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Acknowledgements 157 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Annette Capel and Alyson Maskell for their support and guidance throughout the project. The authors and publishers are grateful to the following for reviewing the material during the writing process: Brazil: Catarina Kruppa; Spain: Louise Manicolo and Patricia Norris; Turkey: Çinla Sezgin. Development of this publication has made use of the Cambridge English Corpus, a multi-billion word collection of spoken and written English. It includes the Cambridge Learner Corpus, a unique collection of candidate exam answers. Cambridge University Press has built up the Cambridge English Corpus to provide evidence about language use that helps to produce better language teaching materials. This product is informed by English Profile, a Council of Europeendorsed research programme that is providing detailed information about the language that learners of English know and use at each level of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). For more information, please visit www. englishprofile.org The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting. National Geographic Society for the adapted text on p. 114 ‘Interview with J Michael Fay, Conservationist’ by Anne A McCormack, National Geographic Kids. Copyright © 1996-2013 National Geographic Society. All rights reserved. For the sound recordings on p. 99: Track 2.32: Beethoven - Sonata for Piano No 26 in E fi Maj Op 81a: Andante Espressivo, artist: Premiere Classics. Copyright © Pump Audio/Getty Images/ Music; Mendelssohn - A Midsummer Night’s Dream: Nocturne artist: Premiere Classics. Copyright © Pump Audio/Getty Images/ Music; Smetana - My Fatherland (Symphonic Poem), artist: Premiere Classics. Copyright © Pump Audio/Getty Images/ Music; Mozart - Eine Kleine Nachtmusic, movt. 1, artist: Charles Roland Berry. Copyright © Pump Audio/Getty Images/Music; When Percussion Attacks 4, artist: Silver Bullets Music Library TCB2402. Copyright © Silver Bullets/Getty Images/Music; Track 2.33: Children Of Hell, artist: Silver Bullets Music Library TCB2130. Copyright © Silver Bullets/Getty Images/Music. Photo acknowledgements p.12 (TL): Shutterstock/wizdata, (CR): Shutterstock /Tuler Olson, (b): Shutterstock/MO_SES Premium, (c): Shutterstock/ Picsfive, (d): Shutterstock/Maks Narodenko, (f): Shutterstock/ maga, (h): Shutterstock/SmileStudio, (i): Shutterstock/Sergey Ash, (j): Shutterstock/Layland Masuda, (k): Shutterstock/Africa Studio; p.16 (TL): istockphoto/Juanmonino, (TC): Alamy/Ted Foxx, (TR): Alamy/dbimages, (CL): Alamy/Mitch Diamond, p.16 (C): Alamy/Tetra Images, (CR): Alamy/YAY media; p.22 (TR) & (BR): Shutterstock/Steve Buckley, (York): Alamy/eye 35, (22 (CL): Shutterstock/Horia Bogdan, (C): Shutterstock/Oliver Hoffmann, (London): Shutterstock/Kamira; p.23 (BL): Alamy/David YoungWolff, (BC): Alamy/age/footstock, (BR): Shutterstock/Gurganus Images; p.26 (TL): Shutterstock /holbox, (CL): Shutterstock / ipage, (BL): Shutterstock /Goodluz; p.32 (TL): Alamy/Mart of Images, (TR): istockphoto/Aldo Murillo, (BL): Getty Images/ Fuse, (BR): Alamy/Juice images; p35 (TR): Shutterstock/Jarren Jai Wicklund; p.38: Behr & Abramson/Daniel Browning-Smith; p.44 (TR) & 45 (L): Alamy/MBI, (CR): Alamy/ Visions of America, LLC, (BR): Getty Images/Kali Nine LLC, (C): Shutterstock/ artcphotos; p.45 (CR): Getty Images/Hannele Lahti, (TR): Alamy/Peter Scholey; p.46 (TL):Alamy/David Bagnal, (BR): Alamy/PCN Photography; p.48 (BL): Fotolia.com/5AM Images; p.50 (e): Alamy/Juniors Bildarchiv GmbH; p.51 (BR): Thinkstock/ Creatas Images; p.54 (TL): Science Photo Library/Peter Menzel, (TR): Alamy/Roger Bamber, (C): Science Photo Library/Alexis Rosenfeld, (BL): Getty Images/Stocktrek Images, (BR) & p.55 (TR) & (C) & p.66 (TR): Getty Images/AFP; p.55 (TL): Press Association Images/Mark Lennihan, (BR) & p.71 (B): Getty Images; p.56 (TL): Alamy/Christopher Stewart, (TR): Alamy/ Valentyn Vollkov; p.57 (R): Alamy/Folio Images; p.60 (CL) & p.61 (L): Thinkstock/Leon Suharevsky, (BL): Thinkstock/Svitlana Prada, (CR): Photoshot/NHPA, (BR): Alamy/Dirk Ercken; p.61 (R): Alamy/Image Source; p.66 (B): Alamy/Bill Bachman; p.67 (BR): Alamy/AJS life; p. 70: Alamy/moodboard; p.71 (T): Getty Images/WireImage; p.76 (TR): Getty Images/Maria Toutoudak; p.79 (BL): Alamy/Mandy Godbehear; p. 80 (CR): Alamy/Garti Wyn Williams, (a): Alamy/godrick, (b): Alamy/Superstock, (c), (d) & (g) & p.120 (B): Jack Dodd, (e): Alamy/Jack Sullivan, (h): Alamy/Images of Birmingham Premium; p.82 (TL): Alamy/ Yadid Levy, (CL): Corbis/Hendrik Schmidt/dpa, (C): Alamy/ John Warburton-Lee Photography, (B): Thinkstock; p.86 (TR): Shutterstock/Ysbrand Cosijn; p.87 (BL): The Kobal Collection/ Walt Disney Pictures, (BR): Alamy/Caro; p.88 (TL): Shutterstock/ Waj, (TC): ShutterstockLuciano Mortula, (TR): Shutterstock/ Justin Black, (CR): Shutterstock/Pyty, (BR): Shutterstock/Liciano Mortula, (BC): Shutterstock/Yuri Yavnik, (BL): Shutterstock/ Pius Lee, (CL): Shutterstock/Art Konovalov; p.98 (B): Corbis/ Carlos Garcia Rawlins/Reuters; p.102 (BL): Corbis/Patrick Ward, (BR): Alamy/Janos Csernoch; p.104 (BL): Fotolia.com/Arnelle, (BR): Alamy/Sinibomb Images, (TL): Alamy/Adrian Sherratt, (TR): Alamy/Antony Nettle; p.106 (TR): Alamy/Ellen Isaacs; p.107: Shutterstock /Brian A Jackson; p.109 (CL): Alamy/Ian Dagnall, (CR): Alamy/Finnbarr Webster, (B): Alamy/OutdoorArchiv; p.110 (C): Alamy/Bon Appetit, (2): Alamy/Verge Images, (3): Shutterstock/Knyazevfoto.ry, (4): Shutterstock/Nordling, (5): Alamy/Vstock; p.111 (TR): Shutterstock/Flaraviere; p.112 (CL): Alamy/Photogenix; p.114 (BR): Corbis/George Steinmetz, (BL): Alamy/Marian Kaplan; p.120 (TL): The Harbour, (oil on panel), Wallis, Alfred (1855-1942) / Private Collection / Photo © Christie’s Images / The Bridgeman Art Library, (TR): Sketch for ‘Paris, a Rainy Day’, 1877 (oil on canvas), pre-restoration (see 181504), Caillebotte, Gustave (1848-94) / Musee Marmottan Monet, Paris, France / Giraudon / The Bridgeman Art Library; p.121 (TL): M.C. Escher’s “Relativity” copyright 2014 The M.C. Escher CompanyThe Netherlands. All rights reserved. www.mcescher.com, 121 (TR): The Bedroom, 1888 (oil on canvas), Gogh, Vincent van (1853-90) / Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands / The Bridgeman Art Library; p.123 (BL): Alamy/imagebroker. Commissioned photography by Neil Matthews: p.10; p.14; p.24; p.34 (BR); p.36 (T); p.46 (CL); p50 (a), (b), (c), (d); p.58 (T); p59; p.68; p.80 (TR), (C); p.90 (TL), (TR), (CR); p.102 (TL), (TR), (CR); p.103 (TL); p.112 (TL), (TR), (CR), (BL), (BR); Front cover photograph by MJTH/Shutterstock. Illustrations Adz (Sylvie Poggio Artists Agency) pp. 15 (Ex6, Ex8), 30, 31 (L), 39 (R), 51, 56, 62 (T), 72, 92, 95, 96, 100 (Ex2), 121 (B), 129, 144; Kathy Baxendale pp. 11 (Ex5), 12 (Ex3, Ex5), 16, 22, 23, 33 (Ex5), 35 (Ex5, Ex6 T), 43, 44, 49, 60, 76, 83 (L), 88, 106, 109 (R), 110; Francis Blake pp. 21, 100 (Ex3); Humberto Blanco (Sylvie Poggio Artists Agency) pp. 13 (Ex7), 15 (Ex9), 25, 29 (Ex4), 33 (Ex4), 34 (Ex3), 36 (BR), 39 (L), 41, 46 (B), 48, 53, 91, 103, 124, 126, 128, 139, 141 (B); Claire Bushe pp. 116-119, 123; Tom Croft pp. 46 (T), 77, 87, 99, 122; Russ Daff pp. 17, 19 (Ex5), 27, 78, 97 (L); Mark Duffin pp. 26, 34 (Ex 1), 40 (Ex1), 42, 64, 75, 83 (R), 90, 97 (TR), 98, 100 (Ex1), 111, 142; Javier Joaquin (The Organisation) pp. 10 (Ex3), 11 (Ex9), 12 (Ex2), 13 (Ex6, Ex10), 15 (Ex7), 19 (Ex8), 20, 29 (R), 31 (BR), 35 (Ex6 B), 36 (Ex1), 37, 50, 69, 79, 81, 86, 96 (Ex4), 141 (T); Garry Parsons pp. 10 (Ex2), 18, 19 (Ex7), 28, 29 (BL), 40 (B), 52, 62 (B), 74, 84, 94, 108, 109 (L), 124, 138, 154; Adam Quest pp. 58, 73. The publishers are grateful to the following contributors: text design and layouts: emc design Ltd; cover design: Andrew Ward; picture research: Ann Thomson; audio recordings: produced by IH Sound and recorded at DSound, London; Grammar reference section: Ellen Darling, Steve Marsland and Rebecca Raynes. www.frenglish.ru
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