American Revolution Texts

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A G

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May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Rev

A Soldier’s Gear:
British Regiment

A Tf lhinetlBorcitkismh uAsrmkeyt,anll iucskendamtheedstahme e“BsrtoawndnaBrdesisss.”ue

B Ag ucnaprotrwiddgeer is a premeasured packet of
and a lead ball, wrapped in paper.

To load his musket, the soldier tears the top of

the cartridge off with his teeth, then pours the

contents into the muzzle.

C Tm hueskraemt. rTohde is stored beneath the muzzle of the
soldier thrusts it into the muzzle to

pack down the gunpowder, musket ball, and the

wad of paper from the cartridge.

D O byffiacedrescionrathtieveBmriteisthalApremnydacnotucldalbleedidaegnotifrigeedt.

It was engraved with a design unique to that

officer’s regiment.

F E T Bhrietisbhawyoenaeptownrays. a fearsome part of 18th century
Normally holstered on the hip,

the sharp-pointed blade could be affixed to the

end of a musket for fighting at close range.

F Oo nnltyheoflfeicftehrsipw. ere allowed to wear a sword, slung

G Au nwdehrisatnleocffoicueldr’sbecoemffemcatinvde.in directing soldiers

David Stirling

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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The Arrest of

This engraving shows the moment when eighteen-year-o
She was acting as a messenger for General Nathanael Greene of th

message she was carrying, she ate it, and was allowed to con

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Emily Geiger

From The Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution, by Benson J. Lossing, 1860.

old Emily Geiger was stopped by British troops in 1781.
he Continental Army. Rather than letting the British find the written
ntinue. She delivered the message verbally to General Sumter.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Colonials Removin

This hand-colored wood engraving illustration shows colonial tow
This was a painful form of colonial punishment to show comm
the narrow piece of wood through town before being

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Rev

ng British Loyalist

North Wind Picture Archives

wnspeople drumming a British loyalist out of town, riding on a rail.
munity displeasure with someone, as the victim is forced to ride
g dumped on the roadside outside of the town limits.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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The Siege o

Artist Louis Nicolas van Blarenberghe painted
It shows the battlefield and the defeat of Bri

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of Yorktown

Chateau de Versailles, France/Giraudon/Bridgeman Images

this scene from the siege of Yorktown in 1784.
itish troops by French and American forces.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Surrender of Lo

Artist John Trumbull painted this scene in 1820. It s
the British army at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781. This surre

Trumbull’s brother, Colonel Jonathan Trumb

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ord Cornwallis

Architect of the Capitol

shows the surrender of British Lord Cornwallis and
ender ended the last campaign of the Revolutionary War.
bull, is standing beneath the American flag.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Francis

This scene, showing General Francis Marion inviting a
was first painted by John B. White. This mezzoti

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Marion

Library of Congress

a British officer to dinner at his swamp encampment,
int engraving was done by John Sartain in 1840.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Surrender of Ge

This painting, completed in 1821 by artist John Trumbull,
to American General Horatio Gates at Saratoga,
point in the American Revolution. The paintin

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eneral Burgoyne

Architect of the Capitol

illustrates the surrender of British General John Burgoyne
New York, on October 17, 1777. It was a turning
ng hangs in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Yorktown B

This map shows the Battle of Yorktown in 1781, where the B
The caption reads “A Plan of the entrance of Chesapeak [sic] Bay
positions (in the beginning of October) 1. of the British Army com

2. of the American and French forces under General Washi

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Battle Map

Library of Congress Geography and Map Division

British ultimately surrendered, ending the Revolutionary War.
y, with James and York Rivers; wherein are shewn the respective
mmanded by Lord Cornwallis, at Gloucester and York in Virginia;
ington, 3. and of the French fleet under Count de Grasse.”

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Abigail Adams Etching Library of Congress

An etching of Abigail Adams (1784–1818), wife of President John Adams,
copied from an original portrait painted by Gilbert Stuart.
The image was created between 1830 and 1860.

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Revolution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Abigail Adams Portrait © Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, MA, USA/Bridgeman Images

A pastel crayon portrait of Abigail Adams, painted in 1766 just after her marriage to John Adams in 1764.
The artist is Benjamin Blyth of Salem, Massachusetts, who was just 20 years old.

Along with a companion portrait of John Adams, this is the first known likeness of the couple.

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Revolution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Abigail Adams’ Letter, page 1 Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society

On March 31, 1776, Abigail Adams wrote this famous letter to her husband,
John Adams, who was in Philadelphia for the first Continental Congress. In the letter

she asks him to “remember the ladies” and make women equal under the law.

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Revolution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Abigail Adams’ Letter, page 2 Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society

The second page of Abigail Adams’ letter, showing the famous quote, “I desire you would
Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors. Do not put
such unlimited powers into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could.”

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Revolution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Library of Congress Prison Ship

A wood engraving by Philip Meader showing the British prison ship HMS Jersey
anchored in New York Harbor. From 1776 to 1783, the British forces occupying New York City
used abandoned or decommissioned warships anchored just offshore to hold those soldiers, sailors,

and private citizens they had captured in battle or arrested on land or at sea. Many of these
prisoners were arrested for refusing to swear an oath of allegiance to the British Crown.

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Revolution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Prison Shi

A wood engraving by Edward Bookhout showing the inside of the
including prisoners and a guard. On prison ships like the Jersey, the qu

Diseases like smallpox and yellow fever spread easily and

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Rev

ip Interior

Library of Congress

e HMS Jersey, a British prison ship during the Revolutionary War,
uarters were crowded and the prisoners were given little food or water.
d over seven thousand prisoners died while on the ships.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Elizabeth Bu

In this letter from Elizabeth Burgin to Reverend James Calvill
She was in New Jersey with her three children, forced to flee
in helping American prisoners escape from prison ships in N

officers who could verify that her story was true. Whi
is considered a true hero of the American Revo

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urgin’s Letter

National Archives

le, written in November 19, 1779, Burgin asks for assistance.
e her home in New York and hide from the British for her role
New York Harbor. In the letter, she names several American
ile the details of her role are unclear, Elizabeth Burgin
olution for freeing over 200 American prisoners.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Mount

This 1859 lithograph by Thomas S. Sinclair shows
It is located in Alexandria, Virginia, o

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Vernon

Yale University Art Gallery

s Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington.
on the banks of the Potomac River.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Washington

Junius Brutus Stearns painted this portrait tit
This lithographic version was published in Paris in 1853 by

his roles as patriot and first president, as he oversees

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n the Farmer

Library of Congress

tled Life of George Washington—the Farmer.
y Lemercier. It provides a look at Washington’s life beyond
slaves and other workers on his Mount Vernon estate.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Martha Washington Library of Congress

This is an undated print of a portrait of Martha Washington, wife of the first
United States president, George Washington. The artist is unknown.

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Revolution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Washington Cross

One of the most famous paintings of American history,
was painted by Emanuel Leutze in 1851. On Chr
crossed from New York into New Jersey, lau
The Continental army won the battle and

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sing the Delaware

Library of Congress

, this scene of Washington crossing the Delaware River
ristmas night in 1776, Washington and his troops
unching a surprise attack on Hessian troops.
d seized muskets, powder, and artillery.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Yale University Art GalleryWashington at Trenton

This portrait of George Washington was painted by John Trumbull in 1792.
It shows Washington after his victory at Trenton, New Jersey, after his night crossing of the Delaware River.

Trumbull, who actually served as an aide-de-camp to Washington during the Revolutionary War, called
this the “best of those which I painted,” portraying a critical moment in Washington’s leadership.

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Revolution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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The Capture of the

This painting, The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, D
between 1786 and 1828. It celebrates the American victory o

the compassion of General George Washington direc

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Hessians at Trenton

Yale University Art Gallery

December 26, 1776, was painted by artist John Trumbull
over Hessian troops at the Battle of Trenton, but also shows
cting his men to care for a fallen Hessian commander.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Public domain Oney Judge, Runaway Ad

Oney Judge was a slave in the household of George Washington and lived in
their household in Philadelphia. She escaped by simply walking out of the house.

This advertisement, offering ten dollars for her return, was placed in the
Pennsylvania Gazette on May 24, 1796. Oney was never caught,
but she lived her life as a fugitive and was never technically free.

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Revolution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Olaudah Eq

The frontispiece and title page of the book, The Interesting N
Equiano wrote and publ

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quiano Book

Library of Congress

Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, published in 1794.
lished the book himself.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Ships Trapped

This lithograph portrays two ships trapped
These ships are similar to the one that Olaudah Equiano
when he accompanied scientist Dr. Charles Irving to the Arc

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Rev

d in Polar Ice

Library of Congress

d in the polar ice of Baffin Bay in the Arctic.
o would have traveled on during his expedition in 1773,
ctic, searching for a northeast passage from Europe to Asia.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Mum Bett © Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, MA, USA/Bridgeman Images

This portrait of Elizabeth Freeman, also known as “Mum Bett” or “Mumbet,” was painted as a miniature
watercolor on ivory by Susan Anne Livingston Ridley Sedgwick in 1811. In 1783, Mum Bett, a slave,
successfully sued her master, Colonel John Ashley of Sheffield, Massachusetts, for her freedom.

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Revolution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Constitution National Archives

The original, signed document of the United States Constitution, drafted in secret in the summer of 1787.
It was signed by 39 delegates to the Constitutional Convention. It is written in ink on parchment paper,
and is the oldest and shortest written constitution of any major government in the world.

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Revolution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Signing the C

Howard Chandler Christy painted this scene in 1939 as pa
It shows the room in Independence Hall in Philadelphia on Sep
James Madison, and others prepare to sign the Constitution into l

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Constitution

Architect of the Capitol

art of a celebration of the constitution’s sesquicentennial.
ptember 17, 1787, as George Washington, Benjamin Franklin,
law. It is displayed in the House wing of the U.S. Capitol building.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Library of CongressDeclaration of Independence Facsimile

This engraving, published in 1819, is a decorated facsimile of the original Declaration of Independence.
The text of the document is surrounded by medallions of seals of the thirteen original colonies,
and medallion portraits of John Hancock, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.

Above is an eagle with shield, olive branch, and arrows, holding a streamer reading “E Pluribus Unum.”

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Revolution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Declaration of

This is one of the most famous representations of the signing o
of the first draft of the Declaration to the Second Continental Con

It was painted by John Trumbull in 1817 and hangs in

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Rev

f Independence

Architect of the Capitol

of the Declaration of Independence. It portrays the presentation
ngress on June 28, 1776, a week before it was officially adopted.
n the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C.

volution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Writing the Declaration of Independence Library of Congress

This print is a reproduction of a painting by J.L.G. Ferris, entitled Writing the
Declaration of Independence, 1776. It was part of a series called The Pageant of a Nation.
The scene shows Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson meeting in Jefferson’s

rooms in Philadelphia as they review a draft of the Declaration of Independence.

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Revolution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Thomas Jefferson Portrait Library of Congress

This lithograph portrait of Thomas Jefferson, third president of the United States,
was created by Henry R. Robinson and published sometime between 1840 and 1851.

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Revolution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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Thomas Jefferson Statue © Photodisc/Getty Images/HIP

This bronze statue of Thomas Jefferson, third U.S. president, is located in the Jefferson Memorial in
Washington, D.C. It was sculpted by Rudulph Evans in 1949, although a plaster version of the statue,

painted to look like bronze, was installed in the memorial during its dedication in 1943. Because of
World War II, bronze was scarce and the finished version of the statue could not be cast at that time.

May be reproduced for classroom use. Toolkit Texts: Short Nonfiction for American History, American Revolution and Constitution, by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis, ©2015 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann).

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