15 annual Festival of Scholars Book

FESTIVAL OF SCHOLARS
A CELEBRATION OF
STUDENT RESEARCH
AND CREATIVE SCHOLARSHIP
APRIL 12-13 2018
Presented by the Center for Undergraduate Research and Graduate Opportunity


Center for Undergraduate Research and Graduate Opportunity 2018 Festival of Scholars
Xavier University’s Center for Undergraduate Research and Graduate Opportunity (CURGO) sponsors the 15h Annual Festival of Scholars (FOS).
Over the years, CURGO has provided more than half a million dollars in grants to support student research and creative work. In addition, the Center supports students via providing travel min-grants for national and international presentations and research experiences.
With funding from the Department of Education Title III and the National Institutes of Health BUILD grants, the FOS provides students with an opportunity to showcase their research and creative work achieved with the mentoring and faculty guidance, including student exhibitions from the Xavier’s College of Arts and Sciences and the College of Pharmacy.
The Festival of Scholars is one of the many programs and initiatives designed to support the Xavier’s mission to prepare students to assume roles of leadership and service. Through meaningful participation in faculty-mentored projects, students learn how to think critically about problems, design and implement solution strategies, think creatively and produce new ideas or materials. Although a research career is not every student’s destiny, substantive research experience can add value to any student’s career path.
The Center for Undergraduate Research and Graduate Opportunity congratulates the 2018 Festival of Scholars student participants and the faculty mentors for the outstanding presentations, creative work, and contributions to research.


2018 Festival of Scholars
This festival highlights the research and creative
2018 FESTIVAL OF SCHOLARS
scholarship of Xavier University
students.
THIS FESTIVAL HIGHLIGHTS THE RESEARCH AND
CREATIVE SCHOLARSHIP OF XAVIER UNIVERSITY STUDENTS.
April 12-13, 2018
APRIL 12-13, 2018
UNIVERSITY CENTER
University Center
@XULACURGO #XULAFOS2017


PROGRAM AT A GLANCE
Thursday, April 12, 2018
9am - 4pm
12:15pm UC205
Registration and Presentation Set-Up - University Center, 2nd Floor Lobby
Welcome – Dr. Nathaniel Holmes, Executive Director for Student Academic Success O ce/Center for Undergraduate Research and Graduate Opportunity Opening Prayer – Sr. Dr. Mary Ann Stachow, Theology
Opening Remarks – Dr. Anne McCall, Provost and Sr. VP for Academic A airs Creative Inquiry and Arts Kick-O – Dr. Ross Louis
Performance Studies Lab: Sarena Weatherspoon (Communication Studies) “For Colored Girls With 4c Hair” by Kyla Genre Lacey
Mass Communication: Precious Smith (Mass Communication) “Colorism”
Mass Communication: Ronald Davis (Mass Communication) “A Freer Way of Life”
Mass Communication: Deja Dennis and Tyra Johnson (Mass Communication) “My Ship Kept Going”
Art: Saki Puckett (Art) and Brittani Lewis (Chemistry) “Throwing on the Wheel”
Music: Elizabeth Page (French and Music) “Over the Course”
Art: Antwamesha Jenkins, Jalisa Orellana, Tuong Vy Nguyen, Arielle Crook, Gabrielle Toliver
“Public Art Mural Demonstration
BUILD Scholars Symposium – University Center, 205
Poster Session 1 – University Center, 2nd Floor Lobby
Course Presentations – University Center, 2nd Floor (See Program Guide for Locations) Poster Session 2 – University Center, 2nd Floor Lobby
1:15pm 1:15pm 1:15pm 2:45pm
Friday, April 13, 2018
10am - 2pm 1pm - 3pm 1pm 1pm-3pm 2pm
Registration and Presentation Setup - University Center, 2nd Floor Lobby BUILD Scholars Symposium – University Center, 205C
Poster Session 1 – University Center, 2nd Floor Lobby
Oral Presentations – University Center, 205C
Poster Session 2 – University Center, 2nd Floor Lobby


Presented by the Center for Undergraduate Research and Graduate Opportunity
FESTIVAL OF SCHOLARS


1:15 PM
1:35 PM
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FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA BUILD SCHOLARS SYMPOSIUM PRESENTATIONS
UC 205 - 1:15 PM - 3:15 PM
Simone White, Public Health Sciences
Understanding KDAC8 function and substrate speci city
Mentor(s):
Dr. Terry Watt
Dr. Tasha Toro Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Protein, Biochemistry, Enzymes, Cancer Research, Molecular Epidemiology
Abstract: Acetylation of lysine is a common reversible post-translational protein modi cation. Lysine deacetylases (KDACs) catalyze the deacetylation of proteins, producing both acetate
and an unmodi ed lysine residue as products of the reaction. Misregulation of acetylation has been associated with many human diseases, including a variety of cancers. KDAC8 is a class 1 lysine deacetylases that is relatively well characterized and can therefore serve as a model for understanding the function and behavior of KDACs in general by studying e ects of the reaction conditions, site-speci c mutations, and substrate interactions. I sought to see if a biologically relevant bu er that mimics the environment of the human cell enhances enzyme activity. Upon manipulation of the pH of the bu er, results showed that KDAC8 had optimal activity at 7.5
pH. Ariginine 37 has been previously hypothesized to a ect the function of KDAC8 by directing the acetate into an internal exit tunnel. I created variants with mutations at that position that provide evidence that arginine 37 is needed for the function of KDAC8, because the variants all demonstrated decreased catalytic activity and apparent stability. Substrate interactions with KDAC8 have generally been probed using small peptide mimics of the much larger proteins that serve as biological substrates. Therefore, I pursued use of a whole protein, ARID1A, with the aim of using it as a substrate for KDAC8 and comparing the activity to corresponding peptides. This aim required cloning of ARID1A into an appropriate expression plasmid. Future work includes manipulating other component of the bu er to make it more biologically relevant, creating other variants with di erent mutations at the Arginine 37 site, and selecting a di erent protein and/or expression plasmid.
Xiara Day, Biology
Investigations into the Antidiabetic E ects of Garcinia kola and Chlorogenic Acid via Alpha-
glucosidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae Inhibition
Mentor(s):
Dr. Patience Obih
Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences
Keywords: Diabetes, Pharmaceutical Science, Chlorogenic Acid, Garcinia kola, Alpha-glucosidase
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S., and a ects over 29 million people since 2012. The costs of diabetes exceeded over 245 billion dollars. Oral hypoglycemic medication and insulin have been widely used to control Type 2 diabetes, but have undesirable side e ects and are expensive. Therefore, the introduction of alternative antidiabetic medication is needed. Recent approaches to controlling postprandial blood glucose levels have involved α-glucosidase inhibition, which delays the cleaving of polysaccharides to monosaccharides and excursion of carbohydrate into the blood stream. Studies have pointed
XAVIER


1:55 PM
2:15 PM
XAVIER
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 7 THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
BUILD SCHOLARS SYMPOSIUM PRESENTATIONS
UC 205 - 1:15 PM - 3:15 PM
toward utilizing phytotherapy, that is the use of plants to treat hyperglycemia. Garcinia kola
(bitter kola) and Chlorogenic acid (extract from co ee) were examined for potential inhibition
of α-glucosidase. The extracts were assayed in vitro by the method of Ramirez et al., 2012 and prepared on a 96-well micro titer plate with α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae for inhibitory activity. The results were read on a Thermo Scienti c® Multiskan spectrophotometer at 400 nm. The combination of bitter kola and chlorogenic acid, tested at 200 mg/mL, displayed close to 20% enzyme inhibition compared to Acarbose, a prescribed α-glucosidase inhibitor, already in the market. The results suggest that more tests are needed to optimize the inhibitory action of the aqueous extracts of bitter kola and chlorogenic acid.
Janiece Walker, Biology
E cient Generation of DNA repair Knock Out Cell Lines Using CRISPR/Cas9 System
Mentor(s):
Dr. Maria Morales
Tulane Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center
Keywords: ERCC1, CRISPR, Cancer, HeLa, Double Stranded Break
Abstract: De ciencies in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair lead to genetic instability, such
as genomic rearrangements. Genomic instability is characteristic of tumor cells, and a strong correlation exists between abnormal karyotype and tumorigenicity. Decrease expression of
DNA repair ERCC1 protein has been reported in immortalized and tumor cells, which could alter recombination pathways to contribute to the chromosomal rearrangements found in these
cells. To directly determine the role of ERCC1 during DSB repair through di erent DNA repair mechanisms, we generated stable ERCC1 KO cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We generated three di erent ERCC1 KO cell lines, Hek293, HeLa and Hap1. ERCC1 KO clones were veri ed at
the RNA and protein levels. Further, ERCC1expression was stably integrated back into ERCC1KO HeLa cells. We are currently using a recombination system in these ERCC1 KO cells to examine the potential for double-strand breaks to lead to genome rearrangement in the absence of ERRC1 expression.
Tarius Hill, Biology Pre-Med
Optimization of scale-up synthesis of anti-cancer ceramide Analog 315
Mentor(s):
Dr. Maryam Foroozesh Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Cancer Research, Medical Chemistry, Ceramides
Abstract: Ceramides, serve as central mediators in sphingolipid metabolism and signaling pathways. They function in signaling events which induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagic responses. In cancer cells, ceramide levels are often suppressed by the up-regulation of ceramide-metabolizing enzymes or the down-regulation of ceramide-generating enzymes, resulting in increased cancer cell survival. Chemo-therapeutic drugs and radiation therapy have been shown to increase intracellular ceramide levels leading to anti-cancer e ects. Anti-cancer


2:35 PM
2:55 PM
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FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA BUILD SCHOLARS SYMPOSIUM PRESENTATIONS
UC 205 - 1:15 PM - 3:15 PM
e ects have also been seen in cancer cells with the use of exogenous short-chain ceramides. Our laboratory has synthesized a library of ceramide analogs and tested their e ects on breast cancer cell lines. Analog 315 ((S)-2(benzylideneamino)-3-hydroxy-N-tetradecylpropanamide) has been shown to be the most e ective ceramide analog in our library. Here, we are reporting a large-scale synthesis of analog 315 and its in vitro and in vivo e ects. MD-MBA 231 Breast cancer cells were used for this study.. During in vitro studies, Analog 315 has been shown to be e ective in reducing breast cancer proliferation, which was tested with the MTT Cell Proliferation Assay. Typan Blue method and Caspase Glow analysis. In addition we tested this drug for anti-tumor activity in nude mice.. Our main goal is to develop new and e ective ceramide drugs for the treatment of breast cancer.
Aliyah Jones, Psychology Pre-Med
Semi-Automation of a Reliable Method for Measuring Human Insular Cortex
Mentor(s):
Dr. Jeremy Cohen Department of Psychology
Keywords: Neuroscience, Brain Anatomy, Insular Cortex, Connectivity
Abstract: Insular Cortex, a multimodal region with connectivity throughout the brain, has a role in numerous clinical disorders. Manual morphometry is the ideal means to measure volume of insular cortex, in order to capture subtle inter-subject variability, but is very time consuming. Automated image processing is far more e cient, but is susceptible to losing some of the anatomical variation across subjects. The goal of this study was to combine the accuracy of manual morphometry with the e ciency of an automated algorithm for obtaining measurements of human insular cortex using Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs). Similar to the previously published protocol for hippocampus, landmarks were placed on insular cortex using MANGO, and ANTs was used to generate automated ROIs. Manual ROIs were used with the automated ROIs to create a correction algorithm that would improve the reliability over the fully automated ROIs. This segmentation adapter overlaps the automated ROI and the manual ROI and corrects the automated tracing (semi-automated). Manual ROIs were used from a previously analyzed sample in Fragile X Syndrome. Intra-class correlation coe cients (ICC) were used to test reliability. Results showed low reliability between manual tracings and ANTs automated tracings indicating that the automated approach alone is not enough. ICC between manual left and semi- automated left measurements was .784, and .864 between manual right and semi-automated right measurements. The semi-automated ROIs were found to be more accurate than just the automated ROIs, indicating this novel ANTs protocol may be a reliable tool for analyzing insular morphometry in larger subject samples.
Kylar Wiltz, Biology Pre-Med
Building correlation between MRP-1 and Cancer Cell Resistance as preparation for si-RNA
knockdown
Mentor(s):
Dr. Anup Kundu Department of Biology
XAVIER


XAVIER
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 9 THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
BUILD SCHOLARS SYMPOSIUM PRESENTATIONS
UC 205 - 1:15 PM - 3:15 PM
Keywords: Cancer Research, Nanotechnology, Breast Cancer, RNA-Interference (RNAi), Gene- Silencing
Abstract: Understanding the resistance factors within cancer cells has become a major aspect
of the research. By gaining a deeper knowledge of these works, we can learn how cancer cells operate, how the resistance occurs, and how can we ght against these factors. One such factor is MRP-1, or Multi-Resistance (Drug) Protein-1. MRP-1, and other ABC transporters, are largely assumed to be the main culprits that add in cancer cell resistance. With that being said, the
focus of this project is to examine the relationship between MRP-1 gene/protein expression and resistance in designated lines of cancer. Additionally, I also intend to examine the e ects of siRNA targeted knockdown on the MRP-1 transporters. The utilization of siRNA allots a mechanism that could be used to overcome the resistance factors that make cancer cells so hard to treat.


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FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 1
Ezinne Agwaramgbo, Chemistry LaShunda Fletcher
Yen Tran
Synthesis of Novel Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Stabilizing Agent
Mentor(s):
Dr. Galina Goloverda Department of Chemistry Dr. Vladimir Kolesnichenko Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Organic Synthesis, Metal Oxide Nanoparticles, Stabilizing Agent
Abstract: Iron oxide nanoparticles have had a profound impact in medical diagnostic, imaging, and drug delivery techniques. Their potential to reduce the invasiveness of many procedures while improving the accuracy and sensitivity have been well noted. Their e ectiveness is determined signi cantly by how well the particles are stabilized in aqueous solution. To do this, organic ligands are prepared that coat the nanoparticle in order to (1) aid in their hydrophilicity, (2) prevent aggregation which can lead to an embolus formation in the bloodstream, and (3) have a variable chain that can bind to drugs and help deliver them to speci c tissues in the body. Novel synthesis of 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid has been used as the ligand’s coordination moiety that attaches directly to the nanoparticle’s surface. This project’s focus is on synthesis of its functional derivatives with chain substituent that is long enough to provide hydrophilic properties without depressing the nanoparticle’s magnetic e ciency. To this end, oligomeric ethylene oxide and glycerol derivatives are used with various terminal groups that will provide a bioconjugation linkage.
Sarah Bertrand, Biology
Expression and Puri cation of Truncated L1 ORF2 Constructs
Mentor(s):
Dr. Cecily DeFreece Department of Biology
Keywords: LINE1 , Retrotransposons, genome, Cancer Research, double stranded breaks
Abstract: The aim of this project is to create alternate expression constructs of the Long Interspersed Element-1 (L1). L1 is a member of the non long terminal repeat retrotransposon class of mobile elements and the L1 sequence accounts for approximately 17% of the entire human genome. L1 is capable of driving its own retrotranspostion which requires endonuclease and reverse transcriptase activity. L1ORF2 constructs of varying sizes were prepared using PCR methods. Analysis of the L1 EN activity in the longer L1 ORF2 construct in vitro would be bene cial for characterization of its activity and greater understanding of the role of the L1 EN in vivo. The current project focuses on determining the best method for the transformation, expression, and puri cation of construct L1ORF2Δ390. We hypothesize that overnight induction would produce more protein than 3hr, or 4hr induction. PCR was used to generate alternative ORF2 constructs of the L1 EN that were subsequently cloned into the pCR2.1 vector. The L1 EN constructs then were subcloned into a pET15b vector and veri ed by restriction endonuclease digest and sequence


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XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 11
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 1
analysis. The chosen experimental construct, L1ORF2Δ390, was then transformed into B121 cells and expression of the protein was induced. Expression of protein under uninduced and induced conditions was analyzed on a 4-12% Bis-Tris acrylamide gel. The results showed that 4 hour incubation was the best time course for expressing L1ORF2Δ390 protein. Additional analysis was done using western blot procedure to con rm expression of our protein of interest. In the future, we will work on a puri cation scheme.
Kyla Bongay-Williams, Biochemistry
Design and Syntheses of new dibenzofuranol ether derivatives as potential cytochrome P450
inhibitors
Mentor(s):
Dr. Maryam Foroozesh Department of Chemistry Dr. Navneet Goyal Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Cancer Research
Abstract: Cytochrome P450 enzymes are a superfamily of hemoproteins involved in the metabolism and detoxi cation of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Their speci c interactions with, and bio-activation of certain pro-carcinogens have resulted in their popularity as targets in cancer research. Developing selective and potent mechanism-based inhibitors for these enzymes is expected to be the key to understanding their mechanisms of action. Previously, our group has shown that certain aryl and aryl-alkyl acetylenes act as inhibitors of these enzymes. In an attempt to increase the number of selective P450 inhibitors available for enzymatic studies, a novel group of dibenzofuranol ethers possessing an acetylene moiety, have been designed. The design and synthesis of these molecules will be discussed.
Kaiya Braham, Public Health Sciences
Analyzing Maternal Health in the African Diaspora: Haiti and Belize
Mentor(s):
Dr. Tyra Gross
Department of Public Health Sciences
Keywords: Public Health, Maternal Health, Haiti, Belize
Abstract: Looking at the health outcomes they have not been able to grow in the e orts of maternal and child healthcare. In Belize, they have implemented a plan in 2009-2011 that supported mothers during pregnancy and providing care as well providing sex education classes. These interventions supported mothers who may have obstetric complications during birth.
Methods: Information from the Government’s Ministry of Health, published literature and statistics will be reviewed that relates to the maternal and child health interventions.


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FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 1
Keturah Crease, Pharmacy
Estrogen Activity of Personal Care Products in Breast Cancer Cell Bioassays
Mentor(s):
Dr. Thomas Wiese
Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences
Keywords: Cancer Research, Breast Cancer, Health Disparities, Public Health, Personal Care Products
Abstract: Personal care products (PCPs) are a $40 billion dollar industry in the United States,
and in the U.S., African American women report heavier use of PCPs in comparison to Caucasian women. Of interest is the contribution of PCPs and hair products to breast cancer disparities found in African American women. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the ethanol extracts of 11 PCPs would induce estrogen agonist or antagonist activity in breast cancer cells
in culture. Ethanol extracts (1gm/2ml) were prepared from various personal care products. Extracts from: Pantene Conditioner, the Dark and Lovely Hair Relaxer and Just for Me Hair Relaxer displayed a dose-dependent, partial estrogen agonist activity in the MCF-7 E3 cells. Extracts from: Neutrogena T/Gel Shampoo, components of the Just for Me Hair Relaxer, and Soft and Beautiful Hair Relaxer were identi ed as dose-dependent partial estrogen antagonists, in the T47dkbluc cell reporter gene assay. The agonist and antagonist activity of these extracts could be inhibited or rescued with fulvestrant or estradiol respectively and the observed e ects are likely estrogen receptor mediated. We conclude that chronic exposure to estrogenic or antiestrogenic PCPs has the potential to impact estrogen mediated signaling in exposed women.
Camilla Do, Chemistry Pre-Med
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new ceramide analogs containing a avone moiety
Mentor(s):
Dr. Maryam Foroozesh Dr. Navneet Goyal Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer Research
Abstract: It is estimated that one out of every eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in her lifetime. Invasive breast cancer accounts for approximately 28% of all cancers diagnosed
in the United States. Many anticancer drugs used to clinically treat these cancers mediate
tumor cell death through the induction of apoptosis. Cancer cells, however, often acquire resistance following prolonged exposure to clinical chemotherapeutics. Consequently, molecular pathways involved in tumor cell proliferation have become potential targets for pharmacological intervention. Ceramide metabolism has been targeted as a potential pharmacological intervention in the treatment of breast cancer. One novel approach is to synthesize ceramide analogs with
a greater e cacy and speci city than endogenous ceramides. We have previously shown that ceramide analogs, particularly 4,6-diene-ceramide, have therapeutic potential in the treatment of chemo-sensitive and resistant breast cancers. Additionally, our laboratory has shown that (S)-2- (benzylideneamino)-3-hydroxy-N-tetradecylpropanamide (designated as Analog 315) has more e cacious anticancer properties on chemo-resistant MCF-7TN-R breast cancer cell lines (Liu et


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XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 13
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 1
al., 2010). Flavone and coumarin derivatives have shown interesting pharmacological properties, and compounds based on these molecules have been found useful in many di erent therapeutic areas including antitumor, anticoagulants, anti-HIV etc. Thus, synthesizing ceramide analogs where the side chain contains these types of moieties has the potential to lead us to more active ceramide analog(s) for use in cancer treatment.
Lashunda Fletcher, Biology Pre-Med Ezinne Agwaramgbo
Yen Tran
Synthesis of Novel Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Stabilizing Agent
Mentor(s):
Dr. Galina Goloverda
Dr. Vladimir Kolesnichenko Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Organic Synthesis
Abstract: Metal oxide nanoparticles have had a profound impact in medical diagnostic, imaging, and drug delivery techniques. Their potential to reduce the invasiveness of many procedures while improving accuracy and sensitivity have been well noted. Their e ectiveness is determined signi cantly by how well the particles are stabilized in solution. To do this, organic ligands
are prepared that coat the nanoparticle in order to (1) aid in their hydrophilicity, (2) prevent aggregation which can lead to embolus formation in the bloodstream, and (3) have a variable chain that can bind to drugs and help deliver them to speci c tissues in the body. Earlier in
our group we explored the ability of 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid to bind to metal oxide surfaces and to stabilize their colloids (Fig. 1). This acid was found superior to the reference salicylic and isophthalic acids, which made it promising for a linker design application. This project explores the novel synthesis of 2,5-dihydroxy isophthalic acid, which has been used as the ligand core that attaches directly to the nanoparticle.
Chandler Golden, Psychological Sciences
Impact of Mortality Salience on Perceptions of Police
Mentor(s):
Dr. Elliott Hammer Department of Psychology
Keywords: Stereotypes, Policing Attitudes, Mortality Salience, Black Lives Matter
Abstract: Past studies have found that Black people have more negative perceptions of police o cers than do White people, partly because of disproportionate rates of police violence against Black people . Black Lives Matter (BLM) formed to address the perceived mistreatment of Black people by police o cers. The present study seeks to examine perceptions of police with terror management theory (TMT). TMT states that when reminded of their mortality, people manage their resulting anxiety by clinging to their existing worldview, resulting in less support to groups perceived as potential threats and support to those that represent safety. After assessing racial


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FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 1
identity and social dominance orientation, we measure the e ect of a mortality salience prime
(vs. control) on perceptions of police and of BLM. We predict that mortality salience will depress Black attitudes about police and enhance them for BLM while the opposite would be true of White people. However, preliminary results have shown a mortality salience e ect causing both White and Black participants to exhibit increased support for the police, with no e ect on attitudes toward BLM. Racial identity should moderate these e ects.
Alaysia Madison, Chemistry
Synthesis of Benzimidazole Molecules: Using Microwave Chemistry
Mentor(s):
Dr. Florastina Payton-Stewart Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Breast Cancer Research
Abstract: Microwave chemistry is a technique used to synthesize chemical compounds at quicker rates and higher controlled temperatures. Organic chemists have begun to relay on microwave chemistry because this method of synthesis is cleaner, faster and convenient. In this present study, we have utilized microwave chemistry to carry out traditional organic reactions, such as nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Recent studies have shown that benzimidazole molecules, such as Celecoxib are e ective anticancer agents. We are proposing to utilize microwave chemistry to carry out a four-step synthesis producing benzimidazole molecules.
The benzimidazole molecules will be evaluated as anticancer agents against triple negative breast cancer cell lines. We will use a Milestone START to carry out step 1: nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction and a CEM Discover SP Microwave step 2: reduction of aromatic nitro
to aromatic amine. The reactions are monitored using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and puri ed using Isco Flash Column chromatography instrument. All products from step 1 were used to carry out step 2 reaction. The products from step 2 will proceed to steps 3 and 4. We have e ectively utilized microwave chemistry to carry out nucleophilic aromatic substitution and reduction reactions in shorter time span and better yields.
Luis Marquez, Psychology
The Impact of Ethnicity and Status on Approchability
Mentor(s):
Dr. Shantoyia Jones Department of Psychology
Keywords: #Social
Abstract: Approachability ratings di erences were examined relative to the in uence of status, in-group out group preferences, and facial expressions. Participants viewed 14 Black and White facial images of neutral and happy Blacks, Latinos, and Whites. Participants tended to prefer to Approach high status faces. These nding suggest African Americans do consider the status of a person when they must decide to approach another individual.


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XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 15
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 1
Wayne Matthews, Music Education
Percussive Rhythm Comprehension in Ear Training or Sight Reading
Mentor(s):
Sr. Jean Marie Craig
Division of Education and Counseling Dr. Douglas Athey
Division of Education and Counseling
Keywords: Percussive Rhythm Comprehension
Abstract: Percussion by nature has been the contrasting member within the family of instruments. By being the only family where percussion has expansive members that join as time evolves, the task in handing out instruction always di ers from person to person. Because of this, the playing of percussion always evolves.
Derrick Mullins, Computer Science
Risk Factor Detection of Cervical Cancer
Mentor(s):
Dr. Kun Zhang
Department of Physics and Computer Science
Keywords: Cancer Research, Data Mining, Public Health
Abstract: Cervical cancer is the fourth-most common cause of death from cancer in women.
In this research, we explore the risk factors for cervical cancer by implementing a data mining pipeline using the R programming language. Our study is performed on a real-world dataset collected at ‘Hospital Universitario de Caracas’ in Caracas, Venezuela. The dataset comprises of demographic information, habits, and historic medical records of 858 patients. A variety of data mining techniques are integrated in the pipeline that includes procedures for dealing with missing values, distribution exploration of the target variable (i.e. Cancer), handling of imbalanced class distribution, and risk factor detection using decision trees. Our empirical results show that, for the studied cohort, the top three risk factors include Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection, Number of Pregnancies and Years of Hormonal Contraceptives. The developed pipeline can be tailored to pinpoint risk factors for other human diseases upon availability of the data.
Rachel Neal, Public Health Sciences
Human Sex Tra cking: A Comparison of the United States of America
Mentor(s):
Dr. Tyra Gross
Department of Public Health Sciences
Keywords: Public Health, Global Health, Women, Young Girls


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FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 1
Abstract: In the Unites States of America there is a federal law that states any minor under the age 0f 18 years of age should not be involved in commercialized sex and if so, this child is a victim of sex tra cking regardless if then. tra cker used force, fraud, or coercion. Similarly across the world in Thailand has become the main source or transit destination for humans to be forced into sex tra cking. However, there are several di erences to how sex tra cking is viewed and attacked by government o cials. In order to eliminate the practice of sex tra cking, I aim to recognize similarities between the U.S.A and Thailand to develop systems and techniques of elimination.
Imari Parham, Biology
KDAC6: Catalytic Domain Substrate Speci city
Mentor(s):
Dr. Terry Watt Department of Chemistry Dr. Tasha Toro Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Biochemistry, Enzymes
Abstract: Lysine deacetylases (KDACs) are enzymes that regulate the post translational modi cation of lysine by acetate. KDACs serve an important role in numerous biological processes as well as diseases such as asthma, diabetes, and certain cancers. Unlike most KDACs, KDAC6 contains two catalytic domains. We hypothesize that the catalytic domains of KDAC6 will catalyze the deacetylation reaction independently, with each domain having several distinct substrates. KDAC activity is detected by uorescence based assays or mass spectrometry. We are studying the activity using in vitro assays and by mutating the KDAC6 gene in HEK293T cells to evaluate changes in acetylated proteins. These assays will allow us to understand the contributions of substrate features and each of the KDAC6 catalytic domains to substrate speci city. The rst catalytic domain is inactive with some substrates of the full length protein, and therefore the catalytic domain 1 of KDAC6 alone cannot reproduce the activity of the full length protein. In combination with the cellular data, these data will result in the identi cation of more substrates for KDAC6 along with the e ects of changes in activity of KDAC6 with proteins in living cells.
Tyjah Sailsberry, Chemistry
Biological Studies of Ceramide Analogs Towards the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Mentor(s):
Dr. Maryam Foroozesh Dr. Tulasi Ponnapakkam Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Cancer Research
Abstract: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women. Chemo-resistance, which remains one of the main obstacles in cancer therapy, is due to prolonged exposure to chemotherapeutics causing the onset of drug-resistant cells. Breast cancer cell lines have been


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XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 17
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 1
used widely to study breast cancer cell biology, to screen new drugs, and to identify pathways leading to suppression of cancer growth and metastasis. Sphingolipid-signaling pathway is considered to be a novel approach to targeting cancerous cells due to numerous ndings suggesting that sphingolipids play important roles in the regulation of cancer pathogenesis and development. Traditional chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapy have been shown to increase intracellular ceramide levels. Ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid, is a powerful tumor suppressor molecule that is thought to induce apoptosis, inhibit proliferation, and induce senescence in cancer cells. Exogenously treating cancer cells with short-chain ceramides also has been shown to lead to anti-cancer e ects. Therefore, targeting ceramide-signaling pathway by activating ceramide down-stream receptors, inhibiting ceramide-metabolizing enzymes, or exogenously increasing the ceramide levels, comprise novel targets for cancer treatment. Our laboratory has synthesized over 40 ceramide analogs with the goal to synthesize analogs with increased antitumor activity, e cacy and speci city compared to endogenous ceramides. As of date, our most potent ceramide analog in in vitro studies has been Analog 315, (S, E)-3-hydroxy- 2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino-N-tetradecylpropanamide. To further test the e cacy of Analog 315 on treating chemo-resistant tumor cells, our laboratory has conducted a pilot in vivo study using human chemo-resistant breast cancer cell line MCF-7-TNR, in nude mice. Treatment with Analog 315 (25 mg/kg/day for 7 days) showed a reduction in tumor size in treated mice. We propose that ceramide analogs with increased antitumor activity represent a potential new class of chemotherapeutic agents.
Yasmine Secrist, Mathematics
Patterns in Perfect Cubes Proved Through Mathematical Induction
Mentor(s):
Dr. Andrew Klimas Department of Mathematics
Keywords: Math Education
Abstract: Inspired by the well known pattern that sums up to perfect squares, Dr. Klimas and
I explored perfect cubes to see if there were also aesthetically pleasing patterns. To prove our work, I used the Principle of Mathematical Induction to prove that these sum patterns equated to the perfect cube. Seeing mathematical induction throughout my college career intrigued me to discover how PMI even came about and how it got its name. Finally, we extended our research to see if there were also patterns in integers raised to the fourth and fth power.
Courtney Smith, Speech Pathology/Audiology
Cochlear Implantation and Expressive Language Development
Mentor(s):
Dr. Elgustus Polite
Department of Speech Pathology
Keywords: Cochlear Implants, Expressive Language, Sign Language, deaf, and children. Abstract: Children with normal hearing have a better chance of acquiring verbal language than


35
18
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 1
infants who aren’t exposed to spoken language at an early age. A considerable amount of the participants had either one or both parents who were deaf or vice versa. This greatly e ected the outcomes during testing. In one of the studies mentioned earlier, it was found that there is a bene cial e ect of earlier implantation on expressive language growth. The main conclusion is that early knowledge of a sign language does not prevent subsequent spoken language development using a CI and that it might well lead to greater success with such development.
Skylar Tate, Public Health Sciences Ayanna Smith
Uncovering Solutions to Breastfeeding Stigma within the Black Community Using the Socio- Ecological Model
Mentor(s):
Dr. Tyra Gross
Department of Public Health Sciences
Keywords: Breastfeeding, Black women, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, Socio- Ecological Model
Abstract: Background:
Black women have the lowest breastfeeding rates in our country, a factor that contributes to higher rates of infant and maternal morbidity.
Purpose:
To uncover solutions to combat breastfeeding stigma within the Black Community using the socio- ecological model.
Methods:
An analysis was conducted using secondary data from a qualitative study on breastfeeding in Black women. Data included transcripts from 11 interviews and 3 focus groups. Participants were recruited from Georgia WIC program. Two student researchers examined transcripts for community-based solutions participants o ered to improve breastfeeding rates and eliminate stigma in the Black community.
Results:
At the individual level, acknowledge the numerous breastfeeding bene ts that are associated for mothers and babies. At the interpersonal level, build a positive breastfeeding environment between immediate family and friends. At the community level, expand continuity of breastfeeding care and employer accommodations when returning to work. At the societal level, promote positive breastfeeding reinforcements within the media.
Conclusion:
Improved breastfeeding support for Black women is needed at each level of the socio-ecological model. Each level provides a di erent approach to developing strategies of promoting a positive breastfeeding environment in the Black Community. These solutions can be used to increase breastfeeding rates among black women.


37
39
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 19
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 1
Yen Tran, Biology Pre-Med Ezinne Agwaramgbo Lashunda Fletcher
Synthesis of Novel Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Stabilizing Agent
Mentor(s):
Dr. Vladimir Kolesnichenko Department of Chemistry Dr. Galina Goloverda Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Organic Synthesis
Abstract: Iron oxide nanoparticles have had a profound impact in medical diagnostic, imaging, and drug delivery techniques. Their potential to reduce the invasiveness of many procedures while improving the accuracy and sensitivity have been well noted. Their e ectiveness is determined signi cantly by how well the particles are stabilized in aqueous solution. To do this, organic ligands are prepared that coat the nanoparticle in order to (1) aid in their hydrophilicity, (2) prevent aggregation which can lead to an embolus formation in the bloodstream, and (3) have a variable chain that can bind to drugs and help deliver them to speci c tissues in the body. Novel synthesis of 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid has been used as the ligand’s coordination moiety that attaches directly to the nanoparticle’s surface. This project’s focus is on synthesis of its functional derivatives with chain substituent that is long enough to provide hydrophilic properties without depressing the nanoparticle’s magnetic e ciency. To this end, oligomeric ethylene oxide and glycerol derivatives are used with various terminal groups that will provide a bioconjugation linkage.
Kensley Villavasso, Public Health Sciences
Mitochondrial Mutations & DNA Repair: Towards Personalized Medicine
Mentor(s):
Dr. Zachary Nagel
Department of Radiology, Harvad University
Keywords: Cancer Research, Environmental Health
Abstract: DNA, the molecule that carries all genetic instructions used for proper functioning and human growth, is consistently damaged by harmful chemicals. Some of these harmful chemicals can be caused by certain cancer treatment reagents, such as radiation and chemotherapy. With the increase in DNA damage the chances of mutations forming in the body is more likely to occur. We have used 9 well-characterized lung cancer cell lines to test for mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Our long-term goal is to use mutations from the mitochondria to assess how environmental factors a ect DNA damage and repair. We have found certain mutations in the lung cancer cell’s mtDNA, and more genes will be tested in the future. This analysis will help lead to an important and better understanding of the relationships among DNA damage, DNA repair, mitochondrial mutations, and cancer risk.


20
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 1
Ashley Williams, Psychology Pre-Med
41
Triggers and Tingles: The In uence of the Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response on Mood
Mentor(s):
Dr. Lisa Schulte-Gipson Department of Psychology
Keywords: Mental Health, Psychology, Social Media, Misophonia, Synaesthesia
Abstract: In a study of over 50 Xavier University students (ages 17-24), the autonomous sensory meridian response was studied as an audio-visual phenomenon. Five di erent sound triggers and associated visual triggers were tested on participants in three formats: (1) solely audio, (2) solely visual, (3) and both audio-visual. As a recently studied phenomenon and relatively young internet movement, the autonomic sensory meridian response has limited research behind it. However, a large growing number of anecdotal accounts of the experience should lead to exploration into the experience and considering the di erent associations ASMR. The several proposed links between ASMR and meditation, owstate, misophonia, synesthesia, and binaural beats can help piece together what ASMR is, in what ways ASMR experiencers di er from those who cannot experience tingles, and in what ways the experience can bene t society. The overall purpose of this study is to investigate how ASMR a ects mood, how di erent triggers di er in intensity, and to measure how ASMR/non-ASMR experiencers di er in personality. Based on the reviewed research it was hypothesized: (1) Both non-ASMR and ASMR experiencers will experience a positive shift in mood when presented a variety of ASMR triggers; (2) Of the big ve personality traits, ASMR experiencers will score statistically signi cantly higher scores on openness-to-experience and neuroticism; (3) Audio-visual ASMR samples will yield statistically signi cantly higher in tingle intensity than other ASMR trigger formats.


2
4
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 21
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 2
Jeremy Cleveland, Public Health Sciences
Starr Villavasso Nutritionally Complete Palatable Diets Intermittent Access Attenuates Alcohol
Drinking and Alters Hypothalamic Neurotransmitter Receptors Gene Expression in Rats
Mentor(s):
Dr. Sunil Sirohi
Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences
Keywords: Behavioral Neuroscience
Abstract: We have recently reported that an intermittent exposure to a nutritionally complete high-fat diet (HFD) reduces alcohol drinking in rats. The present study evaluated central neurotransmitter receptors gene expression to elucidate the underlying neurobiological mechanism of HFD-induced reduced alcohol drinking in male Long Evans rats. We also examined the impact of a high-sugar diet (HSD) on alcohol drinking. Rats (n=6-15/group), received intermittent (24 hrs twice a week on Tue and Thru) access to HFD, HSD or normal chow (controls) for two-weeks. No baseline di erences in the body weight, water, or food intake existed. Normal chow and water were available ad libitum to all rats and food intake was recorded. Following initial two-weeks of palatable diets (PD) exposure, rats were allowed to drink ethanol (20% v/v) on the chow-only access days (Mon, Wed, Fri) and intermittent HFD/HSD cycling continued. Brains were isolated at the end of the study and hypothalamic neurotransmitters receptors gene expression (RT2 Pro ler PCR array) was evaluated. Rats in the PD access groups developed a binge/ compensate pattern of food consumption. A signi cantly reduced alcohol drinking was observed in both Int-HFD/HSD groups compared to chow controls. Hypothalamic expression of muscarinic (Chrm4), GABAergic (Gabra2, Gabrb1, Gabrb3, Gabrg2) and glutamatergic (Gria2) receptors transcripts were signi cantly (p<0.05) increased in the Int-HFD rats compared to controls. These data reveal that a palatable food contingency is e ective in attenuating alcohol drinking and alterations in the central inhibitory neurotransmission may mediate these e ects.
Cory Gettridge, Chemistry
The Synthesis of New Novel CK1δ Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer’s Disease
Mentor(s):
Dr. Jayalakshmi Sridhar Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Casein kinase 1, Inhibitor, Amyloid Plaques, Neuro Fibrillary Tangle
Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in middle to older age people. It is known to have notable symptoms like short-term memory loss, and loss
of intellectual abilities. Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein (P-tau) leads to the aggregation of amyloid plaques, which is the hallmark of AD and several other neurodegenerative disorders. Casein kinase 1δ (CK1) is an isozyme expressed in the brain among the seven known isozymes (α, Î21, Î31, Î32, Î33, δ, and Îμ) that belong to Casein kinase 1 family. CK1δ plays
a major role in ALZ through phosphorylation of the tau protein (associated with microtubules), leading to Neuro Fibrillary Tangle (NFT) formation. Inhibition of CK1δ has been shown to reduce NFT formation and inhibit AÎ2 production.


6
22
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 2
Our recent studies on quinones as kinase inhibitors revealed one such compound that pharmacologically inhibited CK1δ and Pim1 kinase preferentially over CK1Î32 and 98 other human protein kinases. Our goal is to synthesize 6 derivatives of the lead compound 5,8-dihydroxynaphthoquinone. Using the 5,8-dihydroxynapthoquinone, a synthetic scheme was developed to synthesize 6 di erent novel compounds. The new novel derivatives were synthesized and preliminary in-vitro CK1δ kinase inhibition assay have shown the compounds with good potency. Herein, we describe the synthesis and bioassay results of our study.
Indigo Gill, Biology
Association of CETP Polymorphisms with Susceptibility for Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease
Mentor(s):
Dr. Ruei-nian Li
Department of Biological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University
Keywords: Research, Chronic Kidney Disease, Taiwan, Polymorphism
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with aging-related health diseases and an increased risk of all-cause mortality. CKD is a public health concern in Taiwan due to its high prevalence and incidence rates. The prevalence rate in Taiwan is 11.9% for adults and 37.2% among older adults. Adult men in Taiwan have a higher prevalence rate for CKD than women. Due to high prevalence rates as well as increased medical expenses, it is vital that e ective prevention methods are utilized. Recent research supports that some genes may in uence the development of CKD. This study’s gene of interest encodes for the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), which is associated with CKD prevalence. A recent study screened CETP SNPs for Japanese individuals and found a 9.2% increase in the AA genotype among the high-risk group (29.3%) compared to the control group (20.1%). These polymorphisms have not been characterized in
the Taiwanese population. This study aims to screen for the 1061A→G (Ile405Val) polymorphism of CETP in order to infer its association with CKD risk. We hypothesized that more men will carry the AA genotype. We hypothesized that more men will carry the AA genotype. We also predicted that the Taiwanese and Japanese study populations would have similar genotype frequencies
as both are of East Asian region. Genotypes were determined for 103 participants. The methods used to analyze participants’ isolated DNA included PCR, restriction enzyme digestion, and gel electrophoresis. Our results demonstrated that 29, 26, and 48 participants, respectively, carried the AA, AG, and GG genotypes. 19 females and 10 males carried the AA genotype, 16 females and 10 males carried the AG genotype, and 20 females and 28 males carried the GG genotype. 65.5% and 34.5% of Taiwanese women and men, respectively, carried the AA genotype, suggesting that Taiwanese women may be at higher risk for developing CKD. The genotype frequencies for the Taiwanese study did not correlate with that of the Japanese cohort study. Due to the small study population, the study results are not representative of the Taiwanese population. Genotyping a larger study population could be bene cial in drawing more conclusive results.


8
10
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 23
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 2
Linh Ha, Chemistry
Identi cation of New Lead Compound as Casein Kinase 1 δ/Îμ Dual Inhibitor as Potential
Therapeutics for Alzheimer’s Disease
Mentor(s):
Dr. Jayalakshmi Sridhar Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Cancer Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Research
Abstract: CK1 isoforms are involved in the regulation of many di erent cellular processes such as canonical Wnt signaling, DNA damage response, and cell cycle progression. Over stimulation of CK1 isoforms has been linked to the incidence of various types of disorders such such as cancer (CK1R/δ/Îμ), neurodegenerative diseases (CK1δ), and in ammation, the use of CK1 (isoform)- speci c inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in the cure of these diseases. CK1 plays a critical role in Alzheimerâ€TMs disease through phosphorylation of tau, a protein associated with microtubules, which precedes neuritic lesion formation, implicating CK1 in the tau brillization reaction pathway. CK1 has been reported to be associated with pathological accumulation
of tau in several neurodegenerative diseases including AD, Down syndrome, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinsonism dementia complex of Guam. Inhibition has been shown
to reduce brillar lesions and to inhibit A production. We have identi ed N-methyl-4,6- diaminophthalimide compound that inhibited casein kinase 1  andï€ ï¥ï€ by 50% and 70% at a concentration of 10 ïM. The synthesis of derivatives of this lead compound is described.
Sarah Hale, Biology Pre-Med
Preliminary Transcriptome Analysis of Flavopiridol Treatment in a Mouse Ocular Alkali Burn Model
of Neovascularization
Mentor(s):
Dr. Harris McFerrin Department of Biology
Keywords: Alkali Burn, Flavopiridol, Corneal Neovascularization, Bioinformatics
Abstract: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection and replication induce in ammation
and neovascularization in the cornea leading to corneal blindness. HSV infection is the leading cause of viral blindness in the U.S., with nearly 20,000 new cases reported annually. We have demonstrated that 100nM avopiridol (FP) reduces the steps in vascularization: endothelial cell (EC) migration, invasion and tubule formation in vitro. FP also reduced HSV-1 replication in vitro and the clinical pathology and corneal neovascularization in a mouse ocular model of HSV-1 infection. To determine whether FP’s actions in vivo is also due to its e ects on cellular targets, we induced neovascularization in mouse eyes with 0.1N NaOH in the presence and absence of 0.01% FP. Mouse eyes were scored for neovascularization in a masked fashion, and neovascularization was signi cantly inhibited by FP. To determine pathways that were inhibited, RNA was extracted from the cornea and subjected to Next Generation RNA Sequencing Analysis. The combined inhibition of both cellular and viral mechanisms of HSV-1-induced neovascularization is a potential addition to the limited arsenal available for treating the new cases of HSV-1-associated corneal neovascularization diagnosed each year in the U.S. alone.


12
14
24
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS
Dorian Hill, Biology
KDAC4 Speci city and Mechanism
Mentor(s):
Dr. Terry Watt Department of Chemistry Dr. Tasha Toro
Chemistry
Keywords: Biochemistry
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 2
Abstract: Protein post-translational modi cations are reversible or irreversible chemical alterations to proteins that have often been associated with mechanisms of diseases in the human body. Acetylation of lysine is one of the most common reversible post-translational modi cations. Lysine deacetylases (KDACs) are enzymes that reverse acetylation by catalyzing the deacetylation of acetyllysine residues. The identi cation of the substrates of particular KDACs along with
studies regarding KDAC structure and function provide possible therapeutic avenues for disease associated with incorrect lysine acetylation. Previous studies reported that an active site residue
in KDACs is either tyrosine or histidine, and additionally that the identity of this residue alters the enzymatic activity. KDAC4 has a histidine at this position in the active site, has relatively low activity with synthetic substrates as compared to KDACs with tyrosine at this position, and has no veri ed biological substrates. A histidine to tyrosine mutation was performed on KDAC4 (KDAC4HY) and the enzymatic activity increased signi cantly with both synthetic and biological peptide. Wild-type KDAC4 has measurable activity with a small number of peptides derived from proteins known
to be associated with KDAC4 in vivo. We are also investigating in vivo activity between KDAC4
and potential substrates by selective gene editing of human cell lines. Our results will potentially provide the necessary information regarding the e ect of the KDACs and their substrates as it connects to disease, and will further serve as a means of initiating therapeutic measures against the diseases associated with which this mechanism determined.
Jenna Hill, Pharmacy
In-Vitro Evaluation of the Antidiabetic E ects of Co ee as a Natural Inhibitor of Alpha-Glucosidase
Mentor(s):
Dr. Patience Obih
Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences
Keywords: Diabetes, Pharmacology
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S., and a ects over
29 million people. It is a progressive disease, often associated with numerous complications, including retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Oral hypoglycemic medications and other agents such as insulins have been widely used to control Type 2 diabetes, but have undesirable side e ects and are expensive. One class of hypoglycemic agents is alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, which includes commonly prescribed medications such as Acarbose and Miglitol, which act
by delaying the cleaving of polysaccharides, preventing the resulting monosaccharides from entering the blood stream, and subsequently lowering postprandial blood glucose levels. Recent


16
18
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 25
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 2
studies have pointed toward Phytotherapy, the usage of plants or herbs, which have little or no side e ects, to treat hyperglycemia. Investigations of this project involve the exploration of the hypoglycemic e ects of co ee and one of its polyphenols, chlorogenic acid via alpha-glucosidase inhibition. The IC50 was evaluated, as it is the concentration of the extract required to inhibit 50% of α-glucosidase activity. Results showed that more experiments are needed to optimize the approach to assaying the α-glucosidase inhibition of co ee, and to determine if co ee can serve as an alternative for treatment of diabetes.
Kristopher Shaw, Psychology
E ects of a Negative Media Presence on the Stereotype Endorsements of Black People
Mentor(s):
Dr. Wyndolyn Ludwikowski Department of Psychology
Keywords: Media, Prejudice, Stereotype, Perception, Black
Abstract: This project involved evaluating the cause between media and negative stereotype endorsements. The purpose of the research was to see if a cause existed between the two variables, media and stereotype endorsement, and perhaps how and why these causes are formed. It is believed that because of the negative portrayals of minorities in the media, minority groups, speci cally Black people, are viewed as much lesser and more violent beings. To test the hypothesis, participants were selected and involved in an experiment that sought to determine how media a ects attitudes towards Black people. Our research did produce di erent results than previous studies. We found that there is no signi cant result that shows that media is the cause for stereotype endorsements towards Black people. We did not have 30 participants which makes the research illegitimate and we also had exclusively females in the study all but one of which were Black, so that may have caused the scores that do not properly re ect the population.
Josiah Sherman, Biology
Neuroprotection through Inhibition of Phospatases in Diabetic Retinopathy
Mentor(s):
Dr. Partha Bhattacharjee Department of Biology
Keywords: Neuroprotection, Phosphatase, Inhibition, Diabetic, Retinopathy
Abstract: Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a visual complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of visual impairment across the world. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance increase the frequency and progression of DR. Retinal dysfunction associated with DR occurs through progressive neurodegeneration in the retina of diabetic individuals. One cell membrane receptor, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1), typically involved in regulating lipid homeostasis, is critical to repair and/or protection of neurons against hyperglycemia through inhibition of phosphatase enzymes PP2A and PP2B.
Methods: Retinas from 6-8 day-old neonatal C57BL/6 mice were used to prepare pure retinal


20
22
26
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 2
ganglion cell (RGC) cultures via two-step immunopanning. E ects of glutamate, insulin, and phosphatase inhibitors (apoEdp, endothall and cyclosporine A) were studied in vitro and immuno uorescence staining was done to quantitate glucose transporter, neuron-speci c marker, LRP-1, and apoptosis marker.
Results: Phospatase inhibitors and insulin treatment signi cantly increased cell survival in RGCs exposed to glutamate at 100 uM in vitro and increased LRP-1 and GLUT 3 surface localization.
Conclusion: Targeting intracellular phosphatase inhibitors can be a potential therapeutic strategy of neuroprotection in diabetic individuals.
Bianca Smith, Biology Pre-Med
The In uence of The Book of Revelation on Dante’s Inferno
Mentor(s):
Sr. Mary Ann Stachow Department of Theology
Keywords: Apocalyptic Literature, Eschatology, Biblical Literature, Theology
Abstract: The purpose of this research assignment is to analyze the in uence of Dante Alighieri’s Inferno on the Book of Revelation within the New Testament of the bible. Inferno
is the rst part of Dante Alighieri’s 14th-century epic poem Divine Comedy and is followed by Purgatorio and Paradiso. The Book of Revelation, also known as the Apocalypse of John, is a 22-chapter biblical book which explores the concepts of Christian eschatology and apocalyptic themes. The assignment will follow a PowerPoint format in which the main purpose of exploring the similarities and in uences of Inferno on the Book of Revelation with be explored in depth. From the research, it was discovered that not only did the eschatological and apocalyptic elements in uence Inferno, but also a ected Dante Alighieri’s society as well.
Brittany Strauss, Psychology Pre-Med
Anterior-Posterior Insular Segmentation of FreeSurfer Generated Region-of-
Interest
Mentor(s):
Dr. Jeremy Cohen Department of Psychology
Keywords: Functional Neuroscience Research
Abstract: The Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT) of intelligence suggests that a distributed network underlies individual di erences in intelligence and reasoning. The P-FIT model assumes that cognitively salient information is integrated from temporal and occipital regions to the prefrontal cortex. Insular cortex is a central region of the salience network that has been functionally implicated in intelligence and cognitive capacity. Freesurfer was used to collect insular ROI data from 45 individuals aged 7 to 19 (26 Autism Spectrum Disorder, 19


24
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 27
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 2
Typically Developing). Freesurfer insular labels were converted to 3D, imported into Mango, and bisected into anterior and posterior insular regions. There were no signi cant di erences in either verbal or non-verbal IQ between the groups. Right anterior insular volume was positively correlated with non-verbal IQ (r = .349). Right posterior insular volume was positively related to both verbal (r = .317) and non-verbal (r = .376) IQ. Increased rightward asymmetry of posterior insula was also positively correlated with both verbal (r = .383) and non-verbal
(r = .329) IQ. Current structural insular data supports previous ndings of increased insular cerebral blood ow related to increased IQ. Data also supports the role of the salience network within the P-FIT model of intelligence and reasoning.
Tracy Vu, Biology Ashley Vu
Kia Stern
Gas exchange, light harvesting and growth characteristics of cotton thinner ber mutant im and its near isogenic wild type TM-1
Mentor(s):
Dr. Harish Ratnayaka Department of Biology Dr. Hee-Jin Kim
USDA, New Orleans
Keywords: Photosynthesis, Near Isogenic Lines, Cotton, Cotton Fiber Thickness
Abstract: Cotton is the most important source of natural ber to the world market.
Properties of ber thickness in uence the price of raw material and the quality of the nished product. The recessive immature ber (im) gene reduces the ber cell wall thickness. How the im mutation a ects photosynthesis is unknown but important for identifying physiological markers useful in plant breeding e orts to produce cotton varieties of desired ber quality. Thus, we compared leaf gas exchange, light harvesting and growth characteristics of the two near-isogenic cotton lines (NILs), im mutant with thinner ber and TM-1wild type with normal ber thickness in greenhouse. Net photosynthesis were the same in NILs but the stomatal conductance was 27% more in im on the top leaves. However, im maintained 35% greater
net photosynthesis and 46% higher stomatal conductance on the bottom leaves compared to TM-1. Light harvesting properties such as maximum uorescence and photosystem II function were insigni cantly greater in im leaves, in general. In biomass partitioning, im had lower biomass in leaves, stems and roots than TM-1. Total biomass was 17% less in im than TM-1. These ndings indicate that the mutation that causes thinner ber a ects leaf photosynthetic physiology and growth, as well.


UC218 1:15 - 2:15PM
Las ventajas y desventajas de peliculas eles e in eles a su obra escrita
Rhana Menefee
Spanish
No hagan silencio a las mujeres: Obras de Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz y Benito Perez Galddos
Asharee Peters
Spanish and English
La crisis de la mujer en LA CASA DE BERNARDA ALBA y CRONICA DE UNA MUERTE ANUNCIADA
Taylor Bush
Spanish
Escapando de Franco: NADA por Carmen Laforet
Ariana Dirige
Spanish
Plantation Prisoners: Convict Leasing and Black Criminality
Sydney Wessinger
History
The Yugoslavian Coup D’ etat: The Untold History of an American General and Serbian Nationalist Who Saved Mascow
John Tortorich
History
UC218 2:40 - 3:55PM
28
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
Estudios tematicos de literatura hispanica
Mentor:
Dr. Elizabeth Rousselle Department of Languages
Abstract: Four students of Spanish will present outstanding papers they have written for classes about Spanish Women Writers, Spanish American Women Writers, and Film Representations of Hispanic Literature.
COURSE PRESENTATIONS
Historical Perspectives on 20th Century History
Mentor:
Dr. Sharlene Sinegal-DeCuir History Department
Abstract: These represent original student research and writing derived from archival research in the Historic New Orleans collection for the History Senior Thesis.


UC201 2:40-3:55PM
Britten, Isaac – Business/Finances Crook, Arielle – Biology Pre-Med Peters, Asharée - Spanish Walker, Janiece – Biology
UC205 4:00 - 5:15PM
“The Negro Speaks of Rivers” by Langston Hughes
Taylor Perry-Crawford
Psychological Sciences
“With his Venom” by Sappho
Liyah Patrick
Biology
“Happy Endings” by Margret Atwood
Danielle James
Psychological Sciences
“For Colored Girls With 4c Hair” by Kyla Genre Lacey
Sarena Weatherspoon
Communication Studies
Closed Rehearsal
Elizabeth Page
Music & French
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 29 THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
A Performance of Afro-Francophone Folk Tales
Mentor:
Dr. Susan Spillman Languages Department
Abstract: The organizing principle of FREN/SPAN/AADS 4025 is an analysis of selected folk tales from Africa, southern Louisiana, and the Antilles and how they re ect the social, cultural, and economic structures of the cultures from which they sprang. An essential part of the course is performance; each student selects and performs a folk tale at mid-term, and again for a nal project. This presentation is a representative sample of students’ mid-term work.
Performance Studies Lab Student Showcase
Mentor:
Dr. Ross Louis and Dr. Lisa Flanagan Communication Studies Department
Abstract: A program of student performances that have appeared at the Petit Jean Performance Festival and in performance studies courses in 2017-2018.
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
COURSE PRESENTATIONS


Say It Loud
Alyssa Jones
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
Chaddsity Smith
Speech Pathology
Chardonae’ Johnson
Elementary Education
Che Demczuk
Business
UC205C 1:30 - 2:00PM
A New Era in Education
Mark Auduong
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
Nedra Elizabeth Copelin
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
Kyelin Ayanna Knowles
Biology Pre-Med
Anré Robichaux
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
UC205C 1:00 - 1:30PM
UC205C 2:00 - 2:30PM
30
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
Mini-Documentary Film Festival: #MeToo @ XU
Mentor:
Dr. Kimberly Chandler Communication Studies Department
Abstract: In 2006, Tarana Burke founded the #MeToo Movement to help survivors of sexual violence, particularly young women of color from low wealth communities, nd pathways to healing. Using the idea of “empowerment through empathy,” the #MeToo Movement was ultimately created to ensure survivors know they’re not alone in their journey.1 Using issues central to the movement to examine Xavier’s campus climate, Dr. Chandler’s CMST 1010 Fundamentals of Public Speaking courses engaged in experiential learning and engaged research to produce 5-7 minute mini-documentaries.
The Voices of the Silenced
Thomas Dang
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
Algeria Brisbon
Public Health Sciences
Kayla “Nia” Williams
Dual Degree Biomedical Engineering
COURSE PRESENTATIONS


UC205C 2:30 - 3:00PM
The Freaks Come Out at Night?!?
Kayla Williams
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
Sean Pham
Psychology
Ti any Doan
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
UC205C 3:00- 3:30PM
UC205C 3:30 - 4:00PM
Reaching #YOU&METOO
Baylee Schexnaydre
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
Ashley Lagarde
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
Aunjanee Irvin
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
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UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
COURSE PRESENTATIONS
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 31 THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
Victoria Farrow
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
Mia Woodru
Biology Pre-Med
Alyssa Lepine
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
Chelsey Asiedu
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
Amani Kani
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
We Fight Back!
Vanessa Pham
UC205C 4:000 - 4:30PM
#USTOO
Taylor Hunter Accounting
Jordan Nelson
Political Science
Aloni Palmer
Biology
Alexandra Wells
Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy


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1:20 PM
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FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS FRIDAY, APRIL 13TH
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA BUILD SCHOLARS SYMPOSIUM PRESENTATIONS
UC 205 - 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM
Victoria George, Biology Pre-Med
Investigation of lncRNA targets of PAX3-FOXO1 in Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells
Mentor(s):
Dr. Kelly Johanson Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Biochemistry, Cancer, Long Noncoding RNA, Fusion Gene
Abstract: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is pediatric sarcoma in the soft muscular tissue. One of the two major types of rhabdomyosarcoma is alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS). ARMS generally occurs in muscles in the abdomen, arms, and legs. Due to its tendency to grow rapidly, it is a more aggressive form of the cancer that has a higher risk factor than other forms of RMS. The expression of PAX3-FOXO1 in ARMS may contribute to the formation of tumors by inducing tumor growth activities or inhibiting tumor suppressing activities. There are many studies investigating targets of PAX3-FOXO1; some indicate that PAX3-FOXO1 binds to long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), although it is not known if this interaction a ects the expression o ncRNA. One potential target, nuclear-enriched autosomal transcript 1 (NEAT1), contains several putative PAX3-FOXO1 binding sites although changes in PAX3-FOXO1 expression do not appear to alter the expression of this lncRNA. By contrast, we have identi ed several lncRNAs whose expression levels do change as a result of PAX3-FOXO1 but have not been recognized as direct targets. We have also identi ed several di erences in lncRNA expression when comparing ARMS cells to another type of rhabdomyosarcoma cells that do not express PAX3-FOXO1. Currently, we are working to identify lncRNAs whose expression pattern is directly correlated to that of PAX3- FOXO1 and to determine if PAX3-FOXO1 has any e ect on the expression and function of NEAT1. These investigations will help uncover more information about the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of ARMS.
Chelsea Kelland, Biology
Characterizing Mutations at the Kinesin-Microtubule Interface that Cause Hereditary Spastic
Paraplegia
Mentor(s):
Dr. Thomas Huckaba Department of Biology
Keywords: Cell Biology, Neuroscience, and Biochemistry
Abstract: Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) is a set of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by weakness, spasticity, and eventually complete loss of motion in the lower limbs. HSP is caused by mutations in Kif5A, a neuronally enriched kinesin responsible for intracellular cargo transport along microtubules. While 23 HSP-causing mutations mapped
to the motor domain of Kif5A, more than half of these mutations are located in the kinesin- microtubule interface, suggesting a de cit in protein-protein interactions as the mechanistic cause of disease. Our working hypothesis is that mutations at the kinesin-microtubule interface decrease Kif5A’s a nity for the microtubule. To test this hypothesis, we performed biochemical and biophysical studies of recombinantly-expressed Kif5A proteins with HSP-causing mutations in the conserved L11, L12, and a4 regions. First, we performed steady state microtubule
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1:40 PM
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FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 33 FRIDAY, APRIL 13TH
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
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UC 205 - 1:0 PM - 3:00 PM
pelleting assays, as well as surface plasmon resonance analysis to test the a nity of wild type (WT) Kif5A and each HSP-causing mutant protein in the presence of the non-hydrolyzable ATP analog AMPPNP. As predicted, theY276C, K253N, ΔN256, R280L, R280H, and R280C mutant proteins had signi cantly lower microtubule a nity compared to WT. Second, we performed ATPase assays to test the ability of each kinesin to hydrolyze ATP in the presence and absence of microtubules. From these experiments, we noticed a signi cant increase in the productivity of the kinesins between the basal and microtubule stimulated states. Moreover, in the presence of microtubules, we noticed the mutants had signi cantly lower ATPase rates compared to
WT. Finally, we performed microtubule gliding assays to test the motility of WT and mutant kinesins. In standard conditions, none of the mutants could bind microtubules. However, as we decreased the ionic strength of our bu ers, the mutant kinesins regained the ability to bind microtubules. With four of the eight mutants recovering motility, although at a signi cantly lower rate than WT. Collectively, this data supports our hypothesis that HSP-causing mutations at the kinesin-microtubule interface decrease kinesin’s a nity for the microtubule. Our
studies provide insight into the mechanistic changes in Kif5A activity as a result of HSP-causing mutations, as well as information about how separate amino acids in the kinesin-microtubule interface contribute to overall functionality of the protein.
Bria Landry, Psychology Pre-Med
Prominent Respiratory Proteins in Acidiplasma aeolicum as Revealed Using in situ Absorbance
Spectroscopy
Mentor(s):
Dr. Robert Blake
Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences
Keywords: Thermophiles, Mycobacterium, Biochemistry, Euryarchaeota, Electrons, Transport
Abstract: Very little is known about the electron transfer reactions that occur during aerobic respiration on soluble iron by Acidiplasma aeolicum, a member of the Euryarchaeota phylum. We monitored electron transfer reactions among colored cytochromes in intact archaeal cells using an integrating cavity absorption meter that permitted the acquisition of absorbance data in suspensions of intact cells that scatter light. The respiratory chain of Ap. aeolicum
was dominated by the redox status of a cellular cytochrome that had absorbance peaks at
436 and 583 nm in the reduced state. Intracellular cytochrome436/583 was reduced within
the time that it took to mix a suspension of the archaea with soluble iron at pH 1.5 and 45° C. Steady state turnover experiments were conducted where the initial concentrations of ferrous iron were less than or equal to that of the oxygen concentration. Under these conditions, the initial absorbance spectrum of the bacterium observed under air-oxidized conditions was always regenerated from that of the bacterium observed in the presence of Fe(II). The reduced intracellular cytochrome436/583 represented a transient complex whose subsequent oxidation appeared to be the rate-limiting step in the overall aerobic respiratory process. The velocity
of formation of ferric iron at any time point was directly proportional to the concentration of the reduced cytochrome436/583. Initial bioinformatics studies using UniProt revealed that the sequenced genomes of two di erent strains of Ap. aeolicum appeared to code for only one terminal oxidase, which must necessarily be the cytochrome 436/583.


2:00 PM
2:20 PM
34
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS FRIDAY, APRIL 13TH
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA BUILD SCHOLARS SYMPOSIUM PRESENTATIONS
UC 205 - 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM
Tajhshea Walden, Biology Pre-Med
The Use of Recombinant Viruses in the Study of Respiratory Syncytial Virus, In uenza Virus, and
Kaposi Sarcoma
Mentor(s):
Dr. Harris McFerrin Department of Biology
Keywords: Virology, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases
Abstract: Conventional studies of viruses rely on the use of animal models. In these studies, researchers have to lean on observing animal viability, host response, and the euthanizing of animals at numerous time points for tissue collection to assess the e ciency of vaccines and antiviral treatments. Reporter viruses are e ective tools in observing viral infection patterns
in vivo in real time. Bioluminescent imaging of live animal models can provide an alternative approach in which every animal is served as its own control and viral replication is followed over a length of the experiment. Using a reporter virus for bioluminescence imaging decreases the amount of animals required to reach statistical power, animal su ering, and provides insight on the virus replication in di cult to access areas. The use of recombinant viruses provides e cient ways to study therapeutic treatments, vaccines, and cures in living animals.
Brionna King, Biology Pre-Med
Prominent Respiratory Proteins in Ferroplasma acidiphilum as Revealed Using in situ Absorbance
Spectroscopy
Mentor(s):
Dr. Robert Blake
Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences
Keywords: Thermophiles, Archaebacteria, Mycobacterium, Biochemistry, Euryarchaeota, Electrons, Transport
Abstract: Very little is known about the electron transfer reactions that occur during
aerobic respiration on soluble iron by Ferroplasma acidiphilum, an archaeal member of the Euryarchaeota phylum. We monitored electron transfer reactions among colored cytochromes in intact archaeal cells using an integrating cavity absorption meter (ICAM) that permitted the acquisition of accurate absorbance data in suspensions of intact cells that scatter light. The aerobic iron respiratory chain of Fp. acidiphilum was dominated by the redox status of an abundant cellular cytochrome that had absorbance peaks at 583 and 594nm in the reduced state. Intracellular cytochrome583/594 was reduced within the time that it took to mix a suspension of the archaea with soluble ferrous iron at pH 1.5 and 37° C. Steady state turnover experiments were conducted where the initial concentrations of ferrous iron were less than
or equal to that of the oxygen concentration. Under these conditions, the initial absorbance spectrum of the bacterium observed under air-oxidized conditions was always regenerated from that of the bacterium observed in the presence of Fe(II). The kinetics of aerobic respiration on soluble iron by intact Fp. acidiphilum conformed to the Michaelis–Menten formalism, with values for Vmax and KM of 390 ± 4 nmol/min and 2.2 ± 0.1 × 10-4 M, respectively. The reduced intracellular cytochrome583represented the Michaelis complex whose subsequent oxidation
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2:40 PM
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FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 35 FRIDAY, APRIL 13TH
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
BUILD SCHOLARS SYMPOSIUM PRESENTATIONS
UC 205 - 1:0 PM - 3:00 PM
appeared to be the rate-limiting step in the overall aerobic respiratory process. The velocity
of formation of ferric iron at any time point was directly proportional to the concentration
of the reduced cytochrome583/594. Further, the integral over time of the concentration of
the reduced cytochrome was directly proportional to the total concentration of ferrous iron
in each reaction mixture. These kinetic data obtained using whole cells were consistent with the hypothesis that reduced cytochrome583/594 is an obligatory steady state intermediate in the iron respiratory chain of this bacterium. The ability to conduct direct spectrophotometric studies under noninvasive physiological conditions represents a new and powerful approach to examine the extent and rates of biological events insitu without disrupting the complexity of the live cellular environment.
Hassan Owens, Biology Pre-Med
The Utilization of Nucleobase Interactions to Develop Energy and Electron Transfer Systems
Mentor(s):
Dr. Candace Lawrence Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Energy Transfer, Nucleoside Chemistry, Electron Transfer
Abstract: Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two of the many biochemical processes within the biological systems that depend on electron or energy transfers to acquire energy. These systems typically involve simple molecules and use a variety of intermolecular interactions. The work presented here uses the hydrogen-bonded bridge between cytidine
and guanosine to study the e ect of functional group changes on electron and energy transfer systems. Cytidine and guanosine were chosen because there are three non-covalent hydrogen bonds that forms between the two nucleosides, which serves as a model for non-covalent interactions in nature. A succinimidyl ester and an azido group will be added onto cytidine and guanosine and function as energy reporters and tags. Through previous research on a similar base-pairing system, it is known that when the hydrogen-bond bridge of a is perturbed using IR, it halts the electron transfer system. The goal of this research is to now determine if the non- covalent hydrogen-bonded bridge between cytidine and guanosine has a role in energy transfer between the azido and succinimdyl ester groups and if the role di ers from a similar covalent system. Additionally, the excitation of the p bonds in the hydrogen-bonded bridge is expected to have a similar e ect on energy transfer as it did with the electron transfer system. The nding of this information could possibly lead to the discovery of mechanisms that can control energy transfer, which could result in new ways to use and harvest energy. The chemistry presented here shows the synthetic schemes illustrating the attachment of the succinimidyl ester and azido group to both cytidine and guanosine. The synthesized molecules will serve as the energy transfer models.


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FRIDAY, APRIL 13TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 1
Hana Alkhafaf, Biology
Identi cation of Critical Cellular Cargoes Transported by Kinesin
Mentor(s):
Dr. Thomas Huckaba Department of Biology
Keywords: Biochemistry, Cell Biology
Abstract: Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by spasticity and loss of function in the lower extremities. The symptoms are caused by axonal detachment of the longest of our motor neurons in the corticospinal tract. Mutations in the neuronally enriched kinesin, Kif5A, cause HSP by reducing one or more enzymatic properties of the motor. This leads us to hypothesize that the mechanistic cause of HSP is kinesin’s inability to e ectively transport intracellular cargoes to their destinations. In order to test this hypothesis, we rst must identify the subset of cellular cargoes transported by Kif5A. To do this we performed a yeast 2-hybrid screen using the cargo-binding domain of Kif5A as bait and the human brain cDNA library as prey. The screen generated ~1000 positive hits which were identi ed by sequencing. With data sets this large, it is important to lter our candidates for further analysis. We began by performing gene ontology searches to cluster hits by cellular function. We are now generating network interaction diagrams to identify hits that are involved in similar cellular processes. This narrowing of focus will help us identify candidates for further biochemical and cell biological analysis.
Bianca Clark, Public Health Sciences
Wild Hogs: The dangers of pig farms in rural, minority communities
Mentor(s):
Dr. Krista Mincey
Department of Public Health Sciences
Keywords: Public Health Environmental Justice Minorities
Abstract: There has been a signi cant shift in agriculture practices in the United States. Over the last century, the focus has shifted from traditional crops, such as wheat and corn, to commercial livestock. This shift has signi cantly impacted farmers, farm workers, communities near farms including adults and vulnerable children, and the environment. Because of the unique location of concentrated animal feeding operations in eastern North Carolina’s Black Belt, many low-income minorities exposed to air pollution have little to no control of their surrounding environment. Additionally, laws enacted decades ago exempt farms from zoning laws and allow an increased concentration in eastern North Carolina. Upon further research, it is evident that minimal data exists studying the longitudinal e ects of CAFO air pollution on minority youth. Considering the increased prevalence of asthma in African Americans, the environmental exposures from CAFOs must be further analyzed and studied.


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Blaine Derbigny, Chemistry Pre-Med
Synthesis of Monodisperse Dendrimers for Potential Drug Delivery Materials
Mentor(s):
Dr. Stassi DiMaggio Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Polymer Chemistry, Organic Chemistry
Abstract: The potential of Stimuli Responsive Polymers (SRPs) to be developed as drug-delivery materials is just beginning to be fully appreciated. SRPs have great promise in the eld of drug delivery due to their ability to respond to stimuli, such as biological, physical, and chemical. We strive to produce new materials which improve the e ectiveness of SRPs as potential drug-delivery materials by assembling SRPs to a monodisperse dendritic core and comparing cargo-loading abilities against free SRPs in solution. Through synthesizing dendrimer cores by producing methyl protected Bis-MPA with TMP and PENTA cores, we are able to produce various generations of monodisperse dendrimers with precise molecular weights. This is con rmed by 1H NMR and MALDI-To spectroscopy. We are able to quantify the number of terminal groups available for SRP conjugation.
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Dalia El-Desoky, Biology
Neuroprotection via LRP-1 Signaling in the Retina of Diabetic Mice
Mentor(s):
Dr. Partha Bhattacharjee Department of Biology
Keywords: Opthalmic Research, Retinal Ganglion Cell (RGC) Apoptosis, Neurodegeneration, Diabetic Retinopathy
Abstract: Neuronal pathologies in the retina begin before clinically evident vascular abnormalities associated to diabetic retinopathy (DR). Critical barriers to the development of adequate therapeutic strategies for the treatment of DR stem from the lack of information regarding the mechanism of early retinal neurodegeneration and its progression to late vascular abnormalities. While the early loss of neurons remains clinically undiagnosed, color blindness, lack of contrast sensitivity and abnormal electroretinogram characteristic to retinal neurodegeneration are well documented. In fact, diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration precedes vascular damage.
Two hallmark features of retinal neurodegeneration are neuronal (retinal ganglionic cell-RGC) apoptosis and Muller cell (regulator of neuronal homeostasis) hyperactivity. Our studies with genetically modi ed db/db (mimicking human type 2 diabetes mellitus) mouse eye model, suggest a lipid metabolism related signaling pathway involving low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) provides neuroprotection. Our in vivo studies suggest that LRP-1 activation reduces neuronal cell apoptosis in the retina through inhibition of cytoplasmic protein phosphates and regulation of PI3k/Akt and Erk1/2 pro-survival pathways in the retina. Isolating pure RGC cultures for in vitro analysis excluded the e ects of non-neuronal retinal cell regulation, and our recent data suggest that in vitro treatment of RGC using one small peptide (apoEdp) mimicking the LRP-1 binding region of human apolipoprotein E results in reduced glutamate excitotoxicity. We suggest a new therapeutic strategy of reducing neuronal apoptosis in diabetic retina that


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may bene t as an interventional approach to other retinal neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Natalie Faciane, Biology
Feasibility Studies of Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition based drugs in Transdermal Delivery System
Mentor(s):
Dr. Tommy Morris
Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences
Keywords: Transdermal Delivery System, Pharmaceutical Drugs, Pharmaceutics
Abstract: The main problem of drug delivery lies in the penetration of cellular membranes. The development of agents that can cross the epidermis membranes and deliver therapeutic agents through transdermal delivery has attracted favorable increased attention. Transdermal drug delivery o ers advantages over injectable and oral routes by increasing patient compliance and avoiding rst pass metabolism, respectively. However, at present a limited number of marketed transdermal delivery patch dosage forms exist. This is largely due to the challenge of transmitting acceptable levels of drug absorption through the skin. The recent renewed interest in this dosage form is fueled by a number of innovations. Many focus on ways to enhance transport of the drug through the epidermal layer of the skin.
Our current research focuses on the preparation and testing of transdermal patch technology followed by e orts to optimize formulations of meloxicam and celecoxib. Both of these drugs have demonstrated excellent cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme inhibition resulting in analgesic/anti- in ammatory properties.
The objective of this study is to compare in vitro permeability of a preliminary vitro permeability of a preliminary in-adhesive meloxicam patch formulation to a meloxicam topical gel formulation that contains polaxamer 407. The purpose of this work is to generate baseline data from these two dosage forms that will aid our optimization e orts in developing a commercializable topical dosage form of meloxicam and/or celecoxib.
D’Lauren Falkner, Chemistry
E cient Dual-Site Carbon Monoxide Electro-Catalysts via Interfacial Nano-Engineering
Mentor(s):
Dr. Zhe Wang Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Chemical Education, Electrocatalyst, Carbon Dioxide
Abstract: Durable, highly e cient, and economic sound electrocatalysts for CO electrooxidation (COE) are the emerging key for wide variety of energy solutions, especially fuel cells and rechargeable metal−air batteries. Herein, we report the novel system of nickel−aluminum double layered hydroxide (NiAl- LDH) nanoplates on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) network. The formulation of such complexes system was to be induced through the assistance of gold


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nanoparticles in order to form dual-metal active sites so as to create a extended Au/NiO
two phase zone. Bis (tri uoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NTf2) anion of ionic liquid electrolyte was selected to enhance the CO/O2 adsorption and to facilitate electro- catalyzed oxidation of Ni (OH)2 to NiOOH by increasing the electrophilicity of catalytic interface. The resulting neutral catalytic system exhibited ultra-high electrocatalytic activity and stability for CO electrooxidation than commercial and other reported precious metal catalysts. The turnover frequency (TOF)
of the LDH-Au/CNTs COE catalyst was much higher than the previous reported other similar electrocatalysts, even close to the activity of solid-gas chemical catalysts at high temperature. Moreover, in the long-term durability testing, the negligible variation of current density remains exsisting after 1000 electrochemistry cycles.
Alexandra Henry, Speech Pathology
Attitudes Toward Black American Sign Language
Mentor(s):
Dr. Elgustus Polite
Department of Speech Pathology
Keywords: Speech Pathology, American Sign Language, Communication, Education Research, Deaf Studies
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to view how African Americans react toward Black American Sign Language versus American Sign Language. Black American Sign Language (BASL) or Black Sign Variation (BSV) is a dialect of American Sign Language (ASL) used most commonly by deaf African Americans in the United States. The divergence from ASL was in uenced largely by the segregation of schools in the American South. This research will provide a video of American Sign Language and another video of Black American Sign Language, and will be given to African- Americans (who understand sign language) and be critiqued by them. Linguistically, BASL di ers from other varieties of ASL in its phonology, syntax, and vocabulary. BASL tends to have a larger signing space, meaning that some signs are produced further away from the body than in other dialects. The research will answer the question are the attitudes of African Americans positive or negative toward Black American Sign Language.
Tamia Luster, Biology
Berberine Chloride derivatives as potential anticancer agents for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Mentor(s):
Dr. Florastina Payton-Stewart Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Organic Chemistry, Synthetic Chemistry, Cancer Research, Breast Cancer, Triple- Negative Breast Cancer
Abstract: Berberine is an active component in natural extracts from the Phellodendron amurense, has been found to play a role in aggressive forms of cancer. Studies have shown that berberine
is a radiosensitizer of tumor cells but not normal cells, which can lead to treatment of cancers
that target only the tumor cells, leading to less unwanted side e ects. These ndings suggest


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that berberine could be an e ective tool in treating triple negative breast cancer, which severely a ects the African American community. Triple Negative Breast cancer (TNBC) is a form of breast cancer lacks three classic receptors: estrogen, progesterone, and HER2/neu and has a relatively poor prognosis. We hypothesize that structural modi cations of berberine could lead to e ective anticancer agents that are less toxic as well as more e ective and universally available than other cancer treatments1. Analogs of berberine will be designed using molecular modeling. Then, the analogs will be synthesized via the intermediate Tetrahydroberberine, created by the reduction of berberine by sodium borohydride under re uxing conditions1. Following this, analogs such as Ber 2-4 and Ber 2-8 will be synthesized by alkylating the tetrahydroberberine using various alkyl halides. The structural activity and mechanism of action of these analogs will be analyzed.
Macy McNeil, Chemistry Pre-Pharmacy
Superoxide Derived Metal-free Catalysis for Selective Reduction of CO2 to CO at Low Over-potentials
in Aerobic Ionic Liquids
Mentor(s):
Dr. Zhe Wang
Dr. Zhongyuan Huang Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Carbon Dioxide, Ionic Liquid
Abstract: Electroreduction of CO2 using highly selective and e cient processes is the key
point of CO2 utilization. Here we reported an electrocatalytic approach that can be used for
the rational design of CO2 reduction systems with the potential to incorporate any electrodes
in aerobic environments. In this system, CO2 reduction to CO is observed at a very low over- potential, >90% faradic e ciency and near 100% of carbon selectivity. This process is initiated from the electrochemical generation of active radicals, and further CO2 was e ciently
activated through N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) CO2 adducts in 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(tri uoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Bmim NTf2) ionic liquid. Electrochemical and computational results suggest an ECE mechanism. This work o ers a green approach for CO2 reduction under simple and mild conditions and has potential application in a broad range of molecular-material platforms, catalytic systems, as well as biological processes involving O2.
Amenze Omoruyi, Psychology
E cacy of HDAC Inhibitors on Glioma Cells
Mentor(s):
Dr. Mira Jung Department of Oncology
Keywords: Cancer Research, Epigenetics, Glioma Cells, Brain Cancer, HDACs
Abstract: Epigenetic mechanisms have been the focus of cancer research. Histone deacetylases regulate epigenetic mechanisms, including gene expression, and have found to be overexpressed in glioma cells. U87 and U118 glioma cell lines were treated with HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and H6CAHA. The e cacy of these inhibitors was


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determined through cytotoxicity assays. The data show e cacy of HDACi on glioma cells at
IC50 values of 2.78 microM and 1.52 microM for SAHA on U87 and U118 cells, respectively, and values of 2.12 microM and 0.67 microM for H6CAHA on U87 and U118 cells, respectively.The results demonstrate that these compounds inhibit or delay the growth of glioma cells, implicating potential therapeutic drugs for killing glioma cells.
Hailey Phillips, Biology Pre-Med
“Are You Kidney-ing Me?” Ethical Issues in Organ Donation
Mentor(s):
Dr. Thora Bayer Department of Philosophy
Keywords: Health Ethics Organ Donation
Abstract: Health Ethics is a branch of philosophy that concerns the morality and ethics of the medical eld and health professions. One area of the medical eld, in particular, that will always require some sort of ethical discernment, is organ donation. Any time that there is to be an exchange of good between two individuals, there is to be a de ned set of conditions under
which the exchange will take place. When the good to be transferred is an organ, the conditions are understandably more stringent. In my presentation, I will discuss the requirements that are currently in place for organ donation. This will be discussed in the context of a particular case of A.J. Burgess, who was denied his father’s kidney due to the father being incarcerated. This is only one of the many cases where individuals have been denied organs due to the criminal status of the donor. This gives rise to a host of ethical questions, all of which can be discussed in terms of ethical theories. I will discuss these questions and the possible answers in my poster presentation.
Lauren Thornton, Biology
Computational and Biochemical Analysis of Disease-Causing Mutations at the Kinesin-Microtubule
Interface
Mentor(s):
Dr. Thomas Huckaba Department of Biology
Keywords: Biochemistry, Neuroscience
Abstract: Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) is a genetic disease that involves the progressive degeneration of axons in the corticospinal tract. This work focuses on HSP-causing mutations in Kif5A, a neuronally-enriched transport kinesin. Of the known 25 mutations in Kif5A that cause HSP, 12 localize to kinesin’s interface with tubulin subunits based on crystallographic data. Our working hypothesis is that these mutations decrease Kif5A’s microtubule a nity due to altered conformation changes induced by the mutations. To test this hypothesis, we performed molecular dynamics simulations by adding the HSP-causing mutations to the published co-crystal structure of kinesin bound to the alpha-beta-tubulin heterodimer. The results of these simulations predict
a range of altered kinesin conformations. Using recombinantly-expressed puri ed proteins with


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the HSP-causing mutations, we performed microtubule binding assays to test the a nity of
each kinesin construct for microtubules. As predicted, each mutation induces a decrease in the protein’s a nity for microtubules. Finally, we have performed in vitro assays to study the impact of this altered a nity on kinesin motility. These results lend insight both into the ongoing studies of the kinesin-microtubule interface, as well as providing a mechanistic basis for the cause of HSP resulting from Kif5A mutation.
Simone White, Public Health Sciences
Reducing Inequalities in Jamaica
Mentor(s):
Dr. Tyra Gross
Department of Public Health
Keywords: Public Health, Inequalities, Sustainability, Action
Abstract: Jamaica is an island country located in the Caribbean Sea. It has many of the same inequalities present in the United States of America. This study is focused on the UN Sustainable Development Goal #10 which is reducing inequalities. The target area of this study is reducing the speci c inequalities of health and health care, gender, and socioeconomic status in Jamaica. After the review of related literature, a better understanding was gained on some of determinants of these inequalities. Some determinants include income, access to health care, location, and gender. A proposed method to reduce these inequalities is to develop various programs and policies
that can target each inequality determinant individually. It can be hypothesized that if the health determinant is modi ed accordingly, then the related inequality will be reduced over time.
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FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 43
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SESSION 2
Maryssa Bradley, Mechanical Engineering and Physics
Overview of Sun Photometer Measurements of Atmospheric Aerosols at XULA
Mentor(s):
Dr. Morewell Gasseller
Department of Physics and Computer Science
Keywords: Environmental Physics
Abstract: We collected data of aerosol measurements from September of 2017 to February of
2018 and analyzed it’s AOT variants.
Rachel Hitchens, Biology Pre-Med
Innate-like T-cell involvement in skin graft allotolerance
Mentor(s):
Dr. Jacques Robert
URSOMD Microbiology and Immunology Dr. Eva-Stina Edholm
URSOMD Microbiology and Immunology
Keywords: Immunology, Clinical Research, Evolutionary Conservation, Skin Grafting, Amphibian Homologs
Abstract: The role of unconventional innate (i) T-cells in immune responses has recently been a topic of much research. Unlike conventional T-cells, iT cells express a more limited repertoire of T-cell receptor combinations, and thus recognize more conserved antigenic patterns presented
by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) like molecules. In recent years, there has been much research into the role of iT cells in host defense against di erent pathogens. Recently it was discovered that iT cells are not only present in mammals but are also conserved in the amphibian Xenopus laevis. This suggests that iT cells have an evolutionarily conserved biological function. Â While the role of iT cells in amphibian anti-viral immunity has been well established, the role of iT cells in skin graft rejection has yet to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to quantify the involvement of iT cells in allogeneic skin graft rejection in Xenopus laevis. This was accomplished by transplanting skin from the ventral surface of three outbred donor frogs to nine di erent outbred recipient frogs. At 1, 3 and 6 days post grafting, the donor skin was recovered from 3 frogs (one from each donor frog) and frozen in Trizol. Then, cDNA was synthesized and a qPCR was performed rst using GAPDH gene primers, a housekeeping gene. Then, cDNA synthesis and qPCR was performed using iVa45 gene primers to identify the presence of this particular iT cell rearrangement and thus, iT cell in ltration. Although GAPDH was present in the samples, there was no signi cant change in the expression of the iVa45 rearrangement between in the skin pre- and post-transplantation. This suggests that iVa45 type iT cells are not involved in mediating early stage skin graft rejection.


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FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS
SESSION 2
Lee Metoyer, Chemistry
Dante Mbunwe Computational Studies of 1,2-Diols
Mentor(s):
Dr. Kathleen Morgan Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Organic Chemistry, Computation, Diols
FRIDAY, APRIL 13TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
Abstract: 1,2-Diols are frequently found in biological molecules, and this structural motif is also present in carbohydrates. Our main objective is to study the importance of substituents on the structures and energies of simple 1,2-diols such as 1,2-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol (chiral and meso forms) and 1,2-propanediol. All low-energy conformations of the diols were calculated, and the in uence of the substituents on the relative energies of the conformations was determined. The structural information obtained from the simple diols included bond lengths, bond angles and dihedral angles. Crystalline diols found in nature and the structures they adopt will be compared to the structures generated from calculations. E orts to obtain complementary experimental data are also discussed.
McKenze Moss, Chemistry
Evaluation of Cell-Free DNA as a Correlate of Malaria Severity
Mentor(s):
Dr. Kami Kim
Department of Infectious Disease, University of South Florida
Keywords: Malaria Research
Abstract: Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum
and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female mosquitoes (WHO, 2017). Sub-Saharan African countries account for majority of the reported cases of Malaria and is responsible for the most malaria-related deaths globally. Symptoms of mild malaria consist of fever, headaches and other u-like symptoms. Cerebral malaria is characterized by factors such as high parasite burden, seizures, and coma (Idro MD, 2005). Children, between the ages of 6 months and 12 years, in Blantyre, Malawi with uncomplicated malaria (UM) and cerebral malaria (CM) were recruited. Children with CM were given an ophthalmology exam to test for retinopathy. In this study, we attempted to develop an assay that would quantitate the total cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from the patients’ blood plasma using two di erent methods. Total WBC count and parasite cfDNA correlate with malaria severity. We hypothesize that plasma cfDNA (from WBC +/- parasites) may also correlate with severe malaria.


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FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 45
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
FRIDAY, APRIL 13TH
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 2
Tuong Vy Nguyen, Psychological Science
The Association between Non-Native Accents, Perceived Discrimination, and Depression among
Vietnamese Americans
Mentor(s):
Dr. Elliott Hammer Department of Psychology
Keywords: Mental Health, Language, Immigrants
Abstract: At a time of heightened hostility toward immigrant groups, language accents can be
a precarious indicator of group membership. Past research on language has focused primarily
on language ability or pro ciency rather than accents. However, the experiences of Vietnamese Americans with non-native accents and its associated stigmatization are important because these individuals are at risk for discrimination and consequently poor mental health. In the current study, Vietnamese Americans at churches, temples, and supermarket respond to measures of their perceived experiences and identity in their choice of English or Vietnamese. We predict that perceived discrimination will mediate the relation between non-native accent and negative mental health outcome. Further, we predict that high ethnic identity and a bi-cultural worldview will bu er the negative e ects of perceived discrimination on depressive symptoms among Vietnamese Americans. These ndings should inform the literature on the experiences of ethnic minorities, especially immigrant communities.
Corey Todd, Pharmacy
The Impact of Health Disparities on Cancer Screenings in South America: A Review
Mentor(s):
Dr. Margarita Echeverri
Division of Clinical and Administrative Sciences
Keywords: Cancer Research, South America, Health Disparities, Public Health, Health and Wellness
Abstract:
Background: South American countries are struggling to respond to increasing morbidity and death from cancer due to inadequate and inequitable distribution of funding, resources, services, and equipment that favor wealthy, urban populations; as well as lack of adequate care based on ethnic and genetic factors.
Rationale: Increasing e orts towards prevention of cancer and avoidance of disease progression will reduce su ering and mortality and will make overall cancer care more a ordable.
Objective: (1) provide an overview of current geographic patterns of cancer incidence and mortality, (2) review the current status of disease control throughout South American countries, and (3) describe the burden of cancer as a health disparity in the region.
Methods: Pooling articles with data analyses from 48 population-based registries in 13 countries and nation-wide cancer deaths from the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database for 18 countries.


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FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS
THURSDAY, APRIL 12TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 2
Results: The geographic variation of cancers, speci cally breast and colorectal cancer, is increasing due to likely di erences in the prevalence of early detection programs. Low prevalence of early detection programs stems from inequalities in cancer registries, healthcare access/ coverage, limited funding, and inadequate infrastructure.
Conclusions: Resource-dependent interventions to prevent, early diagnose, and treat cancer due to these issues remain an urgent priority.
Meagan Walker, Psychology Pre-Med
Determination of Corporal Punishment: The Link Between and Morality
Mentor(s):
Dr. Elliott Hammer Department of Psychology
Keywords: Psychology Research, Personality Correlations
Abstract: Corporal Punishment, (CP), has several di erent values and meanings from each person especially in reference to severity, when it is necessary, and who would use it. Past research has
a wide range of opinions including biblical references, opinions from the di erent age groups on what they think is the right answer and research solely based on the e ect of race on the topic. Research suggests that those people who have had childhood experience, especially in African American communities, will tend to use more CP than those of other races. Despite corporal punishment being more frequently used, there are studies that show the negative connotation of it. Past research discusses people’s exposure to corporal punishment and how it leads to a person becoming more prone to abuse whether emotionally or physically. It is never truly discussed when someone thinks it is a good time to use it and who exactly will deciding whether to use CP or not. This current study is about picking out a trend, using the Big Five OCEAN Personality Scale that
to be able to specify who among females decides to use corporal punishment rather than verbal punishment, and also in which situations.
Timothy A. Ambrose Jr., Political Science
“The Elements of A Smart Guy’s Longevity”
Mentor(s):
Dr. Pamela Waldron-Moore Political Science Professor
Keywords: (Linear Regression, Quantitative Analysis, Factor Analysis, Model Summary)
Abstract: The life expectancy for males on the international level is constantly changing, and
now it is slowly decreasing. Typically, in some societies where the men are more intelligent their life expectancy increases; however, it has become more common to see young men drop out
of school and lose hope for life at that turning point. Within this report, I have constructed a prediction of the impact that independent variables have on a dependent variable at the individual level of a multivariate regression analysis. These variables include: Income, Males Who Read, Male


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1:25PM
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 47 FRIDAY, APRIL 13TH
Caloric Intake and Male Life Expectancy. This research is aimed at understanding what variables have a positive impact on male life expectancy. In addition, this research will clarify how strongly each individual independent variable has impacted the dependent variable. Conclusively, this project will serve as a foundation on which we can build solutions to increase male life expectancy in our communities.
Taylor Perry Crawford, Psychology
The Relationship of Stress and Depression in Children of Incarcerated Family Members
Mentor(s):
Dr. Elizabeth Yost Hammer Department of Psychology
Keywords: Psychology, Incarceration, Stress, Depression, Family
Abstract: Minimal research has been conducted on how incarceration a ects the psychological structure of a family. Therefore, I would investigate the relationship of stress and depression
in children of incarcerated family members. To analyze speci c factors that might heighten stress and depression levels, I examined zero tolerance policies, income, and incarceration speci c experiences. My sample consists of 45 students from Xavier University of Louisiana.
I hypothesized that income status, school policies, and incarceration speci c experiences will bolster higher stress and depression levels with children of incarcerated family members in contrast to children without incarcerated family members. Using a personal questionnaire, Ry ’s Psychological Well-being Scale, and the Incarceration Speci c Risk Index, my ndings found no correlation with stress, depression, income, school policies, and incarceration speci c experiences. My ndings indicated that these speci c factors do not a ect the stress and depression levels of children of incarcerated family members.
Andre Morgan, Jr., Communication Studies
Performing Resistance in the Big Easy: Social Justice and the African American GLBTQ Community in
New Orleans
Mentor(s):
Dr. Kimberly Chandler
Department of Communication Studies
Keywords: Gender, LGBTQ, African American, Resistance, Social Science,
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify how the African American LGBTQ community perform resistance in New Orleans. Using performativity as a theoretical framework, this project focuses on distinctive ways the community do gender as it relates to generating social change. Thematic analysis represents the method that will be implemented to examine focus groups. Ultimately, through highlighting aspects of the community’s lived experiences, we hope to demonstrate how their performances serve to subvert social conventions.
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
ORAL PRESENTATIONS


1:50PM
2:15PM
2:40PM
48
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS FRIDAY, APRIL 13TH
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
Precious Smith, Mass Communication
Colorism
Mentor(s):
Dr. Shearon Roberts
Department of Mass Communication
Keywords: Teaching Tolerance
Abstract: Oral/ PowerPoint presentation of the impact colorism has on our society. Includes a creative poem distinguishing between the concept of light and dark and understanding and appreciating the di erences.
Mya Bolds, Biology Pre-Med
Reduce and Re-use Recycling Benchmark Strategies at Xavier University of Louisiana
Mentor(s):
Dr. Latonia Viverette-Batiste
Department of Facility Planning and Management
Keywords: Recycling Research
Abstract: Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) are at the forefront of a growing momentum for action on climate change, sustainability and resiliency. Globally colleges are exercising leadership and meeting a social mandate to create a thriving, healthy communities by modeling ways to reduce or eliminate the impacts of climate change, creating living classrooms on campuses, integrating sustainability principles into curricula, and educating and preparing students for emerging jobs in the clean energy economy. This presentation examines the growing role of
IHEs in a low-carbon, clean energy economy, and: (1) provides examples of innovative strategies and practices used by IHEs to address climate change, environmental stewardship, and recycling strategies; and (2) explain the current campus recycling process.
Camri Eaton, Pharmacy
Synthesis of Liver X Inducers
Mentor(s):
Dr. Florastina Payton-Stewart Department of Chemistry
Keywords: Cancer research
Abstract: Liver X Receptors (LXR) have been proven to show e ectiveness in ovarian cancer by suppressing proliferation and inducing cell death. Our research has shown that a known inverse agonist of the LXR, T0901317,has great a nity for the receptor. The skeleton used to derive a possible new LXR agonist is the phytochemical berberine because of its anti-tumorgenic, anti- cancer, and anti-viral properties. We have identi ed a key functional group on the known agonist


3:05PM
3:30PM
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS 49 FRIDAY, APRIL 13TH
and planned a synthetic scheme to place that group onto berberine. The addition of this new functional group has shown to increase the binding a nity of the berberine compound to a value even better than the known agonist.
Methods: We will use traditional organic chemistry and microwave chemistry to synthesis LXR inducers. We will evaluate the biological activity biological activity using molecular biology.
Andrene Johnson, Psychology
The Relationship between Neglectful Parenting and Social Anxiety, Resilience, and Coping Skills in
African American Adolescents.
Mentor(s):
Dr. Elizabeth Yost Hammer Department of Psychology Emily Riewestahl
Keywords: Neglectful Parenting, African American, Social Anxiety, Resilience, Coping
Abstract: I aim to study the relationship with neglectful parenting in African American adolescents because African Americans are often overlooked, and the problems that African Americans experience concerning mental health are just as real as everyone else’s, if not more justi ed due to everything that has been in icted upon them since rst being brought to America. Conducting this study on college students will reveal their mental health capacities soon after leaving adolescent years. Taking everything into consideration concerning factors revolving around social anxiety, resiliency levels, and coping skills in African American adolescents subject to neglectful parenting styles, I hypothesize that:
1. African American adolescents subject to neglectful parenting styles will display higher levels of social anxiety than AA adolescents subject to other parenting styles.
2. African American adolescents who were subject to neglectful parenting styles will report higher levels of resiliency than AA adolescents subject to other parenting styles.
3. African American adolescents subject to neglectful parenting styles will have poorer coping skills and practice emotion-focused coping more than AA adolescents subject to other parenting styles.
(Study has not yet been conducted.)
Kevionta Wilson, Biology
Butt Out: A literature review on smoking during pregnancy in WIC participants
Mentor(s):
Dr. Tyra Gross
Department of Public Health Sciences
Keywords: Public Health, Smoking Cessation, Maternal Health, Child Health, Pregnant Women
Abstract: Background: Despite the strong evidence of harmful e ects of tobacco use during pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy continues to be a threat to maternal and child health. Many women do spontaneously quit smoking cigarettes when they learn they are pregnant, yet 1 in
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
ORAL PRESENTATIONS


50
FESTIVAL of SCHOLARS FRIDAY, APRIL 13TH
XAVIER
UNIVERSITY of LOUISIANA
10 women have reported smoking during the last 3 months of pregnancy. The USDA Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is a public nutritional assistance program for low-income pregnant and postpartum women and their children from birth to age ve.
Purpose: The purpose of this literature review is to identify and assess research on smoking in the WIC population with the goals of informing future interventions.
Methods: A PubMed search was conducted using keywords WIC AND Smoking OR Tobacco. Limits were articles had to be published in English and in the past 10 years.
Findings: Of the 11 papers currently reviewed, 4 discuss smoking behaviors, 5 discuss interventions (i.e. SMART, Babies Living Safe & Smokefree, Baby & Me Tobacco Free, Implementing the 5As), and 3 discuss environmental changes
Conclusion: The studies collected demonstrate diversity perspectives of how to educate and empower WIC participants to promote smoking cessation.
ORAL PRESENTATIONS