pravasi vayana _ june 2021

/ Pq¬ / 2021 1

PRAVASI VAYANA

Magazine

]pkX-v I- w 6 e¡- w 06 Pq¬ 2021
1442 i-Æm - Zp-Â- J-A-Zv -

sF kn F^v {]kn-²o-IcWw

16

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6 0 Ip«n¡fnbà ]mcânMv
k^vhm³ lʳ I®qÀ

8 2 ^män enhÀ F§s\ XSbmw?
tUm. BCi _n³Xv A¿q_v jmÀP

9 7 A¶qdp apl½Zn: DZbhpw {]IS\hpw
apl½Zv- BinJv ]n. ]Xn\mdp§Â

1 1 5 tImf\nh¡cWhpw BtKmf `£W§fnse
C´y³ kzm[o\-hpw
hnh: F³. apl½Zv-

1 2 5 C-¡sc \n-¶pw- kv-t\l-¯n-sâ lr-Z-b- i-zm-kw-
-sI. i-co-^v

27 Itó s]m¡pS³
hyXykvX

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Sn.sI i^oJv Ip¼nSn

IhÀ 127 a-c-X-I- Z-zo-]ns\
im¡nÀ F-d-h-¡mSv
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1 3 4 IhnX / H-ky¯v

2 / Pq¬ / 2021 kplv-d ]Sn¸pc, Icphmc¡pïv

\nco-£Ww

06 Hcp k¼qÀW

tImhnUv
Ipä]{Xw

iin XcqÀ

50 ]mcâ n-MnÂ
]nXm-hnsâ tdmsf´v?

sI.kn ssjPÂ

DÃmk]qÀWhpw {]tNmZ\mßIhpamb _ÔamWv
Hcp \Ã ]nXmhn\v Ip«ntbmSpïmhpI. AXv Ip«nbpsS
ss\kÀKnIamb hnImk¯n\v hgnsbmcp¡pw.

KÄ^nse NqSpw 37
Nodn¸mbp¶
ss_¡pw

tUm. Akokv XcphW

1 0 5 X¨p-S¡mw \ap¡o ]cm-Xn-s¸«n Hmt«ma³ kp¯m³amÀ:
Fkv-Fkv _pJmcn Iqcn-bmSv
]cnip² \mSpIsf
1 1 1 aX{`ãv kq£n¡pI {]nbwsh¨hÀ
Ae-hn-¡p«n ss^kn FS-¡c
apPvX_ kn.Sn Ipacw]p¯qÀ

XmcbpsS 121
ZpcnXbm{XIÄ

dkmJv sN¯ve¯v

CSp§nb Nn´mKXn¡mcmb Xsâ 68
{KmaoW Npäp]mSn \n¶v ]ptcmKa\
]camb ImgvN¸mSnte¡pw DbÀ¨bn
te¡pw IpXn¡p¶ PohnX IYIfmWv
Ahkm\ `mK§Ä IqSp-X-embn
]dbp¶Xv.

BtcmKyIcamb 87

]g§fpw KpW§fpw

\Xmen _«veÀ, s_¯v knʬkv

/ Pq¬ / 2021 3

apJ-samgn >>>

temI-k-aqlw
D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw
\nd-th-äWw

a-\‑p-j‑y‑m-h-I‑m-i [‑z‑w-k-\-§-f‑p-s‑S A-X‑n-`‑o-I-c N-c‑n-{‑X-h‑p‑w
N‑n-{‑X-h‑p-a‑m-W‑v ^-e-k‑v-X‑o³. IÂ-]‑n-X I-Y-IÄ s‑a-\-ª‑v
k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-X‑z I‑n-¦-c-·‑m-c‑p-s‑S a‑p³-s‑s‑I {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S
s‑F-I‑y-c‑m-{‑ã-k-`-b‑m-W‑v 1948-Â I‑q-«-¡‑p-c‑p-X‑n-IÄ-¡‑v A-h-k-
c-s‑a‑m-c‑p-¡‑n-b-X‑v. B hÀ-j‑w s‑a-b‑v 14 s‑s‑h-I‑p-t‑¶-c‑w 6.20\‑v
Z‑oÀ-L-I‑m-e A-h‑n-l‑n-X KÀ-`-[‑m-c-W-¯‑n-\‑v t‑i-j‑w A-k‑z‑m-
`‑m-h‑n-I {‑]-k-h-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S A-`‑n-i-]‑v-X c‑m-{‑ã‑w ]‑n-d-¶‑p-h‑o-W‑p.
h‑n-`-P‑n-X ^-e-k‑v-X‑o-\‑n \‑y‑m-b‑o-I-c-W k‑m-[‑q-I-c-W-§-f‑n-
s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w‑, ^-e-k‑v-X‑o-\‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S k‑z-X-{‑´ ]-c-a‑m-[‑n-I‑m-c c‑m-
{‑ã‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-X-a‑m-¡‑m³ s‑F-I‑y-c‑m-{‑ã k-`-¡‑p-Å [‑mÀ-½‑n-I
D-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-¯‑w \‑n-d-t‑h-ä‑p-¶-X‑n A-]-e-]-\‑o-b ]-c‑m-P-b-
a‑m-W‑v C-¡‑m-e-a-{‑X-b‑p‑w t‑e‑m-I‑w I-ï‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.
^-e-k‑v-X‑o-\‑n \‑n-c-]-c‑m-[‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S \‑n-W‑w-s‑I‑m-ï‑v s‑N-©‑m-
b-a-W‑n-b‑m-¯ H-c‑p X-c‑n-a-WÂ-t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w C-s‑Ã-¶-X‑v B-h-c-W-
a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ k-X‑y-a‑m-W‑v.

^-e-k‑v-X‑o-\‑n-IÄ-¡‑v P-·-\‑m-«‑n k‑z-Ø-a‑m-b‑n I-g‑n-b‑m³
A-h-I‑m-i-a‑p-ï‑v. B A-h-I‑m-i‑w k-b-W‑n-k‑w h-I-s‑h-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-
S‑p-¡‑m-¯-X‑p‑w A-[‑n-\‑n-t‑h-i‑w X‑p-S-c‑p-¶-X‑p-a‑m-W‑v I‑m-X-e‑m-b
h‑n-j-b‑w. C-{‑k‑m-C‑u-e‑n-s‑\ s‑I‑m-ï‑v C‑u A-X‑n-{‑]-[‑m-\ A-h-
I‑m-i‑w k-½-X‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ a-X‑n-b‑m-b t‑h-Z‑n-I-f‑n-s‑Ã-¶-X‑m-W‑v Z‑p‑x-J-
k-X‑y‑w. k-a‑m-[‑m-\ A-h-I‑m-i k‑w-Ø‑m-]-IÀ k‑w-l‑m-c-¯‑n-\‑v
F-® ]-I-c‑p-¶ s‑s‑h-c‑p-²‑y‑w X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-
e‑p-]-c‑n A-hÀ k‑w-l‑m-c-I-c‑p-s‑S k‑w-c-£-I-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑p-¶‑p.

k‑v-{‑X‑o-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w I‑p-ª‑p-§-s‑f-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v P‑q-X‑m-b‑n-k‑w s‑I‑m-
s‑¶‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑v b‑m-Z‑r-Ñ‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n k‑w-`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X-Ã.
B-k‑q-{‑X‑n-X X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\-§-f‑p-s‑S `‑m-K-a‑m-W‑v. k‑v-I‑q-f‑p-I-f‑p‑w a-ä‑p

4 / Pq¬ / 2021

h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k t‑I-{‑µ-§-f‑p‑w B-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n-I-f‑p‑w A-`-b‑mÀ-°‑n
t‑I-¼‑p-I-f‑p-a‑m-W-hÀ t‑_‑m‑w-_‑n-M‑n-\‑v h‑n-t‑[-b-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.

k‑z-b‑w {‑]-X‑n-t‑c‑m-[‑n-¡‑m³‑, A-X‑y-´‑m-[‑p-\‑n-I B-b‑p-
[-§Ä-¡‑p‑w I-h-N‑n-X h‑y‑q-l-§Ä-¡‑p‑w a‑p-¼‑n s‑N-
d‑pI-Ã‑p‑w ]‑mÂ-I‑p-¸‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n \‑n-Ê‑w-K-a‑m-b‑n \‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶
s‑I‑m-¨‑p-I‑p-«‑n-b‑p‑w C³-X‑n-^‑m-Z-¡‑m-c‑p‑w F-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v
`‑o-I-c-c‑m-h‑p-I? C-t‑¸‑m-g-s‑¯ s‑h-S‑n-\‑n-d‑p-¯Â A-`‑o-I-
c-a‑m-b a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p h‑w-i‑o-b D-·‑q-e-\-¯‑n-s‑â C-S-t‑h-f-b‑p‑w
]-S-s‑b‑m-c‑p-¡-h‑p‑w B-h‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡-W-s‑a-¦‑n s‑F-I‑y-c‑m-
{‑ã-k-` I-S‑p-¯ \-S-]-S‑n-I-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S C-{‑k-t‑b-e‑n-s‑\ \‑n-e-
¡‑p \‑n-d‑p-¯-W‑w. A-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n a-\‑p-j‑y‑m-h-I‑m-i-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v
{‑]-X‑n-_-²-X-b‑p-Å c‑m-P‑y-§-f‑p‑w t‑\-X‑m-¡-f‑p‑w s‑s‑I-t‑I‑mÀ-
¡-W‑w.

t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑n-s‑â h-I-t‑`-Z X-c‑w-K-§-f‑p-s‑S X‑m-Þ-h‑w
X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑v t‑e‑m-I‑m-t‑c‑m-K‑y k‑w-L-S-\
a‑p-¶-d‑n-b‑n-¸‑v \Â-I‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. Z‑n-t‑\-\-s‑b-t‑¶‑m-W‑w \-a‑p-
¡-X‑v t‑_‑m-[‑y-s‑¸-«‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-a‑p-ï‑v. C‑u B-]-
X‑v-L-«-s‑¯ X-c-W‑w s‑N-¿‑m³ t‑\-c-s‑¯ i‑o-e‑n-¨ F-Ã‑m
k‑p-c-£‑m a‑p³-I-c‑p-X-e‑p-I-f‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-X {‑h-X-a‑m-b‑n \‑m‑w
B-N-c‑n-¡‑p-I. B-t‑c‑m-K‑y-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑p-Å \‑n-e-\‑nÂ-¸‑m-W-
t‑Ã‑m a‑p-J‑y‑w. C‑u B-i-b-§Ä C-X‑n-\‑v a‑p-¼‑p‑w C-t‑X
t‑I‑m-f-¯‑n {‑]-X‑n-]‑m-Z-\ h‑n-t‑[-b-a‑m-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. C-\‑n-b‑p‑w
B-hÀ-¯-\‑w B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b‑n h-c‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p‑w.

P‑q¬ a‑p-XÂ ]‑p-X‑n-b A-[‑y-b-\ hÀ-j‑w X‑p-S-§‑p-I-
b‑m-W‑v. ]T-\‑w H‑m¬-s‑s‑e-\‑n X‑p-S-c‑m-\‑m-W‑v k‑m-[‑y-X.
c-£‑n-X‑m-¡Ä I‑q-S‑p-XÂ P‑m-{‑K-X I‑m-W‑n-¨‑m-t‑e I‑p-«‑n-
I-f‑n ]‑mT‑y a‑n-I-h‑p-IÄ D-ï‑m-h‑q. h‑o-S-I-§Ä h‑n-Z‑y‑m-
e-b-§-f‑m-W‑v. c-£‑n-X‑m-¡Ä A-[‑y‑m-]-I-c‑p‑w. F-Ã‑m ]
T‑n-X‑m-¡Ä-¡‑p‑w h‑n-P-b‑m-i‑w-k-IÄ.

F³. A-en A-ÐpÃ

amt\Pn§v FUnäÀ

/ Pq¬ / 2021 5

iin XcqÀ \nco-£Ww

Hcp
k¼qÀW
tImhnUv
Ipä]{Xw

B-Z‑y t‑e‑m-I‑v-U‑u¬ a‑p-XÂ C‑u Z‑p-c-´-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v
\-b‑n-¨ ]‑m-f‑n-¨-I-f‑p‑w Z‑u-X‑y-\‑nÀ-h-l-W-¯‑nÂ

X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-c‑p-¶ h‑o-g‑v-N-I-f‑p‑w H‑mÀ-a‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v
i-i‑n X-c‑qÀ.

t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑v i-¿-b‑n I‑n-S-¶‑v C-s‑X-g‑p-X‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ a-l‑m-
a‑m-c‑n c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-t‑\Â-]‑n-¨ B-L‑m-X-s‑¯ I‑p-d‑n-¨‑v
I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n t‑_‑m-[-a‑p-ï‑v F-\‑n-¡‑v. h‑m-I‑v-k‑n-t‑\-j³ s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p-
t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w i-à-a‑m-b £‑o-W-h‑p‑w s‑\-s‑©-c‑n-¨‑n-e‑p‑w R‑m³ A-\‑p-

6 / Pq¬ / 2021

`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. s‑a-b‑v B-Z‑y h‑n-X-c-W‑w I‑p-d-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w
h‑m-c-t‑¯‑m-s‑S s‑a‑m-¯‑w t‑I‑m- {‑]-X‑n-t‑c‑m-[ a-c‑p-¶‑p-IÄ‑,-
h‑n-U‑v _‑m-[‑n-X-c‑p-s‑S F-®‑w 2 h‑m-I‑v-k‑n³ B-h-i‑y-§Ä
t‑I‑m-S‑n-b‑n-s‑e-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w a-c- A-k‑m-[‑m-c-W-a‑m‑w-h‑n-[‑w
W‑w 3 e-£‑w I-h‑n-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-[‑n-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-
s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p(C-X‑n-s‑â ¿‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w a-l‑m-a‑m-c‑n-
F-«‑p a-S-§‑v h-c‑p‑w b-Y‑mÀ-° s‑b t‑\-c‑n-S‑m-\‑m-I‑m-s‑X
a-c-W-\‑n-c-s‑¡-¶‑m-W‑v h‑n-Z-K‑v-[- D-g-d‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v c‑m-P‑y‑w.
c‑p-s‑S A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w‑). t‑l‑m-k‑v- C‑u-s‑b‑m-c‑p Z‑p-c-´-¯‑n-t‑e-
]‑n-ä s‑_-U‑p-IÄ \‑n-d-ª‑p- ¡‑p‑w ]‑n-S‑n-¸‑p-t‑I-S‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w
I-h‑n-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w H‑m-I‑v-k‑n-P³ c‑m-P‑y-s‑¯ X-Å‑n-b‑n-«-X‑v
t‑I-{‑µ-kÀ-¡‑m-c‑m-s‑W-¶-X‑v
{‑]-X‑n-]-£-¯‑n-s‑â a‑m-{‑X-
a-Ã‑, c‑m-P‑y-s‑¯ k‑m-[‑m-c-
W-¡‑m-c‑p-s‑S h-s‑c A-`‑n-
{‑]‑m-b-a‑m-W‑v.

H-c‑p h‑n-P-b-K‑m-Y-b‑m-b‑n
h‑m-g‑v-¯-s‑¸-« C-´‑y-b‑p-s‑S
t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑v {‑]-X‑n-t‑c‑m-[‑w
F-h‑n-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v ]‑n-g-¨-X‑v?
{‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑n-¨‑p‑w B-Z‑y L-«-
¯‑n \‑n-¶‑p t‑a‑m-N‑n-X-a‑m-
b‑n k‑m-[‑m-c-W P‑o-h‑n-X‑w
]‑p-\-c‑m-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
h‑m-I‑v-k‑n³ I-b-ä‑p-a-X‑n
s‑N-¿‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑p-I-b‑p‑w
s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-S-¯‑p \‑n-¶‑m-W‑v
\-½‑p-s‑S I‑q-¸‑p-I‑p-¯Â.
]‑n-g-h‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S \‑o-ï \‑n-c
X-s‑¶-b‑p-ï‑v C‑u Z‑p-c-h-
Ø-¡‑p ]‑n-¶‑nÂ.

{‑]-X‑o-I‑m-ß-I-X-b‑p‑w
t‑e‑m-I‑m-t‑c‑m-K‑y k‑w-L-S-\-
t‑b‑m-S‑p-Å A-h-K-W-b‑p‑w

{‑]-I-S-\ -{‑]-ZÀ-i-\-]-
c-X-t‑b‑m-S‑v {‑]-[‑m-\-a-{‑´‑n
t‑a‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-Å X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y‑w
C‑u I‑m-e-¯‑v h‑y-à-a‑m-b‑n-
c‑p-¶‑p. t‑Z-i‑o-b s‑S-e‑n-h‑n-j-

/ Pq¬ / 2021 7

\‑n-e‑q-s‑S P-\-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v ]‑m-{‑X‑w c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. a-l‑m-`‑m-c-X
s‑I‑m-«‑m-\‑p‑w Z‑o-]‑w s‑X-f‑n-b‑n- b‑p-²‑w 18 Z‑n-h-k‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑v
¡‑m-\‑p‑w \‑nÀ-t‑Z-i‑n-¨‑v P-\-k- h‑n-P-b‑n-¨-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e t‑I‑m-
½-X‑n t‑\-S‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¡‑m-\‑p-Å h‑n-U‑n-s‑\-X‑n-s‑c-b‑p-Å C-´‑y-
{‑i-a-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n- b‑p-s‑S t‑]‑m-c‑m-«‑w 21 Z‑n-h-k‑w
t‑â-X‑v. C-¯-c‑w A-Ô-h‑n- s‑I‑m-ï‑v A-h-k‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶
i‑z‑m-k-§-s‑f‑, a-l‑m-a‑m-c‑n-s‑b h‑o-c-h‑m-Z-§Ä l‑n-µ‑p-X‑z t‑Z-
{‑]-X‑n-t‑c‑m-[‑n-¡‑m³ t‑h-ï i‑o-b-X-b‑p-s‑S a‑qÀ-¯ `‑m-h-§-
i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑o-b-a‑m-b \-b-c‑q-]‑o-I-c- f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p {‑]-ZÀ-i‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v.
W-¯‑n-\‑v _-Z-e‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n- {‑]-X‑o-£-¡-¸‑p-d-¯‑v H-c‑p a‑p³-

tI{µkÀ¡mcnsâ
ap¨qSpapÅ ]cmPb ^eamWv

cmPyw C¶-\p-`hn¡p¶Xv.
kwØm\§Ä¡pÅ HmIvknP³
imkv{Xobhpw kpXmcyhpamb coXnbnÂ
e`yam¡m³ kp{]ow tImSXn¡v Xs¶

12 AwK Smkv-Iv t^mgvkns\
\nbant¡@nh¶Xv
AXpsIm@mWtÃm.

8 / Pq¬ / 2021

I-c‑p-X-e‑p‑w t‑c‑m-K-{‑]-X‑n-t‑c‑m- A-[‑n-I‑m-c t‑I-{‑µ‑o-I-c-W-
[-¯‑n-\‑p-t‑h-ï‑n kÀ-¡‑mÀ h‑p‑w t‑e‑m-I‑v-U‑u³
\-S-¯‑n-b-X‑m-b‑n I-ï‑n-«‑n-Ã. ]‑n-S‑n-¸‑p-t‑I-S‑p-I-f‑p‑w
h‑y‑m-]-\‑w X-S-b‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑â
`‑m-K-a‑m-b‑n ]-c‑n-t‑i‑m-[-\‑, s‑h-d‑p‑w \‑m-e‑p-a-W‑n-¡‑qÀ
t‑I‑m-ï‑m-I‑v-ä‑v s‑{‑S-b‑v-k‑n‑w-K‑v, k‑m-h-I‑m-i‑w \Â-I‑n 2020
s‑F-s‑k‑m-t‑e-j³‑, N‑n- a‑mÀ-¨‑n t‑Z-i-h‑y‑m-]-I t‑e‑m-
I‑n-Õ F-¶‑n-h-b-S-§‑p-¶ I‑v-U‑u¬ {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-¨-X‑v
]-²-X‑n X‑p-S-¡- a‑p-XÂ t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑v {‑]-X‑n-k-
¯‑n Ô‑n t‑I-{‑µ-kÀ-¡‑mÀ s‑s‑I-
X-s‑¶ I‑m-c‑y‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑v a-l‑m-a‑m-
U-»‑n- c‑n B-Î‑n(Epidemic Act‑)
b‑p F-¨‑v s‑e-b‑p‑w t‑Z-i‑o-b Z‑p-c-´-\‑n-
H a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p-s‑h- h‑m-c-W \‑n-b-a-¯‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w
¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. c‑m-P‑y-¯‑v B-Z‑y A-h‑y-à-a‑m-b ]-e N-«-§-
t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑v t‑I-k‑v d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ- f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-
«‑v s‑N-b‑v-X t‑I-c-f-a-S-¡‑w e‑m-W‑v. c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â s‑^-U-
I-¿‑n-s‑e-®‑m-h‑p-¶ k‑w- d k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-\-s‑¯
Ø‑m-\-§Ä X‑p-S-¡-¯‑n ]‑qÀ-®-a‑m-b‑p‑w A-h-K-W‑n-
C-X‑v h‑n-P-b-I-c-a‑m-b‑n ¡‑m³ D-X-I‑p-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p
\-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-b-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w t‑I- C-X‑v.
{‑µ-kÀ-¡‑m-c‑n-s‑â A-b-ª
k-a‑o-]-\‑w a-ä‑p ]-e Ø-e- X-t‑±-i‑o-b-a‑m-b‑n s‑]‑m-
§-f‑n-e‑p‑w a‑p³-I-c‑p-X-e‑p-
IÄ \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-I‑m-s‑X t‑]‑m- / Pq¬ / 2021 9
I‑m³ I‑m-c-W-a‑m-b‑n.

c‑p-¯-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ ]-²-X‑n-IÄ s‑]‑m-X‑p-P-\-s‑¯-t‑b‑m k‑w-
a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p-s‑h-¡‑m-\‑p‑w \-S-]- Ø‑m-\ kÀ-¡‑m-d‑p-I-s‑f-t‑b‑m
S‑n-IÄ s‑s‑I-s‑I‑m-Å‑m-\‑p‑w t‑I-{‑µ kÀ-¡‑mÀ P‑o-h-\-
k‑w-Ø‑m-\ kÀ-¡‑m-c‑p-IÄ- ¡‑m-s‑c X-s‑¶-b‑p‑w A-d‑n-b‑n-
¡‑v A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑w \Â-I‑p-¶- ¡‑m-s‑X H‑mÀ-¡‑m-¸‑p-d-¯‑m-
X‑n-\‑v ]-I-c‑w UÂ-l‑n-b‑n W‑v t‑a‑m-U‑n t‑e‑m-I‑v-U‑u¬
\‑n-¶‑p-Å h‑n-Ú‑m-]-\-§-f‑n- {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-¨-X‑v. C-t‑X‑m-s‑S
e‑q-s‑S t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑n-s‑\ {‑]-X‑n- k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I t‑a-J-e k‑v-X‑w-`‑n-
t‑c‑m-[‑n-¡‑m-s‑a-¶‑p \‑n-\-¨-X‑v ¨-X-S-¡‑w b‑m-s‑X‑m-c‑p B-\‑p-
K‑p-c‑p-X-c-a‑m-b {‑]-X‑y‑m-L‑m-X- I‑q-e‑y-h‑p‑w e-`‑n-¡‑m-s‑X 30
§Ä-¡‑v I‑m-c-W-a‑m-b‑n. D-¯- e-£-t‑¯‑m-f‑w h-c‑p-¶ I‑p-S‑n-
c-h‑m-Z‑n-X‑z-t‑_‑m-[-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ t‑b-ä s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S I‑q-
A-[‑n-I‑m-c-a‑m-W‑v s‑^-U-d «-¸-e‑m-b-\‑w I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ
k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-\‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑v t‑a‑m-Z‑n k‑m-l-N-c‑y‑w X‑oÀ-¯‑p‑w X‑m-
kÀ-¡‑mÀ D-t‑±-i‑n-¡‑p-¶-s‑X- d‑p-a‑m-d‑m-b‑n. \‑m-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑p-Å
¶‑v, X-§Ä-¡‑v H‑m-I‑v-k‑n-P³ Z‑oÀ-L-a‑m-b A-e-¨‑n-e‑n 198
e-`‑y-a‑m-¡‑m³ t‑I-{‑µ-kÀ-¡‑m- t‑]À-¡‑m-W‑v P‑o-h³ \-ã-s‑¸-
d‑n-\‑v \‑nÀ-t‑Z-i‑w \Â-I-W- «-X‑v. B-L‑m-X-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w
s‑a-¶‑m-h-i‑y-s‑¸-«‑v s‑I‑m-ï‑v I-c-I-b‑m-d‑m-\‑m-I‑m-s‑X 5 Z-i-
k‑p-{‑]‑o-t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-s‑b k-a‑o-]‑n- e-£‑w s‑N-d‑p k‑w-c‑w-`-§Ä
t‑¡-ï‑n-h-¶ UÂ-l‑n K-h¬- A-S-¨‑p-]‑q-«‑n. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑n-Ã‑m-b‑v-a
s‑aâ‑n-s‑â K-X‑n H‑mÀ-a-s‑¸-S‑p- C-X‑p-h-s‑c t‑c-J-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b-
¯‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. X‑n s‑h-¨‑v G-ä-h‑p‑w D-bÀ-¶

10 / Pq¬ / 2021

\‑n-e-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n. a-l‑m-a‑m-c‑n {‑I-t‑a-W £-b‑n-
¨‑p h-¶-t‑X‑m-s‑S A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-
^@‑n‑w-K‑n-s‑â A-]-c‑y‑m-]‑v-X-X- IÄ G-s‑d D-Z‑m-k‑o-\-c‑m-b‑n.
b‑p‑w A-g-s‑I‑m-g-¼³ I‑q-S‑p-XÂ h‑n-\‑m-i-I‑m-c‑n-b‑m-b
k-a‑o-]-\-§-f‑p‑w c-ï‑m‑w L-« X-c‑w-K-¯‑n-
\‑v k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-«‑p‑w
I‑m-c‑y-§Ä s‑s‑I-h‑n-s‑«-¶‑p ^-e-{‑]-Z-a‑m-b a‑p³-I-c‑p-X-e‑p-
t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v B-h- I-t‑f‑m \‑n-h‑m-c-W \-S-]-S‑n-I-
i‑y-a‑m-b k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I k-l‑m- t‑f‑m s‑s‑I-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-Ã. 2020
b-§-s‑f‑m-¶‑p‑w \Â-I‑m-s‑X A-h-k‑m-\-t‑¯‑m-s‑S s‑S-Ì‑n‑w-
t‑I-{‑µ‑w k‑w-Ø‑m-\-§-s‑f K‑v, t‑I‑m-ï‑m-I‑v-ä‑v t‑{‑S-k‑n-M‑v,
D-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-X‑z-t‑aÂ-]‑n-¡‑p- {‑S‑m-¡‑n-M‑v, s‑F-s‑k‑m-t‑e-j³
¶-X‑v. a-l‑m-a‑m-c‑n-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c X‑p-S-§‑n-b {‑]-I‑n-b-IÄ X‑m-
B-t‑c‑m-K‑y {‑]-hÀ-¯-I-s‑c-b‑p‑w f‑w s‑X-ä‑n. t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑v k‑m-l-
t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑n-ä s‑_-U‑p-I-f‑p‑w N-c‑y-t‑¯‑m-S‑v A-\‑p-N‑n-X-a‑m-b
s‑hâ‑n-t‑e-ä-d‑p-I-f‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w k‑w- i‑o-e-§Ä D-ï‑m-b-t‑X‑m-s‑S-
L-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ k‑w-Ø‑m-\ b‑m-W‑v s‑s‑h-d-k‑n-\‑v c‑q-]-a‑m-ä‑w
kÀ-¡‑m-d‑p-IÄ \-t‑¶ {‑]-b‑m- k‑w-`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w h-f-s‑c s‑]-
k-s‑¸-«‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. ]‑n-F‑w s‑I- s‑«-¶‑v ]-SÀ-¶‑p h‑n-\‑m-i-I‑m-c‑n-
t‑bÀ-k‑v F-¶ t‑]-c‑n Z‑p-c‑n- b‑m-b-X‑p‑w. h‑n-h‑n-[ k‑w-Ø‑m-
X‑m-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n-\‑v h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p \-§-f‑n-s‑e X‑n-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¸‑v
^-ï‑v kÀ-¡‑mÀ \‑o-¡‑n-s‑h- I‑m-¼-b‑n-\‑p-I-f‑p‑w s‑]‑m-X‑p-
¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑m k‑p-X‑m- d‑m-e‑n-I-f‑p‑w X‑n-§‑n-\‑n-d-ª
c‑y-a-Ã‑m-¯ C‑u ^-ï‑n-s‑\ a-X‑m-t‑L‑m-j-§-f‑p‑w a‑m-k‑v-I‑v
C-¶‑p-h-s‑c ]-»‑n-I‑v A-¡‑u- [-c‑n-¡‑m-s‑X-b‑p‑w A-I-e‑w
ï‑n‑w-K‑n-\‑v h‑n-t‑[-b-a‑m-¡‑p-I- ]‑m-e‑n-¡‑m-s‑X-b‑p‑w \-S-¯‑n-
t‑b‑m F-´‑n-s‑\‑m-s‑¡-b‑m-W‑v b-t‑X‑m-s‑S k‑q-¸À k‑v-s‑{‑]-U‑v
k-l‑m-b‑w e-`‑y-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-s‑X- `‑o-X‑n-b‑p-WÀ-¯‑n. t‑c‑m-K‑w I‑m-
¶‑v h‑y-à-a‑m-¡‑p-I-t‑b‑m s‑N- «‑p-X‑o t‑]‑m-s‑e {‑K‑m-a-§-f‑nÂ
b‑v-X‑n-«‑n-Ã. t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w h‑y‑m-]‑n-¨‑p.

/ Pq¬ / 2021 11

B-k‑q-{‑X-W-a‑n-Ã‑m-b‑v-a-b‑p‑w b-¯‑n-s‑â A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑nÂ
i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑o-b-h‑p‑w k‑p-X‑m-c‑y-h‑p-
h‑m-I‑v-k‑n-t‑\-j-\‑n-s‑e a‑m-b c‑o-X‑n-b‑n e-`‑y-a‑m-¡‑m³
h‑o-g‑v-N-b‑p‑w k‑p-{‑]‑o‑w t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-¡‑v X-s‑¶
12 A‑w-K S‑m-k‑v-I‑v t‑^‑m-g‑v-
c-ï‑m‑w L-«-¯‑n-\‑p a‑p- k‑n-s‑\ \‑n-b-a‑n-t‑¡-ï‑n-h-¶-X‑v
¼‑p-Å C-S-t‑h-f-b‑n B-t‑c‑m- A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m.
K‑y t‑a-J-e-b‑n-s‑e A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\
k‑u-I-c‑y-§Ä h‑n-I-k‑n-¸‑n- t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑â 60% h‑m-I‑v-
¡Â‑, s‑_-U‑p-IÄ hÀ-[‑n-¸‑n- k‑n³ B-h-i‑y-§-f‑p‑w \‑n-d-t‑h-
¡Â‑, t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑v {‑i‑p-i‑q-j- ä‑p-¶-X‑v C-´‑y-b‑m-s‑W-¶ A-h-
¡‑m-h-i‑y-a‑m-b H‑m-I‑v-k‑n-P³‑, I‑m-i-h‑m-Z-¯‑n A-`‑n-c-a‑n-¨
s‑hâ‑n-t‑e-äÀ h‑n-X-c-W‑w h‑n- kÀ-¡‑mÀ A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¡-s‑¸-«
]‑p-e-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-I‑, h‑m-I‑v-k‑n³ c-ï‑v h‑m-I‑v-k‑n-\‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S \‑nÀ-
t‑i-J-c-W-h‑p‑w h‑n-X-c-W-h‑p‑w ½‑m-W-h‑p‑w h‑n-X-c-W-h‑p‑w X‑z-c‑n-
h‑y‑m-]‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I X‑p-S-§‑n-b X-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m-\‑p-Å b‑m-s‑X‑m-c‑p
k-Ö‑o-I-c-W-§Ä-¡‑v G-s‑d \-S-]-S‑n-b‑p‑w F-S‑p-¯‑n-Ã. h‑n-
k-a-b-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-s‑X‑m- t‑Z-i h‑m-I‑v-k‑n-\‑p-IÄ C-d-¡‑p-
¶‑p‑w \-S-¸‑m-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m- a-X‑n s‑N-¿‑m-t‑\‑m a-ä‑p C-´‑y³
¯-X‑v t‑I-{‑µ-kÀ-¡‑m-c‑n-s‑â k‑w-c‑w-`-§Ä-¡‑v s‑s‑e-k³-k‑v
a‑p-¨‑q-S‑p-a‑p-Å ]-c‑m-P-b-a‑m-W‑v \Â-I‑m-t‑\‑m X-¿‑m-d‑m-b‑n-Ã.
I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. k‑w-Ø‑m- {‑_‑n-«³ h‑m-I‑v-k‑n-t‑\-j³
\-§Ä-¡‑v k-l‑m-b-I-a‑m-b‑n B-c‑w-`‑n-¨‑v c-ï‑p a‑m-k-¯‑n-\‑v
{‑Z-h‑o-I-c‑n-¨ H‑m-I‑v-k‑n-P³ \‑y‑m- t‑i-j‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w I‑p-¯‑n-s‑h-¸‑v

12 / Pq¬ / 2021

X‑p-S-§‑n-b \-a‑p-¡‑v a‑p³- tamÀ¨dnIfpw ivaim\§fpw
\‑n-c B-t‑c‑m-K‑y {‑]-hÀ-¯- \ndªpIhnªn«pw KwKbnÂ
IÀ‑, t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v X‑p-S-§‑n-b A\mY t{]X§sfmgpIp¶Xv
c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â 1.3%\‑p
a‑m-{‑X-t‑a h‑m-I‑v-k‑n-t‑\-j³ I@n«pw tamUn almamcnsb
]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑m³ k‑m-[‑n- ssIImcyw sNbvX coXnsb temIw
¨‑n-«‑p-Å‑q. B-Z‑y I‑p-¯‑n-
s‑h-¸‑v \-S-¯‑n-b-hÀ 8% apgph³ {]iwkn¡p¶psh¶v
s]cp-¼-d-b-Sn¡p¶ a{´n]pwK-h·mÀ
C´y³ P\Xsb \ncmis¸Sp¯nb

Xn\v C\n-sb-¦nepw
£a tNmZnt¡@Xp@v.

a‑m-{‑X-h‑p‑w. X‑p-þ -k‑z-I‑m-c‑y B-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n-
k‑p-c-£‑n-X-c-Ã‑m-¯- IÄ-¡‑p‑w \Â-I‑p-¶-X‑v X-s‑¶.
X‑oÀ-¯‑p‑w A-\‑u-N‑n-X‑y-]‑qÀ-
h-s‑c c-ï‑m‑w L-«-¯‑n- W-a‑m-b "h‑m-I‑v-k‑n³ t‑Z-i‑o-b-
\‑v a‑p-¼‑v k-Ö-c‑m-¡‑m³ X‑'b‑p-s‑S ]‑p-d-¯‑m-W‑v A-S‑n-
e-£‑y-a‑n-«‑v h‑m-I‑v-k‑n³ b-´-c L-«-§-f‑n t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w
\‑nÀ-½‑m-W‑w hÀ-[‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p- h‑n-t‑Z-i h‑m-I‑v-k‑n-\‑p-IÄ-¡‑v
¶-X‑n-e‑p‑w kÀ-¡‑mÀ ]-c‑m- A-\‑p-a-X‑n \Â-I‑m-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v.
P-b-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. G-{‑]‑n G-{‑]‑n ]-I‑p-X‑n-t‑b‑m-s‑S h‑m-
a‑q-¶‑m‑w B-g‑v-N-b‑m-W‑v I‑v-k‑n³ £‑m-a‑w t‑\-c‑n-«-t‑¸‑mÄ
h‑m-I‑v-k‑n³ \Â-I‑p-¶-X‑n- b‑p-F-k‑v, b‑p-s‑I‑, b‑q-t‑d‑m-]‑y³
s‑â N‑p-a-X-e k‑w-Ø‑m-\ b‑q-W‑n-b³ X‑p-S-§‑n-b c‑m-
kÀ-¡‑m-d‑p-IÄ-¡‑p‑w s‑]‑m-
/ Pq¬ / 2021 13

P‑y-§Ä A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¨-h-¡‑v A-\‑m-h-i‑y-a‑m-b 20000 t‑I‑m-S‑n
A-\‑p-a-X‑n \Â-t‑I-ï‑n-h-¶‑p. c‑q-]-b‑p-s‑S s‑k³-{‑SÂ h‑n-Ì
{‑]-X‑n-]-£ ]‑mÀ-«‑n-IÄ `-c‑n- ]-²-X‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑v t‑]‑m-
¡‑p-¶ t‑I-c-f‑w‑, a-l‑m-c‑m-{‑ã h‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v t‑I-{‑µ kÀ-¡‑mÀ
t‑]‑m-t‑e‑m-¯ t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑v c‑q- s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v. h‑m-I‑v-k‑n-t‑\-j³
£-X t‑\-c‑n-« k‑w-Ø‑m-\-§Ä- _‑m-[‑y-X-IÄ k‑w-Ø‑m-\-§Ä-
¡‑v I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n h‑m-I‑v-k‑n³ ¡‑p t‑a s‑I-«‑n-s‑h-¨-X‑n-\‑v
h‑n-X-c-W‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑n-e‑p‑w ]‑p-d-s‑a h‑m-I‑v-k‑n³ h‑m-§‑p-¶-
kÀ-¡‑mÀ A-e‑w-`‑m-h‑w I‑m-«‑n. X‑n-\‑v t‑I-{‑µ h‑n-e-t‑b-¡‑mÄ
A-[‑n-I X‑p-I C-S‑m-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m-
A-Ø‑m-\-¯‑p-Å ï‑v X‑n-«‑q-c-a‑n-d-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-
a‑p³-K-W-\-I-f‑p‑w b‑v-X‑p. £-b‑n-¨ k-¼-Z‑v t‑a-
hÀ-K‑o-b t‑_‑m-[‑y-§-f‑p‑w J-e-¡‑v k-a-{‑K-a‑m-b D-WÀ-Æ‑v
\Â-I‑p-I-t‑b‑m k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-a‑m-
A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-s‑a-¶‑v b-Y‑mÀ- b‑n k‑p-c-£‑n-X-c-Ã‑m-¯-hÀ-¡‑p
°-¯‑n ]-d-b‑m-h‑p-¶ H‑m-I‑v- t‑h-ï‑n [-\-s‑s‑I-a‑m-ä‑w k‑m-[‑y-
k‑n-P³ t‑k-h-\-§Ä t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w a‑m-¡‑p-I-t‑b‑m s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑p-a‑n-Ã.
A-\‑y‑w \‑n-¶-t‑¸‑m-f‑p‑w‑, c‑m-P‑y- C‑u Z‑p-c‑n-X I‑m-e-¯‑v t‑I-{‑µ-
X-e-Ø‑m-\-¯‑v t‑e‑m-I‑v-U‑u¬ kÀ-¡‑mÀ {‑]-I-S‑n-¸‑n-¨ l‑r-Z-b-
I‑m-e-¯‑p‑w "A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\ t‑k- i‑q-\‑y-X H-c‑p P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y c‑m-
h-\-s‑a-¶' H‑m-a-\-t‑¸-c‑n {‑]- P‑y-¯‑v D‑u-l‑n-¡‑m³ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w
[‑m-\ a-{‑´‑n-¡‑p-Å B-U‑w-_-c ]-ä‑m-¯-X‑m-W‑v-. C‑u s‑I-S‑p-I‑m-
h-k-X‑n-b-S-¡‑w X‑oÀ-¯‑p‑w c‑y-Ø-X h‑y‑m-]-I-a‑m-b h‑n-aÀ-

14 / Pq¬ / 2021

i-\-aÀ-l‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v. F-{‑X-t‑¯‑m-f‑w A-a‑n-X-a‑m-b
s‑]‑m-X‑p t‑c‑m-j‑w D-bÀ-¶- B-ß-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n-s‑â ]‑p-d-
¯‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨-
t‑X‑m-s‑S A-X‑n-s‑\ A-S‑n-¨-aÀ- d‑n-b‑m-\‑m-h‑p‑w. c-ï‑m‑w X-c‑w-
¯‑m-\‑p‑w h-g‑n-X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h‑n-S‑m-\‑p‑w K-s‑¯ {‑]-X‑n-t‑c‑m-[‑n-¡‑m³
P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y h‑n-c‑p-² \-S-]-S‑n- X-¡ H‑m-I‑v-k‑n-P-t‑\‑m h‑m-I‑v-k‑n-
I-f‑m-W‑v ]-e _‑n-s‑P-]‑n k‑w- t‑\‑m B-t‑c‑m-K‑y {‑]-hÀ-¯-I-
Ø‑m-\ `-c-W‑m-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-I-f‑p‑w s‑c-t‑b‑m H-c‑p-¡‑n-\‑nÀ-¯‑m-s‑X
{‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. H‑m-I‑v-k‑n-P³ P-\‑p-h-c‑n-b‑n-s‑e Z‑m-t‑h‑m-k‑v
£‑m-a-s‑¯ I‑p-d‑n-¨‑v ]-c‑m-X‑n- k-½‑n-ä‑n t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑n-s‑\-X‑n-
s‑¸-S‑p-¶-hÀ-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c c‑m-P‑y- s‑c t‑a‑m-U‑n \-S-¯‑n-b h‑n-P-
t‑{‑Z‑m-l-¡‑p-ä‑w N‑p-a-¯‑m-\‑m-W‑v b-{‑]-J‑y‑m-]-\‑w A-´‑m-c‑m-{‑ã
t‑b‑m-K‑n B-Z‑n-X‑y-\‑m-Z‑n-s‑â X‑o- X-e-¯‑n C-´‑y-s‑b h‑n-S‑m-
c‑p-a‑m-\‑w. a-l‑m-a‑m-c‑n-s‑b t‑\-c‑n- s‑X ]‑n-´‑p-S-c‑p-s‑a-¶‑v D-d-¸‑m-W‑v.
S‑p-¶-X‑n c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-\‑p-ï‑m-b C-¶‑v t‑a‑mÀ-¨-d‑n-I-f‑p‑w i‑v-a-i‑m-
]-c‑m-P-b-s‑¯ \‑n-X‑o-I-c‑n-¨- \-§-f‑p‑w \‑n-d-ª‑p-I-h‑n-ª‑p‑,
h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v h‑n-t‑Z-i K‑w-K-b‑n A-\‑m-Y t‑{‑]-X-§-
a-{‑´‑m-e-b‑w \-b-X-{‑´-Ú- s‑f‑m-g‑p-I‑p-¶‑p‑, t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑n-s‑â
t‑c‑m-S‑v B-h-i‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v. a‑qÀ-[-\‑y‑m-h-Ø c‑m-P‑y‑w I‑m-
kÀ-¡‑mÀ \-b-§-s‑f h‑n-aÀ-i‑n- W‑m-\‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-t‑¶-b‑p-Å‑q. t‑a‑m-
¡‑p-¶ t‑]‑m-Ì‑p-IÄ \‑o-¡‑w U‑n a-l‑m-a‑m-c‑n-s‑b s‑s‑I-I‑m-c‑y‑w
s‑N-¿‑m³ S‑z‑n-äÀ‑, -t‑^-k‑v-_‑p-¡‑v s‑N-b‑v-X c‑o-X‑n-s‑b t‑e‑m-I‑w
t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I a‑m-[‑y-a- a‑p-g‑p-h³ {‑]-i‑w-k‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-
§-f‑n K-h¬-s‑aâ‑v k-½À-±‑w ¶‑v s‑]-c‑p-¼-d-b-S‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-
s‑N-e‑p-¯‑p-¶‑p-a‑p-ï‑v. _‑n-s‑P- ï‑n-c‑p-¶ a-{‑´‑n-]‑p‑w-K-h-·‑mÀ
]‑n `-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ a‑p³-k‑n-¸Â C-´‑y³ P-\-X-s‑b \‑n-c‑m-i-s‑¸-
t‑I‑mÀ-]-t‑d-j-s‑â ]-c‑m-P-b‑w S‑p-¯‑n-b-X‑n-\‑v C-\‑n-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w
a-d-¨‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¡‑m³ t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑v £-a t‑N‑m-Z‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑p-ï‑v.
h‑mÀ-d‑q-a‑n-s‑e a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w P‑o-h-
\-¡‑m-s‑c t‑]-s‑c-S‑p-¯‑m-t‑£- hnh: Fw AÐp ^¯mlv
]‑n-¨‑v k‑m-a‑p-Z‑m-b‑n-I h‑n-t‑Z‑z-j‑w
]-c-¯‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v _‑w-K-f‑q-c‑p
k‑u-¯‑v F‑w-FÂ-F t‑X-P-
k‑z‑n k‑q-c‑y-b‑p‑w a-ä‑p _‑n-s‑P-]‑n
t‑\-X‑m-¡-f‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v.

a‑p³-I‑q-d‑m-b‑n k‑z-b‑w ]‑p-I-
g‑v-¯‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v t‑I-{‑µ kÀ-
¡‑mÀ I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n s‑N-b‑v-X-
X‑v. k‑z-´‑w ]‑u-c-·‑mÀ-¡‑v
h‑m-I‑v-k‑n³ e-`‑y-a‑m-I‑p-¶‑n-s‑Ã-
¶‑v h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ C-´‑y-b‑p-
s‑S h‑m-I‑v-k‑n³ I-b-ä‑p-a-X‑n

/ Pq¬ / 2021 15

\ne-]mSv knBÀ \oeIWvT³ -e-k‑v-
X‑o-
at[y-jy³ \‑p‑w
kwLÀj
¯nse ]C-{‑k-
t‑b-e‑p‑w X-½‑n-e‑p-Å
Zpc´ k‑w-LÀ-j-s‑¯
kqN\IÄ X-§-f‑p-t‑S-X‑m-b c‑o-
X‑n-b‑n h‑y‑m-J‑y‑m-
\‑n-¨‑p c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b
a‑p-X-s‑e-S‑p-¸‑p
\-S-¯‑m³ t‑I-c-f-
¯‑n-e‑p‑w C-´‑y-b‑n-
e‑p‑w t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑â
a-ä‑p `‑m-K-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w
\-S-¡‑p-¶ {‑i-a-§-
f‑m-W‑v H-c‑p-]-s‑£
A-h‑n-s‑S k-a‑m-
[‑m-\ P‑o-h‑n-X‑w
A-k‑m-[‑y-a‑m-¡‑n-b-
s‑X-¶‑p I‑m-W‑m‑w.
B-b‑n-c-¡-W-¡‑n-\‑v
k‑v-{‑X‑o-I-f‑p‑w I‑p-«‑n-

16 / Pq¬ / 2021

Ncn{Xhpw bmYmÀYy§fpw ad¨p]nSn¨v ]pcmW§fpw an¯pI
fpw sshImcnIXIfpw sIm@v XoÀ¯ \pW¡YbpsS
]n³_e¯n ^ek- Xv o\- nI- Ä¡p ta km{amPyXz AP@ \
S¸nem¡s¸SpIbmW.v atXXcsa¶v \mw Al¦cn¨ncp¶ tIc-
fob kaqlw t]mepw Adntªm AdnbmsXtbm Cu AP-@
bpsS `mKa- mIp¶p.

I-f‑p‑w A-S-¡-a‑p-Å-h-c‑p-s‑S B-c‑p-s‑S I‑p-ä‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v
P‑o-h³ A-h‑n-s‑S s‑]‑m-e‑n- k‑z-´‑w a-®‑n A-`-b‑mÀ-
ª‑p h‑o-W‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p‑, Y‑n-I-f‑p‑w X-S-h‑p-I‑m-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n
C-X‑n-\-I‑w. h-e‑n-b t‑X‑m- s‑h-Å-h‑p‑w `-£-W-h‑p‑w
X‑n k-¼-¯‑p \-i‑n-¡‑p- a-c‑p-¶‑p‑w I‑n-«‑m-s‑X \-c-I-
¶‑p. 18 e-£-¯‑n-e-[‑n-I‑w b‑m-X-\ A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v?
h-c‑p-¶ P-\-§Ä s‑h-d‑p‑w ]-c-k‑v-]-c‑w I-e-l‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-
356 N-X‑p-c-{‑i I‑n-t‑e‑m-a‑o- ï‑v C-X‑n-\‑p ]-c‑n-l‑m-c‑w
äÀ a‑m-{‑X-a‑p-Å K‑m-k‑m- I‑m-W‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑n-à F-¶-
a‑p-\-¼‑n P-b‑n-e‑n-s‑e-¶ d‑n-b‑m-¯-h-t‑c‑m A-h‑n-S-s‑¯
t‑]‑m-s‑e I-g‑n-b‑p-¶‑p. t‑\-X‑m-¡Ä? N-c‑n-{‑X-]-c-h‑p‑w
t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑e G-ä-h‑p‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-]-c-h‑p‑w a-X-]-c-h‑p-
h-e‑n-b P-b‑n F-¶‑m-W‑p s‑a-Ã‑m-a‑m-b A-t‑\-I a‑m-\-§-
A-X‑n-s‑\ a-\‑p-j‑y-k‑v-t‑\-l‑n- f‑p-Å H-c‑p h‑n-j-b-¯‑n-s‑e
IÄ h‑n-t‑i-j‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. N‑n-e {‑]-[‑m-\ t‑N‑m-Z‑y-§Ä

/ Pq¬ / 2021 17

D-¶-b‑n-¡‑m³ a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v s‑â I‑m-e-¯‑p X-s‑¶ h‑n-h‑n-[
C-h‑n-s‑S {‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. a-X-ØÀ I-e-l-§-f‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X
A-h‑n-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
P‑q-X-k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-s‑â B-h‑m-
k-t‑I-{‑µ-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ C-{‑k‑m- F-¶‑m ]-s‑¯‑m-¼-X‑m‑w
t‑b {‑]-t‑Z-i‑w t‑d‑m-a³ k‑m- \‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n-s‑â A-h-k‑m-\-s‑¯
{‑a‑m-P‑y‑w I‑o-g-S-¡‑n-b-t‑X‑m-s‑S c-ï‑v Z-i-I-§-f‑n k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-
G-X‑m-ï‑v c-ï‑v k-l-{‑k‑m-Ð‑w X‑z h‑y‑m-]-\-¯‑n-\‑p k-l‑m-b-
a‑p-¼‑v X-s‑¶ P‑q-XÀ t‑e‑m-I- I-a‑m-b h‑n-[-¯‑n P-\-§-s‑f
¯‑n-s‑â ]-e `‑m-K-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v `‑n-¶‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶ X-{‑´‑w
s‑N-¶‑v k‑z-´‑w X‑m-h-f‑w D-d-¸‑n- C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e-¶ t‑]‑m-s‑e A-h‑n-
¨‑p. C‑u Ø-e‑w ]‑n-s‑¶ N-c‑n- s‑S-b‑p‑w {‑]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑p. k-b-W‑n-
{‑X-¯‑n h-c‑p-¶-X‑v G-g‑m‑w k‑w F-¶ h‑w-i‑o-b hÀ-K‑o-b
\‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n J-e‑o-^ D-aÀ N‑n-´-¡‑v A-h‑n-s‑S A-S‑n-¯-d
A-d-_‑v `-c-W-IÀ-¯‑m-h‑m-b‑n ]‑m-I‑n. C-{‑k‑m-t‑b P‑q-X-·‑m-
h-¶-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v. s‑s‑_-_‑n-f‑n c‑p-s‑S h‑m-K‑v-Z-¯ `‑q-a‑n F-¶
G-s‑d Ø‑m-\-a‑p-Å s‑P-d‑p-k- a‑n-¯‑v ]‑p-\-c‑p-Ö‑o-h‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I
t‑e‑w ]-«-W‑w P‑q-X‑, s‑s‑{‑I-k‑v- F-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑n-s‑â
X-h‑, C-k‑v-e‑m‑w a-X-§Ä-¡‑p‑w X‑p-S-¡‑w. C-{‑k‑m-t‑b A-[‑n-
G-s‑d {‑]‑n-b-s‑¸-« B-c‑m-[-\‑m- \‑n-t‑h-i-¯‑n-s‑â X‑p-S-¡‑w
t‑I-{‑µ-a‑m-W‑v. J-e‑o-^ D-a-d‑n- F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑n I‑p-s‑d P‑q-X

18 / Pq¬ / 2021

I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-§-s‑f A-h‑n- b-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-¯‑n-\‑p
s‑S s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-¶‑p ]‑qÀ-® A‑w-K‑o-I‑m-c‑w
]‑mÀ-¸‑n-¨‑p. A-h-c‑p-s‑S \Â-I‑m³ {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v
B-h‑m-k t‑a-J-e-IÄ k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-X‑z‑w X-¿‑m-d‑m-
a-X‑n-e‑p-s‑I-«‑n a-d-¨‑p. b‑n. h-e‑n-b t‑X‑m-X‑nÂ
A-¶‑m-«‑n A-t‑¸‑mÄ P‑q-X-I‑p-S‑n-t‑b-ä-¯‑n-\‑v
a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w‑, {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑y³ k-l‑m-b-I-a‑m-b c‑o-X‑n-
a-X-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-I-f‑m- b‑n `‑q-a‑n s‑s‑I-a‑m-ä‑w
W‑v P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. \-S-¯‑n. X-§Ä-¡‑v
C-k‑v-e‑m‑w a-X-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-I-f‑n H-c‑p X-c-¯‑n-e‑p‑w A-h-I‑m-i-
a-l‑m-`‑q-c‑n-]-£-h‑p‑w t‑K‑m- s‑¸-S‑m-¯ `‑q-a‑n-b‑m-W‑v A-¶‑v
{‑X-h‑w-i ]‑m-c-¼-c‑y‑w s‑s‑I- {‑_‑n-«³ P‑q-XÀ-¡‑v \Â-I‑n-
s‑I‑m-ï-h-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑m-e‑n b-X‑v. C-X‑n-\‑p I‑q-«‑v \‑n-¶
t‑a-¡-e‑m-W‑v A-h-c‑p-s‑S {‑]-[‑m- {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v h‑n-t‑Z-i-I‑m-c‑y-a-{‑´‑n
\ s‑X‑m-g‑nÂ. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v s‑_Â-t‑^‑m-U‑v k‑z-b‑w H-c‑p
X-s‑¶ C-¶‑v \-a‑p-¡-d‑n-b‑m- {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑o-b k-b-W‑n-Ì‑v B-b‑n-
h‑p-¶ X-c-¯‑n-e‑p-Å `‑q-D-S-a- c‑p-¶‑p. "c‑m-P‑y-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ P-\-X-
Ø-X-s‑b‑m-¶‑p‑w D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p- ¡‑v P-\-X-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯ c‑m-P‑y‑w'
¶‑n-Ã. H-c‑n-S-¯‑p a-X‑n s‑I-«‑n \Â-I‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑v {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-
A-S-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ A-hÀ a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p ¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v C‑u s‑s‑I-
Z‑n-i-b‑n I‑m-e‑n-I-s‑f t‑a-¨‑p. a‑m-ä‑w \-S-¯‑n-b-X‑v. F-¶‑mÂ
C-X‑n-\‑p ]‑n-¶‑n-s‑e k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y- A-¡‑m-e-¯‑p ]-e-k‑v-X‑o-\‑nÂ
X‑z k-b-W‑n-Ì‑v A-P-ï-I-s‑f‑m- ]-¯‑p e-£-¯‑n-e-[‑n-I‑w
¶‑p‑w A-hÀ A-d‑n-ª-X‑p-a‑n-Ã. A-d-_‑n-IÄ (a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-
f‑p‑w {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑y‑m-\‑n-I-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n‑)
H-¶‑m‑w t‑e‑m-I-a-l‑m-b‑p-² D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶ k-X‑y‑w
I‑m-e-¯‑v H‑m-t‑«‑m-a‑m³ `-c-W- a-d-¨‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑m-W‑v P-\-§Ä
I‑q-S-s‑¯ X-IÀ-¡‑m³ P‑q-X- C-Ã‑m-¯ c‑m-P‑y‑w F-¶‑v
c‑p-s‑S ]‑n-´‑p-W B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b‑n {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-¨-X‑v. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑p-Å-X‑v
h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ k-b-W‑n-Ì‑v {‑]-X‑y-

_nsP]n F¡me¯pw C{ktbens\m¸am-
Wv \n¶n-«p-ÅXv. AXn\v AhÀ¡pÅ
\ymboIcWw Ckv-emtamt^m_nb
Xs¶bmWv. AXv kwLv]-cn-hmÀ
cm{ãob¯n\v tNcp¶XpamWv.

/ Pq¬ / 2021 19

k-a‑o-]-I‑m-e N-c‑n-{‑X‑w. s‑c C‑u \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-¨-X‑v.
PÀ-a-\‑n-b‑n l‑n-ä‑v-eÀ s‑P-d‑p-k-t‑e‑w F-Ã‑m a-X-h‑n-`‑m-K-
§Ä-¡‑p‑w H-c‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e A-h-I‑m-
`-c-W-I‑m-e-¯‑v A-X‑n-{‑I‑q- i-s‑¸-« H-c‑p A-´‑m-c‑m-{‑ã B-c‑m-
c-a‑m-b‑n ]‑o-U‑n-¸‑n-¡-s‑¸-« [-\‑m t‑I-{‑µ-a‑m-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑p-Å
P‑q-XÀ-¡‑v k‑z-´-a‑m-b‑n H-c‑p ]-c‑n-l‑m-c \‑nÀ-t‑±-i-§-s‑f-b‑m-W‑v
c‑m-P‑y‑w \Â-I‑n A-h-c‑p-s‑S C-´‑y-b‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w ]‑n-´‑m-§‑n-b-X‑v.
t‑{‑I‑m-[‑w I‑p-d-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n- ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v \-S-¶-X‑v k-b-W‑n-Ì‑v
c‑p-¶‑p k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-X‑z ]-²- A-[‑n-\‑n-t‑h-i-¯‑n-s‑â h‑y‑m-]-\-
X‑n. A-X‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-b‑m- a‑m-W‑v. 1967Â B-d‑p-Z‑n-\ b‑p-²‑w
W‑v ]-e-k‑v-X‑o-\‑n H-c‑p F-¶ t‑]-c‑n C-{‑k‑m-t‑bÂ
`‑m-K‑w C-{‑k‑m-t‑b F-¶ \-S-¯‑n-b I-t‑¿-ä-¯‑n c‑m-P‑y-
c‑m-P‑y-a‑m-b‑p‑w _‑m-¡‑n h‑n-k‑v-X‑oÀ-®‑w a‑q-¶‑n-c-«‑n-b‑m-¡‑n.
]-e-k‑v-X‑o-\‑m-b‑p‑w h‑n-`-P‑n- k-a‑o-]-¯‑p-Å t‑P‑mÀ-Z‑m³‑, k‑n-
¡‑m³ s‑F-I‑y-c‑m-{‑ã-k-`
A-S-¡‑w X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨-X‑v. sUm-WmÄ-Uv {Sw]v s_©-an³
s\-X-\ymlp
C-¯-c-s‑a‑m-c‑p h‑n-`-P-
\‑w A-[‑mÀ-a‑n-I-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v
A-¶‑p-X-s‑¶ ]-d-ª-h-
c‑n {‑]-a‑p-J³ a-l‑m-ß‑m-
K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H-c‑p
h‑n-`-P-\-¯‑n-s‑â B-g-t‑a-
d‑n-b a‑p-d‑n-h‑p-IÄ I-ï-X‑m-
I‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-a-S-¡-a‑p-Å-h-

20 / Pq¬ / 2021

d‑n-b‑, C‑u-P‑n-]‑v-X‑v X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h- H-¸‑w B c‑m-P‑y-§-f‑n-
c‑n \‑n-s‑¶-Ã‑m‑w `‑q-a‑n ]‑n-S‑n- s‑e c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b k‑m-¼-
s‑¨-S‑p-¯‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v 1973e‑p‑w ¯‑n-I L-S-\-b‑nÂ
t‑i-j‑w ]-e {‑]‑m-h-i‑y-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n P‑q-X-k-b-W‑n-Ì‑p-IÄ-
C‑u I-t‑¿-ä‑w X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p-t‑]‑m- ¡‑p-Å i-à-a‑m-b
¶‑p. k‑z‑m-[‑o-\-h‑p‑w.

]-e-k‑v-X‑o³ F-¶ c‑m-P‑y- s‑P-d‑p-k-t‑e‑w
¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-k-à‑n t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w C-{‑k-t‑b-e‑n-s‑â
C-¶‑v C-{‑k-t‑b-e‑p‑w A-h-s‑c X-e-Ø‑m-\-a‑m-b‑n
]‑n-´‑m-§‑p-¶ A-t‑a-c‑n-¡ A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-
A-S-¡-a‑p-Å-h-c‑p‑w A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n- \‑p-Å {‑S‑w-]‑n-s‑â
¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã. s‑h-Ì‑v _‑m-¦‑n-e‑p‑w {‑i-a-a‑m-W‑v C-t‑¸‑m-g-s‑¯ a-\‑p-
K‑m-k a‑p-\-¼‑n-e‑p‑w a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑n j‑y-I‑p-c‑p-X‑n-¡‑p I‑m-c-W-a‑m-
]-e-k‑v-X‑o³ P-\-X P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p- b-X‑v. b‑p-F³ A-S-¡-a‑p-Å
¶‑p. I-g‑n-ª \‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n-s‑e t‑e‑m-I-k-a‑q-l‑w H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w
G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b N‑m-e-I-i-à‑n- A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑n-«‑n-Ã‑m-¯ C‑u
b‑m-b‑n F-® X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v e-£‑y-s‑¯ {‑S‑w-]‑v `-c-W-I‑q-S‑w
C-{‑k-t‑b-e‑n-s‑\ ]‑n-´‑p-W-¡‑m- ]‑n-´‑m-§‑n. A-X‑n-\‑p t‑h-ï
\‑p‑w A-X‑p-h-g‑n B k-a‑r- k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I‑, s‑s‑k-\‑n-I
²-t‑a-J-e-b‑n X-§-f‑p-s‑S k-l‑m-b‑w \Â-I‑p-I a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã
i-à-a‑m-b H-c‑p X‑m-h-f‑w D-d- A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-b‑p-s‑S F‑w-_-k‑n
¸‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-b-S-¡- P-d‑p-k-t‑e-a‑n Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑m³
a‑p-Å-h-s‑c t‑{‑]-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p.
1948 a‑p-XÂ- 2016 h-s‑c-b‑p-Å
I‑m-e-¯‑v C-{‑k-t‑b-e‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m-
b‑n 225 {‑]-t‑a-b-§Ä s‑F-I‑y-
c‑m-{‑ã-k-` ]‑m-k‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v.
2013Â c‑q-]‑w s‑I‑m-ï b‑p-F³
a-\‑p-j‑y‑m-h-I‑m-i k‑w-L-S-\
X-s‑¶ 45 {‑]-t‑a-b-§Ä C-hÀ-
s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c ]‑m-k‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p-
ï‑m-b‑n. F-¶‑m b‑p-F³
s‑k-I‑y‑q-c‑n-ä‑n I‑u¬-k‑n-e‑nÂ
X-§-f‑p-s‑S h‑o-t‑ä‑m A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑w
D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑v C-{‑k‑m-t‑b-e‑n-s‑\
Ø‑n-c-a‑m-b‑n c-£‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑n-
c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-X‑z‑w.
C-s‑X‑m-c‑p a-X-h‑n-j-b-a-Ã
F-¶ k-X‑y-a‑m-W‑v B-Z‑y-a‑m-
b‑n a-d-¨‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v.
N-c‑n-{‑X-]-c-a‑m-b‑n B `‑q-a‑n-b‑nÂ

/ Pq¬ / 2021 21

A-t‑\-I X-e-a‑p-d-I-f‑m-b‑n ]-¦‑p‑w C-{‑k‑m-t‑b D-bÀ-
P‑o-h‑n-¨‑p-h-¶ a-\‑p-j‑y-c‑n ¯‑p-¶ t‑Z-i-k‑v-t‑\-l‑w F-¶
a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w‑, {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑y³ a-X-h‑n- a-X-k‑v-t‑\-l-¯‑n-s‑â k-b-
i‑z‑m-k‑n-I-f‑p-ï‑v. I‑p-c‑n-i‑p-b‑p-²- W‑n-Ì‑v {‑]-X‑y-b-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-s‑¯
¯‑n-s‑â C-c-I-f‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑n F-X‑nÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p. I-S‑p-¯
\‑n-¶‑p‑w c-£-s‑¸-s‑«-¯‑n-b k-¦‑p-N‑n-X t‑Z-i‑o-b-h‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-b
P‑q-XÀ-¡‑p‑w A-d-_‑v `-c-W- s‑\-X-\‑y‑m-l‑p-h‑n-\‑p B c‑m-
¯‑n A-h‑n-s‑S k‑w-c-£-W‑w P‑y-s‑¯ `‑q-c‑n-]-£-¯‑n-s‑â-
I‑n-«‑n. ]-s‑£ C-¶‑v P‑q-X-c‑p‑w b‑p‑w ]‑n-´‑p-W-b‑n-Ã. t‑e‑m-I-
a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-f‑p‑w X-½‑n-e‑p-Å ¯‑n-s‑â a-ä‑p `‑m-K-§-f‑n-e‑p-Å
k‑w-LÀ-j h‑n-j-b-a‑m-¡‑n P‑q-X-c‑p‑w C-X‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m-W‑v.
A-X‑n-s‑\ a‑m-ä‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m- PÀ-½³ ^‑m-j‑n-k-¯‑n-s‑â
W‑v. k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-X‑z‑w t‑e‑m-I- I-S‑p-¯ C-c-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ t‑e‑m-
a‑m-s‑I h‑y‑m-]‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑n- I-{‑]-i-k‑v-X i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-Ú³
¡‑p-¶ C-k‑v-e‑m-t‑a‑m-t‑^‑m-_‑n-b BÂ-s‑_À-S‑v s‑F³-Ì‑o³
a-d-b‑m-¡‑n C-{‑k‑m-t‑b-e‑n-\‑p H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w C-{‑k‑m-t‑b-e‑n-s‑\
]‑n-´‑p-W D-ï‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. a-c-W‑w
C-X‑n-s‑â e-£‑y‑w. h-s‑c A-t‑±-l‑w A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-
b‑n-e‑m-W‑v P‑o-h‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-¶-X‑v.
C-¶-s‑¯ C-{‑k‑m-t‑b-e‑n-\- P‑q-X-a-X-¯‑n P-\‑n-¨-h-s‑c-
I-¯‑p X-s‑¶-b‑p-Å P‑q-X-a- ¦‑n-e‑p‑w t‑\‑m‑w t‑N‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑n-s‑b-
X-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-I-f‑n \-s‑Ã‑m-c‑p

22 / Pq¬ / 2021

t‑¸‑m-e‑p-Å N‑n-´- A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v k-a‑m-
IÀ C-{‑k‑m-t‑b [‑m-\-]-c-a‑m-b k-l-hÀ-¯‑n-
\-S-¯‑p-¶ a-\‑p-j‑y‑m- X‑z‑w D-ï‑m-I-W-s‑a-¶‑p-a‑p-Å
h-I‑m-i-e‑w-L-\-§- t‑e‑m-I‑m-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-¯‑n-s‑\‑m-¸-a‑m-
s‑f ]-c-k‑y-a‑m-b‑n W‑v C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w H‑u-t‑Z‑y‑m-K‑n-I-
h‑n-aÀ-i‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. a‑m-b‑n C-´‑y \‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.
F-¶‑m ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v A-X‑nÂ
C-´‑y F-¡‑m-e- N‑n-e a‑m-ä-§Ä Z‑r-i‑y-a‑m-b‑n.
¯‑p‑w ]-e-k‑v-X‑o³
P-\-X-s‑¡‑m-¸-a‑m- 1990I-f‑n t‑k‑m-h‑n-b-ä‑v
W‑v \‑n-e-s‑I‑m-ï‑n- b‑q-W‑n-b-s‑â X-IÀ-¨-¡‑v t‑i-
«‑p-Å-X‑v. 1964Â ]‑n j-a‑p-ï‑m-b t‑e‑m-I-k‑m-l-N-c‑y-
F H(]-e-k‑v-X‑o³ ¯‑n C-{‑k-t‑b-e‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p-Å
e‑n-_-t‑d-j³ H‑mÀ- C-´‑y-b‑p-s‑S k-a‑o-]-\-¯‑nÂ
K-s‑s‑\-t‑k-j³‑) a‑m-ä‑w-h-¶‑p. C-{‑k-t‑b-e‑n-s‑\
c‑q-]‑w s‑I‑m-ï-t‑¸‑mÄ A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑h-¶‑v a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã
C-´‑y A-X‑n-s‑\ A-h-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n h-e‑n-b t‑X‑m-X‑n-
]‑n-´‑p-W-¨‑p. 1975Â e‑p-Å k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I‑, s‑s‑k-
]-e-k‑v-X‑o³ F-¶ \‑n-I C-S-]‑m-S‑p-IÄ \-S-¯‑p-
c‑m-P‑y-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n \-b-X- ¶‑p. A-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w ]-e-k‑v-X‑o³
{‑´-_-Ô‑w {‑]-J‑y‑m-
]‑n-¨‑p. A-h-c‑p-s‑S sFIycm{ãk` C{ktbens\Xnscbpw
H-c‑p H‑m-^‑n-k‑v Z‑n- ]mekv-Xo\v- th@nbpw ]mkm¡nb
Ã‑n-b‑n X‑p-d-¶‑p. FÃm {]tab§sfbpw C´y ]n´m§n-
1980Â ]-e-k‑v-X‑o-s‑â bn«p@v. km{amPyXzw \S¯nb hn`P\
]‑qÀ-® c‑q-]-¯‑n- Zpc´§Ä¡v ]cnlmcw ImWWsa¶pw
e‑p-Å \-b-X-{‑´ Zzncm{ãw F¶ XXzw C{kmtbÂ
H‑m-^‑o-k‑v X‑p-d-¶‑p. AwKoIcn¨psIm@v kam[m\]camb
s‑F-I‑y-c‑m-{‑ã-k-` klhÀ¯nXzw D@mIWsa¶pap
C-{‑k-t‑b-e‑n-s‑\-X‑n- Å temIm`n{]mb¯ns\m¸amWv
s‑c-b‑p‑w ]‑m-e-k‑v- HutZymKnIambn C´ybpÅXv.
X‑o-\‑v- t‑h-ï‑n-b‑p‑w
]‑m-k‑m-¡‑n-b F-Ã‑m / Pq¬ / 2021 23
{‑]-t‑a-b-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w
C-´‑y ]‑n-´‑m-§‑n-b‑n-
«‑p-ï‑v. k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-X‑z‑w
\-S-¯‑n-b h‑n-`-P-
\-¯‑n Z‑p-c-´-
§Ä-¡‑v ]-c‑n-l‑m-c‑w
I‑m-W-W-s‑a-¶‑p‑w
Z‑z‑n-c‑m-{‑ã‑w F-¶
X-X‑z‑w C-{‑k‑m-t‑bÂ

P-\-\-X-s‑¡‑m-¸-s‑a-¶ \‑n-e-]‑m- s‑â t‑\-X‑m-¡-s‑f I-ï‑p. B
S‑n a‑m-ä-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-Ã. 2017e‑m- {‑]-t‑Z-i-¯‑p t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶ B-Z‑y
W‑v I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b H-c‑p a‑m-ä‑w C-´‑y³ {‑]-[‑m-\-a-{‑´‑n F-¶
{‑]-I-S-a‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v. P-d‑p-k-t‑e- I‑oÀ-¯‑n-b‑p‑w k-¼‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p.
a‑n b‑p-F-k‑v Ø‑m-\-]-X‑n
I‑m-c‑y‑m-e-b‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑p-s‑a- C-t‑¸‑mÄ C‑u h‑n-j-b‑w
¶‑p {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-¨ I‑m-e-¯‑m- t‑I-c-f-¯‑n C-{‑X-t‑b-s‑d
W‑v {‑]-[‑m-\-a-{‑´‑n t‑a‑m-U‑n B NÀ-¨-b‑m-b-X‑v A-h‑n-s‑S \-S-
c‑m-P‑y‑w k-µÀ-i‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. ¶ k‑w-LÀ-j-¯‑n k‑u-a‑y
C-X‑n-\‑p ]-c‑n-l‑m-c-s‑a-¶ c‑o-X‑n- F-¶ k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑n s‑I‑m-Ã-s‑¸-
b‑n A-S‑p-¯ hÀ-j‑w X-s‑¶ «-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p-Å
(2018‑) A-t‑±-l‑w k‑w-LÀ-j- a-e-b‑m-f‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S {‑]-X‑n-I-c-W‑w
_‑m-[‑n-X {‑]-t‑Z-i-a‑m-b ]-e-k‑v- \-s‑½ A-£-c‑mÀ-°-¯‑nÂ
X‑o-\‑n-s‑e c‑m-a-Å-b‑n t‑]‑m-b‑n s‑R-«‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v. C-{‑k‑m-
A-h‑n-s‑S `-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ l-a‑m-k‑n- t‑b-e‑n-s‑â F-Ã‑m a-\‑p-j‑y-h‑n-
c‑p-² {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w

24 / Pq¬ / 2021

\‑y‑m-b‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w a-l-X‑z- C-h-c‑p-s‑S \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p-I-f‑nÂ
hÂ-¡-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ a-ä‑p N‑n-e I-S‑p-¯ s‑s‑h-c‑p-
H-c‑p P-\-h‑n-`‑m-K‑w C-h‑n-s‑S [‑y-§-f‑p-ï‑v. _‑n-s‑P-]‑n-b‑p-s‑S
c‑q-]-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-s‑â c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑m-S‑n-¯-d-b‑m-b BÀ-
c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑, k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I F-k‑v-F-k‑n-s‑â h‑o-c-]‑p-c‑p-j-
]-Ý‑m-¯-e‑w ]-c‑n-t‑i‑m-[‑n-¡- \‑m-W‑v A-t‑U‑mÄ-^‑v l‑n-ä‑v-eÀ.
s‑¸-t‑S-ï-X‑m-W‑v. C-t‑¸‑mÄ ^‑m-j‑n-k-h‑p‑w h‑w-i‑o-b-X-b‑p-
C-´‑y `-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ _‑n-s‑P-]‑n a‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m l‑n-ä‑v-e-d‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w
F-¡‑m-e-¯‑p‑w C-{‑k-t‑b-e‑n- c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑w. t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑â
s‑\‑m-¸-a‑m-W‑v \‑n-¶‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v. a‑p-¶‑n P‑q-X-·‑mÀ D-bÀ-
A-X‑n-\‑v A-hÀ-¡‑p-Å \‑y‑m-b‑o- ¯‑n-¡‑m-«‑p-¶-X‑v l‑n-ä‑v-e-d‑p-s‑S
I-c-W‑w t‑\-c-s‑¯ ]-d-ª ]‑o-U-\-§-f‑m-W‑v. C-{‑k‑m-
C-k‑v-e‑m-t‑a‑m-t‑^‑m-_‑n-b X-s‑¶- t‑b c‑m-P‑y‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-¡-W‑w
b‑m-W‑v. A-X‑v C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e F-¶ B-h-i‑y-s‑¯ ]-e-c‑p‑w
A-h-c‑p-s‑S c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-\‑v ]‑n-´‑m-§‑n-b-X‑p‑w C-X‑n-s‑â
t‑N-c‑p-¶-X‑p-a‑m-W‑v. A-hÀ-¡‑p t‑]-c‑n-e‑m-W‑v. C-¶‑v C-{‑k‑m-
a-l‑m-`‑q-c‑n-]-£-a‑p-Å t‑I-{‑µ t‑b-e‑n-\‑p ]‑n-´‑p-W-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n
kÀ-¡‑mÀ C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w ]-e-k‑v- h-c‑p-¶ k-hÀ-® ^‑m-j‑n-Ì‑p-
X‑o-s‑\ ]‑n-´‑m-§‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑â I-f‑p-s‑S C-c-«-¯‑m-¸‑v h‑y-à-a‑m-
I‑m-c-W‑w A-´‑m-c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b- W‑v. H-t‑c k-a-b‑w l‑n-ä‑v-e-d‑p-s‑S
a‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-s‑\ X-Å‑n k‑z- t‑l‑m-t‑f‑m-I‑m-Ì‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w P‑q-X-
´‑w k‑z‑mÀ-°-X a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p ·‑m-s‑c-b‑p‑w ]‑n-´‑p-W-¡‑p-¶‑,
s‑I‑m-ï‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑m³ A-hÀ- t‑h-«-¡‑m-c-\‑p‑w C-c-¡‑p‑w H-¸‑w
¡‑m-h‑n-Ã. A-X‑n-\-¸‑p-d‑w \‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n.

/ Pq¬ / 2021 25

t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e {‑I‑n-k‑v- ¯‑n k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-X‑z A-P-ï
X‑y³ k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-s‑e H-c‑p \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v.
h‑n-`‑m-K-h‑p‑w C-¶‑v C-k‑v-e‑m- a-t‑X-X-c-s‑a-¶‑v \‑m‑w A-l-
t‑a‑m-t‑^‑m-_‑n-b-¡‑v A-S‑n-a-I-f‑m- ¦-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ H-c‑p k-a‑q-l‑w
b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v I‑m-W‑m‑w. A-d‑n-t‑ª‑m A-d‑n-b‑m-s‑X-t‑b‑m
t‑e‑m-I-N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n G-ä-h‑p- A-S‑n-a-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p. C-X‑n-s‑â
a-[‑n-I‑w hÀ-K‑o-b t‑]‑m-c‑m-«- Z‑p-c-´‑w Z‑oÀ-L-I‑m-e‑w \‑n-e-
§-f‑p‑w s‑I‑m-e-]‑m-X-I-§-f‑p‑w \‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v. F-®-
\-S-¶‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v C‑u c-ï‑v s‑b-¶ s‑]‑m-¶‑n-s‑â I‑m-e‑w
h‑n-`‑m-K-§Ä X-½‑n-e‑m-W‑v. C-\‑n A-[‑n-I-a‑n-Ã. A-X‑v
G-ä-h‑p-a-[‑n-I‑w P‑q-XÀ s‑I‑m-Ã- X‑oÀ-¶‑m ]-W‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-
s‑¸-«‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑y‑m-\‑n-I- ¯‑p C-{‑k‑m-t‑b-e‑n-s‑\ \‑n-e-
f‑p-s‑S B-{‑I-a-W-§-f‑n-e‑m-W‑v. \‑nÀ-¯‑m³ k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-X‑z‑w
l‑n-ä‑v-eÀ-¡‑v G-ä-h‑p-a-[‑n-I‑w X-¿‑m-d‑m-I‑n-Ã. C-{‑k‑m-t‑bÂ
]‑n-´‑p-W \Â-I‑n-b a‑p-t‑k‑m- X-I-c‑p‑w. A-X‑n-\‑p‑w a‑p-t‑¼
f‑n-\‑n F-¶ ^‑m-j‑n-Ì‑n-s‑â X-s‑¶ a-ä‑p I‑m-c-W-§-f‑m-
k-l‑m-b‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-t‑Ã‑m e‑p‑w A-X‑v k‑w-`-h‑n-t‑¨-¡‑m‑w.
A-¶-s‑¯ a‑mÀ-]‑m-¸. F-¶‑m B I-]-S-N-c‑n-{‑X-
t‑_‑m-[-h‑p‑w A-X‑n-t‑Z-i-k‑v-t‑\-
C-h‑n-s‑S N-c‑n-{‑X-h‑p‑w b‑m- l-h‑p‑w A-X‑v l‑r-Z-b-§-f‑nÂ
Y‑mÀ-Y‑y-§-f‑p‑w a-d-¨‑p ]‑n-S‑n- k‑r-ã‑n-¨ a‑p-d‑n-h‑p-I-f‑p‑w k-a‑q-
¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p. ]‑p-c‑m-W-§-f‑p‑w l-¯‑n-s‑e h‑n-Å-e‑p-I-f‑p‑w X‑p-
a‑n-¯‑p-I-f‑p‑w s‑s‑h-I‑m-c‑n-I- S-c‑p‑w. A-X‑m-I‑p‑w Z‑oÀ-L-I‑m-e
X-I-f‑p‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑v X‑oÀ-¯ Z‑p-c-´‑w.
\‑p-W-¡-Y-b‑p-s‑S ]‑n³-_-e-

26 / Pq¬ / 2021

Sn.sI i^oJv Ip¼nSn

Itó s]m¡pS³

hyXykvX AScpIfpÅ PohnXw

I-t‑ó s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑\ t‑I-c-f‑w F-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v h‑m-b‑n-¨-X‑v?
{‑]-I‑r-X‑n k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-b‑m-b‑, Z-f‑n-X-\‑m-b‑, c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b {‑]-hÀ-
¯-I-\‑p‑w h‑n-¹-h-I‑m-c‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑, P‑m-X‑o-b-a‑m-b h‑n-t‑h-N-
\-§-f-\‑p-`-h‑n-¨ A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ F-{‑X t‑]À-¡-d‑n-b‑m‑w? a-e-b‑m-f‑n-s‑b
]-c‑n-Ø‑n-X‑n k‑w-c-£-W-¯‑n-s‑â A-t‑\-I‑w P‑o-h‑n-X ]‑mT-§Ä ]
T‑n-¸‑n-¨‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w A-c-s‑§‑m-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.

/ Pq¬ / 2021 27

Itó s]m¡pS³ Hcp hyàn-
bÃ, Hcp kwkvImcamWv.
Xncp-¯p-I-fpsS Hcp _nw_-
hp-w. hcpw Xeapd¡v IqSn
]¨¸v ]IÀ¶p \ÂIWsa¶
BßmÀ°X am{Xambncp¶p
B a\ojn¡v.

1989Â I-®‑qÀ ]-g-b-§‑m- X-e-d‑n-b‑q. h-c‑p‑w X-e-a‑p-d-¡‑v I‑q-S‑n
S‑n-b‑n s‑h-Å‑w I-b-d‑n s‑N-f‑n ]-¨-¸‑v ]-IÀ-¶‑v \Â-I-W-s‑a-¶
\‑n-d-ª h-g‑n-I-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S I‑p-«‑n- B-ß‑mÀ-°-X a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p
IÄ k‑v-I‑q-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v B a-l‑m-a-\‑o-j‑n-¡‑v.
I-ï‑m-W‑v I-t‑ó s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S³
I-ï P‑o-h‑n-X‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p-¶- s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S³ H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n-b-Ã.
X‑v. A-h‑n-S-¶‑n-t‑§‑m-«‑p-Å s‑]‑m- H-c‑p k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-a‑m-W‑v. X‑n-c‑p-¯‑p-
¡‑p-S-s‑\ I‑p-d‑n-t‑¨ \-a‑p-¡‑v I‑q-S‑p- I-f‑p-s‑S H-c‑p _‑n‑w-_-h‑p-a‑m-W‑v.

28 / Pq¬ / 2021

{‑]-I‑r-X‑n-s‑b A-{‑X-t‑a k‑v-t‑\- h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X b‑q-W‑n-t‑h-g‑v-k‑n-ä‑n-I-
l‑n-¨‑, I-a‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑v ]‑mÀ-«‑n-b‑n-s‑e f‑n K-t‑h-j-W h‑n-j-b-a‑m-b‑,
h‑n-¹-h t‑]‑m-c‑m-f‑n-b‑p‑w ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v b‑p-s‑\-k‑v-t‑I‑m-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-t‑X‑y-I
A-t‑X {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑p- ]-c‑m-aÀ-i‑w e-`‑n-¨ s‑]‑m-¡‑p-
X-s‑¶ h‑n-t‑h-N-\-§-f‑p‑w X‑n-c- S-s‑\ ]-t‑£‑, a-e-b‑m-f‑n t‑h-ï-
k‑v-I-c-W-§-f‑p‑w t‑\-c‑n-«‑, Z-f‑n- {‑X DÄ-s‑¡‑m-ï‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v ]-d-b‑m‑w.
X‑v k-a‑p-Z‑m-b c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n A-X‑n-\‑v c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-h‑p‑w k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-
{‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨‑, t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑e I-h‑p-a‑m-b [‑m-c‑m-f‑w I‑m-c-W-§Ä

/ Pq¬ / 2021 29

D-ï‑m-t‑b-¡‑m‑w. F-¦‑n-e‑p‑w s‑]‑m- F³.{‑]-`‑m-I-c³ A-h-X‑m-c‑n-I
¡‑p-S-s‑\-¶ {‑]-I‑r-X‑n k‑w-c-£- c-N‑n-¨ 2002Â ]‑p-d-¯‑n-d-§‑n-b
I-s‑\ \‑m-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-b‑n "I-ï I‑m-S‑p-IÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑nÂ
t‑IÄ-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w I‑m-W‑p-I-b‑p‑w F-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X‑w‑' F-¶ ]‑p-k‑v-
s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. X-I‑w. a-t‑ä-X‑v, s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑â a-I-
\‑p‑w a‑m-[‑y-a {‑]-hÀ-¯-I-\‑p-a‑m-b
A-k‑v-]‑r-i‑y-X-b‑p-s‑S I‑m-e-¯‑v {‑i‑o-P‑n-¯‑v s‑s‑]-X-t‑e-b³ t‑I-
P-\‑n-¨‑v _‑m-e‑y-I‑m-e-¯‑v X-s‑¶ s‑«-g‑p-X‑n-b ‑"F-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X‑w‑'.
P-·‑n-b‑p-s‑S ]‑m-S-t‑¯-¡‑n-d-§‑n-b‑, H-c‑mÄ-¡‑v c-ï‑v B-ß-I-Y-I-s‑f-
]-X‑n-s‑\-«‑m‑w h-b-Ê‑n A-h‑n- g‑p-t‑X-ï‑n h-c‑p-¶ {‑]-X‑n-`‑m-k‑w
`-à I-a‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑v ]‑mÀ-«‑n-b‑n I‑q-S‑n s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-\‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. X-s‑â
t‑NÀ-¶‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨ s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S- k‑z-]‑v-\-§-s‑f-´‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¶‑p‑w
\‑v {‑]-I‑r-X‑n P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑â A‑w- t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑â a‑p-J‑y-[‑m-c-b‑nÂ
i‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±- \‑n-¶‑v A-s‑X-§-s‑\ X-g-b-s‑¸-
l-¯‑n-s‑e h-e‑n-b a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑\ «‑p-s‑h-¶‑p‑w ]-¦‑p-s‑h-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v
A-d‑n-b‑m³ c-ï‑v B-ß-I-Y-I- C‑u ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-§-f‑n A-t‑±-l‑w
f‑m-W‑v \-a‑p-¡‑v a‑p-¶‑n-e‑p-Å-X‑v. {‑i-a‑n-¨-X‑v.
H-¶‑v, X‑m-l a‑m-S‑m-b‑n t‑I-s‑«-g‑p-X‑n

30 / Pq¬ / 2021

s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑\-¶ ]‑p-e-b³

"H-c‑p ]‑p-e-b-\‑v P‑o-h-N-c‑n-{‑X-a‑p-t‑ï‑m? F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w a-c‑n-
¡‑p-I-t‑b‑m A-´-c‑n-¡‑p-I-t‑b‑m s‑N-¿‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ N-¯‑v t‑]‑m-
I‑p-¶ P-·-§-s‑f-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v F-´‑v ]-d-b‑m-\‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v N‑n-eÀ
t‑N‑m-Z‑n-t‑¨-¡‑p‑w. Ø‑n-c‑w k‑w-i-b‑m-e‑p-¡-f‑m-b B k‑p-l‑r-
¯‑p-¡Ä-¡‑v R‑m³ Z‑oÀ-L‑m-b‑p-Ê‑v t‑\-c‑p-¶‑p'þ H-c‑p ]‑p-e-
b-s‑â \‑n-Ê‑w-K-a‑m-b P-·-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å A-aÀ-j-h‑p‑w
t‑h-Z-\-b‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w C‑u k‑z-c-¯‑n s‑X-f‑n-ª‑v I‑n-S-¸‑p-ï‑v.

s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X‑m-c‑w-`-I‑m-e‑w P‑m-X‑o-b-a‑m-b D-¨-\‑o-
N-X‑z-§-f‑p-s‑S `‑o-I-c‑m-h-Ø-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ‑'s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S³‑'
F-¶ t‑]-c‑n-\‑v ]‑n-¶‑n X-s‑¶ A-k‑v-]‑r-i‑y-X-b‑p-s‑S I-Y
]-d-b‑m-\‑p-s‑ï-¶‑v A-t‑±-l‑w B-ß-I-Y-b‑n ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-
ï‑v. t‑I-c-f-¯‑n P‑m-X‑n h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p {‑]-i‑v-\-a‑m-W‑v. \‑m-s‑a-
s‑´‑m-s‑¡ t‑\-S‑n-b‑m-e‑p‑w‑, G-X‑v Ø‑m-\-§-f‑n-e‑n-c‑p-¶‑m-e‑p‑w
\-½‑p-s‑S P‑m-X‑n N‑n-´ D-Å‑n-e‑n-c‑p-¶‑v N‑p-c a‑m-´‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑n-
c‑n-¡‑p‑w. N‑p-ä‑p-a‑p-Å-h-c‑n \‑n-¶‑v A-X‑n-s‑â {‑]-X‑n-^-e-\-a-
\‑p-`-h‑n-¨‑v s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑â A-Ñ-s‑\‑m-c‑p P-·‑n-
b‑p-s‑S ]-W‑n-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X‑m-g‑v-¶ P‑m-X‑n-¡‑mÀ-¡‑v ]
T‑n-¡‑m-\-h-I‑m-i-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯-X‑n-\‑m c-ï‑m‑w ¢‑m-k‑n ]T-\‑w
\‑nÀ-¯‑n s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-\‑p‑w A-Ñ-s‑\‑m-¸‑w ]‑m-S-t‑¯-¡‑n-d-§‑n.

P‑m-X‑o-b-a‑m-b {‑]‑n-h‑n-t‑e-P‑v C-Ã‑m-¯-X‑v s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v s‑]‑m-
¡‑p-S³ a‑p-J‑y-[‑m-c-b‑n B-t‑L‑m-j‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑m-s‑X t‑]‑m-
b-s‑X-¶ B-t‑£-]‑w ]-c-s‑¡-b‑p-ï‑v. I‑m-c-W‑w ]‑p-e-b³
h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p _‑n‑w-_-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑p-¶-X‑v t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑â k‑m‑w-k‑v-
I‑m-c‑n-I N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n A-{‑X ]-c‑n-N‑n-X-a-Ã. ]-e k-a-b-¯‑p‑w
{‑]-X‑y-£-a‑m-b‑p‑w A-Ã‑m-s‑X-b‑p‑w P‑m-X‑o-b-a‑m-b A-[‑n-t‑£-]-
§-f‑p‑w _-l‑n-j‑v-¡-c-W-§-f‑p‑w s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-\-\‑p-`-h‑n-¨-X‑m-b‑n
"F-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X‑w‑' ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. P-·‑n-¯-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-s‑c-b‑p‑w
X-s‑â k-a‑p-Z‑m-b-s‑¯ A-S‑n-a-¸-W‑n-¡‑m-c‑m-b‑n \‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯‑p-¶
h‑y-h-Ø‑n-X‑n-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c-b‑p‑w s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S³ k-a-c‑w \-S-¯‑p-
I-b‑p‑w P-b‑n-e‑n t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p-ï‑v.

G-t‑g‑m‑w IÀ-j-I k-a-c‑w t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e I‑mÀ-j‑n-I
k-a-c-§-f‑p-s‑S I‑q-«-¯‑n {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-«-X‑m-W‑v. h-t‑c-W‑y
hÀ-K-¯‑n-s‑â l‑p-¦‑n-s‑\-X‑n-s‑c s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S³ \-b‑n-¨ {‑]-t‑£‑m-
`-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑v. s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑\ ]‑p-e-b-s‑\-¶‑v ]-c‑n-N-b-
s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑â {‑]-[‑m-\ D-t‑±-i‑y‑w‑, ]‑p-e-b-\‑m-b-X‑n-\‑mÂ
X-g-b-s‑¸-« B k‑z-X‑z‑w X-s‑¶ D-bÀ-¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v
h‑n-t‑h-N-\-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-s‑c-b‑p-Å c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b {‑]-X‑n-t‑c‑m-[-a‑m-b-
X‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v.

/ Pq¬ / 2021 31

I@epIfpsS hn¯pIÄ
tiJcn¨v sIm@ph¶v Xsâ
Bßmhns\m¸w a®nÂ
Bg¯n Ipgn¨nSpIbmbn
cp¶p At±lw. I@Â hen
sbmcp ImSmbn hfcp¶Xv
I@mWv s]m¡pSs\ \m«pIm-
cpw temIhpw Adnbp¶Xv.

s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑\-¶ c-h-¯‑n I‑m-W‑p-I-b‑p‑w I-ïÂ
h-fÀ-¯-e‑n-\‑v k-l‑m-b-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n
s‑s‑P-h-a-\‑p-j‑y³ a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑v h-c‑n-I-b‑p-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. ]‑n-
¶‑o-S‑v t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-e‑p-S-\‑o-f‑w k‑v-
"\-ã-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ l-c‑n-X-I‑m-´‑n- I‑q-f‑p-IÄ t‑I-{‑µ‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p‑w {‑]‑m-
s‑b B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¨‑v F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w t‑Z-i‑n-I I‑q-«‑m-b‑v-a-I-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑p‑w
t‑h-ï‑n I-ï I‑m-S‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S I-ï-e‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y-s‑¯-
h‑n-¯‑v ]‑m-I‑p-¶-h³'þ G-ä-h‑p‑w ¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v B a-\‑p-j‑y³ h‑m-t‑X‑m-
{‑l-k‑z-a‑m-b‑n s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑\-¶ c‑m-s‑X k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-t‑ï-b‑n-
s‑s‑P-h-a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑\ s‑X‑m-«‑p-I‑m- c‑p-¶‑p.
W‑n-¡‑m³ C‑u h-c‑n-IÄ [‑m-c‑m-
f-a‑m-W‑v. 1989e‑m-W‑v I-®‑qÀ ]‑p- I-®‑qÀ P‑n-Ã-b‑n-s‑e G-t‑g‑m‑w
X‑n-b-§‑m-S‑n-b‑n-s‑e a‑p-«‑p-I-ï‑n _- ]-©‑m-b-¯‑n 580 G-¡-d‑nÂ
ï‑n-s‑â I-c-b‑n I-ï s‑N-S‑n- s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S³ I-ï s‑h-¨‑p-]‑n-
IÄ \-«‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v I-ï k‑w- S‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. A-£-c-Ú‑m-\‑w
c-£-W‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. k‑v-I‑q-f‑n \‑n-¶‑v ]-IÀ-¶‑p I‑n-
{‑]-I‑r-X‑n k‑w-c-£-W c‑w-K-¯‑v «‑n-b‑n-«‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w X-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X-
A-X‑v ]‑p-¯-s‑\‑m-c‑p-WÀ-h‑p ]-IÀ- ¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S a-ä‑p-Å-hÀ-¡‑v ]‑mT-a‑m-
¶‑p. I‑m³ ]‑m-I-¯‑n h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p
kÀ-Æ-I-e‑m-i‑m-e-b‑m-I‑m³ A-t‑±-
{‑]‑m-´³ I-ï-e‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S l-¯‑n-\‑v I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. t‑I-c-f-
h‑n-¯‑p-IÄ t‑i-J-c‑n-¨‑v s‑I‑m-ï‑p- ¯‑n-s‑â ‑"a-k‑n-\‑m-t‑_‑m ^‑p-¡‑p-
h-¶‑v X-s‑â B-ß‑m-h‑n-s‑\‑m-¸‑w t‑h‑m-¡‑' F-¶‑m-W-t‑±-l‑w A-d‑n-b-
a-®‑n B-g-¯‑n I‑p-g‑n-¨‑n-S‑p-I- s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. b‑m-s‑X‑m-c‑p {‑]-X‑n-^-
b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. I-ï e-h‑p‑w {‑]-X‑o-£‑n-¡‑m-s‑X {‑]-I‑r-
h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p I‑m-S‑m-b‑n h-f-c‑p-¶-X‑v X‑n-b‑p-s‑S \‑n-e-\‑nÂ-¸‑n-\‑v t‑h-ï‑n
I-ï‑m-W‑v s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑\ \‑m-«‑p- B h-e‑n-b a-\‑p-j‑y³ IT‑n-\-
I‑m-c‑p‑w t‑e‑m-I-h‑p‑w A-d‑n-b‑p-¶- a‑m-b‑n b-X‑v-\‑n-¨‑p. t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑â
X‑v. kÀ-¡‑m-d‑p-I-f‑p‑w ]-c‑n-Ø‑n-X‑n h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X `‑m-K-§-f‑n \‑n-¶‑p-
k‑w-L-S-\-I-f‑p‑w I‑m-c‑y-s‑¯ K‑u-

32 / Pq¬ / 2021

Å K-t‑h-j-I-c‑p‑w {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-k‑w- ]‑mÀ-«‑n-b‑n A‑w-K-a‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v.
c-£-I-c‑p‑w I-ï-e‑p-I-s‑f-¡‑p-d‑n- F-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑a-¶ B-ß-I-Y-
¨‑v ]T‑n-¡‑m³ s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑\ b‑n-e‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w ]‑mÀ-«‑n P‑o-
k-a‑o-]‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. C-{‑X-b‑p‑w h-e‑n- h‑n-X-s‑¯ A-\‑m-h‑r-X-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-
s‑b‑m-c‑p {‑]-I‑r-X‑n k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-s‑b X‑v. B-Z‑y-s‑¯ B-ß-I-Y s‑]‑m-
I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n-«‑v ]-c‑n-K-W‑n-¡‑m-t‑\‑m ¡‑p-S-s‑\-¶ {‑]-I‑r-X‑n k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-
A-¡‑m-Z-a‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n k-a‑o-]‑n-¡‑m- s‑b a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶-
t‑\‑m t‑I-c-f‑w X-¿‑m-d‑m-b‑n-«‑n-à F- s‑X-¦‑n c-ï‑m-a-t‑¯-X‑v IÀ-j-
¶-X‑m-W‑v h‑m-k‑v-X-h‑w. s‑]‑m-¡‑p- I-\‑p‑w IÀ-j-I-s‑¯‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-b‑p‑w
S-\‑p t‑i-j‑w I-ï {‑]-Ø‑m- Z-e‑n-X-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n P‑o-h‑n-¨‑v, c‑m-{‑ã‑o-
\-¯‑n-\‑v X‑p-SÀ-¨ e-`‑n-¡‑m-X‑n-c‑p- b‑w‑, k-a‑p-Z‑m-b {‑]-hÀ-¯-\‑w‑,
¶-X‑v A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v. ]-c‑n-Ø‑n-X‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯-\‑w F-¶‑o
h-g‑n-I-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S k-©-c‑n-¨ k-¦‑oÀ-
s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑\-¶ ®-\‑m-b s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v h-c-
h‑n-¹-h-I‑m-c‑n ¨‑p-I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.

{‑]-I‑r-X‑n k‑w-c-£-I-s‑\-¶- I-a‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑v ]‑mÀ-«‑n-b‑n-s‑e k-
X‑v I-t‑ó s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑â P‑o- P‑o-h {‑]-hÀ-¯-I-\‑p‑w IÀ-j-I-
h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑e H-c-S-c‑v a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v. s‑¯‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n k‑w-L-S-\-b‑p-s‑S
]-X‑n-s‑\-«‑m‑w h-b-Ê‑n-e‑m-W‑v s‑]‑m- {‑]‑m-t‑Z-i‑n-It‑\-X‑m-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶
¡‑p-S³ A-h‑n-`-à I-a‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑v -¦‑n-e‑p‑w ]‑mÀ-«‑n-¡‑p-Å‑n-e‑p‑w P‑m-X‑n
h‑y-h-Ø i-à-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v X‑n-

/ Pq¬ / 2021 33

bps\kvtIm BZ c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ s‑N-s‑¦‑m-S‑n X‑m-s‑g
cn¨n«pw PmXo s‑h-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w k-a‑p-Z‑m-b c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-
bamb {]nhntePv e‑q-s‑S Z-f‑n-X-s‑â k‑z-X‑z {‑]-i‑v-\-§-f‑n-
CÃm¯Xv sIm t‑e-¡‑v C-d-§‑n-s‑¨-Ã‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p
@mWv s]m¡p B h‑n-¹-h-I‑m-c‑n. a‑mÀ-I‑v-k‑n-Ì‑v ]‑mÀ-«‑n-
S³ apJy[mc b‑n-s‑e P‑m-X‑n h‑y-h-Ø-b‑p‑w k-a‑p-Z‑m-b
bn BtLm- k‑w-L-S-\‑m {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f‑n-s‑e i‑q-
jn¡s¸SmsX \‑y Ø-e-h‑p-a‑m-W‑v I-t‑ó s‑]‑m-¡‑p-
t]mbsX¶ S-s‑\ I-ï s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-\‑m-¡‑n-b-s‑X-
Bt£]ap@v. ¶‑v a‑m-[‑y-a {‑]-hÀ-¯-I-\‑m-b s‑I.]‑n
]peb³ hensbm- d-j‑o-Z‑v F-g‑p-X‑p-¶-X‑v C‑u ]-Ý‑m-¯-
cp _nw_ambn e-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v.
amdp¶Xv
tIcf¯nsâ k-a-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑p-¶
kmwkvImcnI F-´‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ s‑]‑m
Ncn{X¯n ¡‑p-S-s‑â s‑s‑i-e‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-eÀ-
A{X ]cn-Nn- ¡‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ A-{‑]‑n-b-\‑m-¡‑n-b-
XaÃtÃm. X‑v. "H-c‑p ]‑p-e-b-s‑\-s‑b‑m-¶‑p‑w k-l‑n-
¡‑m³ ]‑mÀ-«‑n-¡‑v I-g‑n-b‑n-Ã. C-¡‑m-c‑y‑w
]-e X-h-W t‑_‑m-[‑y-a‑m-b‑n.' ]‑mÀ-«‑n-
b‑n \‑n-¶‑v a‑m-d‑n-\‑nÂ-¡‑m-\‑p-Å k‑m-
l-N-c‑y‑w s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S³ s‑h-f‑n-h‑m-¡‑p-¶-
X‑n-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v.

A-\‑o-X‑n-s‑b t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ k‑z-

34 / Pq¬ / 2021

`‑m-h-¯‑n-\‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑p‑w G-s‑d ¶‑v, {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S l-c‑n-X-I‑m-´‑n-
A-\‑p-`-h‑n-t‑¡-ï‑n h-¶‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. s‑b \‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯‑m³ P‑o-h-\‑p‑w
]‑mÀ-«‑n h‑n-«‑v k‑m-a‑p-Z‑m-b‑n-I c‑m- P‑o-h‑n-X-h‑p‑w k-aÀ-¸‑n-¨‑, A-[À-
{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n k-P‑o-h-a‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ a-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v \‑n-c-´-c‑w I-e-l‑n-¨‑,
]‑mÀ-«‑n-¡‑mÀ A-{‑I-a‑n-¨-X‑m-W‑v a‑p-J‑y-[‑m-c-b‑n \‑n-¶‑v _-l‑n-j‑v-
G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b t‑h-Z-\-s‑b-¶‑v ¡-c-W‑w t‑\-c‑n-« s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑\-
s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S³ B-ß-I-Y-b‑n t‑c- b‑p‑w t‑I-c-f-a-d‑n-b-W‑w.
J-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. P‑o-h-\‑p X‑p-
e‑y‑w k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¨ ]‑mÀ-«‑n X-s‑¶ s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑\-¶
h‑n-I-k-\-¯‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑n I- k‑z-]‑v-\-P‑o-h‑n
ïÂ-¡‑m-S‑p-IÄ a‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-a‑m-ä‑n s‑]‑m-
¡‑p-S³ \-S-¡‑p-¶ h-g‑n-b‑n I-ï-e‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y‑w
s‑I‑m-ï‑n-«-X‑m-W‑v a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p t‑h-Z-\. a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n BÀ-¡‑p t‑h-ï‑n-
C-X‑n a-\‑w s‑\‑m-´‑v I‑p-t‑d I‑m- b‑p-a-Ã‑m-s‑X 1989 a‑p-X I-ïÂ
e‑w a‑m-\-k‑n-I‑m-t‑c‑m-K‑y‑w \-ã-s‑¸- \-S‑p-¶ H-c‑m-s‑f-¶ \‑n-e-¡‑m-W‑v
«‑v B-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n I‑n-S-t‑¡-ï‑n s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S³ A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v.
h-¶‑p. s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑\ \-a‑p-¡‑v k-½‑m-\‑n-
¨-X‑n ]-c‑n-Ø‑n-X‑n i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-
C-§-s‑\-s‑b‑m-c‑p s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-s‑\ Ú-\‑m-b P‑m-^À ]‑m-t‑e‑m-«‑n-
A-\‑m-h‑r-X-a‑m-¡‑m³ \-½‑p-s‑S s‑â k‑m-¶‑n-[‑y‑w F-S‑p-¯‑p ]-d-
s‑]‑m-X‑p-t‑_‑m-[‑w G-X‑v i-à‑n- t‑b-ï-X‑m-W‑v. I-ïÂ-¡‑m-S‑p-IÄ-
s‑b-b‑m-W‑v t‑]-S‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v? C‑u- ¡‑n-S-b‑n F-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X‑w C-d-
s‑b‑m-c‑p `-b‑w F-¶‑v a‑m-d‑p-¶‑p-t‑h‑m §‑n-b-X‑n-\‑v t‑i-j-a‑m-W‑v I-ïÂ
A-t‑¶ \-a‑p-¡‑o P‑m-X‑n-¯‑n-«‑q-c- k‑w-c-£-W-¯‑n-\‑v t‑I-c-f-¯‑nÂ
§-f‑n \‑n-¶‑v t‑a‑m-N-\-a‑p-ï‑m-I‑q. h-e‑n-b k‑z‑o-I‑m-c‑y-X e-`‑n-¡‑p-
N‑p-ä‑p-a‑p-Å-X‑n-\‑v s‑h-f‑n-¨‑w ]-IÀ- ¶-X‑v. ]‑n-¶‑o-S-t‑§‑m-«‑v I-t‑ó

/ Pq¬ / 2021 35

s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-\‑n \‑n-¶‑v I-ï {‑S-Ì‑v F-¶ t‑]-c‑n {‑S-Ì‑p-ï‑m-
s‑]‑m-¡‑p-S-\‑n-t‑e-¡‑p-Å b‑m-{‑X- ¡‑n A-t‑±-l‑w X-s‑¶ ]-²-X‑n-¡‑v
b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑h-ï‑n C-d-§‑n-¯‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑q-¯ a-I-\‑p‑w
{‑]-I‑r-X‑n-¡‑v t‑h-ï‑n P‑o-h‑n-X- A-²‑y‑m-]-I-\‑p-a‑m-b B-\-µ-\‑m-
a‑p-g‑n-ª‑p s‑h-¨‑n-«‑p‑w A-h-K-W-\- W‑v {‑S-Ì‑n-s‑â s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n.
IÄ a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v
X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p I‑n-«‑n-b-X‑v. A-¡‑m-Z-a‑n-I‑v F-¶‑m a‑m-d‑n h-c‑p-¶ kÀ-
X-e-¯‑n ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m- ¡‑m-d‑p-I-s‑f‑m-¶‑p‑w B h-g‑n \-S-
t‑\‑m s‑S-I‑v-Ì‑v _‑p-¡‑p-I-f‑n D ¶‑n-Ã. t‑\-c-s‑¯ D-ï‑m-b A-k-
Ä-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m-t‑\‑m P‑m-X‑n-hÀ-K l‑n-j‑v-W‑p-X-I-f‑p‑w h‑n-e-§‑p-X-S‑n-
t‑_‑m-[-§Ä A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¨‑n-Ã. b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡-W‑w. I-ï k‑v-I‑q-
B-d‑m‑w ¢‑m-k‑n-s‑e ]‑mT-]‑p-k‑v-X- s‑f-¶ k‑z-]‑v-\‑w _‑m-¡‑n s‑h-¨‑m-
I-¯‑n DÄ-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-s‑b-¦‑n- W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w b‑m-{‑X-b‑m-b‑n-«‑p-Å-
e‑p‑w ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v ]‑n³-h-e‑n-¨‑p. s‑]‑m- X‑v. {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-s‑b k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¡‑p-¶
¡‑p-S-s‑â h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p k‑z-]‑v-\-a‑m- H‑m-t‑c‑m-c‑p-¯-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w I-S-a-b‑m-
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p I-ï-e‑p-I-s‑f I‑p-d‑n-¨‑v W‑v \‑m-f-s‑¯ ]-¨-¸‑n-\‑v t‑h-ï‑n
K-t‑h-j-W‑w \-S-¯‑m³ H-c‑p k‑v- A-¯-c-s‑a‑m-c‑p K-t‑h-j-W Ø‑m-
I‑qÄ F-¶-X‑v. X-s‑â c-ï‑v s‑k ]-\‑w k-^-e-a‑m-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑v.
â‑v `‑q-a‑n A-X‑n-\‑v t‑h-ï‑n h‑n-«‑p-
\Â-I‑p-I-b‑p‑w a‑m³-t‑{‑K‑m-h‑v {‑S‑o

36 / Pq¬ / 2021

tUm. Akokv XcphW adp-\mSv

KÄ^nse ¡-c‑n-I‑n-e‑q-s‑S
NqSpw I-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n.
Nodn¸mbp¶ ]‑n³-`‑m-K-¯‑v
ss_¡pw h-e‑n-b c-ï‑v
s‑]-«‑n-IÄ s‑h-
F¬-]-X‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S X‑p-S-¡-¯‑n ¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑mÂ
I-ï H-c‑p k‑w-`-h‑w R‑m-\‑n- I‑m-d‑n-s‑â U‑n-
¶‑p-t‑a‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-s‑¶-\‑n-¡‑v B-t‑d‑m ¡‑n h‑m-]‑n-fÀ-¶
G-t‑g‑m B-W‑v {‑]‑m-b‑w. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e k‑v-I‑qÄ c‑q-]-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n-
a‑p-ä-¯‑v I‑q-«‑p-I‑m-t‑c‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w t‑K‑m-«‑n-I- c‑p-¶‑p. A-¯-c-
f‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C‑u k-a-b‑w‑, H-c‑p s‑a‑m-c‑p I‑m-g‑v-N
s‑h-Å A‑w-_‑m-k‑n-UÀ I‑mÀ R-§Ä- A-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑v
R‑m³ I-ï‑n-c‑p-
¶‑n-Ã. A-X‑n-e‑p-
t‑a-s‑d I‑u-X‑p-I-
a‑m-b-X‑v I‑m-d‑n-\‑p
]‑n-¶‑m-s‑e H‑m-S‑n-
s‑¡‑m-ï‑n-c‑p-¶
BÄ-¡‑q-«-a‑m-
W‑v. A-§‑m-S‑n
h-c‑m-´-b‑n-e‑p‑w
t‑d‑m-U‑n-e‑p‑w
]-X‑n-h‑m-b‑n
s‑k‑m-d ]-d-ª‑n-
c‑n-¡‑p-¶-h-c‑p‑w
A-Ã‑m-¯-h-c‑p-
a-S-§‑n-b P-\-

/ Pq¬ / 2021 37

]n³`mK¯v henb c@v s]«nIÄ sh¨ncp¶Xn\mÂ
Imdnsâ Un¡n hm ]nfÀ¶ncp¶p. A¯csamcp ImgvN
AXn\p ap¼v Rm³ I@ncp¶nÃ. Imdn\p ]n¶mse
HmSns¡m@ncp¶ BÄ¡q«w hnfn¨p ]dbp¶p@m
bncp¶p: 'Ben Zp_mbo¶p h¶q...'

k-©-b‑w I‑m-d‑n-\‑p ]‑n-¶‑m-s‑e-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
N‑n-eÀ H‑m-«-t‑h-K-X-b‑v-¡‑v s‑N-c‑p-¸‑q-c‑n I-¿‑nÂ
]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p. N‑n-eÀ C-§-s‑\ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-
ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p: "B-e‑n Z‑p-_‑m-b‑o-¶‑p h-¶‑q...
B-e‑n Z‑p-_‑m-b‑o-¶‑p h-¶‑q...' R‑m-\‑p‑w B I‑q-«-
t‑b‑m-«-¯‑n H-c‑w-K-a‑m-b‑n.

I‑mÀ B-e‑n-b‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑p-a‑p-ä-s‑¯-¯‑n.
\‑n-a‑n-j-§Ä-¡-I‑w h‑o-«‑p-a‑p-ä‑w P-\-\‑n-_‑n-
V-a‑m-b‑n. h‑o-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S s‑I-«‑n-¸‑n-S‑p-¯-
¯‑n-\‑p‑w N‑p‑w-_-\-§Ä-¡‑p‑w h‑n-t‑[-b-
\‑m-b t‑i-j‑w B-e‑n D-½-d-t‑¯-¡‑v
F-g‑p-s‑¶-Å‑n. a‑q-¶‑p hÀ-j-§Ä-
¡‑p t‑i-j-a‑p-Å h-c-h‑m-W‑v. F-s‑â
G-s‑d-¡‑p-s‑d A-bÂ-]-¡-¡‑m-c-\‑m-
b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑n-e‑p‑w B-e‑n-s‑b R‑m-\‑m-
Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. B-e‑n
H-c‑p S‑n³-s‑]‑m-«‑n-¨‑v A-h‑n-s‑S I‑q-S‑n-b-
hÀ-s‑¡-Ã‑m‑w _‑n-k‑v-I-ä‑v h‑n-X-c-W‑w

38 / Pq¬ / 2021

s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. a-[‑p-c-a‑p-Å s‑N-d‑n-b ¸-ä‑n ]-d-ª N‑n-e-X‑v a‑m-{‑X‑w
_‑n-k‑v-I-ä‑v. A-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑v a-§‑n-b c‑q-]-¯‑n H‑mÀ-½-
A-¯-c-s‑a‑m-c‑p _‑n-k‑v-I-ä‑v b‑n-e‑p-ï‑v. (s‑I‑m-S‑p‑w X-W‑p-¸‑v
R‑m³ c‑p-N‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. C-X‑v A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ h-b-\‑m-
Z‑p-_‑m-b‑o-¶‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-¶-X‑m- «‑p-I‑m-c‑m-b R-§Ä-¡‑v N‑q-S‑v
b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑v N‑n-eÀ A-S-¡‑w H-c‑p I‑mÂ-¸-\‑n-I k‑z-]‑v-\-
]-d-ª‑p t‑I-«‑p. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p‑). R‑m³ I-ï
_‑n-k‑v-I-ä‑n-s‑\‑m-c‑p {‑]-t‑X‑y-I B-Z‑y KÄ-^‑p-I‑m-c³ C‑u
c‑p-N‑n-b‑p‑w K-Ô-h‑p‑w A-\‑p-`- B-e‑n-b‑m-W‑v. R‑m³ t‑I-
h-s‑¸-«‑p. k‑z-t‑Z-i‑n-t‑b-¡‑mÄ « B-Z‑y KÄ-^‑v h‑n-t‑i-j‑w
h‑n-t‑Z-i‑n-b‑m-b F-´‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p‑w N‑q-S‑n-s‑\-¸-ä‑n-b‑m-W‑v. R‑m³
a-e-b‑m-f‑n-¡‑v H-c‑p a-a-X t‑X‑m- I-g‑n-¨ B-Z‑y KÄ-^‑v h‑n-`-h‑w
¶‑m-d‑p-ï-t‑Ã‑m. B s‑N-d‑n-b a-[‑p-c-_‑n-k‑v-I
ä‑m-W‑v. (A-t‑X _‑n-k‑v-I-ä‑v
D-½-d-s‑¯ ]-¯‑m-b-¯‑n- C-t‑¸‑mÄ \-½‑p-s‑S \‑m-«‑n³-]‑p-
s‑â a‑p-I-f‑n-e‑n-c‑p-¶‑v ]‑p-c‑p-j‑m- d-s‑¯ F-Ã‑m t‑_-¡-d‑n-b‑n-e‑p-
c-¯‑n-s‑â t‑N‑m-Z‑y-§Ä-¡‑p‑w a‑p-s‑ï-¶-X‑m-W‑v c-k‑m-h-l‑w.
k‑w-i-b-§Ä-¡‑p‑w B-e‑n B _‑n-k‑v-I-ä‑v S‑n³ B-e‑n
a-d‑p-]-S‑n ]-d-ª‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑p- F-h‑n-s‑S \‑n-¶‑p h‑m-§‑n-b-X‑m-
¶‑p. KÄ-^‑n-t‑\-b‑p‑w t‑P‑m-e‑n- h‑p‑w? Z‑p-_‑m-b‑n \‑n-t‑¶‑m
t‑b-b‑p‑w b‑m-{‑X-t‑b-b‑p‑w ]-ä‑n t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑p \‑n-t‑¶‑m?
]-d-ª ]-e-X‑p‑w A-X‑n-i-t‑b‑m- F-´‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡-X‑v
B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n I-g‑n-¨ KÄ-^‑v
à‑n-]-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-\‑n-¡‑v a-[‑p-c-a‑m-W‑v. A-§-s‑\ h‑n-i‑z-
A-]-c‑n-N‑n-X-a‑m-b I‑m-c‑y- k‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v C-ã‑w‑).
§-f‑m-b-X‑n-\‑m-e‑p‑w \-t‑¶
s‑N-d‑p-¸-a‑m-b-X‑n-\‑m-e‑p‑w B-e‑n Z‑p-_‑m-b‑n \‑n-¶‑p-
t‑I-«-s‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w H‑mÀ- X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-t‑a‑m
½-b‑n \‑n-¶‑n-Ã. h-¶-X‑v? A-X‑p‑w D-d-¸‑n-¨‑p
Z‑p-_‑m-b‑n-s‑e ]-d-b‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑n-Ã. I‑m-c-
A-X‑y‑p-j‑v- W‑w "Z‑p-s‑s‑_‑' F-¶‑v a‑p-¼‑v
W- h‑m-s‑a‑m-g‑n-b‑n ]-d-ª‑n-c‑p-¶-
s‑¯- X‑v b‑p.F.C-b‑n-s‑e \‑n-Ý‑n-X
{‑]-t‑Z-i‑w F-¶ AÀ-°-
¯‑n a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã; A-t‑d-_‑y
F-¶ h‑n-i‑m-e‑mÀ-°-¯‑nÂ
I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v. k‑u-Z‑n A-t‑d-
_‑y-b‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w J-¯-d‑nÂ
\‑n-¶‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w h-c‑p-¶-h-
t‑c-b‑p‑w "Z‑p-_‑m-b‑n-¡‑m-c³‑'
F-¶‑m-W‑v \‑m-«‑p-¼‑p-d-¯‑p-
I‑mÀ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. "h-e‑y

/ Pq¬ / 2021 39

Z‑p-_‑m-b‑v-¡‑m-c-\‑m-s‑W-¶‑m-W‑v t‑c‑m h-c-h‑n-e‑p‑w H‑m-t‑c‑m KÄ-^‑v
\‑m-S‑y‑w‑' F-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡-b‑p-Å h‑n-`-h-§Ä I‑n-«‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑n-c‑p-
{‑]-t‑b‑m-K-§Ä \‑m-«‑n-e‑p-ï‑v. ¶‑p. P-¸‑m³ \‑nÀ-½‑n-X e‑p-¦‑n-
A-¶‑v "Z‑p-s‑s‑_‑' F-¶-X‑v KÄ- b‑p‑w h-b-\‑m-S³ X-W‑p-¸‑n-s‑\
^‑n-s‑â‑, A-t‑d-_‑y-b‑p-s‑S s] s‑N-d‑p-¡‑p-¶ s‑I‑m-d‑n-b³ ]‑p-X-
mXp\‑m-a-a‑m-W‑v. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v ]-e ¸‑p‑w t‑S-¸‑v d‑n-¡‑mÀ-U-d‑p‑w F-S‑p-
I‑m-e-¯‑m-b‑n‑, \‑m-«‑n \‑n-¶‑p ¯‑p-]-d-t‑b-ï-X‑m-W‑v. t‑S‑m-¸‑v
]-e-c‑p‑w "Z‑p-_‑m-b‑n‑'¡‑v s‑]‑m-b‑v- \-ã-s‑¸-«‑, I‑m-e‑n k‑v-t‑{‑] I‑p-
s‑¡‑m-ï‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ¸‑n-IÄ h‑o-S‑n-\‑p a‑p³-h-i-s‑¯
s‑X‑m-S‑n-b‑n A-S‑p-¯-I‑m-e‑w
A-h-c‑p-s‑S t‑]‑m-¡‑p‑w h-c- h-s‑c I‑m-W‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
h‑p‑w ]-e c‑o-X‑n-b‑n B-t‑L‑m-
j-a‑m-b‑n. KÄ-^‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w s‑X‑m-®‑q-d‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S B-c‑w-
s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-c‑p-¶ k‑v-t‑{‑]-b‑p‑w `-¯‑n F-s‑â a‑q-¯
\-J‑w s‑h-«‑n-b‑p‑w s‑s‑S-KÀ-_‑m- k-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ {‑]-h‑m-k‑n-b‑m-b‑n.
a‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w F-s‑â h‑o-«‑n-e‑p-s‑a- X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v, a-ä‑p c-ï‑v k-t‑l‑m-
¯‑n. F-s‑â H-c‑p s‑]-§-s‑f Z-c-·‑m-s‑c I‑q-S‑n A-t‑±-l‑w
h‑n-h‑m-l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v H-c‑p KÄ-^‑n-t‑e-¡‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑p-
KÄ-^‑p-I‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑]‑m-b‑n. ‑"_‑q-^‑n-b‑'b‑n-e‑m-b‑n-
A-X‑n-\‑m A-f‑n-b-s‑â H‑m- c‑p-¶ a‑q-¶‑p t‑]À-¡‑p‑w t‑P‑m-

40 / Pq¬ / 2021

e‑n. A-t‑X‑m-s‑S A-h-c‑p-s‑S t‑e‑m-I-§Ä I‑m-W‑p-h‑m³
I-¯‑p-IÄ h-g‑n-b‑p‑w A-X‑n- A-h-\‑p s‑I‑m-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v. `‑m-h-
i-t‑b‑m-à‑n I-eÀ-¶ h‑n-h-c- \-b‑n a‑p-g‑p-I‑n A-h³ h‑r-
W-§-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S KÄ-^‑v G-s‑d £-¯‑n-s‑â D-¨‑n-b‑n \‑nÂ-
]-c‑n-N‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n. A-h‑n-S-s‑¯ ¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-S‑n-b‑n \‑n-¶‑v
c‑m-P-]‑m-X-IÄ R-§-f‑p-s‑S k‑p-l‑v-d h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p‑w:
C-S-h-g‑n-t‑]‑m-s‑e ]-c‑n-N‑n-X‑w. "a-¡‑w I‑m-W‑m-t‑h‑m s‑N-d‑v-¡‑m?
A-h‑n-S-s‑¯ k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑w‑,
`-£-W‑w F-Ã‑m‑w ]-X‑n-s‑b a-P‑o-Z‑v A-X‑n-\‑p-¯-c-a‑m-
R-§-f‑p-s‑S \‑m-«‑p-¼‑p-d-¯‑p-s‑a- b‑n‑, D-b-s‑c t‑a-L-§-t‑f‑m-
¯‑n. ]-e-X-c‑w A-t‑d-_‑y³ ] S‑p ]-ä‑n-t‑¨À-¶‑p ]-d-¡‑p-¶
À-± [‑m-c‑n-W‑n-IÄ C-s‑¶‑m-c‑p ]-c‑p-´‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S ]‑m-«‑v F-¶‑p
A-t‑d-_‑y³ I‑m-g‑v-N a‑m-{‑X-a- h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑p-¶ h-c‑n-IÄ k‑z-
Ã‑m-X‑m-b‑n I-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. c-a‑m-[‑p-c‑y-t‑¯‑m-s‑S D-c‑p-h‑n-S‑p‑w:
R-§-f‑p-s‑S \‑m-S‑n-s‑â k‑m-¼- ‑"a-¡‑w I‑m-W‑m‑w‑, a-Z‑o-\-s‑¯
¯‑n-I `-{‑Z-X-b‑p‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑m-Z‑y‑m-k ]-Å‑n I‑m-W‑m‑w‑!' (_‑m-e‑y-
]‑p-t‑c‑m-K-X‑n-b‑p‑w k‑r-ã‑n-¨-X‑v I‑m-e k-J‑n‑).
{][m-\-ambpw KÄ-^‑v ]-W-a‑m-
W‑v. KÄ-^‑v {‑]-h‑m-k‑w B-c‑w- h-b-\‑m-«‑n-s‑e G-X‑p I‑p-
`‑n-¨‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑n C-¶‑p‑w ¶‑p-¼‑p-d-¯‑p \‑n-¶‑p t‑\‑m-
a-e-b‑m-f‑n H-c‑p _‑o-l‑m-c‑n {‑K‑m- ¡‑n-b‑m-e‑p‑w N‑p-ä‑p‑w t‑I‑m-«
a‑o-W-s‑â A-h-Ø-b‑n X‑p-S- s‑I-«‑n-b-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e \‑o-e-a-e-
c‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H‑m-e-¸‑p-c-IÄ I-f‑m-W‑v. N‑n-e-t‑¸‑m-f-h t‑I‑m-
t‑N‑mÀ-s‑¶‑m-e‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. S-a-ª‑n I‑p-f‑n-¨‑p \‑nÂ-
]-W-s‑¡‑m-g‑p-¸‑n tIc-fobÀ ¡‑p‑w. t‑a-L-s‑¯ N‑p‑w-_‑n-¨‑p
X-S‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-g‑p-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p- \‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶ a-e-IÄ-¡-¸‑p-
¶‑n-Ã. t‑I-c-f‑w Z‑m-c‑n-{‑Z‑y‑w s‑I‑m- d‑w F-´‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w F-¶
ï‑v, ]-«‑n-W‑n-s‑I‑m-ï‑v s‑]‑m-d‑p- B-t‑e‑m-N-\ _‑m-e‑y-¯‑nÂ
X‑n-a‑p-«‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-s‑¶ G-s‑d A-e-«‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v.
A-X‑n-\‑p ]-e-h‑n-[ D-¯-c-
§Ä I-s‑ï-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.

-c-ï‑v - "aIsf \Ã \nebnÂ
"A-h³ \‑m-«‑n-e‑p-Å a‑m- sI«n¨b¨p. C¸w Ah
h‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e‑m-s‑¡ h-e‑n-ª‑p fpsS aIsf sI«n¨
I-b-d‑p‑w‑, A-h-b‑p-s‑S D-¨‑n- b¡m\mbn. AXp IqSn
b‑n-s‑e N‑n-Ã-s‑I‑m-¼‑p-I-f‑n Ignªn«v Xncn¨pt]m
]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v C-e-¸-SÀ-¸‑p-I-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S Ww'þ hr²³ ho@pw
a‑o-t‑X-I‑q-S‑n A-\-´-a‑m-b t‑e‑m- au\¯nem@p.
I-h‑n-i‑m-e-X-b‑n t‑\‑m-¡‑p-I
A-h-\‑v H-c‑p c-k-a‑m-W‑v. N-{‑I-
h‑m-f-¯‑n-s‑â A-¸‑p-d-¯‑p-Å

/ Pq¬ / 2021 41

I-S-e‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å I-s‑ï-¯‑n-b D-¯-c-§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-
h‑n-N‑m-c-§Ä h-b-\‑m-S³ ¶‑v ‑"_‑m-e‑y-I‑m-e k-J‑n‑'b‑n-s‑e
_‑m-e‑y-s‑¯ s‑]‑m-X‑p-s‑h A-e- a-P‑o-Z‑v ]‑m-S‑n-b ]‑m-«‑n-s‑e ‑"a-¡‑w
«‑m-d‑n-Ã. I‑m-c-W‑w R-§-f‑p-s‑S I‑m-W‑m‑w‑, a-Z‑o-\-s‑¯ ]-Å‑n
`‑m-h-\-¡‑v A-X‑n-c‑p ]-W‑n-X I‑m-W‑m‑w...‑' F-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
\‑o-e-a-e-IÄ-¡-¸‑p-d-a‑m-W-X‑v. D-bÀ-¶‑p \‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶ a-c-s‑¡‑m-
K-X‑m-K-X k‑u-I-c‑y‑w I‑p-d-ª ¼‑p-I-f‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w I‑p-¶‑p-
I‑m-e-¯‑v F-{‑X h-b-\‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ ¼‑p-d-¯‑p \‑n-¶‑p‑w R-§-f-h
I-S-e‑p I-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w? I-S-e‑n- I-ï‑n-«‑p-ï‑v, I-s‑¿-¯‑p‑w Z‑q-c-
\-¸‑p-d-a-Ã‑, \‑o-e-a-e-IÄ-¡-¸‑p- ¯‑p-Å "h‑n-Z‑q-c t‑Z-i-§Ä‑!'
d‑w F-´‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑m‑w F-¶
B-t‑e‑m-N-\-b‑m-W‑v R-§-s‑f \‑m-«‑n-e‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-e‑p-
I‑p-g-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-Å ]-e-c‑p‑w t‑P‑m-e‑n t‑X-S‑n
KÄ-^‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-b‑n-¯‑p-S-
42 / Pq¬ / 2021

a-c-§Ä t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w A-h‑n-S-
§-f‑n-e‑p-s‑ï-¶‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑p-¶
X-c-¯‑n-e‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m a‑p³-I‑m-e
{‑]-h‑m-k‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S h‑n-h-c-W-
§Ä‑!‑!

A-X‑n-\‑m KÄ-^‑v F-\‑n-
s‑¡-¶‑p‑w k‑z-]‑v-\-`‑q-a‑n-b‑m-b‑n-
c‑p-¶‑p; A-t‑d-_‑y k-µÀ-i‑n-
¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑v H-S‑p-§‑m-¯
A-`‑n-e‑m-j-h‑p‑w. A-X‑n-\‑p-Å
B-Z‑y A-h-k-c-s‑a‑m-¯‑p h-¶-
X‑m-I-s‑« c-ï‑m-b‑n-c-¯‑n ]-¯‑v
H‑m-K-Ì‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.

KÄ^nse s]mcnshbne
¯v hnbÀs¸mgp¡n,
te_À Iym¼nÂ
Xmakn¨v {]hm-kn-IÄ
Ab¡p¶ ]W¯n
sâ hne \m«nepÅhÀ
a\-Ên-em¡p¶p@mIp-
tam?

§‑n-b-t‑X‑m-s‑S k-¦Â-¸-§- a‑q-¶‑v -
f‑n a‑m-ä‑w h-¶‑p. X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h- b‑m-{‑X-IÄ A-h-\-h-\‑n-t‑e-
¶-h-c‑p-s‑S h‑n-h-c-W-§-f‑n ¡‑p-Å X‑oÀ-°‑m-S-\-a‑m-W‑v.
\‑n-¶‑v H-c‑p ]‑p-X‑p-t‑e‑m-I F-s‑â a-\-Ê‑n-s‑â N-{‑I-h‑m-
N‑n-{‑X‑w I‑n-«‑n. ]-W‑w h‑m-c‑n- f-s‑¯ G-s‑d h‑n-I-k‑z-c-a‑m-
¡‑q-«‑m-h‑p-¶ H-c‑n-S‑w F-¶- ¡‑m³ H‑m-t‑c‑m b‑m-{‑X-b‑p‑w
X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑v. A-h-k-c-t‑a-I‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v.
A-d-_‑n-IÄ C-ã‑w-t‑]‑m-s‑e C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e H-«‑p-a‑n-¡ k‑w-
]-W‑w h‑m-c‑n-h‑n-X-d‑p-¶‑p; {‑]-h‑m- Ø‑m-\-§-f‑p‑w k-µÀ-i‑n-¨-
k‑n-IÄ A-X‑v h‑m-c‑n-¡‑q-«‑p-¶‑p. t‑¸‑mÄ k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑â
t‑d‑m-U‑n-s‑â C-c‑p-]‑mÀ-i‑z-§- s‑s‑h-h‑n-[‑y-h‑p‑w s‑s‑h-]‑p-e‑y-h‑p‑w
f‑n-e‑p‑w Z‑nÀ-l-a‑p-I-f‑p‑w Z‑n-\‑m- F-s‑¶ A-Û‑p-X-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-
d‑p-I-f‑p‑w‑! ]-W‑w I‑m-b‑v-¡‑p-¶ b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. H‑m-t‑c‑m b‑m-{‑X-b‑p‑w

/ Pq¬ / 2021 43

]‑p-X‑p-I‑m-g‑v-N-I-f‑p‑w ]‑p-X‑p-t‑e‑m- s‑â D-bÀ-¶ k‑m-{‑µ-X-b‑nÂ
I-h‑p‑w a‑p-¼‑n a-eÀ-s‑¡ A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¨‑p. KÄ-^‑n A-\‑p-
X‑p-d-¶‑p-s‑h-¨‑p. k-X‑y-¯‑n h-Z‑n-¡-s‑¸-« Z‑n-\-§Ä h-f-s‑c
b‑p.F.C k-µÀ-i-\‑w k-¦Â- I‑p-d-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑p‑w
¸-t‑e‑m-I-s‑¯ C-S‑n-¨‑p-s‑]‑m-f‑n- F-Ã‑m-b‑n-S-h‑p‑w I‑m-W‑p-h‑m-\‑p‑w
¡‑p-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. KÄ-^‑v ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-f‑n ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑p-
P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑¯ I‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å h‑m-\‑p-a‑p-Å X‑n-c-¡‑n-\‑p-a‑n-S-
I‑mÂ-¸-\‑n-I [‑m-c-W-I-s‑f N‑o- b‑n N‑q-S‑n-s‑\ a-d-¶‑p.
«‑p-s‑I‑m-«‑m-c‑w I-W-s‑¡ A-X‑v
X-IÀ-¯‑p. F-s‑â k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p‑w A-\‑n-
b-s‑â ]‑p-X‑n-b‑m-¹-b‑p-a‑m-b
c‑m-{‑X‑n ]-X‑n-s‑\‑m-¶‑p a-W‑n- a‑p-P‑o-_‑v Z‑p-s‑s‑_-b‑n t‑P‑m-e‑n
¡‑v Z‑p-s‑s‑_ F-bÀ-t‑]‑mÀ-«‑n s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. A-h-\‑p‑w k‑p-
C-d-§‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¨ l‑r-¯‑v A-i‑v-d-^‑p‑w Z‑p-s‑s‑_
s‑I‑m-S‑p‑w-N‑q-S‑v {‑]-X‑o-I‑m-ß-I-a‑m- F-bÀ-t‑]‑mÀ-«‑n F-s‑¶
b‑n KÄ-^‑v {‑]-h‑m-k‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S I‑m-¯‑p \‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-
N‑p-S‑p-\‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n-s‑â D‑u-j‑v- ¶‑p. F-bÀ-t‑]‑mÀ-«‑n \‑n-¶‑v
a‑m-h‑m-b‑n t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b-X‑v b‑m-Z‑r- I‑m-d‑n-t‑e-¡‑p-Å \-S-¯‑w
Ñ‑n-I-a-Ã. _‑m-e‑y-¯‑nÂ‑, KÄ- A-£-c‑mÀ-°-¯‑n N‑p-«‑p-
^‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v B-Z‑y‑w t‑I-« s‑]‑m-Å‑n-¨‑p. A-i‑v-d-^‑n-s‑â
"N‑q-S‑v' b‑p.F.C-b‑n X-§‑n-b ^‑v-f‑m-ä‑n-t‑e-¡‑p-Å b‑m-{‑X-b‑nÂ
]-X‑n-\-©‑p Z‑n-h-k-h‑p‑w A-X‑n- H-c‑p s‑I‑m-¨‑p I‑p-ª‑n-s‑â I‑u-

44 / Pq¬ / 2021

"Zpss_' F¶v ap¼v hmsamgn- s‑s‑K-U‑n-s‑\ t‑]‑m-s‑e
bn ]dªncp¶Xv H‑m-t‑c‑m I‑m-c‑y-h‑p‑w
bp.F.Cbnse \nÝnX tZiw A-h³ ]-d-ª‑p-X-
F¶ AÀ°¯n am{XaÃ; ¶‑p-s‑I‑m-t‑ï-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
Atd_y F¶ hnimemÀ° A-k-Z‑n-s‑â a-¡-b‑n-t‑e-
¯n IqSnbmWv. kuZn ¡‑p-Å ]‑m-X-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S-
Atd_ybn \n¶pw J¯ b‑p‑w B-S‑p-P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-
dn \n¶pw aäpw hcp¶htc e‑q-s‑S-b‑p‑w X‑o-{‑h-a‑m-b‑n
bpw "Zp_mbn¡mc³' F¶m A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¨ a-c‑p-`‑q-a‑n-b‑p-
Wv \m«p¼pd¯pImÀ s‑S `‑o-I-c-X A-t‑¸‑mÄ
hnfn¨ncp¶Xv. a-\-Ê‑n-e‑q-s‑S I-S-¶‑p-
t‑]‑m-b‑n.

b‑m-{‑X-b‑n-s‑e H‑m-
t‑c‑m I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑p‑w
KÄ-^‑p‑w t‑I-c-f-h‑p‑w

X‑p-I-t‑¯‑m-s‑S \‑n-t‑b‑m¬ s‑h-f‑n- X-½‑n-e‑p-Å A-´-c‑w
¨-¯‑n a‑p-§‑n-b Z‑p-s‑s‑_-b‑p-s‑S t‑_‑m-[‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-¯-
k‑u-µ-c‑y‑w B-k‑z-Z‑n-¨‑p. ]‑n-t‑ä ¶‑p. b‑p.F.C-b‑nÂ
Z‑n-h-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-_‑q-Z‑m-_‑n \‑n-¶‑p C-\‑n-b‑p‑w F-{‑X-
t‑I-c-f t‑k‑m-j‑y s‑kâ-d‑n-s‑â s‑b-{‑X I‑m-c‑y-§Ä
B-`‑n-a‑p-J‑y-¯‑n-e‑p-Å k‑m-l‑n-X‑y \‑m‑w ]T‑n-t‑¡-ï‑n-b‑n-c‑n-
I‑y‑m-¼‑v. Z‑p-s‑s‑_-b‑n \‑n-¶‑v _-k‑v ¡‑p-¶‑p?
a‑mÀ-¤‑w A-_‑q-Z‑m-_‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p-Å
b‑m-{‑X-b‑n a‑p-P‑o-_‑p-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p- t‑I-c-f t‑k‑m-j‑yÂ
¶‑p. b‑p.F.C-b‑p-s‑S `‑q-a‑n-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑w s‑kâ-d‑n-s‑e k‑m-l‑n-X‑y
\-¶‑m-b‑n A-d‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑m H-c‑p I‑y‑m-¼‑v a‑p³-[‑m-c-W-I-
s‑f X‑n-c‑p-¯‑n. t‑I-c-f-

/ Pq¬ / 2021 45

¯‑n \-S-¡‑m-d‑p-Å k‑m-l‑n- j‑y s‑kâÀ H‑m-U‑n-t‑ä‑m-
X‑y I‑y‑m-¼‑p-I-f‑n I‑m-W‑m-¯ d‑n-b-¯‑n-\-I-¯‑v t‑I-c-f‑o-b
k-P‑o-h-X I‑y‑m-¼‑w-K-§-f‑n \‑m-«‑p-¼‑p-d-s‑¯-¶ t‑]‑m-s‑e
I-ï‑p. A-¼-X‑n-t‑e-s‑d {‑]-h‑m- D-ï-b‑p‑w ]-g‑w s‑]‑m-c‑n-b‑p‑w
k‑n F-g‑p-¯‑p-I‑mÀ A-¨-S-¡- I‑n-«‑p-¶ X-«‑p-I-S. B-I-¸‑m-s‑S
t‑¯‑m-s‑S‑, \‑n-d-ª B-ß‑mÀ- t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑â s‑I‑m-¨‑p-]-X‑n-
°-X-t‑b‑m-s‑S I‑y‑m-¼‑n-s‑\ ¸‑v. t‑I-c-f-¯‑n \-S-¡‑m-d‑p-Å
k-P‑o-h-a‑m-¡‑n. F.F. a‑p-l- k‑m-l‑n-X‑y I‑y‑m-¼‑p-I-t‑f-¡‑mÄ
½-Z‑p‑w i‑n-l‑m-_‑p-±‑o³ s‑]‑m-b‑v- B-t‑h-i-I-c-a‑m-b‑n t‑X‑m-¶‑n
¯‑p‑w-I-S-h‑p‑w k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨-X‑v t‑k‑m-j‑y s‑kâ-d‑n-t‑e-X‑v.
I‑y‑m-¼‑n-s‑\ K‑u-c-h-X-c-a‑m- I‑y‑m-¼‑w-K-§-f‑n H-«‑p-a‑n-¡
¡‑n. {‑]-h‑m-k‑n-s‑b-g‑p-¯‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑p‑w F-g‑p-¯‑p-I‑mÀ‑, ]‑p-k‑v-
B-ß‑m-h-d‑n-b‑p-¶-h-c‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m X-I-§Ä {‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¨-
C-c‑p-h-c‑p‑w. hÀ H-t‑«-s‑d‑, I-h‑n A-k‑v-t‑a‑m
]‑p-¯³-N‑n-d a‑p-X ]-{‑X-{‑]-
A-_‑q-Z‑m-_‑n-b‑n-s‑e t‑k‑m- hÀ-¯-I-\‑p‑w F-g‑p-¯‑p-I‑m-c-
j‑y s‑kâ-d‑n-s‑â A-I- \‑p-a‑m-b k-^-d‑p-Å ]‑m-e-s‑¸-
¯-f‑w t‑I-c-f‑w ]-d‑n-¨‑p «‑n h-s‑c. t‑»‑m-s‑K-g‑p-¯‑p-I‑mÀ
\-«-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e-b‑m-W‑v. a-e- A-t‑\-I‑w. t‑k‑m-j‑y s‑kâ-
b‑m-f-¯‑n t‑_‑mÀ-U‑v, t‑k‑m-

46 / Pq¬ / 2021

d‑n a‑q-¶‑v {‑]-`‑m-j-W-§Ä \‑m-e‑v -
\-S-¯‑m³ F-\‑n-¡-h-k-c‑w KÄ-^‑n-s‑e a-e-b‑m-f‑n-IÄ
e-`‑n-¨‑p. k‑m-l‑n-X‑y I‑y‑m-¼‑n-\‑p a-®‑n ¹‑m-Ì‑n-s‑¡-¶ t‑]‑m-
]‑p-d-s‑a \‑m-S-I I‑y‑m-¼‑n-s‑â s‑e-b‑m-W‑v. A-hÀ A-t‑d-_‑y³
k-a‑m-]-\ N-S-§‑n-e‑p‑w c‑m-a‑m-b- a-®‑n ]‑qÀ-®-a‑m-b‑n e-b‑n-
W-¯‑n-s‑â _-l‑p-k‑z-c-X-s‑b-¸- ¨‑p t‑NÀ-¶‑n-«‑n-Ã. A-t‑Ã-e‑p‑w
ä‑n £-W‑n-¡-s‑¸-« k-Z-Ê‑n-\‑p F-¶‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h-c-h‑n-s‑\-¸-ä‑n
a‑p-¼‑n-e‑p‑w. c‑m-a‑m-b-W-¯‑n-s‑â a‑m-{‑X‑w N‑n-´‑n-¡‑p-¶-hÀ-s‑¡-
\‑m-t‑S‑m-S‑n c‑q-]-§-s‑f ]-ä‑n-b‑m- ´‑v A-t‑d-_‑y³ a-®‑p‑w k‑w-
W‑v F-s‑â ]‑n.F-¨‑v.U‑n K-t‑h- k‑v-I‑m-c-h‑p‑w k‑m-l‑n-X‑y-h‑p‑w?
j-W‑w. A-X‑n-\‑m {‑]-k‑v- _‑m-e‑y-¯‑n k-¦Â-¸‑n-¨
X‑p-X ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n I‑q-S‑p-XÂ ]-W‑w I‑m-b‑v-¡‑p-¶ a-c-§-s‑f‑m-
l‑r-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n t‑X‑m-¶‑n. t‑k‑m- ¶‑p‑w b‑p.F.C-b‑n I-ï‑n-Ã.
j‑y s‑kâ-d‑n-s‑e a-e-b‑m-f‑n AÂ-s‑F-\‑n \-S-¶ H-c‑p
k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡-f‑p-s‑S k‑v-t‑\-l‑w {‑]-`‑m-j-W ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-¡‑n-s‑S
h‑oÀ-¸‑p-a‑p-«‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H-c‑mÄ t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: ‑"\‑m-«‑nÂ
\‑n-¶‑v N‑n-´‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ KÄ-
C-t‑¸‑mÄ KÄ-s‑^-¶‑p ^‑n-s‑\ I‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å N‑n-{‑X-
]-d-ª‑m ]-X‑n-\-©‑p Z‑n- s‑a-´‑m-W‑v?‑' F-\‑n-¡‑v G-s‑d-
h-k‑w R‑m³ B-t‑h‑m-f‑w s‑b‑m-¶‑p‑w B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-t‑¡-ï‑n
\‑p-IÀ-¶ k‑v-t‑\-l-a‑m-W‑v. h-¶‑n-Ã. ]-g-b ]-W‑w I‑m-b‑v-
X‑n-c-¡‑p-IÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑n-e‑p‑w ^‑v-f‑m- ¡‑p-¶ a-c‑w. t‑d‑m-U-c‑n-I‑n-s‑e
ä‑p-I-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v £-W‑n-¨ k‑p- A-d-_‑n-IÄ h‑m-c‑n h‑n-X-d‑n-b
l‑r-¯‑p-¡-f‑p-s‑S a-d-¡‑m-\‑m- ]-W‑w... C-h-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ c-k-
h‑m-¯ a‑p-J-a‑m-W‑v.
/ Pq¬ / 2021 47

I-c-a‑m-b‑n h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. °‑n-I-s‑f I‑m-W‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ
A-t‑¸‑mÄ a-s‑ä‑m-c‑m-f‑p-s‑S t‑N‑m- R‑m³ ]‑m-h-s‑¸-« {‑]-h‑m-k‑n-
Z‑y‑w C-§-s‑\: ‑"C-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, C-h‑n- I-s‑f H‑mÀ-¡‑m-d‑p-ï‑v. "^‑m-ZÀ
s‑S KÄ-^‑n F-¯‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ F-´‑p-s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑p‑' F-¶‑p t‑N‑m-
F-´‑p-t‑X‑m-¶‑n?" F-s‑â a-\-Ê‑v Z‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ ‑"KÄ-^‑n-e‑m-W‑v'
\‑n-d-s‑b a‑p-k-^-b‑n-s‑e t‑e- F-¶‑p-¯-c‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶-h-t‑c‑m-S‑v,
_À I‑y‑m-¼‑n-s‑â N‑n-{‑X-§-f‑m- A-d‑n-b‑m-s‑X "\-¶‑m-b‑n ]T‑n-¡-
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. Z‑p-_‑m-b‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w W‑w‑' F-¶‑v D-]-t‑Z-i‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-
]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-« a‑p-¸-X‑v hÀ-j‑w I‑m-d‑p-ï‑v.
]‑n-¶‑n-« {‑]-h‑m-k‑n h‑r-²-s‑â
N‑n-{‑X-h‑p‑w. A-h F-s‑â a-\- KÄ-^‑n-s‑e s‑]‑m-c‑n-s‑h-b‑n-
Ê‑n-t‑eÂ-¸‑n-¨ B-L‑m-X‑w e-¯‑v h‑n-bÀ-s‑¸‑m-g‑p-¡‑n A-b-
A-{‑X-t‑a-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑v h‑n- ¡‑p-¶ ]-W-¯‑n-s‑â a‑q-e‑y-h‑p‑w
i-Z‑o-I-c‑n-t‑¡-ï‑n-h-¶‑p. {‑]-h‑m-k‑n-¡‑v k‑z-´‑w a-¡-f‑n-
e‑q-s‑S-b‑p-Å k‑z-]‑v-\-§-f‑p‑w
t‑e-_À I‑y‑m-¼‑n X‑m-a- F-¶‑n-t‑e-¡-t‑¸‑mÄ B-h‑m-
k‑n-¨‑v, IT‑n-\‑m-[‑z‑m-\‑w s‑N-b‑v- l‑n-¡‑p‑w. Z‑p-s‑s‑_-b‑n \‑n-¶‑v
X‑v A-b-¡‑p-¶ ]-W-¯‑n-s‑â ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-«‑, {‑]-h‑m-k-¯‑n-
h‑n-e \‑m-«‑n-e‑p-Å-hÀ A-d‑n-b‑p- s‑â a‑p-¸-X‑v hÀ-j-§Ä ]‑n-¶‑n-
¶‑p-ï‑m-I‑p-t‑a‑m? ]-W-s‑¡‑m- «-b‑m-s‑f B-Z‑y‑w I-ï-X‑v ]-{‑´-
g‑p-¸‑n-s‑â A-l-¦‑m-c-t‑¯‑m-s‑S ï‑p t‑]À X‑m-a-k‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p
I‑y‑m-¼-k‑n h-c‑p-¶ h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ- I‑p-S‑p-Ê‑p a‑p-d‑n-b‑n s‑h-¨‑m-W‑v.

48 / Pq¬ / 2021

d‑q-a‑n A-t‑¸‑mÄ A-c-ï k‑z-]‑v-\-§Ä. H-¶‑p \‑nÀ-¯‑n
s‑h-«-t‑a D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p- A-t‑±-l‑w X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p: "a-I-s‑f
Å‑q. F.k‑n.b‑p-s‑S X-W‑p- \-à \‑n-e-b‑n s‑I-«‑n-¨-b-
¸‑v h-Ã‑m-s‑¯‑m-c‑p B-i‑z‑m- ¨‑p. C-¸‑w A-h-f‑p-s‑S a-I-s‑f
k‑w ]-IÀ-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑I-«‑n-¨-b-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n. A-X‑p
c‑m-{‑X‑n-b‑p‑w ]-I-e‑p‑w a‑m-d‑n- I‑q-S‑n I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-
a‑m-d‑n t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑N-¿‑p-¶-hÀ W‑w. h‑r-²³ h‑o-ï‑p‑w a‑u-\-
B a‑p-d‑n-b‑n X‑m-a-k‑n-¨‑n- ¯‑n-e‑m-ï‑p. R‑m³ h‑n-«‑n-Ã:
c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-\‑m i-Ð- "A-t‑¸‑mÄ h‑o-t‑S‑m?‑' "a‑q-h‑m-b‑n-
a‑p-ï‑m-¡-c‑p-X‑v F-¶‑p‑w c‑w k‑v-I‑z-bÀ ^‑o-ä‑p-Å h‑o-S‑v
D-d-§‑p-¶-hÀ-¡‑v h‑n-L‑v-\‑w \‑m-«‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n. a-¡-s‑f‑m-s‑¡
h-c‑p-¯-c‑p-s‑X-¶‑p‑w B-Z‑y- \-Ã \‑n-e-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n...‑' AÂ-]‑w
t‑a F-\‑n-¡‑v a‑p-¶-d‑n-b‑n-¸‑v \‑nÀ-¯‑n A-b‑mÄ H-c‑m-ß-
I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K-X‑w t‑]‑m-s‑e D-]-k‑w-l-c‑n-
¨‑p: ‑"hÀ-j-§-f‑m-b‑n-«‑v R‑m³
a‑q-¶‑v X-«‑p-I-f‑n-e‑m-b‑n-«‑m- I‑n-S-¡‑p-¶-X‑v C‑u a‑p-d‑n-b‑nÂ
W‑v B-f‑p-IÄ I‑n-S-¶‑n-c‑p- C‑u Ø-e-¯‑m-W‑v. a‑q-¶‑v X-«‑p-
¶-X‑v. A-¯-c-s‑a‑m-c‑p X-«‑n- I-f‑p-Å I-«‑n-e‑n-s‑â G-ä-h‑p‑w
s‑â G-ä-h‑p‑w A-S‑n-b‑n A-S‑n-b‑nÂ. A-S‑p-¯‑p I‑n-S-
D-d-§‑m-s‑\‑m-c‑p-§‑p-¶ ¡‑p-¶ s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-s‑b i-e‑y‑w
h‑r-²-\‑m-b {‑]-h‑m-k‑n s‑N-¿‑m-s‑X‑, i-Ð-a‑p-ï‑m-¡‑m-
F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v h‑n-t‑i-j-§Ä s‑X.
t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p. X‑m-¦Ä F-{‑X
hÀ-j-a‑m-b‑n Z‑p-_‑m-b‑n C‑u a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â a-I-\‑p‑w
F-¯‑n-b‑n-s‑«-¶‑p R‑m³ H-c‑p-]-t‑£ R‑m³ ]T‑n-¸‑n-
X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ ¡‑p-¶ I‑y‑m-¼-k‑n s‑s‑_-
H-c‑p Ú‑m-\‑n-s‑b-t‑¸‑m-s‑e ¡‑n N‑o-d‑n-h-¶‑v H-c‑p Z‑p-c-´-
A-b‑mÄ AÂ-]-t‑\-c‑w \‑m-S-I-¯‑n-s‑e t‑I‑m-a‑m-f‑n-s‑b
a‑u-\‑n-b‑m-b‑n. B-ß-h‑n- t‑]‑m-s‑e ]‑m-h-s‑¸-« h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-
N‑m-c-W t‑]‑m-s‑e ]‑n-¶‑o- °‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S {‑i-²-b‑m-IÀ-j‑n-
S-b‑mÄ ]-d-ª‑p: "a‑p-¸-X‑v ¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑m-h-W‑w‑!
hÀ-j-h‑p‑w \‑m-e‑p-a‑m-k-
h‑p‑w.' \‑m-«‑n h-Ã-X‑p‑w / Pq¬ / 2021 49
k-¼‑m-Z‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-t‑ï‑m F-¶
t‑N‑m-Z‑y-¯‑n-\‑v \‑o-ï a-d‑p-
]-S‑n \Â-I‑n A-b‑mÄ:
"a-I-s‑f \-à \‑n-e-b‑n h‑n-
h‑m-l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X-b-¡‑p-I‑,
k‑z-´-a‑m-b‑n H-c‑p h‑o-S‑p-
ï‑m-¡‑p-I C-s‑X‑m-s‑¡-b‑m-
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p Z‑p-_‑m-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v
h-c‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶

sI.kn ssjPÂ ^manen

]mcâ n-MnÂ
]nXm-hnsâ
tdmsf´v ?

50 / Pq¬ / 2021