Roitt's Essential Immunology

autoimmune type II hypersensitivity reactions

autoinflammatory diseases
autologous (term)
autonomic nervous system

thymus
autophagy

autoreactive T-cells
avidin

avidity
IgM

avidity model, T-cell selection
azathioprine
azurophil granules, primary

B-1 lymphocytes
autoimmune diseases and

B-2 lymphocytes
B7 proteins
antigen presentation and

CTLA-4 and
ligands, Tregs and

B53 class I antigen, malaria
B220 marker, B-lymphocytes

bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG)
antitumor vaccines with

as gene vector
Bacillus anthracis
bacteria

chronic granulomatous disease
commensal

defenses of
host counter-attack

septicemia
see also toxins

bacteriophages

libraries, epitope mapping
monoclonal antibody production
BAFF (B-cell-activating factor)

ballistics see biolistics
barriers

see also mucosa
BASH (B-cell linker)

basiliximab
basophils

FcεRI
BAT-3 (protein)
BCA (B-cell linker)

B-cell-activating factor (BAFF)
B-cell coreceptor complex

B-cell linker (BLNK)
B-cell lymphomas
Epstein–Barr virus, AIDS

B-cell receptor(s) (BCR)
activation

autoimmune diseases and
immunological synapses

microclusters
T-cell receptors vs

B-cell receptor complexes
BCG see bacille Calmette–Guérin
bcl-2 gene, B-cell memory function

Bcl-x protein
L
beads, surfaces for cell separation
belatacept

Bence Jones proteinuria
β-amyloid precursor protein

βc chain, hematopoietin receptors

β chains, T-cell receptors

β-defensins
β-sheet cytokines
β-sheets

immunoglobulins
MHC proteins

β -agonists, asthma
2
β -microglobulin
2
role in antigen presentation
Bid (protein)
binding constants, antigen-antibody binding

binding partners, antigens
biolistics

biologicals
autoimmune diseases

psoriasis
transplantation

see also specific drugs
biopsies, immune complex detection
bioterrorism, vaccines

biotin
immunoassay labeling

peptide–MHC tetramer formation
birth-and-death model, MHC evolution
bispecific antibodies

BLNK (B-cell linker)
B-lymphocytes

ablation
activation

by complement
membrane-localized antigens

by T-helper cells

thymus-independent antigens

aging on
antibody production
B220 marker

bone marrow, recirculation
class-switched, mutations

co-stimulation
deficiency, primary

down-regulation
epitopes

cross-reactivities
mapping
Epstein–Barr virus

immortalization
polyclonal activation

gene conversion
immortalization
immunoglobulin class switching

immunological synapses, adhesion molecules
lymph nodes

homing to
memory function

ontogeny
prion infections

quantitative estimation
receptors on surface see B-cell receptor(s)
spreading response

study methods
superantigens

T cells with
T-cells vs

tolerance induction
see also entries beginning B-cell. . .

B-lymphoproliferative disorders

body fluids
bone
grafting

resorption, rheumatoid arthritis
bone marrow

B-cell recirculation
chimeras

stem cells
differentiation in thymus

selection by antibodies
transplantation
bonus effect of multivalency

botulinum toxin, monoclonal antibodies vs
bovine conglutinin, immune complex detection

bovine spongiform encephalopathy
bradykinin
B-Raf, oncogenic mutations

brain dead donors
breastfeeding

food allergies
see also milk

brefeldin A
Brent, L., on privileged sites

broadly neutralizing antibodies, HIV vaccination
5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), cell separation
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk)

mutations
buoyant density, cell separation

Burkitt’s lymphoma, translocation
bursa of Fabricius, chicken

bystander tolerance, myelin epitopes
C1-inhibitors

deficiencies

C1q (complement component)
C3 (complement component)
ancestral homolog

deficiency
C3b (complement component), in opsonization of bacteria

C3 convertase
inactivation, trophoblast

stabilization
C3 nephritic factor

C4 (complement component)
C5 (complement component), deficient mice
C5a (complement component)

C5 convertases
C7 (complement component), deficiency

C9 (complement component), deficiency
calcineurin
calcineurin inhibitors, eczema

calcium, role in phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway
calcium-dependent lectins see C-type lectin receptors

calmodulin
calnexin

calreticulin
camels, antibodies

Campbell, P.
cancer
cell-intrinsic suppression

escape mechanisms
immunization against

Candida albicans
capillaries, inflammatory response

capping
capsids, viruses

capsules, bacteria

carbohydrates, tumors
carbohydrate vaccines
carcinogens

carcinomas
caries, dental

carrier (term)
cartilage

grafting
rheumatoid arthritis

caspase(s)
immunoblotting
measurement

caspase-8 inhibitor (FLIP)
catalytic antibodies

cathepsins
cationic protein
Cbl-b (protein)

c-Cbl family, protein ubiquitin ligases
CC chemokines

C chemokines
CCL5 (RANTES)

CCL11 (eotaxin)
CCL19

CCL21
CCR5 (chemokine receptor), HIV infection and
CCR7 (chemokine receptor)

memory T-cells
CD (antigens)

CD1
CD2

CD3
CD3 complex

mutations

T-cell receptors
T-cells
see also coreceptors

ζ chains
ubiquitination

CD4
monoclonal antibodies

T-cell coreceptors
+
+
+
CD4 CD25 Foxp3 Treg cells
autoimmune diseases
infectious anergy
T-cell suppression

CD4-positive T-lymphocytes
CD8-positive T-cells with, tumor immunotherapy
HIV infection , 384,

effect of antiretroviral therapy
ontogeny

regulatory
transplant rejection
ulcerative colitis

CD5
CD5-positive B-lymphocytes

CD8
as coreceptors

intraepithelial lymphocytes
T-cell coreceptors

CD8-positive T-lymphocytes
aging on
with CD4-positive T-cells, tumor immunotherapy

HIV infection
against Listeria monocytogenes

ontogeny

regulatory

transplant rejection
viral infections
see also cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

CD14
CD14 scavenger receptors

CD16 see FcγRIII
CD19

B-lymphocyte activation
CD20

CD21 see CR2
CD22, B-cell receptors and
CD23

see also FceRII
CD25

CD25-positive T-lymphocytes
+
+
+
see also CD4 CD25 Foxp3 Treg cells
CD28
in antigen presentation
co-stimulation of T-cells
CD32 see FcγRII

CD34
HEVs

CD34-enriched stem cells, for SCID
CD40

tumor vaccines and
CD40 ligand

T-cells
mutations
CD43, immunological synapses

CD44
memory T-cells

tumor malignancy

CD45R

memory T-cells
CD64 (Feγ RI)
CD79a

Ig-α, B-cell receptors
CD79b

Ig-β, B-cell receptors
CD80

CD86
CD94/NKG2 receptors, natural killer cells

CD95
CD95 receptors see Fas receptors
cDNA libraries, tumor antigen screening

CDRs see hypervariable regions
cecropins

celiac disease
cell division
assessment, lymphocytes

asymmetric
cell fate determinants

cell-mediated hypersensitivity
autoimmune diseases

cell-mediated immunity
HIV vaccination

to intracellular organisms
parasites
tumor therapy

viruses and
cell shutdown

cell stress
apoptosis

cell surface markers see CD (antigens)
cellular transformation, cancer

cell walls, bacteria

central memory
central memory cells, effector memory cells vs
central nervous system, SLE

central supramolecular activation complex (cSMAC)
central tolerance

centroblasts
centrocytes

cervical cancer, HPV vaccination
cetirizine

Chagas’ disease
chaperones
autophagy mediated by

invariant chain as
checkpoint kinases, natural killer cell activation

Chédiak–Higashi disease
chemiluminescence systems
chemoattractants, eosinophils

chemokine receptors
interdigitating dendritic cells

memory T-cells
chemokines

inflammatory response
lymphocyte arrest

skin
T-cell progenitor migration to thymus
see also specific chemokines

chemotactic factors
chemotaxis

chicken
bursa of Fabricius

Obese strain
study of lymphocytes

children

hypogammaglobulinemia
influenza vaccination
chimeras, bone marrow

chimeric constructs, monoclonal antibodies
chimeric mice

chimerism
tolerance induction by

ChIP assays (chromatin immunoprecipitation assays)
chips, DNA microarray assays

cholera
vaccine
chorionic gonadotropin, immunization against

choroid plexus, SLE
chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (ChIP assays)

chromium release assay, cytotoxic T-cells
chronic graft rejection
chronic granulomatous disease

chronic inflammation
circumsporozoite protein

Plasmodium falciparum , vaccine
citrullination

autoantigens
class I chain-related MHC molecules

class-II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP)
classical pathway, complement
class switching

class switch recombination (CSR)
CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide)

clonal anergy
B-lymphocytes

clonal deletion
clonal selection

B-lymphocytes

allelic exclusion
hybridoma technology
historical aspects

cloning, reproductive
clustering see microclusters

cluster of differentiation see CD (antigens)
c-myc

Burkitt’s lymphoma, translocation
cocaine

keyhole limpet hemocyanin, conjugates
vaccine against
codominance, H-2 genes

cold-adapted attenuated influenza vaccine
cold hemagglutinin disease

Coley’s toxin
colicins
collectins

colloidal gold, as immunolabel
colony-stimulating factors

tumor immunotherapy
combinatorial diversity

combinatorial libraries
combined immunodeficiency

see also severe combined immunodeficiency disorders
combined vaccines
commensal bacteria

common cold
common variable immunodeficiency

complement
alternative pathway

bacterial defenses against
bactericidal action

B-lymphocyte activation

classical pathway
deficiencies
SLE

evolution
IgM and

immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
on immunoglobulins

inhibition, fetal survival
in opsonization of bacteria

lectin pathway
regulatory proteins
see also specific components

complementarity
mutual, immunoglobulins, evolution

complementarity-determining regions
see hypervariable regions
complement control proteins

vaccinia virus
complement receptors

type see CR2
viruses

complexes
antigen–antibody

see also immune complexes
autoantigens, pathogenic effects
with enzymic activity

see also specific substances
complex-mediated hypersensitivity

ConA
concentration thresholds, immunological silence under

concomitant immunity
concordance rates, autoimmune diseases in twins

conditional knockout mice

conditioning, Pavlovian
confocal microscopy
conformational changes, antigen-antibody binding

congenic animals
congenital complete heart block

conglutinin
conjugates (term)

connective tissue mast cells
constant loci, immunoglobulin genes

contact dermatitis
continuous epitopes
contraceptives, vaccines as

convergent evolution
NK cell receptors

convertases
C3 see C3 convertase
C5

vaccinia virus on
Coombs’ test

cord blood, stem cells
coreceptors

B-lymphocytes
HIV infection

T-cells
see also CD3 complex
cornea, grafting

coronary bypass surgery
corticosteroids see glucocorticoids

co-stimulation
absence, tumors

B-cells
by dendritic cells

T-cells, CD28

T-helper cells
in tumor immunotherapy
co-stimulatory blockade, for transplantation

coulombic attraction
CpG islands

CpG ODN, as immunostimulant
CR1 gene

CR2 (CD21)
B-cell coreceptor complex

CR3 (complement receptor)
CR5 (complement receptor)
Cre (recombinase), for knockout mice

C-reactive protein (CRP)
see also limulin

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (variant)
Crohn’s disease
cromolyn sodium see sodium cromoglycate

cross-presentation, antigens
cross-reactivities

antibodies
autoimmune diseases

parasites
crypt epithelium, gastrointestinal tract

cryptic epitopes
Cryptococcus neoformans
cSMAC (central supramolecular activation complex)

C termini, immunoglobulins
CTLA-4 see cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4

CTLA-4–Ig fusion protein
C-type lectin receptors (CTLRs)

C-type lectins, HIV transmission
cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity

cutaneous leukocyte antigen (CLA)

C chemokines
CC chemokines
CX3C chemokines

CXC chemokines
CXCL7 (NAP-2)

CXCL12 (chemokine)
lymph nodes

cyclooxygenase pathway, mast cells
cyclophosphamide

cyclosporine
psoriasis
cystic fibrosis

cytidine deaminases
activation-induced (AID)

APOBEC3
cytochrome b 558

mutations

cytokines
adaptive immunity
aging on

autoimmune diseases and
bacterial defenses against

B-lymphocyte activation
from dendritic cells
effect on dendritic cells

glucocorticoid synthesis
hematopoiesis

immunosuppressive
measurement

memory T-cells
network interactions

pregnancy

T-cells

expression staining in subsets
from Tregs
from tumors

tumor therapy
antigen-independent

inhibition
viral infections

cytokine storms
cytomegalovirus

cytophilic (term)
cytoskeleton, B-cell receptor microclustering
cytosolic proteins, presentation as antigens

cytosolic viral nucleoprotein
cytotoxic (term)

cytotoxic drugs see antimitotic drugs
cytotoxic granules
cytotoxic hypersensitivity, antibody-dependent

cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)
blockade

Ig fusion protein
polymorphism, autoimmune diseases

T-cell suppression
Tregs and

cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
adoptive transfer
antigen recognition

functional assessment
precursors

frequency, limiting dilution analysis
Th cells with

tumor antigen screening
viral infections

cytotrophoblast, MHC proteins

daclizumab
danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)
cytokine response

effect on dendritic cells
D-antigens, rhesus incompatibility

DAP-12, natural killer cells
dark zones, lymph nodes

death-inducing signaling complex (DISC)
death receptors

decay accelerating factor (DAF), deficiency
decoy proteins
defensins

delayed-type hypersensitivity see cell-mediated hypersensitivity
delivery vehicles, antigens

δ genes, T-cell receptors
dendritic cells (DCs)
activation by adjuvants

antigen persistence
antigen presentation

cross-presentation of antigens
cyclosporine and

effector generation and
functional assessment

fungi
HIV transmission
immunostimulants

in vitro generation
against Listeria monocytogenes

from Peyer’s patches
precursors, tolerance induction

retinoic acid
T-cell activation

T-helper cells

“licensed” by
polarization
Tregs, killing by

tumor therapy
see also follicular dendritic cells; interdigitating dendritic cells

dengue virus, hemorrhagic shock syndrome
dental caries

deoxycytidine, deamination
deoxyribonucleotides, as immunostimulants

15-deoxyspergualin
depot effects, adjuvants
dermatitis

atopic
contact

dermis
Der p1 (allergen)
desensitization, atopic allergy

desmogleins, autoantibodies
desmosomes, thymus

deviation
complement

immune response, parasites
D-gene segments

diabetes mellitus
familial aggregation
model, interleukin-1 treatment

T-cells
transplantation for

diapedesis
in lymph nodes

Dick reaction
diet

autoimmune diseases

malnutrition
differential splicing
immunoglobulin transcripts

differentiation antigen (term)
DiGeorge syndrome

dimorphic fungi
diphtheria

combined vaccines
herd immunity

vaccination schedule
direct pathway, allo-MHC recognition
DISC (death-inducing signaling complex)

discoid lupus erythematosus
discontinuous epitopes

disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
disseminated intravascular coagulation
dissociation constant (K ), antigen–antibody binding
d

disulfide bonds, immunoglobulins
divalent binding, IgG
diversification

HIV
immunoglobulins

evolution
see also somatic hypermutation
NK-cell receptors

T-cell receptors
diversion see deviation

diversity (D) gene segments
DJ combinations, immunoglobulin genes

DM (MHC-related dimer)
DNA

as autoantigen

damage response, NK cell activation

double-stranded breaks, drugs causing
fragmentation, apoptosis
hairpins

microarray assays
repair machinery

vaccines
DNA-dependent protein kinase

DO (MHC-related molecule)
domains

immunoglobulins
pairing
dominant-interfering mutations

Donath–Landsteiner antibodies
Doniach, D.

dopamine β-hydroxylase
dosimetry, radioimmunoconjugates
double-layer techniques, immunofluorescence microscopy

double-negative cells
double-positive cells

double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), as autoantigen
double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)

drift, influenza virus antigens
Drosophila , toll gene

drug(s)
anaphylaxis
DNA double-stranded breaks

immune complexes
overdoses, antibodies to treat

resistance
HIV

multidrug resistance
type II reactions

drug-induced lupus

dual specificities, cytotoxic T-cells
Duncan’s syndrome
E2A, B-cell differentiation

early B-cell factor (EBF)
Ebola virus, vaccine development

eculizumab, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
eczema

Edelman, G.
edema

inflammatory response
editing
receptors

B-lymphocytes
see also immunoediting

education
natural killer cells
thymic

effector(s)
T-cells as

killed by Tregs
effector caspases

effector mechanisms, HIV infection
effector memory cells, central memory cells vs

effector-triggered immunity, plants
Ehrlich, P.
electrophoresis (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)

elephantiasis
ELISA

affinity measurement
labels

ELISPOT technique, antibody-secreting cell counting
elite controllers, HIV infection

Elk1 (transcription factor)

embryonic stem cells
transfection
emulsions, as adjuvants

end-ligation complex, in DNA repair machinery
endocytosis

endogenous antimicrobials
endogenous retroviruses

porcine (PERVs)
as superantigens

endoplasmic reticulum, role in antigen presentation
endoplasmic reticulum resident aminopeptidases (ERAP)
endosomes

endothelium
high-walled endothelium of postcapillary venules

peptide tumor therapy
endothelium-derived relaxing factor see nitric oxide
endotoxins

see also lipopolysaccharide endotoxins
enfuvirtide

enhancers, immunoglobulin loci
enhancing antibodies

enrichment, antigen-specific populations
enteric bacteria, effect on macrophages

enterotoxins
S. aureus, as superantigens
enthalpy

entropy, antigen-antibody binding
envelope spikes, HIV

environmental pollution
Env polyprotein, HIV

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay see ELISA
enzymes see abzymes

enzymic activity, complexes with

eosinophils
chemoattractants
on helminths

type IV hypersensitivity
eotaxin

epidermal growth factor receptor
Herceptin targeting

see also human epidermal growth factor receptor
epidermis

epinephrine, for anaphylaxis
epithelial cells, thymus
epithelium

atopic allergy
carcinomas

epitopes
binding to MHC proteins
cryptic

identification
mapping

mutual interference
myelin, bystander tolerance

recognition by antibodies
suppression by

T-cells, molecular mimicry
Epstein–Barr virus
B-cell lymphomas, AIDS

BCRF1
B-lymphocytes

immortalization
polyclonal activation

CR2 receptor for
in monoclonal antibody production

nuclear antigen-1

superantigen from infection
tumors associated
vaccines

equivalence, antigen/antibody
ERAP (endoplasmic reticulum resident aminopeptidases)

ERp57 (thiol oxidoreductase)
erythema

weal and flare
erythema nodosum leprosum

erythrocytes
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
complement on

see also sheep erythrocytes
erythropoiesis

see also hematopoiesis
Escherichia coli
complement activation diversion

shigella toxin genes
E-selectin

estrogen(s)
estrogen receptor α, autoimmune diseases

Eta-1 (cytokine)
etanercept

for TRAPS
ethnicity, autoimmune diseases
evolution

HIV
immune response

MHC proteins
see also convergent evolution

exophthalmos
experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

external barriers see mucosa; physical barriers

extracellular antigens, processing
extravillous cytotrophoblast, MHC proteins
extrinsic allergic alveolitis

extrinsic asthma
exudates

F(ab′) 2

for autoimmune diseases
Fab units

divalent binding
factor II receptor-like
factor VIII, antibody hydrolyzing

factor B, complex with C3
factor H

binding by bacteria
polymorphism

factor H-like protein-1 (FHL-1), binding by bacteria
factor I

deficiency
familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type (FHL)
familial Mediterranean fever

farmer’s lung
Faroe Islands, measles

Fas/Fas ligand signaling pathway
autoimmune diseases and
CD44 inhibiting

trophoblast
Fas receptors

activation by antibodies, research
down-regulation of T-cells

FcαRI
interaction with IgA

FcεRI

interaction with IgE

FcεRII
Fcγ, with,6-sialylated glycans
Fcγ RI

Fcγ RII
FcγRIIB, autoimmune diseases and

FcγRIII (CD16)
interaction with IgG

Fc receptors
CD16 (NK receptor) see FcγRIII

natural killer cells
neonatal (FcRn)
in tumor immunotherapy

Fc units
immunoglobulin classes

fetus
liver, B-cell precursors
rejection avoidance

fexofenadine
fibrillin-1 gene

fibrin clot, inflammatory response
fibroblastic reticular cells, lymph nodes

fibroblasts
ficolins

Ficoll-Hypaque, cell separation
filariasis
Th cells, suppression

type III reactions
flagellin sensitive, plants

flavoproteins
FLIP (caspase-8 inhibitor)

flow cytometry
antigen-specific lymphocytes

fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)

fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)
fluorescence assays, rare earth chelates
fluorescent antibodies

fluorescent dyes
cell division assessment, lymphocytes

f.Met.Leu.Phe
foam cells

follicles, lymph nodes
follicular dendritic cells (FDCs)

immune complexes on
prion infections
follicular helper T-cells (Tfh cells)

food allergens
footprints, antigens

formoterol
forward scatter, flow cytometry
Fos (transcription factor)

foxes, rabies vaccination
nu
Foxn1 gene, nude mice
Foxp3 (transcription factor)

mutations
+
+
+
see also CD4 CD25 Foxp3 Treg cells
+
Foxp3 inducible Tregs
fractional occupancy, ligand-binding systems
framework regions
free energy (ΔG), antigen–antibody binding

Freund’s adjuvant
type IV reactions

frustrated phagocytosis
fungi

aspergillosis

immunosuppressants from

fusion inhibitors, HIV
fusions, hybridoma technology
GADS (GRB2-related adapter protein)

Gag polyprotein, HIV
Gag precursor protein

p55, HIV
γ-aminobutyric acid, stiff man syndrome

γc chain, hematopoietin receptors
γδ T-cell(s)

antigen recognition
intraepithelial
ontogeny

regulatory
γδ T-cell receptors

development
T10 and T22 as ligands
viral infections

gammaglobulins
see also immunoglobulins

γ heavy chains, antibodies
γ-interferon see interferon-γ

gastritis, atrophic
gastrointestinal tract

food allergies
helminths, expulsion
intestinal transplantation, survival rates

neuroendocrine system
regulatory T-cells, tolerization

secretory IgA
vitamin A

G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor)
GEFs (guanine-nucleotide exchange factors)

gender

autoimmune diseases
gene conversion
genes, expression analysis

gene therapy
for immunodeficiencies

suicide gene therapy
genetic engineering

stem cells
vaccines

genetic immunization
genetics
antibodies

atopic allergy
autoimmune diseases

immune responsiveness
MHC proteins
T-cell receptors

transplantation antigens
genomics

autoimmune diseases
vaccine development

germinal centers
in lymph nodes

rheumatoid arthritis
germ lines
somatic hypermutation

giant cell arteritis
giant cells

GILT (interferon-γ-induced lysosomal thiol reductase)
GILZ (glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper)

glomerular basement membrane, autoimmune diseases
glomerulonephritis

Goodpasture’s syndrome

see also immune complex glomerulonephritis
glucocorticoids
asthma

for immune complex diseases
regulatory function

thymus
for transplantation

glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), autoimmune diseases
gluten, celiac disease

GlyCAM-1, HEVs
glycans, vaccines
glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3)

glycolipid antigens, presented by CD1 molecules
GM-CSF (granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor)

gold (colloidal gold), as immunolabel
Goodpasture’s syndrome
kidney transplantation

Gorer, P.
gp20 (glycoprotein), HIV, as superantigen

gp41, HIV infection
gp120, HIV infection

gp130 shared chain, hematopoietin receptors
gp350/220, EBV vaccine

graft-versus-host reaction
Gram-negative bacteria
cell walls

septicemia
Gram-positive bacteria, septic shock

granule-dependent cell killing
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)

granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
granulocytes

granulomas

tuberculosis
granzymes
see also perforin/granzyme signaling pathway

Graves’ disease
pretibial myxedema

treatment
Grb2 (phosphotyrosine-binding protein)

Grb2-related adapter protein (GADS)
grooves

allo-MHC proteins
MHC class I proteins
MHC class II proteins

Gross, L.
growth factors

hematopoietic stem cells
tumors and
GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase)

guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs)
guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins

Guillain–Barré syndrome
gut-associated lymphoid tissue

+
Foxp3 inducible Tregs
gene conversion
H1N1 influenza

H-2 genes (mouse)
T-helper cell restriction imprinting

H-2M3 molecule (mouse)
H3 hypervariable regions
H3K4me3 histones

Haemophilus influenzae type b, vaccination
Hageman factor

hairpins

DNA

gp41, HIV infection
halogenating system
HAMA see human anti-mouse antibodies

haploidentical donors, NK cell tumor therapy
haplotype(s)

H-2 system
haplotype restriction, T-cells

haptens
contact dermatitis

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
diseases associated
familial aggregation

T-cells
Hassall’s corpuscles

HATA response
Hayflick limit
hDB-1 (β-defensin)

heart block, congenital complete
heart transplantation

heart valves, xenografts
heat-shock proteins

atherosclerosis
natural killer cell activation

QKRAA sequence
therapeutic peptides
tumors

heavy chains
genetics

pairing with light chains
helicases see RIG-like helicase receptors

Helicobacter pylori
helium gun

helminths

eosinophils on
IgE
deviation of response

type III reactions
helper T-cells see T-helper cells

hemagglutinins
influenza viruses

hematopoiesis
cytokines

hematopoietic macrochimerism
hematopoietic malignancies
hematopoietic stem cells

bone marrow chimeras
transplantation

graft-versus-host reaction
tissue typing
hematopoietin receptors

hemochromatosis, mutation in HFE
hemolytic anemia

autoimmune
α-methyldopa

type II drug reactions
hemorrhagic shock syndrome

hen egg lysozyme transgene
heparin, for immune complex diseases
hepatitis A virus, vaccination

hepatitis B surface antigen
genes in vaccinia virus

vaccine
hepatitis B virus

cancer
subunit vaccine

vaccination

hepatocytes, transfer
HER2 see human epidermal growth factor receptor
Herceptin

herd immunity
hereditary angioedema

herpes simplex virus
cell-mediated hypersensitivity

complement
glycoprotein-1, recognition by γδ T-cell receptors

thymidine kinase, “suicide gene therapy”
Herzenberg, L.
heterodimers

transmembrane, T-cell receptors as
heterohybridomas, nonsecreting

heterozygosity
HEV see high-walled endothelium of postcapillary venules
hexapeptides, bacteriophage libraries

HFE (HLA-H)
highly exposed seronegative individuals, HIV infection

high mobility group proteins
high-walled endothelium of postcapillary venules (HEV)

hinge regions
histamine

histamine H -receptor antagonists, asthma
1
Histoplasma capsulatum

HIV
4E10 antibody on

diversification
genome

gp120 as superantigen
integration

interference with antigen processing

life cycle

Nef protein
opsonization
replication

transmission
treatment

TRIM5α protein and
vaccines

variants
see also acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

hives
HLA (human leukocyte antigen)
autoimmune diseases

HIV infection
tissue typing

see also major histocompatibility complex proteins
HLA-B27
HLA-E (MHC-related molecule)

HLA-F
HLA-G

HLA genes
Hodgkin’s disease

homing, lymphocytes
homing receptors

homologous recombination, for knockout mice
homologous restriction factor
homozygosity

hormones
affecting thymus

of thymus
horseshoe crab, limulin

house dust mite
human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA)

human anti-toxin antibody response

human cells, hybridoma technology
human chorionic gonadotropin, immunization against
human cytomegalovirus

human epidermal growth factor receptor
monoclonal antibodies

human herpesvirus
K3 protein

viral FLICE inhibitory protein
human leukocyte antigen see HLA

human leukocyte Fc receptors see Fc receptors
human monoclonal antibodies
human orthopoxvirus, interleukin-18 binding protein

human papillomavirus, vaccines
humoral mechanisms

against parasites
see also antibodies
hybridoma technology

T-cells
hydrogen bonding

hydrogen peroxide
hydrophobic surfaces, thermodynamics

hydrophobic transmembrane regions
hydroxyl radicals

hygiene hypothesis
hyperacute graft rejection
xenografts

hyper-IgE syndrome
hyper-IgM syndrome

hypermutation, somatic
hypersensitivity

parasites
see also immunopathology

hypervariable regions (CDRs)

chimeric grafts
epitope binding
IgG

T-cell receptors
in ternary complexes

hypnosis
hypogammaglobulinemia, infants

hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
ICAM-1

common cold
see also adhesion molecules
“iccosomes”

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

idiotopes
regulatory
idiotypes

antibodies
bypass mechanisms

I domain, integrins
IgA

class switching and
FcαRI

Fc units
mucosa
protection from cholera

secretory
selective deficiency

Ig-α, B-cell receptors
Ig-β, B-cell receptors

IgD
B-cell receptors

IgE

anaphylaxis
blockade
desensitization

Fc receptors for
Fc units

helminths
deviation of response

interaction with FcεRI
radioallergosorbent test

regulatory function
see also hyper-IgE syndrome
IgG

affinity vs abundance
C3b bound to, bacterial opsonization

class switching and
complement classical pathway
divalent binding

Fc units
indirect plaque techniques

for malaria
neonatal Fc receptor and

regulatory function
rheumatoid factors

subclasses
see also maternal IgG
IgG4

Ig-like receptors
see also killer immunoglobulin-like receptors

IgM
B-cell receptors

binding avidity
class switching and

complement classical pathway

neonates
regulatory function
see also hyper-IgM syndrome

IgSF cytokine receptors
IκB (nuclear factor κB inhibitor)

Ikaros gene
IL1R-associated kinase-4 (IRAK4), deficiency

IL-2 gene
immortalization, B-lymphocytes

immune complexes
detection
see also under complexes

immune complex glomerulonephritis
kidney transplantation

immune complex-induced nephrotic syndrome, malaria
immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX)

immune response
anatomy

deviation, parasites
enhancement by immunodeficiencies

evolution
neonates

plants
primary
regulation

secondary
tissue damage

tumor growth enhancement
immune response genes (Ir genes)

immunoadsorption
immunoassays

labels

with solid-phase antigen
immunoblotting
immunoconjugates

therapeutic
see also radioimmunoconjugates

immunodeficiencies
diagnosis

treatment
vaccination and

see also severe combined immunodeficiency disorders
immunodominance
antigens

vaccine development and
immunoediting

immunofluorescence
immunofluorescence microscopy
immunofluorescence sandwich test

immunogens
immunoglobulin class switching, B-lymphocytes

immunoglobulin folds
immunoglobulin-like transcript-2 (ILT2)

immunoglobulins
classes

differential splicing
diversification
evolution

see also somatic hypermutation
domain pairing

estimation
genes

evolution
rearrangement sequence

intravenous

neonates
pooled normal
see also agammaglobulinemia; antibodies; entries beginning Ig. . .

immunoglobulin superfamily
immunohistochemistry

immunological silence
immunological surveillance see tumor(s), surveillance

immunological synapses
B-cell receptors

immunopathology
malaria
parasites

immunophilins
immunoprecipitation

immunoproteasomes
immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs)
CD3 complex

immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs)
immunosorbents, antibody purification

immunostimulants
immunosuppressants

synergy
for transplantation

kidney
immunosuppression
infections

tumors
immunotherapy

allergies
interdigitating dendritic cells in

tumors
immunotoxins

imprinting, H-2 restriction

incomplete antibodies
indirect competitive ELISA, affinity measurement
indirect pathway, allo-MHC recognition

indirect tests, immunofluorescence microscopy
indoleamine,3-dioxygenase (IDO)

trophoblast
“induced-self” recognition

inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
inducible promoters, transgenic animals

inducible Tregs
infants, hypogammaglobulinemia
infections

autoimmune diseases
opportunistic

primary vs secondary
reactive arthritis
tumor growth enhancement

type IV hypersensitivity
infectious agents, classificationf

infectious anergy
infectious tolerance

infertility
autoimmune

transplantations for
inflammasomes
inflammatory bowel diseases

inflammatory response
chronic

IgE and
mediators

nerve growth and
regulation and resolution

skin

tumors
infliximab
for TRAPS

influenza viruses
antigens, drift and shift

hemagglutinin
vaccination

children
DNA vaccines

inhalation, peptide aerosols
inheritance, MHC proteins
inhibitory NK-cell receptors

innate immunity
cancer and

deficiencies
effector generation
effector mechanisms

hypersensitivity reactions
T-helper cells and

see also under adaptive immunity
inositol triphosphate (IP )
3
insects

bites
immunity of
instructive hypothesis, T-cell ontogeny

integrins
B-lymphocytes

lymphocyte adhesion
as superfamily

interchain amplification
interdigitating dendritic cells (IDC)

antigen presentation

see also under dendritic cells (DCs)

interferon(s) (IFN)
on NK cells
viral defenses against

viral infections
interferon-α (IFNα)

natural killer cells and
tumor immunotherapy

interferon-β (IFNβ)
for multiple sclerosis

tumor immunotherapy
interferon-γ (IFNγ)
autoimmune diseases and

role in antigen presentation
Th cells

transplant rejection
viral infections
xenograft protection

interferon-γ-induced lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT)
interferon receptors

interferon-regulated factors
interferon regulatory factors

interleukin(s) (IL)
B-lymphocyte activation

listed
receptor gene mutations
tumor immunotherapy

interleukin-1
diabetes mellitus model, treatment

interleukin-1β
interleukin-2

breaking of anergy
from Th cells

on T-cells

for Tregs
tumor immunotherapy
interleukin-2 receptor

α chains, immunosuppressants
interleukin-3

interleukin-4
asthma

B-lymphocyte activation
immunoglobulin class switching

interleukin-5
asthma
interleukin-6

from tumors
interleukin-7

memory T-cells
interleukin-8
from tumors

interleukin-10
B-1 lymphocytes

interleukin-11
asthma

interleukin-12
against Listeria monocytogenes

measles
tumor immunotherapy
interleukin-15

memory T-cells
rheumatoid arthritis

schistosomiasis
interleukin-17A

interleukin-17F
interleukin-18 binding protein, human orthopoxvirus

interleukin-21

monoclonal antibodies, for graft-versus-host reaction
interleukin-22
interleukin-23

internal images
intestinal transplantation, survival rates

intracellular antigens
processing

tumors
intracellular killing by neutrophils, assessment

intracellular organisms
bacteria
cell-mediated immunity to

protozoa
intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs)

intranasal challenge, atopic allergy
intranasal peptides
intranasal vaccines

intravenous immunoglobulin
pooled normal

intrinsic asthma
invariant accessory molecules, membrane receptors

invariant chains (Ii)
invariant NKT-cells

invertebrates
see also insects; parasites
in vitro expansion, T-cells

in vitro generation, dendritic cells
involution, thymus

IPEX (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked)
Ir (immune response) genes

IRAK4 (IL1R-associated kinase-4), deficiency
iron deficiency

ISCOMS (particulate antigens)

islet cells, transplantation
isografts
isohemagglutinins

isolation, leukocyte subpopulations
isoprenaline

isotypes, antibodies
ITAM see immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs

ITIM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs)
JAK–STAT signaling pathway

Janus kinases
Japanese encephalitis virus, vaccination
Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction

jasmonic acid
J chains

Jenner, Edward
Jerne plaque technique, antibody-secreting cell counting
Jerne’s network hypothesis

J gene segments
“Jones–Mote” sensitivity

junctional adhesion molecule-1
junctional diversity

K (killer) cells
Kaposi’s sarcoma

see also human herpesvirus
κ chains, antibodies
kappa gene loci, immunoglobulins

keyhole limpet hemocyanin
cocaine, conjugates

kidney
nephrotic syndrome, malaria

SLE
transplants

with pancreas

rejection
unmet demand
see also glomerulonephritis

killed organisms, vaccines
killer activating receptors, natural killer cells

killer cells
killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)

see also Ig-like receptors
killer inhibitory receptors, natural killer cells

kinins
Klotz equation, antibody affinity
knockdown, genetic engineering

knocked in mice
knockout mice

Ku complex, DNA-repair machinery
Kupffer cells
Kveim reaction

L1 protein, HPV vaccines
labels, immunoassays

lactoferrin
λ gene
5
λ chains, antibodies

lambda gene loci, immunoglobulins
Lambert–Eaton syndrome
lamina propria

T-cells
LAMPs (lysosomal-associated membrane proteins)

Langerhans’ cells
contact dermatitis

Langmuir equation
Steward–Petty modification, antibody affinity

large granular lymphocytes (LGL)