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Definitions Note carefully the spelling, pronunciation, part(s) of speech, and
definition(s) of each of the following words. Then write the word
1. antics in the blank space(s) in the illustrative sentence(s) following.
(an' tiks) Finally, study the lists of synonyms and antonyms given at the
end of each entry.

(n. pl.) ridiculous and unpredictable behavior or actions

The of the chimpanzees
amused the crowds at the zoo.

SYNONYMS: pranks, shenanigans

2. avowed (adj., part.) declared openly and without shame, acknowledged
(a vaucl')
The governor was an supporter

of the plan to aid public libraries throughout the state.

SYNONYMS: admitted, sworn
ANTONYMS: unacknowledged, undisclosed

3. banter (v.) to exchange playful remarks, tease; (n.) talk that is playful
(ban' tar) and teasing

There is nothing my friends and I enjoy more than to
good-naturedly for hours.

Casual helps to pass the time
during a long journey.

SYNONYMS: (n.) joking, raillery
ANTONYM: (n.) serious talk

4. bountiful (adj.) giving freely, generous; plentiful, given abundantly
(baOrit' i fal)
On Thanksgiving Day, people all over America celebrate the

gifts of nature.
SYNONYMS: liberal, abundant, copious
ANTONYMS: scarce, scanty, in short supply

5. congested (adj., part.) overcrowded, filled or occupied to excess

(kan jest' id) The doctor grew very concerned when the patient's lungs

became with fluid.
SYNONYMS: jammed, packed, choked
ANTONYMS: uncluttered, unimpeded

6. detriment (n.) harm or loss; injury, damage; a disadvantage; a cause of
(det' ra mant) harm, injury, loss, or damage

The home team survived a six-game losing streak with

almost no to its standing

in the league.

SYNONYMS: hindrance, liability
ANTONYMS: advantage, help, plus

28 s Unit 2

I ) Hear the words for this Unit pronounced, defined, and
used in sentences at www.vocabularyworkshop.com .

7. durable (adj.) sturdy, not easily worn out or destroyed; lasting for a long time;
(dOr' a bal) (n. p1.) consumer goods used repeatedly over a series of years

8. enterprising Denim is a very kind of fabric.
(ent' ar prT zio)
Most people own household
9. frugal such as furniture and appliances.
(fru' gal)
SYNONYMS: (adj.) long-lasting, enduring
10. gingerly ANTONYMS: (adj.) fragile, perishable, fleeting, ephemeral
(jin' jar le)
(adj.) energetic, willing and able to start something new; showing
11. glut boldness and imagination
(glat)
An young person may turn a
12. incognito hobby into a way of earning money to pay for college.
(in kag ne' to) SYNONYMS: vigorous, ambitious, aggressive, audacious
ANTONYMS: lazy, indolent, timid, diffident

(adj.) economical, avoiding waste and luxury; scanty, poor, meager

At home, we usually prepare
but nourishing and delicious meals.
SYNONYMS: thrifty, skimpy
ANTONYMS: wasteful, improvident, lavish, extravagant

(adj., adv.) with extreme care or caution

Difficult and demanding customers should be handled in a
and courteous manner.

Pedestrians made their way
along the slippery, snow-covered streets.
SYNONYMS: (adv.) cautiously, warily, circumspectly
ANTONYMS: (adv.) firmly, confidently, aggressively

(v.) to provide more than is needed or wanted; to feed or fill to the
point of overstuffing; (n.) an oversupply

Hollywood studios theaters

with big-budget action movies during the summer season.

When there is a of gasoline

on the market, prices at the pump may drop dramatically.

SYNONYMS: ( V.) flood, inundate; (n.) surplus, plethora
ANTONYMS: (n.) shortage, scarcity, dearth, paucity

(adj., adv.) in a disguised state, under an assumed name or
identity; (n.) the state of being disguised; a person in disguise

Just before the battle of Agincourt, Shakespeare's King Henry V
prowls through his camp

In a way, makeup artists are practitioners of the fine art of

ANTONYM: (adj.) undisguised

Unit 2 s 29

Hear the words for this Unit pronounced, defined. and

0) used in sentences at www.vocabularyworkshop.com

13. invalidate (v.) to make valueless, take away all force or effect
(in val' a dat)
Lawyers will try to the contract.

SYNONYMS: cancel, annul, disapprove, discredit
ANTONYMS: support, confirm, back up, legalize

14. legendary (adj.) described in well-known stories; existing in old stories
(lej' an der e) (legends) rather than in real life

Ajax was one of the Greek
heroes who fought before the walls of Troy.
SYNONYMS: mythical, fabulous, famous, celebrated

15. maim (v.) to cripple, disable, injure, mar, disfigure, mutilate
(mam)
Each year, falls thousands
of people, some of them for life.

16. minimize (v.) to make as small as possible, make the least of; to make
(min' a miz) smaller than before

Whenever you are in a car, you should wear your seatbelt

to the risk of injury in an
accident.
SYNONYMS: belittle, downplay, underrate
ANTONYMS: magnify, enlarge, exaggerate

17. oblique (adj.) slanting or sloping; not straightforward or direct

(o blek') The boxer's blow left his
opponent unscathed.

SYNONYMS: diagonal, indirect
ANTONYMS: direct, straight to the point

18. veer (v) to change direction or course suddenly, turn aside, shift, swerve
(ver)
The huge storm finally out
to sea, leaving much destruction in its wake.

19. venerate (v.) to regard with reverence, look up to with great respect
(yen' a rat)
In a number of religions, it is customary for people to
saints and martyrs to the faith.

SYNONYMS: worship, revere, idolize
ANTONYMS: despise, detest, ridicule, deride

20. wanton (adj.) reckless; heartless, unjustifiable; loose in morals;
(want' an) (n.) a spoiled, pampered person; one with low morals

The gas chambers at Auschwitz are a grim testimony to the
cruelty of the Nazis.

The main character in the popular miniseries was a

charming but heartless
SYNONYMS: (adj.) rash, malicious, spiteful, unprovoked
ANTONYMS: (adj.) justified, morally strict, responsible

30 s Unit 2

Completing From the words for this unit, choose the one that best
the Sentence completes each of the following sentences. Write the
word in the space provided.

1. An inability to get along smoothly and effectively with other people will be a great
to you in any career you may choose.

2. Even the most materials will in time be worn away by
flowing water.

3. Although he had been severely in the automobile accident,

he was determined to return to his job and lead a normal life.

4. Instead of walking straight from the farmhouse to the road, we set off in a(n)
direction across the field.

5. I would never have expected members of the senior class to take part in such
childish

6. We admired the immigrant who set up a small shop and

developed it into a large and prosperous business.

7. We desperately needed every bit of help we could find, but what we got was a(n)
of advice and a scarcity of cold cash.

8. We should be willing to share our food supplies with less
fortunate people in other parts of the world.

9. In American law, the fact that the person accused of a crime is poor does not
his or her right to adequate legal representation.

10. To avoid the children in the street, the truck sharply to the
right and sideswiped several parked cars.

11. Isn't it strange for a(n) music lover to show no interest in our
school orchestra?

12. The vandals broke windows, overturned desks, and left the school a scene of
destruction.

13. Although she tried to cover it up with lively , I could see that
her feelings had been deeply hurt.

14. Since I was afraid of banging my bare feet against the furniture, I walked through
the darkened room very

15. What a change from the streets of the inner city to the wide-
open spaces of the Great Plains!

16. Although his income was small, his living habits enabled
him to save a large sum of money over the years.

17. The film star traveled in order to avoid the attentions of her
adoring fans.

Unit 2 s 31

18. As Americans, we the great ideals of human freedom
expressed in the Bill of Rights.

19. While I do not wish to alarm you, I will not the danger if you
refuse to have the children vaccinated.

20. Davy Crockett was a real person, but so many tall stories have been told about him

that he has become a(n) figure.

Sy nony Choose the word from this unit that is the same or most nearly
the same in meaning as the boldface word or expression in the
given phrase. Write the word on the line provided.

1. the child prodigy's celebrated talent
2. laughed at the shenanigans of the comedian
3. swerved to avoid a pothole
4. cared for those injured in the fire
5. a sworn opponent of higher taxes
6. stuck with a surplus of zucchini
7. joked with my teammates after the game
8. underrated the importance of the discovery
9. made ambitious plans for the company
10. revere the writings of Shakespeare
11. a need to remain disguised
12. malicious damage to public property
13. an indirect reference to an embarrassing event
14. received copious praise for their work
15. a serious liability to my future plans

Antonyr>rs Choose the word from this unit that is most nearly opposite in
meaning to the boldface word or expression in the given phrase.
Write the word on the line provided.

16. the uncluttered aisles of the supermarket
17. a garment made of a very fragile fabric
18. confirm the results of the election
19. stepped confidently into the mountain lake
20. served the guests a lavish meal

32 s Unit 2

Choosimj the Circle the boldface word that more satisfactorily completes each
Right Ward of the following sentences.

1. As a(n) (avowed, gingerly) supporter of women's rights, she believes that men and
women should receive the same pay if they do the same jobs.

2. We are grateful for the (frugal, bountiful) legacy that our great artists and
composers have given us.

3. Why do you suppose someone whose face is known all over the world would want
to travel (obliquely, incognito)?

4. I will not try to (minimize, banter) the difficulties we face, but I am sure that we can
overcome them by working together.

5. Children may be (maimed, avowed) in spirit as well as in body if they do not
have a secure and loving home environment.

6. The (legendary, wanton) deeds of Sherlock Holmes are so well known that many
people think he really lived.

7. Self-confidence is a good quality; but if it is carried too far, it can be a (detriment, glut)
to success in life.

8. Instead of just waiting for things to get better by themselves, we must be more
(incognito, enterprising) in working for improvements.

9. Because of his repeated traffic violations, his driver's license has been (congested,
invalidated).

10. We were shocked by their (bountiful, wanton) misuse of the money their parents
had left them.

11. Your speech would have been better if you had stayed with your main idea instead
of (bantering, veering) off to side issues.

12. After living for so long on a (frugal, durable) diet, I was amazed when I saw the
variety of rich dishes served at the banquet.

13. Building a new skyscraper there will bring additional thousands of people into an
area that is already (invalidated, congested).

14. The mad Roman emperor Caligula believed that he was a god and expected people
to (venerate, veer) him as such.

15. I didn't want Charlotte to know that I was watching her, but occasionally I managed to
steal a few (oblique, legendary) glances at her.

16. Although I love sports, I sometimes feel that television is becoming (glutted,
maimed) with athletic events of all kinds.

17. Instead of approaching him in that timid and (frugal, gingerly) manner, tell him
frankly what is on your mind.

18. When they saw that they had been caught red-handed, they resorted to all kinds of
(detriments, antics) in a vain attempt to prove their "innocence."

19. Our friendship has proved to be (durable, enterprising) because it is based on
mutual respect and honesty.

20. It was bad taste on your part to use that (venerating, bantering) tone when we were
discussing such a sad event.

Unit 2 s 33

Vocal:whir y Read the following passage, in which some of the words you have
in Confebd studied in this unit appear in boldface type. Then complete each
statement given below the passage by circling the letter of the item that
is the same or almost the same in meaning as the highlighted word.

The Oldest Rookie (Line)

In the 1930s and 1940s, the legendary Leroy "Satchel" Paige was one of the best

pitchers in baseball. The astounding Alabama-born right-hander first gained national

attention in the 1920s as one of the leading players in the Negro Leagues. Many factors

contributed to Paige's huge popularity with fans. He had

a casual and humorous manner and often engaged in (5)
crowd-pleasing banter. He had an easy-to-remember

nickname, and his pitching style was unusual.

However, the primary reason for Paige's fame was

his bountiful athletic talent. Sportswriters recognized

him as one of the finest pitchers in the history of the (10)

game. He had a blazing fastball, flawless control, and

a durable arm that served him well for an amazing

number of years. Joe DiMaggio said that Paige was

"the best and fastest pitcher" he ever faced.

In 1947, Jackie Robinson broke baseball's color (15)

barrier. The following year, Satchel Paige took the

mound for the Cleveland Indians, becoming the first

African American pitcher in the American League. At

age forty-two, he was also baseball's oldest rookie.

Some critics tried to minimize the importance of (20)

Paige's move to the American League. They accused

Indians owner Bill Veeck of signing Paige for the

publicity. Veeck replied that the right-hander was "the

best available player" to help the team win the pennant.

In 1965, at the age of fifty-nine, Paige pitched for (25)

Kansas City, becoming the oldest player ever to take

part in a major-league game. His last public appearance

er was for the Atlanta Braves in 1969. In 1971, Satchel (30)
Paige took his rightful place in baseball's Hall of Fame.
Satchel Paige on the mound Fans and players alike venerate the memory of this
in 1965 great African American athlete.

1. The meaning of legendary (line 1) is 4. The meaning of durable (line 12) is

a. celebrated c. cheerful a. fragile c. sturdy

b. amateur d. unknown b. long d. muscular

2. Banter (line 6) most nearly means 5. Minimize (line 20) most nearly means

a. smiles c. joking a. exaggerate c. legalize

b. arguments d. skills b. belittle d. explain

3. Bountiful (line 9) is best defined as 6. Venerate (line 30) is best defined as

a. unusual c. amazing a. look up to c. downplay

b. scarce d. abundant b. acknowledge d. discuss

34 s Unit 2