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\~··-.. , CD Are RReeaaddyy to RRuulle.•.•.•
•• and tackle every challenge in middle school!

VALERIE A CROWDED NEW SCHOOL AND
TRIPP A CRAZY CLASS SCHEDULE ARE
ENOUGH TO MAKE IZZY DIZZY.
~Girt book It may be the first day of middle
school, but as long as her best friends
*ies~ Allie Einstein and Charlie Darwin
are by her side, Izzy knows it’ll all be
okay. But first-day jitters take an icy
turn when Izzy’s old pal Marie Curie
gives her the cold shoulder and the
school’s air-conditioning goes on
the fritz, dropping the temperature
to near freezing. Cold classrooms
and a frigid friendship? Izzy has had
enough of feeling like an absolute
zero. Sherallies the girls to use their
brainpower and science smarts to
tackle the school’s chilly mystery ...
and hopefully to fix a certain frozen
friendship along the way.

Read the first chapter,
meet the characters,
and discover more at

smartsquadbooks.com

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Editor in Chief and Vice President, IN DEPARTMENTS
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Rachel Buchholz ISSUE 4 Weird
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Allyson Shaw, Editor / Digital Producer a Tiger
Cub 6 Bet You
Photo Shannon Hibberd, Senior Photo Editor Didn't Know!
One tiger
Production Sean Philpotts, Director momma 7 Naughty Pets
showed 8 By the Numbers
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how it’s done. 28 Fun Stuff
PUBLISHED BY NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PARTNERS, LLC
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Check out these CHECK OUT
outrageous facts. SEASON 3
OF WEIRD
BUT TRUE!
ON DISNEY+.

BY MARILYN TERRELL AND MICHELLE HARRIS

An inventor created

gas-powered roller skates
that can go 40 miles an hour.

BALD Some
EAGLES can use their
toxic frogs
WINGS to PADDLE
through WATER. secrete sugar, which might
help prevent
IN AUSTRIA,
infections. BOUQUETS
WITH AN EVEN
COMHEMRURNINICGATE MANTELLA NUMBER OF THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY IS MAJORITY OWNER OF NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PARTNERS. SUPERSTOCK / ALAMY (EAGLE);
BY FROGS FLOWERS ARE NICK GARBUTT / NATURE PICTURE LIBRARY (FROGS, TOP AND LOWER RIGHT); ALAN WATSON / NATURE PICTURE LIBRARY
CONSIDERED (FROG, LOWER LEFT); © DAVID CHAPMAN / ALAMY (CUTTLEFISH); INGRAM (GOLF BALL), STOCKBYTE / PHOTOLIBRARY
PAGSASISN. G (MOON), IMAGE DIGITALLY COMPOSED; JULIDE DENGEL / NG STAFF (HERRING, MICROWAVE, FLOWERS)
BAD
LUCK.

The first A cuttlefish’s An astronaut
microwave oven once hit a
PUPILS
was almost golf ball on the
750 pounds. are W-shaped.
moon.

4 NAT GEO KIDS • NOVEMBER 2020

GUINNESS BY ANGELA JONES

WORLD

RECORDS

SNOOPY
BLINGS

OUT

Good grief. A Chinese jeweler made the most expensive Snoopy memorabilia, HOP
worth roughly $371,000, for the beagle’s 60th birthday. The figure of the famous ALONG,
pup is covered with 9,917 diamonds, 783 black diamonds, and 415 ruby gemstones.
Woodstock would love it. PLEASE

PIE-NORMOUS! This guy really bounced his
way into the record books.
You’d better leave a lot of room for your holiday dessert! The largest pumpkin pie The tallest usable pogo
weighed 3,699 pounds and was 20 feet wide. What did it take to make this delish stick towers at more than
dish? Ingredients included more than 1,200 pounds of canned pumpkin, almost nine and a half feet from
2,800 eggs, and 1,400 teaspoons of cinnamon. That calls for a supersize dollop of the ground to the top
whipped cream. of the foot pedals. That’s
over twice the height
of an average pogo stick.
But standing tall wasn’t
enough—Fred Grzybowski
had to complete at least
20 bounces in a row.

GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS (SNOOPY, PIE); JAMES ELLERKER / GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS 5NOVEMBER 2020 • NAT GEO KIDS
(GRZYBOWSKI). INFORMATION PROVIDED BY © 2020 GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS LIMITED.

5 phenomenalfacts
about families

1 Born on land,

Meerkat poison dart frog
tadpoles wriggle
family
members may onto a parent’s back for a

curl up 2 rwideattoethr.e
together to
3
stay warm.
Cassowaries—

large

flightless birds—

are raised by their
dads.
MEERKAT
FAMILY

4 Baby Nile 5 PAUL SOUDERS / GETTY IMAGES
crocodile siblings
Up to
“chirp” inchorustowarn
700 black their family of

widow spiders danger.
can hatch from

1 grape-size
egg sac.

6 NAT GEO KIDS • NOVEMBER 2020

Naughty Thanks My evIl
for the plan to
PETS head rub. shrInk theIr
You can do stuff Is
my back fInally
workIng!
next.

now that NAME: Boots the cat NAME: Muffy
I got rId of FAVORITE ACTIVITY: FAVORITE ACTIVITY:
Getting massages from Pretending she’s a human
the bIrds, the dog FAVORITE TOY:
could someone FAVORITE TOY: Tooth- Mini-kitchen play set
shaped head scratcher PET PEEVE: Large furniture
pass me PET PEEVE: Dog breath
the bubble Your
IronIng
bath? wIll have to
waIt untIl

after
my nap.

NAME: Louie NAME: Riley
FAVORITE ACTIVITY: FAVORITE ACTIVITY:
Taking a bath Seeing how many times
FAVORITE TOY: Bubbles he can roll over on the
PET PEEVE: Birds ironing board
FAVORITE TOY:
© MARTIN BYDALEK / UPPERCUT IMAGES (BOOTS AND DOG); WALTER CRAIN Rolled-up socks
(MUFFY); KAREN HUFFMAN / NG STAFF (LOUIE); JESSICA HAMM (RILEY) PET PEEVE: Dry cleaners

7NOVEMBER 2020 • NAT GEO KIDS

GIANTS OF THE DEEP

Some of the world’s largest animals live in the
ocean. But just how big can these animals get? Scientists

aren’t always sure, because some creatures are rare or in
hard-to-reach parts of the ocean. Here are measurements
for a few of the largest marine species ever discovered(plus
a human for comparison).

ADULT GIANT JAPANESE
HUMAN PACIFIC SPIDER CRAB
OCTOPUS
6 12.1
32.2
FEET FEET (LEG SPAN)
FEET (RADIAL SPREAD)
GIANT
ISOPOD

1.6

FEET (TOTAL LENGTH)

LEATHERBACK WHALE SHARK

7SEA TURTLE 61.7
FEET
(SHELL LENGTH) FEET (TOTAL LENGTH)

8 NAT GEO KIDS • NOVEMBER 2020

CHECK
OUT THE
BOOK!

BY JULIE BEER AND MICHELLE HARRIS

SPERM WHALE GIANT SQUID

78.7FEET 39.4
(TOTAL LENGTH)
FEET (TOTAL LENGTH)

GIANT OCEAN 22.5SOUTHERN
MANTA RAY
ELEPHANT SEAL
23
FEET (TOTAL LENGTH)
FEET (DISK WIDTH)

BLUE WHALE OARFISH

108.3 FEET 26.3
(TOTAL LENGTH)
FEET (TOTAL LENGTH)

CARIBBEAN GIANT GIANT CLAM GIANT TUBE WORM EMILY M. ENG / NG STAFF; SOURCE: C.R. MCCLAIN, ET AL. PEERJ.
BARREL SPONGE
4.5 9.8
8.2
FEET (BASE FEET (SHELL LENGTH) FEET (TUBE LENGTH)
DIAMETER)

9NOVEMBER 2020 • NAT GEO KIDS

WHAT’S
ON THE
PRESIDENTIAL
MENU
BO TONIGHT?

PRESIDENTIAL BO (LEFT) AND
SUNNY SIT AT
Pets A TABLE IN THE
STATE DINING
U.S. ROOM OF THE
presidents WHITE HOUSE.
might lead
the country, The president: Barack Obama Years in office: 2009 to 2017 The pets:
but their President Obama promised his daughters, Sasha and Malia, that they could adopt a dog
pets rule the after the 2008 election. Eventually the family adopted not one but two Portuguese
White House. water dogs, Bo and Sunny. The pups had a few official duties, such as cheering up
patients at hospitals and greeting visiting world leaders. But that didn’t stop the pups
from occasionally being naughty: Bo once chewed on the commander in chief’s gym shoes.

The president: Abraham Lincoln Years in
office: 1861 to 1865 The pet: A citizen sent the
Lincoln family a turkey as a gift for their Christmas
feast. The president’s youngest son, Tad, quickly bonded
with the bird—named Jack—and convinced his
father to let him keep it as a pet.(Earlier that year, in
1863, President Lincoln had proclaimed the first
national Thanksgiving holiday.)

FIRST LADY GRACE Things were
COOLIDGE HOLDS different when some
REBECCA AT THE of these presidents
WHITE HOUSE had pets. Today, animals
EASTER EGG ROLL
IN 1927.

should never be taken

from the wild to

The president: Calvin Coolidge Years in be pets.

office: 1923 to 1929 The pet: A raccoon named

Rebecca was a gift to President Coolidge. She spent

hours splashing around in a partly filled bathtub and

even walked on a leash.

10 NAT GEO KIDS • NOVEMBER 2020 GROUNDER / DREAMSTIME (BADGE), WHITE HOUSE PHOTO / ALAMY (BO), IMAGE DIGITALLY COMPOSED; WHITE HOUSE
PHOTO / ALAMY (BO AND SUNNY); EVERETT COLLECTION HISTORICAL / ALAMY (REBECCA); TORY KALLMAN /

BY ALLYSON SHAW PRESIDENT
KENNEDY STANDS
PAULINE WAYNE WITH HIS KIDS,
WALKS ON THE LAWN JOHN JR.(LEFT)
OF WHAT’S NOW AND CAROLINE,
THE EISENHOWER AT THE WHITE
EXECUTIVE OFFICE HOUSE.
BUILDING NEXT TO
THE WHITE HOUSE.

The president: William Howard Taft The president: John F. Kennedy Years in office:
Years in office: 1909 to 1913 The pet: 1961 to 1963 The pet: President Kennedy’s daughter,
President Taft kept a dairy cow named Caroline, had a pony called Macaroni that she rode around
Pauline Wayne that grazed on the White the White House gardens.

House lawn.

SPOT RUNS ON PRESIDENT
THE SOUTH JOHNSON
LAWN OF THE PLAYS WITH
WHITE HOUSE. YUKI.

The president: George H.W. Bush Years in office: 1989 to The president: Lyndon B.
1993 The pets: President Bush’s English springer spaniel, Johnson Years in office: 1963 to
Millie, “wrote” a book(with help from First Lady Barbara Bush) 1969 The pet: President Johnson
about a dog’s life in the White House. Millie gave birth to Spot, who enjoyed having howling duets in the
moved into the White House with the 41st president’s son President Oval Office with Yuki the mutt, one
George W. Bush, who served from 2001 to 2009. Spot was the only of his six dogs.
pet to live in the White House during two administrations.
11NOVEMBER 2020 • NAT GEO KIDS
SHUTTERSTOCK (TURKEY); NIDAY PICTURE LIBRARY / ALAMY (PAULINE WAYNE); SCIENCE HISTORY IMAGES / ALAMY
(MACARONI); PAUL MORSE / AFP VIA GETTY IMAGES (SPOT); BETTMANN / CONTRIBUTOR / GETTY IMAGES (YUKI)

How to Raise a Tiger CAtigermommashowsscientistshowit’sdone.
Three orange-and-black-striped fuzz gently bats the cubs with her nearly BY ALLYSON SHAW
five-inch-wide paws. They slink away …
‹ balls tumble out of a rocky hiding her behavior. About 11 months into their
research, they hiked to a spot in the

place, watching as their mom slowly but not for long. Soon they start the Sikhote-Alin Reserve in southeastern

pads toward them after a long day of game all over again. Russia where Varvara had stopped

hunting. The tired mom lays down to More than a year earlier, a team prowling, hoping to learn what she

rest, but the nearly two-month-old of researchers from the Wildlife had been eating.

cubs have been alone all day—it’s Conservation Society, the Pacific But when they arrived, the scientists

playtime! One youngster nibbles her Geographical Institute, and the Sikhote- got a surprise: Varvara had given birth

ear. Another bites her tail. The third Alin Reserve had placed a GPS tracking to her first litter of cubs. Now the

cub tumbles down her back. device around the neck of this Siberian researchers could compare what they

Swat! Unable to snooze, the mom tiger named Varvara so they could study had already learned about her habits

Momma tigers

make a purr-like

sound called a

chuffle at their
cubs.

12 NAT GEO KIDS • NOVEMBER 2020

with her behavior after having cubs.
The scientists already knew that

keeping cubs safe, healthy, and fed is a
full-time job for a female tiger. But they
weren’t exactly sure how mother tigers
did it.“Mother tigers need to protect
their cubs from predators, find food,
and defend their territory,” says Yury
Petrunenko, one of the scientists who
studied Varvara.“And they can’t be in
more than one place at a time.”

F1ONLINE DIGITALE BILDAGENTUR GMBH / ALAMY 13NOVEMBER 2020 • NAT GEO KIDS

By combining modern technology and check on the youngsters and place a Each tiger’s
traditional tracking, scientists could camera trap nearby. Newborns are blind stripe pattern
get a unique look at how this momma and totally helpless, and unsupervised
tiger managed to get it all done. cubs are an easy meal for wolves, bears, is different.
leopards, and even other tigers. So
CUB CARE Varvara had stashed the squirming fur Tiger paw
balls in a tight corner of a gap between prints are called
When the scientists first realized that some rocks.“Your parents might get help
Varvara had given birth to cubs, they from friends or grandparents, but tigers pugmarks.
visited her den while she was away to are solitary,” Petrunenko says.“Varvara
has to do it all by herself.”
VARVARA
PROWLS Over the next two months, the scien-
THROUGH HER tists observe that Varvara is never away
TERRITORY IN from the den for more than two days at
RUSSIA. a time so she can keep her cubs safe and
fed. But she still needs to eat. Using the
data from her GPS collar, the researchers
can see that she’s heading off into the
forest. Then they’ll walk in her footsteps
a few days later to see what she does next.

HOME BASE

Before having cubs, Varvara spent her
days patrolling up to 212 square miles of
territory(about as big as a medium-size
city). She moved in a loopy, zigzag path,
marking her territory along the way.
She’d scratch trees with her claws, brush
her cheeks against trunks, and spray
trees and mounds of dirt with a mixture
of urine and scent-gland liquid. Her
musty, sweet smell told other tigers
that she was nearby.

FOLLOWING VARVARA z z z VARDVEANRA’S Hunting route
zz z 15 hours,
Scientists used a GPS tracking device to record about 13 miles
Varvara’s movements. This map shows her leaving z
the den around 9 a.m., then roaming her territory zz Return to the den
before catching a wild boar around midnight. She 6 hours,
feasted for about a day before rushing back to about 9 miles
her cubs in a nearly straight line. a 9 a.m. » 12 a.m.
of Japan Sunday: (midnight)
Varvara Tuesday:
»heads outThe mom
»to hunt.returns to
her cubs.
a
of Japan
SIKHOTE-ALIN RESERVE

CHINA

AREA ENLARGED

SIKHOTE-ALIN 6 p.m.
RESERVE Monday:
Finished
RUSSIA with dinner,
Varvara
heads back 12 a.m. Se
to her den. (midnight)
Se » Monday:
VARMVEAARLA’S
Varvara
finds a
tasty boar.

14 NAT GEO KIDS • NOVEMBER 2020 WCS / SIKHOTE-ALIN BIOSPHERE RESERVE (VARVARA); EDO SCHMIDT / ALAMY (FAMILY); GEORGI LICOVSKI /
EPA /SHUTTERSTOCK (RUBBING); PATRICK PLEUL / EPA / SHUTTERSTOCK (CUB); MARTIN WALZ (MAPS)

But after having cubs, Varvara SIBERIAN SAVING
changes how she travels. No longer TIGERS TIGERS
patrolling the outside edges of her USUALLY
territory, Varvara now moves with GIVE BIRTH What’s better than
purpose from the den to a hunting TO TWO TO one country trying
site and back. This leaves the edges of SIX CUBS. to save tigers? Try 13
her territory open—another female TIGERS OFTEN countries working
could come and steal some of her prey. RUB THEIR together to save this
But now that she has cubs, Varvara CHEEKS ON endangered species.
doesn’t have time to hunt in a massive TREES TO LEAVE
forest or patrol her whole territory. THEIR SCENT, The Global Tiger
Scientists see from the GPS tracking WHICH TELLS Forum is a group of
data that Varvara has shrunk her ter- OTHER FEMALES officials, scientists,
ritory to just 70 square miles. TO STAY AWAY. and conservationists
from the 13 countries
As the scientists follow Varvara’s in which tigers live.
path, they notice that since she’s had They’ve teamed up to
cubs, she’s almost totally stopped create protections for
scent marking. “This could be to save tigers. Thanks to big-
time so she can get back to the den ger protected parks
faster,” Petrunenko says. “Or it could and more patrolling
be because she doesn’t want to give to prevent poaching,
away where she’s been so that preda- tiger numbers in India
tors can’t find her cubs.” have doubled—and
nearly doubled in
With no time to waste, Varvara is on Nepal—over the past
a mission to find food as fast as she can. 10 years. And experts
hope that by working
together, other coun-
tries will see success
as well.

The group believes
that helping tigers
helps people too.
“Protecting tigers
also saves forests,
which capture carbon
from the atmosphere,
helping to slow
climate change,” says
Mohnish Kapoor,
head of program and
partnerships. “It also
saves waterways,
which people rely
on to survive.” That’s
good news for tigers
and people.

WATCH A VIDEO ABOUT TIGERS!
natgeokids.com/november

15NOVEMBER 2020 • NAT GEO KIDS

SNACK ATTACK VARVARA A SIBERIAN
(BOTTOM TIGER’S FUR
Although tigers are the top predator in RIGHT) AND COLOR HELPS IT
their habitat, they capture prey only TWO OF HER BLEND IN WITH
about one out of every 10 tries. Before CUBS ARE THE FOREST
having cubs, Varvara could hunt anytime, PHOTOGRAPHED HABITAT.
going after red deer, sika deer, wild boars, BY A HIDDEN
and badgers. Once she’d made a kill, she’d CAMERA.
drag her catch into the brush, eat about
20 pounds of fresh meat at one time, tiger has gorged on that much meat, she
then take a nap. As a top predator, her looks like she’s really uncomfortable or
presence kept scavengers away, and she even like she’s pregnant,” tiger biologist
could continue to hang around and eat a John Goodrich says.“You almost want to
little at a time until the food was gone. give her some medicine for an upset
tummy.”
But now Varvara needs to eat more
than before—it takes a lot of energy to Varvara also can’t rest like she used
produce milk, which her cubs are entirely to. With her stomach full, she hurries
dependent upon—and she has less time straight back to the den to nurse. The
to hunt since her defenseless young are scientists can see that as she travels,
back at the den. So how will she get more she’s moving almost twice as fast as she
food in less time? did before having cubs.

The scientists walk to the sites where FELINE FUTURE
they note Varvara has not moved for a
while, then they study the prey she left Back at the den, Varvara can finally
behind. They discover that Varvara is rest—as soon as her playful cubs stop
being much more picky about her prey, practicing their ambush moves on her.
choosing bigger animals than she used to
and sometimes eating more than 50
pounds of meat at one time.“When a

SIBERIAN VS. BENGAL -

Here’s how to
tell these two
types of tigers
apart.

Location Siberian tigers roam the Bengal tigers live in swamps, In their first month of life, the cubs qua-
forests of southeast Russia grasslands, and forests in drupled in size, and at the end of their
and northeast China. India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, second month, they’re ready to leave the
China, Myanmar, and Nepal. den and follow their mom into the forest.
Coat A thick coat helps them
Markings keep warm when tempera- Warm climates Scientists used to think that tigers
Diet tures drop to minus 40°F. mean shorter fur. left their young cubs near a half-eaten
Prey kill while the mom went hunting again
Fewer stripes and pale A light-yellow to reddish- so they could keep snacking. But by
orange coats help them yellow coat helps disguise following tracks in snow, researchers
blend into wooded habitats. them in the brownish grass. found that Varvara hid her cubs in a
safer spot far away from the first kill
They snack on red deer, They eat sambar deer, water to protect them from scavengers while
sika deer, and wild boars. buffalo, and Indian bison. she’s out hunting. When she returns,
she’ll bring the family to the new kill
Fewer prey means they More available prey means so they can eat together. “Now she can
need a large home range. a smaller home range. protect her cubs and eat at the same
time,” Petrunenko says.

Even with Varvara’s hard work, one
of the cubs disappears after a year. The

16 NAT GEO KIDS • NOVEMBER 2020 WCS / SIKHOTE-ALIN BIOSPHERE RESERVE (CAMERA TRAP); TOSHIJI FUKUDA / NATURE PRODUCTION /
MINDEN PICTURES (FAMILY); WENN RIGHTS LTD / ALAMY (CUBS PLAYING); EDWIN GIESBERS / NATURE
PICTURE LIBRARY (SINGLE SIBERIAN); NIMIT VIRDI / 500PX / GETTY IMAGES (BENGAL); MARTIN WALZ (MAP)

SIBERIAN
TIGERS LIKE
VARVARA LIVE
IN SOUTHEAST
RUSSIA AND
NORTHEAST
CHINA. OTHER
TYPES ALSO
LIVE IN ASIA.

RUSSIA

A Siberian tiger IA
is also known as S
an Amur tiger.
A NEPAL CHINA
Lions and
tigers would BHUTAN
look the same
without their INDIA MYANMAR PACIFIC
LAOS OCEAN
fur.
THAILAND

BANGLADESH MALAYSIA
INDIAN OCEAN INDONESIA

Where
tigers
live

scientists aren’t surprised—about half YOUNG TIGERS AT
of all tiger cubs don’t survive into adult- PLAY ARE OFTEN
hood. But Varvara’s two other young- PRACTICING
sters, both males, seem to be healthy as HUNTING SKILLS.
the study comes to a close. The cubs will
stay with their mom until they’re about CHILL OUT WITH MORE PHOTOS OF ANIMALS IN SNOW.
18 months old, when they’ll leave to go natgeokids.com/november
find their own territory.
17NOVEMBER 2020 • NAT GEO KIDS
With only an estimated 600 Siberian
tigers left in the wild, scientists hope
that the more they learn about the ter-
ritory and prey that tiger families need,
the better humans will be able to keep
them safe—especially since tiger cubs
are so vulnerable in the first few months
of life. Says Petrunenko:“If we under-
stand what tiger moms need, we can
make better conservation programs to
protect them.”

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SEMENT

Can you match each sea creature
to the statement about it?

• r CAN SWAU.OW PR1Y TWIC6 MY tJIU,

MYHWAP CAN 116 Utl6f) TO PIN POWN PRIY.

Food That FOOLS
SOAPY
MILK CHICKEN WITH
PAPER STUFFING
To make milk look freshly
poured, food stylists add This chicken is only partly
dish soap bubbles to the cooked. Otherwise its skin would
surface just before the get wrinkly and burned. To give it
shoot. This trick works that well-roasted look, the food

for coffee and other stylist painted the bird with a
drinks too. special brown mixture.
To keep it plump, the
chicken is stuffed with
paper towels.

NICE HOT
ICE POTATO?

- Don’t crunch those ice This spud might look
cubes! They’re actually smoking hot. But the steam
hand-carved plastic blocks was created by heating a wet
that cost up to $50 each. cotton ball in a microwave oven
The thirst-quenching and hiding it behind the potato.
cranberry juice is really Squeezable margarine instead
water mixed with red of real melted butter adds
food coloring.
to the ready-to-eat
0".! ,·~- illusion.

20 NAT GEO KIDS RENEE COMET (ALL IMAGES) /
FOOD STYLING BY LISA CHERKASKY

You BY SEAN McCOLLUM cereal doesn’t get soggy. Or lemon juice might
be added to a banana to keep it from turning
If you chomped into this mouthwatering brown. “Food is basically like cut flowers,” food
Thanksgiving meal, your taste buds would never stylist Lisa Cherkasky says. “It’s amazing how
trust you again. Why? You’d get a mouthful of fast it dries up and shrinks.”
paper towels, cotton balls, and dish soap.
Nat Geo Kids takes you on the set to check out
Food stylists and photographers use many the secrets of food styling. Just make sure that
tricks to make food look delicious for cookbooks it’s only your eyes that do the feasting!
and advertisements. For instance, milk on cereal
might be replaced with white glue. That way the

BEFORE PARTIALLY ICING CREAM AND
LIPSTICK COLORED LIPSTICK BERRIES

AFTER This scoop of vanilla is actually
LIPSTICK store-bought cake icing mixed
with powdered sugar. That means
-" it won’t melt under bright lights WATERPROOF
while the camera clicks. White BREAD

areas on the strawberries The bread is coated with
have been touched up a special spray that people
with lipstick. normally use to protect car
interiors from water and sun.
0
Stylists use the spray to
keep bread from
drying out.

INDOOR INSIDE A STYLIST’S
GRILL TOOLBOX

Can’t you just smell the Food stylists know all sorts of tricks to
charcoal grill? In reality, the make food look especially yummy. Here
burn marks are seared into are a few cool tools they never leave
the veggies using a very hot home without.
electric coil. Some stylists
JEWELER’S TORCH A jeweler uses
apply eyeliner to make this tool to repair broken necklaces and
fake grill marks. secure gems in rings. A food stylist uses
the torch to brown the edges of a steak
or melt chocolate chips in a cookie.

SUPERGLUE This sticky stuff is great
for patching skin on a chicken or holding
together a pile of nuts.

TWEEZERS The tiny prongs help
rearrange sesame seeds on a bun or
place rice on a plate.

ICE POWDER Mixed with water and
food coloring, this product creates tasty-
looking but fake icy treats such as slushies.

21NOVEMBER 2020 • NAT GEO KIDS

A once hidden How a
chamber reveals CRYSTAL CAVE
gigantic, icicle-
like crystals. Grew

BY JENNIFER CUTRARO The superhot
water that once filled
It looks like a mysterious the cave contained molecules,
alien hideaway, with crystal or tiny particles, of chemicals.
structures about the When those molecules bumped up
height of a three-story against each other, they sometimes
building crisscrossing over- stuck together. Other molecules
head. But Mexico’s Cave of floating past glommed on as well.
Crystals is a real cave. And This continued for as many as one
scientists had never seen million years, until the crystals
anything like it. grew to the size they

SECRET WORLD are today.

In 2000, miners found a hidden gallery of giant
icicle-like crystals almost a thousand feet below the
Earth’s surface. Some measure up to 33 feet tall.

The sparkling crystals aren’t the only things that
make this cave unique. Most caves stay around 60°F.
But this one rests atop what was once bubbling magma
(hot, liquid rock). The leftover embers can make the mine
hotter than the Sahara and wetter than a rainforest.

“As soon as I entered the cave I was dripping with
sweat,” says crystal expert Juan Manuel García-Ruiz of
the Spanish National Research Council in Granada, Spain.

DEATH-DEFYING SCIENTISTS

These harsh conditions are what allow the incredible crystals to grow into miniature Washington
Monuments. Brave scientists who put themselves in danger to study the cave estimate that some
of the crystals might have been growing for as many as one million years.

But to García-Ruiz and other scientists, the risk was worth the experience inside the strange
cave.“You think you’re looking at icicles, but when you touch them they’re hot because it’s 140
degrees,” he says.“When I first saw the cave, I was so happy that I laughed like a crazy man!”

22 NAT GEO KIDS • NOVEMBER 2020

CARSTEN PETER / SPELEORESEARCH / NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC IMAGE COLLECTION SCIENTISTS
WEAR PROTECTIVE
GEAR AS THEY
STUDY THE CAVE
OF CRYSTALS IN
MEXICO.

23NOVEMBER 2020 • NAT GEO KIDS

‹ Ape
ACADEMY

Baby orangutans learn
rainforest survival skills.

BY ROSE DAVIDSON

Tucked away in a densely covered In the wild, an orangutan mother on Borneo, an Indonesian island, for
would show her baby how to use medical care.
- forest, Budi sits on a wooden plat- these branches and leaves to build a
--- form with his fellow baby orang- new bed each night. But Budi was After three months, Budi was
separated from his mom shortly after healthy again. But he was too young
---- utan classmates. Today’s lesson: he was born. When conservationists to be released back into the wild. So
how to build a nest. In front of each from the International Animal Rescue the organization put the orangutan
(IAR) found the sick orang living as in their “orangutan school,” where
-- tiny primate is a pile of leaf-covered someone’s pet, they rushed him to human instructors will teach him and
IAR’s orangutan rehabilitation center his classmates the skills they’ll need
-- branches. Budi (pronounced BOO- to survive in the wild.
--- dee) picks up a stick and examines

it. Unsure what to do next, he plops

----- the branch on his head.

24 NAT GEO KIDS • NOVEMBER 2020

Orangutan
means “man
of the forest”
in the Malay

language.

BABY ORANGUTANS
ARE WHEELED INTO
THE RAINFOREST.

BABY ORANGUTANS “Sadly, many young orangutans are CAREGIVERS FEED
ONYO (LEFT) AND separated from their mothers,” says BUDI SPECIAL
ROCKY PLAY AT THE conservationist Panut Hadisiswoyo, who MILK TO HELP HIM
INTERNATIONAL studies the animals on the island of GAIN WEIGHT.
ANIMAL RESCUE Sumatra. Like Budi, they might’ve been
CENTER ON THE taken to be kept illegally as pets, or they
ISLAND OF BORNEO. could’ve become separated after loggers
cut down forests the great apes live in.
HOW TO BE That’s where the orangutan school
AN ORANGUTAN comes in: Caretakers will take the place
of mother orangutans and teach the
Adult orangutans typically live alone in orphans the skills they need to reenter
rainforests on the islands of Borneo and the wild.
Sumatra in Southeast Asia. Mothers usu-
ally give birth to one baby at a time and The teachers keep the animals apart
spend seven to eight years teaching it early on so they can assess the health of
how to live. By watching Mom, babies like each orang and start to introduce them
Budi learn what to eat, where to sleep, to the foods they’ll need to survive.
and how to protect themselves. Young orangutans that are still being
bottle-fed get fruits that are pureed,
or mashed up, so they’re easy to eat. In
the wild, orangutans eat more than a

TAKE A QUIZ TO TEST YOUR GREAT APE SMARTS.
natgeokids.com/november

© THOMAS BURNS / IAR (MAIN); © ROGER ALLEN / IAR (ORANGUTANS IN 25NOVEMBER 2020 • NAT GEO KIDS
WHEELBARROW); BARCROFT MEDIA / CONTRIBUTOR / GETTY IMAGES (BUDI)

YOUNG ORANGUTANS These
PRACTICE CLIMBING apes are about
ON THE ISLAND OF
BORNEO. eight times
stronger than
the average

human.

There are three
species of orangutan:
Bornean, Sumatran,
and Tapanuli. Scientists
discovered Tapanuli
orangutans, the rarest

great apes in the
world, in 2017.

hundred different kinds of fruit, along Once caretakers are sure they’re INTO THE FOREST
healthy, class for the recently arrived
with leaves, bark, flowers, insects, and orangutans takes place in a small patch Once the orphaned orangutans have
of the forest. There, the animals hang learned some basic climbing skills, they
honey. The stinky fruit from the durian out with other primates their age, start school in the forest. Younger apes
mostly younger than two years old. ride in wheelbarrows to their new “class-
tree—said to smell like a mixture of “Orangutans seek comfort and room,” while older ones walk alone or with
protection from their mothers—and a friend.
onions and sweaty gym socks—is also a if they’re not around, then they look
to other orangutans,” IAR conserva- In school, the orangutans learn to find
popular snack. As they go through tionist Lis Key says. “Orphaned babies food. Caregivers place vegetation and
and infants cling to each other, just as fruit out in the open on the climbing plat-
school, the apes are given the they would’ve clung to their mothers form and hidden in the nearby trees. By
in the wild.” doing this, they’re coaxing the animals
SIA chance to taste these foods through a web of branches, rings, and
A PACIFIC that they haven’t yet Orangutans are arboreal, meaning rubber ropes to find the food. The apes
OCEAN learned to eat. they spend most of their time in the will use their searching skills in the wild,
treetops. Wild adults travel in the where they often look for food for up to
INDIAN CAMBODIA South trees for hours each day, only stopping six hours a day.
OCEAN AUSTRALIA VIETNAM China along the way to eat and rest. So young-
sters at the school practice climbing The teachers also show the orangutans
Sea skills during most of the day. At night how to build nests. Orangutans watch the
their human caregivers take the babies humans climb trees and bunch together
M A L AYS I A back to the center, where they cuddle leaves in the crooks of branches. As the
BRUNEI together in cozy hammocks and drift orangutans grow, they gain confidence to
off to sleep. try things on their own.
Sumatra Borneo
Safety is important too.“One of the
INDONESIA

INDIAN Java Sea
OCEAN

•Where orangutans live

RAINFOREST Hacks WARNING! DRINK UP

Smart orangutans can turn leaves and Orangs shake tree branches, To make cups,
branches from their rainforest homes using them like alarms to orangutans fold
into useful tools. Check out a few alert another approaching leaves and scoop up
examples of how these clever apes orangutan to back off. water from puddles.
are making the most of their habitat.
© THOMAS BURNS / IAR (ORANGUTANS ON PLATFORM, BANANA); CYRIL RUOSO / MINDEN
26 NAT GEO KIDS • NOVEMBER 2020 PICTURES (WARNING!); JIM BARBER / SHUTTERSTOCK (ALARM); ANUP SHAH / MINDEN
PICTURES (DRINK UP); VIOLETKAIPA / SHUTTERSTOCK (WATER GLASS)

challenges recently released orangutans ‘Talk’ Like an
Orangutan
face is dealing with natural predators,”

Hadisiswoyo says. After spending time in

the forest, they’ll develop an instinct to Scientists have some seriously silly
names for the noises that orangutans
avoid predators such as clouded leopards make to communicate with each
other. Here’s a translation of what
and snakes. these orangutan sounds mean.

At the end of a long day in the forest,

the apes can choose to go back to the

center, or they can stay out

overnight with human super- A YOUNG ORANGUTAN RASPBERRY
vision. They’re allowed to stay FIGURES OUT HOW
in the forest for multiple TO EAT A BANANA (sounds like pfft!):
ON ITS OWN.
“TIME FOR
nights in a row once they’ve BED!”

shown that their climbing and ORANGS OFTEN MAKE
THIS SOUND WHEN
nest-building skills are good enough. THEY’RE BUILDING
NESTS AT NIGHT.
Soon, these increasingly independent sturdy nest each night. Only then can
GRUMBLE
orangutans are moved to one of several they be released for real.
(sounds like an
small, human-made islands near IAR that Those that can be released are taken to engine starting):

are surrounded by moats. There, the apes a protected forest far from IAR’s center. “I’m READY
TO FIGHT!”
have more privacy to practice being “wild.” But the journey doesn’t end when the
MALE ORANGS MIGHT
orangutan enters the forest. Each MAKE THIS NOISE
WHEN THEY SPOT
RETURN TO THE WILD primate is monitored by forest staff for ANOTHER MALE.
up to a year or so to make sure they’re

As the orangutans explore the islands, thriving in their new home.

an IAR team monitors them every day Back at the center, Budi has gotten

from afar, from the moment they leave good at climbing. Perched from a tall

their nests in the morning until they tree, the small orangutan begins to

build a new nest and go to sleep alone bunch leaves together on a branch. “He

at night. The scientists are watching to just started to build nests,” Key says. “He

make sure each orangutan can live with- hasn’t perfected it yet!” But hopefully

out other apes, easily move through the Budi will soon join his classmates and

trees, find the right foods, and build a graduate to live in the wild full-time.

A PAIR OF GRUMPH
ORANGUTANS IS
RELEASED INTO (sounds like a burp):
THE WILD AFTER
COMPLETING “Go away!”
ORANGUTAN
SCHOOL. ORANGS SOMETIMES
MAKE THIS SOUND
ORANGUTAN TO SCARE AWAY A
PREDATOR.

KISS-SQUEAK

(sounds like mwah!):

“I’m
ANNOYED.”

AN ORANG MIGHT
MAKE THIS NOISE IF
A HUMAN GOT TOO
CLOSE TO THEM.

STAYING DRY CLEANUP DUTY WATCH A VIDEO TO HEAR
ORANGUTANS IN THE JUNGLE.
These great Orangutans use natgeokids.com/november
apes use leafy leaves as napkins
branches as to wipe away food
umbrellas. and dirt.

© IAR / INDONESIA (RELEASE); THOMAS MARENT / MINDEN PICTURES (STAYING DRY, GRUMBLE); 2HAPPY / SHUTTER- 27NOVEMBER 2020 • NAT GEO KIDS
STOCK (UMBRELLA); APRISON APRISON / EYEEM / GETTY IMAGES (CLEANUP DUTY); EGAL / GETTY IMAGES (NAPKINS);
MITSUAKI IWAGO / MINDEN PICTURES (RASPBERRY); SUZI ESZTERHAS / MINDEN PICTURES (GRUMPH, KISS-SQUEAK)

28 NAT GEO KIDS • NOVEMBER 2020

PLAY!

CHILLIN’ OUT

These scientists are studying life in Antarctica. Sure, they know that
this continent is icy, cold, and filled with penguins. But their research
area also looks a little bizarre. Help them find at least 15 things that
are wrong in the scene. ANSWERS ON PAGE 33

JAMES YAMASAKI 29NOVEMBER 2020 • NAT GEO KIDS

C RITTER are you
amoosed?
CHAT Ifanimalsusedsocialmedia,
what would they say? Follow this SnowHopper
moose’s day as it updates its feed.

BY ALLYSON SHAW
Moose 12 p.m. Before this lake
freezes over, I’m
LIVES IN: Northern OhDeer going to swim a few
laps. #SwimSelfie
regions of North America,

Europe, and Asia

SCREEN NAME OhDeer
FRIENDS
»

I’ll hop in the water to avoid @CoolCat
when she wakes up at sundown, but
I’d much rather take a bath in dust.

SPRUCE GROUSE CANADA LYNX SNOWSHOE HARE I bet wet moose smells pretty bad.
I’ll stick to the trees to keep safe
WoodBird CoolCat SnowHopper from @CoolCat.

WoodBird
START
7 a.m. It’s about time to say You guys are no fun. I just want to
SEAN CRANE / MINDEN PICTURES (MOOSE, LARGE IMAGE); SCOTT SURIANO / GETTY IMAGES (MOOSE PROFILE, ALL); PCHOUI / GETTY IMAGES (GROUSE PROFILE, ALL);goodbye to my magnifi-play hide-and-seek … and eat.
OhDeer MICHAEL QUINTON / MINDEN PICTURES (LYNX PROFILE, ALL); JIM CUMMING / GETTY IMAGES (HARE PROFILE, ALL); MARK RAYCROFT / MINDEN PICTURES (ANTLERS); ALLcent antlers. Before I
CANADA PHOTOS / ALAMY (FEATHERS); MICHAEL QUINTON / MINDEN PICTURES (TUFTS); RON SANFORD / GETTY IMAGES (MOOSE IN WATER); DIANA ROBINSON PHOTOGRA-shed them next month,6 p.m.First flurry ofCoolCat
PHY / GETTY IMAGES (MOOSE IN SNOW); JURGEN AND CHRISTINE SOHNS / FLPA / MINDEN PICTURES (HARE IN SNOW); PINGBAT / SHUTTERSTOCK (CARTOON FACES, BOTH)let’s all admire thesethe season!
six-foot-wide bad boys. OhDeer Doesn’t the WoodBird
snow look CoolCat
good on me? SnowHopper

Thoseantlers seem like Woot! If this keeps up, I’ll finally be
a lot of trouble just to able to relax in a deep burrow under
fight fora mate.Allmy the snow. #SnowDaySleepIn
guy had to do was show
off somefluffy feathers. WoodBird
(Isn’t he handsome?)

I’ll take my ear tufts over your Hide all you want. But I’m more
40-pound antlers— interested in where @SnowHopper’s
and I don’t need hanging out.
them to impress a
mate. I just found CoolCat Ha! Good luck—my
another lynx that winter coat matches
lives nearby. the snow, so you’ll
never find me.
#HareMagic

You’ll look so different without the Hey, where’d @SnowHopper go?
antlers! But not as different as I’ll
look in a few months when I’m wear- SnowHopper OhDeer
ing my grayish-brown summer coat.

30 NAT GEO KIDS • NOVEMBER 2020

TBAACKLK 1. Fill in the thought balloon.

2. Cut out the entire picture(or make a photocopy of it).

3. Mail it along with your name, address, phone number, and date of birth

to Nat Geo Kids, Back Talk, P.O. Box 96000, Washington, DC 20090-6000.
Selection for publication in a future issue will be at the discretion of Nat Geo Kids.

pthYeWisiOnshtgUehaumitntinhdpkiincoenhkrgoic?rk

.r - - . . . . . ... . . . .······· · ·····~·-·· ··· · ········ ····· ············· ············· ························ ······················· ····

FROM THE MARCH 2020 ISSUE

I think we see eye-to-eye. Hey, you’re blocking Talk about a Nice landing!

Kyrie A., 7 my view. close encounter! Tom U., 9
Clermont, Florida Los Angeles, California
Dylan K., 8 Lilly H., 12
I’m going to sneeze! New York, New York Spring Hill, Kansas

JOHN CONRAD / GETTY IMAGES (PENGUINS); Jeremy S., 6
KURITAFSHEEN / GETTY IMAGES (CHAMELEON) Hockessin, Delaware

My camouflage is
on point.

Zoë C., 12
East Lansing, Michigan

I’m not sure this butterfly
nose what he’s doing.

Xavier K., 9
Honolulu, Hawaii

You blinked! I win!

Jamie C., 12
Great Falls, Virginia

31NOVEMBER 2020 • NAT GEO KIDS

Ifyour parents can't answer these questions,
ma theyshoulcl go to school instead ofyou!

1 What does mucus do? 6 Which ancestor do all dog breeds have in
common?
A. helps your lungs take in oxygen
B. makes flavors taste stronger A. dinosaur C. wolf
C. filters harmful bacteria

from your body
D. stops your nose

from collapsing

B. hyena D. Scooby-Doo

2 Ostriches cannot do The scarab was a sacred insect in
which of the following? 7 ancient Egypt. What is a scarab?

A. lay eggs C. kick THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY IS MAJORITY OWNER OF NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PARTNERS. © J.-L. KLEIN &
M.-L. HUBERT / MINDEN PICTURES (OSTRICH); © SUZI ESZTERHAS / MINDEN PICTURES (LION); ERIC ISSELEE /
B. run D. fly A. a cockroach C. a wasp SHUTTERSTOCK (DOG); GODRICK / SHUTTERSTOCK (MOON); SMIT / SHUTTERSTOCK (FROG)

B. a beetle D. a dragonfly

3 Which is the world’s highest waterfall? 8 What does the Earth
A. Niagara Falls, in Canada and the
have that the moon
United States does not?
A. water
B. Angel Falls, in Venezuela B. rocks
C. an atmosphere
C. Victoria Falls, in Zambia and Zimbabwe D. a secret alien colony

D. Iguazú Falls, in Argentina and Brazil

4 Which of these TV families first
appeared in a 1938 magazine cartoon?

A. the Addams Family 9 In which century was the first macaroni-

B. the Flintstones and-cheese recipe printed?
A. 13th century
C. the Brady Bunch B. 15th century
C. 17th century
D. the Munsters D. 21st century

5 Which of the follow- 10 Which Disney princess

ing terms would kissed a frog?
A. Ariel
not be used to refer B. Rapunzel
to a young lion? C. Tiana
A. whelp D. Jasmine
B. lionet
C. cub
D. calf

32 NAT GEO KIDS • NOVEMBER 2020

LAUGH OUT
LOUD

“NO THANKS!”

“DO YOU HAVE ANYTHING
FOR DRY, SCALY SKIN?”

“I DON’T KNOW WHY HE
DOESN’T HONK LIKE THE

REST OF US.”

“I’M NOT OVER “Stump Your Parents”
HALLOWEEN YET.”
(page 32): 1. C, 2. D, 3. B,
4. A, 5. D, 6. C, 7. B, 8. C, Answers
9. A, 10. C.
“Chillin’ Out” (pages 28-29):
CHRIS WARE

33NOVEMBER 2020 • NAT GEO KIDS

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