ALL ABOUT SUBSTANC E ABUSE NUR SYAFIQAH NATASYA BINTI MOHAMAD SALLEH S71048 MISS NURUL ATIQAH AB RAJI SMK3233, SUBSTANCE ABUSE COUNSELING INDIVIDUAL REPORT, SCRAPBOOK :
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE 1. 2.REASONS OF DRUGS ABUSE 3.TYPES OF DRUGS 4.SYMPTOMS OF DRUG ABUSE 5.EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE 6.PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
INTRODUCTION Definition of substance abuse : Use of alcohols or drugs. It is a substance that can harm and give negative effects on individuals psysiological, social or occupational functions. The use of illegal drugs or alcohol for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used, or in excessive amounts. Once taking the drugs, the individuals will lead to addiction, Substance addiction (or drug addiction) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by a recurring desire to continue taking the drug despite harmful consequences.
Reasons Social: Peer pressure, especially during adolescence and young adulthood can influence individuals to experiment with drugs. Beside, curiosity with drugs also can make them fall into this field. Social norms within certain groups or communities may also allow or even encourage drug use, making it seem acceptable or desirable. Environment: Family dynamics and upbringing can significantly impact drug abuse behavior. Children of parents who abuse drugs or alcohol are at a higher risk of developing substance abuse problems themselves due to genetic predispositions, learned behaviors, or exposure to a chaotic or neglectful home environment. Psychological Dependence: Over time, repeated drug use can lead to psychological dependence, where individuals feel a strong compulsion to use drugs despite negative consequences. This dependence can be driven by factors such as cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and the need to escape from reality. of drugs abuse
Types of drugs Dr u g s c an b e c l a ssifi ed int o s e v e r a l c a t e g o r i e s b a s ed on t h e i r e ff e c t s on t h e b ody and mind, a s we ll a s t h e i r l e g a l s t a t u s. He r e a r e s ome c ommon t y p e s o f dr u g s: Stimulants Depressants Opioids Hallucinogens Major substance of addiction
E X P L A N A T I O N Depressants Stimulants Opioids Hallucinogens -Alcohol (heavy drinking can cause of damage brain function) *The most abuse moodaltering effect, example ; ethanol ethyl -Nicotine (used to dress wound, pain killer to toothache) *Speed up the messages travelling between brain and body, example ; cigarettes bidis smokeless tobacco -Morphine (a natural substance extracted from the seed pod of various opium poppy plants) *Most abundant and potent and common forms in; tablets liquid capsule -Ecstasy (an empathogen, which increases an individual’s feeling of empathy and compassion towards other) *Psychoactive drugs and effects emotion of individuals, example ; self-control temporary loss of consciousness
SYMPTOMS OF DRUGS ABUSE p h y sic a l s y m p t o m s Sudden weight loss or weight gain. Changes in appetite, either increased or decreased. Dilated or constricted pupils. Frequent illness or infections. Changes in sleep patterns, such as insomnia.
SYMPTOMS OF DRUGS ABUSE b e h a vio u r a l s y m p t o m s sudden changes in mood, such as aggressive. Decreased interest in hobbies and social activities. Isolation from friends and family. Legal problems, such as arrests for drug-related offenses. Engaging in risky behaviors
SYMPTOMS OF DRUGS ABUSE p s y c h o l o gic a l s y m p t o m s Anxiety or paranoia. Depression or mood swings. Memory problems or cognitive impairment. Hallucinations or delusions. Suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE The effects of drug abuse can vary depending on factors such as the type of drug, the frequency and duration of use, the individual's health status, and other personal circumstances.
c ommo n e ff e c t o f d r u g s Physical Health Effects: Drug abuse can lead to numerous health problems, including liver damage, cardiovascular issues, respiratory problems, and neurological damage. Injecting drugs also increases the risk of infections such as HIV and hepatitis. Mental Well-being: Substance abuse can exacerbate or lead to mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, psychosis, and cognitive impairment. Long-term drug use can also alter brain chemistry, leading to addiction and dependency. Relationship Issues: Drug abuse often strains relationships with family and friends, leading to conflicts and breakdowns in communication. Individuals may become isolated from their support networks, further exacerbating mental health issues. Society: Maintaining a drug habit will cause undevelopment of country and instability of economy. This will effect the society in the result, many people loss job, divided and fights happen often.
prevention Education and Awareness: Providing education about the risks and consequences of drug abuse can help prevent substance use before it starts. This includes school-based prevention programs, community outreach initiatives, and public awareness campaigns. Early Intervention: Identifying and intervening with individuals at risk of drug abuse early can prevent the escalation of substance use. This can involve screening programs in healthcare settings, as well as targeted interventions for at-risk populations such as adolescents and young adults. Promotion of Protective Factors: Building protective factors such as strong family bonds, positive peer relationships, and healthy coping skills can reduce the likelihood of drug abuse. Programs that strengthen family relationships, promote social skills development, and provide opportunities for positive youth engagement can be effective in this regard. Restricting Access to Drugs: Implementing policies and regulations to restrict access to drugs can help prevent substance abuse. This includes laws regulating the sale and distribution of drugs, as well as efforts to reduce the availability of illicit substances.
treatment Behavioral Therapies: Various behavioral therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), contingency management, and motivational interviewing, are effective in treating substance abuse disorders. These therapies help individuals identify and change patterns of thinking and behavior related to drug use. Support Groups and Peer Counseling: Support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) provide peer support and encouragement for individuals in recovery. Peer counseling programs can also offer valuable support and guidance from individuals who have successfully overcome addiction. Aftercare and Relapse Prevention: Continuing care and support are essential for maintaining recovery after treatment. Aftercare programs may include ongoing therapy, support group participation, vocational training, and assistance with housing and employment. Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT): MAT combines medications with behavioral therapies to treat substance use disorders. Medications such as methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone can help reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms, allowing individuals to focus on recovery.