, it is sure that the environmental issues can
be reduced and everyone can gain benefit from the great advantages it brings along.

Keywords: eco brick, strength, cheap
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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International Future Scientists Conference 2022
PLANTABLE COCONUT HUSK FIBER PAPER BAG
Muhamad Adib Naufal bin Saiful Rizal1, Muhammad Fayyadh Amsyar bin Muhammad
Fizmie1, Nik Arief Aidil bin Nik Lukman1, Faiz bin Nurhanif1, Rohaya binti Bakar1*

1Sekolah Menengah Sains Alam Shah,
Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras

56000 W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The plastic bag is made from coil and petrol, which are non-biodegradable while the paper
bag is made of wood, sourced from trees which is Earth’s main oxygen supplier. In one year,
the average production of plastic bag is approximately 1 trillion pieces a year while paper
bag reaches 100 tons requiring the logging of trees at a tremendous rate. The production of
plastic bags and paper bags contributes to land and sea pollution but the most dangerous
effect is global warming. The average global temperature has increased by 1°C, nudging the
Earth ever closer to a climate emergency. Recognizing this urgency, we have made
‘Plantable’ coconut husk fiber paper bags which will minimize pollution and mitigate the
effects of global warming. This is because it is made from natural waste which is coconut husk,
tapioca flour, and seed. When the bag is no longer used or is broken, people can plant the
bag and it will grow into a tree. This can make the plantable coconut husk fiber paper bag
more environmentally friendly.
Keywords: plastic bag; plantable coconut; coconut husk fiber
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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International Future Scientists Conference 2022

FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE

A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN HYBRID RICE AND INBRED RICE IN MALAYSIA

Adra Atifah, Khairil Rashid Alhafiz1, Nurul Amalia, Umie Khaireen Najihah1, Che Suriani1* Kiflee
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar,

Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This article reviews on performance of hybrid rice compared to conventional (inbred) rice in
Malaysia. Hybrid rice is a type of rice that has been crossbred from two different parent
varieties. The hybrid rice variety named Kadaria 1 is discussed in terms of nutrients contained
in the product, growth duration and start-up costs. Kadaria 1 is the first successful hybrid rice in
Malaysia produced by Malaysian Agriculture Research & Development Institute (MARDI) back
in 2019. The Kadaria 1 is reported can yield more than 30% production of conventional rice
compared to MR269. It also has better nutrients contained with faster growth duration and
reasonable start-up costs.

Keywords: comparative study, hybrid rice, inbred rice
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

RULES OF MOBIUS STRIPS

Abe Kosei1, Suzuki Masahito1, Yamazaki Yujiro1*

1Niigata Prefectural Shibata High School
3-7-6 Yutaka-cho, Shibata-shi,
Niigata, 957-8555, Japan.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Mobius strip, a mysterious circle without adverse or reverse side, is our research theme. When
you cut it, the paper-made rings change into something more mysterious: a larger circle, two
rings, a square shape, and so on. We got interested in finding any rules of Mobius strip, and
subsequently, utilizing those rules for daily lives. We did the research in two stages. In the first
stage, paper-made Mobius strips, which were twisted 180 degrees n times, were cut in half. As
a result, it was found that when the value of n is even and cut, we obtain as many rings as n.
It was also found that when the value of n is odd, we obtain 4n times as many rings. In the
second stage, the two rings gained in the first stage were attached to each other at two points
vertically like chains and cut again. As a result of the second stage, 4n times as many rings
were obtained when the value of n was even, and 2n-2 times or 2n+2 times as many rings were
obtained. However, these are not yet satisfying. From now on, we would like to create various
shapes and do the research by using 3-D printers.

Keywords: Mobius strip; twist; rule
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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International Future Scientists Conference 2022

A STUDY ON HOW TO USE PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENTS AS SENSORS
Amaki Minagi1*, Ichinose Yuito1, Kato Kaito1, Shibuya Karin1
1Niigata Prefectural Shibata High School
3-7-6 Yutaka-cho, Shibata-shi, Niigata, 957-8555, Japan
*Corresponding Author：[email protected]
ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to find practical applications for Piezoelectric elements.
Piezoelectric elements generate electricity when they are pressed. They are often
used in speakers, lighters, and so on. In this study, we focused on how to use
piezoelectric elements as sensors. Most conventional touch panels utilize a capacitive
method, and the electric current flows to identify the coordinates touched. By
replacing this with a PZT sensor, is it possible to reduce the amount of electricity used?
In Experiment 1, we experimented with changing the distance between the leftmost
piezoelectric element and the point where a rubber ball drops each time. In Experiment
1, in order to investigate the coordinate identification system, we examined how long
the time difference occurs between the two PZT sensors. We examined whether the
difference in time to start vibration between two piezoelectric elements is proportional
to that distance. As a result, the drop heights of each graph were populated time
with distance. This suggests that it is possible to identify the point at which the
piezoelectric element was pressed in one dimension. So, we are trying to apply this in
2 or 3 dimensions by using three piezoelectric elements.
Keywords: piezoelectric element, sensor
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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International Future Scientists Conference 2022

EVALUATION OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND ABSORPTION CAPACITY OF GAMMA
IRRADIATED MICRO-AND MESOPLASTICS

Fiya Umairah binti Mohd Shahreen Zainooreen1, Nurul Jannah binti Azman1, Nur Danisya
Kautsar binti Azlin1, Nur Adriana Athirah binti Mohd Adam1, Kamarul Zaman Hamzah1*, Assoc.

Prof. Dr. Irman Abdul Rahman2*

1 Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

2 Jabatan Fizik Gunaan,
Fakulti Sains & Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Plastics and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are contaminants of emerging concern in terms of
human health and the ecotoxicological field. With a focus on micro- and mesoplastics, this
study aims to analyse and review the relationship between the morphological degradation of
plastics and its absorption of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to aid in further understanding the
harmful effects of plastics towards the human body. Gamma irradiation was carried out in a
Cobalt-60 source chamber to simulate enhanced environmental degradation of polystyrene
(PS), low density polyethylene (LDPE), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) at varying
doses from 10-30 kGy. Morphological characterisation was carried out using a light optical
microscope and no significant alterations were found. HPMC absorption of AgNPs in water
samples was further analysed and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy data showed
changes in chemical composition, structure, and surface properties. A higher irradiation dose
(>50kGy) and more advanced instruments for optical imaging are recommended for further
investigation of morphological alterations due to degradation.

Keywords: microplastics; morphology; gamma irradiation; absorption; AgNPs; UV-vis
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

MANAGING THE HAZARDOUS WASTE COOKING OIL BY CONVERSION INTO BIOENERGY
THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF BANANA PEEL WASTE-DERIVED CATALYSTS: A REVIEW

Nur Athifa Zuheyra binti Mohd Rodzi1, Nur Sarah Nabihah binti Rosman1, Sharifah Sharizat binti
Syed Muhammad1, Mohd Nor bin Latif1*

1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Waste cooking oil (WCO) is a hazardous waste generated at staggering values globally. WCO
disposal in various ecosystems, including soil and water, could result in severe environmental
consequences. On the other hand, mismanagement of this hazardous waste could also be
translated into the loss of resources given its energy content. Hence, finding cost-effective and
eco-friendly alternative pathways for simultaneous management and valorization of WCO,

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such as conversion into biodiesel, has been widely sought. Due to its low toxicity, high
biodegradability, renewability, and the possibility of direct use in diesel engines, biodiesel is a
promising alternative to mineral diesel. However, the conventional homogeneous or
heterogeneous catalysts used in the biodiesel production process, i.e., transesterification, are
generally toxic and derived from non-renewable resources. In recent years, scientists’ interest
in agricultural waste has increased, and the waste has become attractive to explore and
benefit from, rather than being a neglected waste. Banana peels have attracted the attention
of researchers due to their bioactive chemical components, so we focused on this review
article on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of banana peels that can be used as
good sources of natural antioxidants and for pharmaceutical purposes in treating various
diseases. Banana is an edible fruit belonging to the genus Musa (Musaceae), cultivated in
tropical and subtropical regions. Banana peels are used as supplementary feed for livestock
in their cultivation areas. Its massive by-products are an excellent source of high-value raw
materials for other industries by recycling agricultural waste. Hence, the goal is to use banana
by-products in various food and non-food applications and sources of natural bioactive
compounds. It can be concluded that banana peel can be successfully used in food,
pharmaceutical, and other industries. Therefore, banana residues may provide new avenues
and research areas for the future.

Keywords: waste cooking oil; banana peel; catalyst; adsorbent
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

EFFECTIVENESS OF NATURAL INGREDIENTS AS ANT REPELLENT

Nur Amira Qistina Mohd Azlin1, Nurdiana Balqis Hasbullah1, Sharifah Fadhlin Adila Syed Mohd
Faizal1, Zarith Sofia Noor Azam1, Mohammad Afiq Dzuan Mohd Azhar1*

Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Ants are abundant in every Malaysian household and can annoy when they appear in a
colony. Despite not being directly harmful to humans, ants can sometimes cause damage to
house structures and transmit diseases. There are many off-the-shelf ant repellents sold at
supermarkets, but chemical ant repellents may contain acute toxicity, and long-term exposure
can cause adverse health effects. This study aims to find the best alternative to chemical ant
repellents that is safe for the environment and all organisms, including ants. Several studies on
four natural ingredients (black pepper, cinnamon, clove, and mentha) were studied to
understand further each ingredient's effectiveness in repelling ants. The results showed that
some natural ingredients are effective as an ant repellent while still being safe for us and our
surroundings.

Keywords: ants; ingredients; effectiveness; repellents
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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International Future Scientists Conference 2022

REDUCING SMALL & MEDIUM ENTERPRISE FARMERS’ INTERVENTION AND INCREASING THE YIELD
OF OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION USING INTERNET OF THING (IoT)

Komathy Veerasinghan1*, Chow Yu1, Ellena Teh Xin Huey1, Jacklyn Siew Fong Lim1,
Lam Shiao Rue1

1SMK Ave Maria Convent Ipoh
Jalan Chung Thye Phin,

30250 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In Malaysia, most of the Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) farmers depend upon traditional
agricultural practices. Adapting modern agricultural technology plays an important role in
improving overall efficiency as well as the productivity of their yields. In modern agriculture,
the Internet of Things (IoT) connects farmers to their farms via sensors so that they can easily
monitor the real-time conditions of their farms from anywhere. The Oyster Mushroom is a widely
cultivated crop among Malaysian SME farmers. Although being the most consumed and
cultivated crop, it is still overshadowed by the traditional cultivation approach, which is
resulting in low productivity, high manpower efficiency, and more effort and cost. This work
aims to develop a smart mushroom growing kit to overcome the issues related to irrigation,
environmental parameter monitoring, increasing productivity, and reducing human
intervention. It enables a user to monitor crucial factors such as temperature, humidity,
moisture, and pH on the mushroom farm through the end devices. Oyster Mushroom requires
an optimum temperature ranging from 26 to 29 °C, a pH range of 6-8, and humidity from 85%
to 90%. The result shows successful monitoring of environmental conditions through internet
access from anywhere. It minimizes human efforts and automates production, which could be
beneficial to Malaysian farmers.
Keywords: SME farmers; IoT; oyster mushroom
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

A REVIEW ON SPECIFIC PHOBIAS AND FEARS TREATMENT

Syed Ahmad Safwan Syed Abu Bakar1*, Iman Naufal Nor Azmi1, Azalea Erdina Ahmad
Ridzuan1, Raja Syahindah Faqihah Raja Abdul Sahrizan1, Hawa Aqilah Hamuzan1

1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

A phobia is an irrational fear of something that’s unlikely to cause harm. The word itself comes
from the Greek word “phobos,” which means “fear” or “horror”. Specific phobias are an
overwhelming and unreasonable fear of objects or situations that pose little real danger but
provoke anxiety and mental health. Phobias can affect the ability to function normally at work,
at school, or in social settings. They can also induce severe physical and psychological
symptoms that might linger for a long time. Phobias can affect anyone, regardless of age,

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gender, or social status. According to the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th
Edition), there are 5 types of specific phobias, that is, natural/environment, injury, animal,
situational and other. According to research, phobias can arise as a result of genetics,
traumatic experiences, and changes in brain functioning. However, there are particular
methods for treating these phobias and fears. Treatment options for phobias include therapy,
medication, and a newly developed method called virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET).
Phobias can also be healed by changing one’s lifestyle or practicing home remedies.
Professional treatment can assist someone in overcoming their specific phobia or managing it
effectively so they do not end up becoming a prisoner to their fears.

Keywords: Phobia; fear; psychological; mental health; treatment; therapy
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

IMPLEMENTING THE USE OF COLEUS LEAVES AND CLOVES INTO AN INHALER SYSTEM

Vibusha Santos,Wong Yi Lin1, Chen Kai Jie1, Chloe Tan Kai Yu1
Arifah binti Abdullah1*

1SMJK Chan Wa Seremban,
219 - 220 Jalan Temiang,

70200 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Inflammation of the tissue lining can cause sinus. The estimated prevalence of sinusitis in
Malaysia is 12.8%. This means that around three million Malaysians are suffering at any one
time. These sinuses produce thin mucus that drains out from the channels of the nose. A sinus
infection can happen to anyone. For young children, using pacifiers or drinking bottles while
lying down could increase the chances of getting sinusitis. For adults, smoking will increase the
risk. However, people with nasal allergies, nasal polyps, and asthma are all more likely to get
sinusitis. Sinusitis can be caused by a virus, bacteria, or fungus that swells and blocks the sinuses.
A few sinusitis specifics are caused by Polyps (growths), a weak immune system or a deviated
septum. Common signs of symptoms of sinusitis include post-nasal drip (mucus drips down the
throat), nasal discharge, facial pressure, headache, cough, tiredness, and fever. Therefore, in
this study, we aim to investigate the use of coleus leaves and clover for the treatment of
sinusitis. The feedback of the users was obtained by means of questionnaires. The feedback
gathered shows that the majority of the users agree that the combination of these materials
was extremely helpful to relieve sinusitis. Also, the positive reviews show that this remedy has
the potential to be developed into an inhaler/nasal spray.

Keywords: sinusitis; coleus leaf; cloves; relieve; inhaler
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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International Future Scientists Conference 2022

SOCIAL SCIENCE

EVALUATING SERVICE QUALITY TO IMPROVE MASS RAPID TRANSIT (MRT) TO BENEFIT SOCIETY IN
MALAYSIA

Muhammad Arief Irfan1*, Nor Najmi Ali1, Nur Insyirah1, Syifa Sharananda1, Azrina Md Azhari1

1 Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In Malaysian cities and towns, a variety of transportation options are available. The rail network,
particularly the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), is an efficient means of transport in urban areas. This
study aimed to investigate and find a way to improve public transportation, optimising it to
entice more Malaysians to use the MRT. Subsequently, reducing carbon emissions and traffic
congestion, particularly in urban areas. This is a qualitative analysis of transcripts from previous
studies. The data for this research is collected through thorough reading and reviewing existing
literature obtained from published and unpublished sources of data in the specific area of the
topic, including journals, newspapers, magazines, reports, and government publications.
Accommodating to our hypotheses, the findings indicated that these circumstances can be
ameliorated by improving accessibility and ticketing which are key factors that affect users’
choices to use or not use MRT.

Keywords: public transportation; qualitative analysis; reviewing
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

IMPACTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON FOOD SECURITY:
SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Afrina Zaini1, Sofea Shaifuddin1, Yasmin Mohamed1, Noorsyakina Simin1*

1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Currently, the two biggest issues are environmental degradation and food safety. In the
manufacturing of safe food, water plays a significant and vital function. This study
systematically reviewed the literature regarding impacts of water pollution on food security.
The review was guided by ROSES and the main databases used were Web of Science,
PubMed, Proquest while Google Scholar acted as supporting database. To find research
focusing on the connection between water pollution and food security, a computer-assisted
literature search of electronic databases was conducted. The following are part of the paper's
methodological framework: 1) An overview of the literature on how water pollution affects

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food security 2) Analysis of the effects of water pollution on food security based on statistical
data and previous research.

Keywords: food safety; ROSES; water pollution
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

THE EFFECTS OF MUSIC ON MEMORY

Sharemir Naque bin Mohd Nazar1*, Adam Harith bin Norazmi1, Mohd Aiman Hakim bin
Zulazlan1, Awangku Mohd Daniel bin Adullah1, Nurul Hafizah binti Maarof1

1 Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Music is very interesting because it could affect humans in many aspects such as emotion,
build task endurance, lighten your mood, reduce anxiety and depression, stave off fatigue,
improve your response to pain and help you work out more effectively. Music does have an
effect on memory, so we are going to test how different genres of music affect a human's
memorization ability. We conduct some tests to find if music can help memorize different tests
such as a visual memory test, memorizing pi numbers, and memorizing poems. We decided to
pick 30 students, aged 13-16 years from Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM to do the test in
order to find the best conditions to test their memorizing performance. We choose the music
to play based on different genres and music familiarity and the “catchiness” of the music. We
choose the popular music (pop) genre, rock genre, therapeutic noise (white noise), and
silence. All participants completed each of these tasks with all genres of music chosen. We are
going to find which are the best conditions to improve memorizing performance.

Keywords: music; memory; study; memorizing performance
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

THE INTEREST OF KOLEJ GENIUS@PINTAR STUDENTS TOWARD STEM

Muhd Khairul Anwar bin Mohd Sazli1*, Irfan Syaheed bin Isa1, Shamier Alfathullah bin Mohd
Isa1, Mior Muhammad Saiful Nizan bin Mohd Saali1

1 Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Kolej GENIUS@Pintar® Negara focuses on STEM subjects from form 1. Changing interest is normal
in adolescence. This study aims to examine the relationship between interest toward STEM and
Kolej GENIUS@Pintar® students. A questionnaire was conducted on 158 college students from
Foundation 3, Level 1 Level 2 aged 14 to 17 years old. It consists of an Interest Toward STEM
Survey that examines the interest level of students toward STEM. All of the data were statistically

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analyzed using Excel software between Interest Toward STEM and college students according
to batch and gender. The analysis found that Interest Toward STEM gives positive feedback
from Kolej GENIUS@Pintar® students. The response shows that over 70% of Kolej GENIUS@Pintar®
students have a high interest toward STEM. As a result of our research, we can prove that Kolej
GENIUS@Pintar® Negara succeeds in developing students that are interested and willing to
continue further study in STEM. The study summarises increasing interest toward a batch of
students. From the analysis, students are able to know how much of them really have an
interest in STEM.
Keywords: STEM, Kolej GENIUS@Pintar® student, interest
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

BIOGAS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY IN MALAYSIA - A REVIEW

Noor Arisha1, Nur Ilyana Syahida1, Fatin Farhana1, Alif Hilmi1, Muhammad Zaim Esrati1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,

Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti KebangsaanMalaysia,
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT

Malaysia’s energy sector relies heavily on traditional fossil fuels, mainly coal and natural gas,
which accounted for around 78% of Malaysia’s installed capacity at the end of 2018. It is
widely believed that higher oil prices will cause inflation and reduce economic growth. As for
inflation, oil prices directly affect the prices of commodities made from petroleum products.
Thus, oil prices indirectly affect costs such as transportation, manufacturing, and heating. This
study aims to determine how such an issue can better be solved by using an environmentally
friendly source production of biogas energy specifically in Malaysia. Biogas is a powerful
engine of economic growth, especially in rural areas that need economic opportunity. Biogas
also reduces greenhouse gas emissions, cleans air and water, and improves soil health. It turns
otherwise problematic waste into a valuable resource. Therefore, the scope of this research
highlights and discusses the advantages of biogas as a prime energy source and various
sources of production of biogas.
Keywords: valuable source, economic growth, powerful engine, environmentally friendly, cost
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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International Future Scientists Conference 2022

STUDENTS’ VIEWS ON THE USE OF PRO MAP IN HISTORY SUBJECT

Siti Nur Addawiyyah Balqis Muhammad Sabri1, Adam Hify Aris1, Nur Auni Qistina Mohamed
Jafri1, Muhammad Faris Nu’Uman Mohd Fahmi1, Nurul Farhah Hamidi1*

1 Maahad Tahfiz Negeri Pahang, Kampus Maahad Tahfiz Negeri Pahang,
Jalan Tanjung Lumpur, 26060 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Although Geography is not a compulsory subject for students, a small topic, such as the map
of Malaysia, must be learnt. Thus, neglecting Geography makes it difficult for History teachers
to use maps as a medium in the practice of Historical Thinking Skills. This study aims to identify
the students’ perceptions of using The Pro Map in teaching and facilitating History subject
among form 3 students. This research design is a quantitative study, a survey based on a
distributed questionnaire. Data were analyzed quantitatively and descriptively among 30
respondents from three schools through purposive sampling, which aims to answer the study's
objectives. This study is hoped to help teachers integrate Geography and History subjects
through The Pro Map.

Keywords: Geography, History, pro map, quantitative study
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

MADEL : OPENING THE EYES OF SOCIETY TO COMBAT CYBER CRIME

Noor Hafizah Nasir1*, Haifa Nayli Amani1, Nur Hamizah1, Irdina ‘Adani1, Nur Afrina Faqihah1

1Tunku Kurshiah College,
Bandar Enstek, 71760 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Humans are capable of anything with the touch of a finger, from the smallest chores to cutting-
edge operations. Without a doubt, technology is essential to making our daily lives
comfortable. But be careful—one wrong move could result in you becoming a victim of
cybercrime. A user can fully comprehend the definition of cyber security and learn how to
keep an eye on dubious websites by using the interactive website Madel. Additionally, it has
a link checker to protect users from visiting fake websites, especially when performing tasks like
online banking or disclosing personal information. Numerous individuals of all ages fall victim
to cybercriminals on a daily basis. Madel focuses on phishing, a form of social engineering in
which an attacker sends a phoney message in an effort to deceive a target into providing
sensitive information to the attacker or to infiltrate the victim's infrastructure with malicious
software, such as ransomware. Therefore, it is up to us, the younger generation, to fight
cybercrime and improve everyone's experience online.

Keywords: phishing URLs detection, cybersecurity, machine learning

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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International Future Scientists Conference 2022

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG
GIFTED STUDENTS

Muhammad Afham Mohamad Sharif1*, Nurul Diana Amira Mohd Jalil1, Khairul Haziqshafiq
Khairulnizam1, I’rine Qistina Ismail1, Tengku Elmi Azlina Tengku Muda2, Jamaliah Hamdan1

1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

2 Program ASASIpintar,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Multiple Intelligence (MI) is a type of intelligence that is believed to influence students’
academic achievement. The focus of this research was to identify the type of multiple
intelligence and its relationship with academic performance among gifted and talented
students. This study employed a quantitative analysis. A total of 186 students of GENIUS@Pintar
Negara Center, UKM (12 to 17 years old) participated in this survey. Data were collected
through the Multiple Intelligences Inventory (DFI) by Walter McKenzie (1999) to analyze the
type of multiple intelligences among the students. Meanwhile, to measure their academic
performance, the semester test results were examined. The findings show that students show
multiple intelligence in the domain of verbal language (77.5%), logical-mathematical (74.81%),
spatial (71.23%), musical (62.17%), naturalist (60%), intrapersonal (78.38%), interpersonal
(87.98%), body kinaesthetic (55.91%) dan existential (90.13%) respectively. Existential
intelligence is the highest domain of multiple intelligences among intelligent and gifted
students and the lowest domain of multiple intelligences among intelligent and gifted students
is body kinaesthetic. Correlation tests showed that verbal-linguistic, musical, intrapersonal, and
existential multiple intelligences correlate to academic achievement. The implication of the
results of this study is to help teachers plan appropriate learning strategies according to
students' inclinations.

Keywords: Multiple intelligences, academic performance, gifted and talented students
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

LISTENING TO SAD MUSIC IN ADVERSE SITUATIONS: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Naziha Humaira¹, Nur Maya Aleya¹, Miftahul Jannah¹*, ‘Ammar Hanif¹

¹Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Experiencing sorrow can indicate a negative emotion such as sadness, that occurs as a
reaction to stressful and unfortunate situations. It is human nature; the desire to survive painful
experiences and keep evolving, hence why do some individuals listen to sad music after
experiencing adverse situations if the study shows that sadness is a negative effect, which
practically is experiencing the negative situations again by choice when the melancholic
melody is sought? This article review reported a meta-analysis study on (1) why individuals listen

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International Future Scientists Conference 2022
to sad music, (2) prevalent reasoning on why listening to sad music, and (3) result analysis
based on the result of preliminary research papers to develop deeper and diverse
understanding on this particular topic. The discussion focused on the multiple reasonings that
were considered as hypotheses in past studies and what are the actual outcomes or findings
of the music-listening methodology research that was conducted. Some existing study
analyses revealed positively predictive the outcome that individuals would listen to sad music
just to experience sad emotions in response and to trigger nostalgia of past adverse situations.
Keywords: music listening, negative affect, sadness, sad music, review article, meta-analysis
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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