Parit Sulong mengambil nama sempena nama seorang pemburu diraja yang terkenal pada awal kurun ke-20. Sulong ialah anak kepada seorang panglima bernama Gantang keturunan Megat Seri Rama atau Laksamana Bentan pada zaman Kerajaan Johor Purba. Lawatan Sultan Ibrahim ke Singapura, telah menemukan Sultan Ibrahim dengan Sulong ataupun lebih dikenali sebagai Pendekar Sulong. Penemuan sepasang gading gajah yang besar oleh Sultan Ibrahim menimbulkan kemurkaan baginda. Baginda ingin mengetahui dari mana gading itu didapati dan bagaimana pemburuan dilakukan tanpa mendapat izin daripada kerajaan. Oleh yang demikian, rombongan pasukan diraja telah dihantar ke Simpang Kiri bagi menangkap Pendekar Sulong dan beliau telah dipenjarakan. Atas nasihat pembesar-pembesar negeri, Pendekar Sulong telah diarahkan untuk menjadi Pengiring Sultan disebabkan teknik serta kecekapan beliau dalam berburu. Sepanjang mengiringi Sultan memburu di sekitar pelosok Johor, Sultan tertarik dengan kecekapan Pendekar Sulong dan mengampunkan kesalahannya. Di samping itu, Pendekar Sulong juga dilantik sebagai Ketua Kampung Simpang Kiri. Pendekar Sulong telah membangunkan kampung melalui perusahaan tanaman gambir dan menjemput lebih ramai orang-orang Cina bagi tujuan tersebut. Atas daya usaha Sulong dan kerjasama penduduk, maka sebatang parit telah digali dari tepi sungai menghala ke Simpang Tiga. Bersempena usaha tersebut juga, maka pekan ini telah dinamakan Parit Sulong. Parit Sulong derives its name from a renowned royal hunter in the early 20th century. Sulong, the child of a commander named Gantang, traces their lineage back to Megat Seri Rama or Laksamana Bentan during the time of the Ancient Johor Kingdom. During Sultan Ibrahim's visit to Singapore, he encountered Sulong, also known as Pendekar Sulong. Sultan Ibrahim's discovery of a pair of large elephant tusks angered him, prompting him to inquire about their origin and the unauthorized hunt. Consequently, a group of royal troops was dispatched to Simpang Kiri to apprehend Pendekar Sulong, who was subsequently imprisoned. Following the advice of esteemed state dignitaries, Pendekar Sulong was ordered to become the Sultan's Escort due to his exceptional hunting skills. As he accompanied the Sultan on hunting expeditions throughout Johor, Pendekar Sulong's efficiency left a lasting impression on the Sultan, leading to his forgiveness. Furthermore, Pendekar Sulong was appointed as the Head of Simpang Kiri Village. Under Pendekar Sulong's guidance, the village thrived through the cultivation of gambir crops and the attraction of more Chinese settlers. Through the collaborative efforts of Sulong and the residents, a trench was dug from the river bank towards Simpang Tiga. In recognition of these endeavors, the town came to be known as Parit Sulong Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong THE ORIGIN OF PARIT SULONG ASAL USUL PARIT SULONG 50
Parit Sulong sekitar tahun 1940-an. Parit Sulong in 1940s. Kubur Allahyarham Sulong bin Gantang. The Late Sulong Gantang's Tombstone. Dua dari kanan merupakan anak kepada Sulong iaitu Allahyarham Mian bin Sulong yang merupakan ketua kampung pada tahun 1930-an. Two from the right is the son of Sulong, the late Mian Sulong, who served as the head of the village in the 1930s. Senarai nama penghulu kampung pada ketika itu. List of Village Heads at that time. Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong 51
Negeri / State Daerah / District Parlimen/Parliament Adun / Assemblyman Mukim / Town Jabatan / Organization Batin/Penghulu/ Headman Johor Batu Pahat Parit Sulong Sri Medan 18, Sri Medan Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli (JAKOA), Daerah Batu Pahat / Pontian Lim bin Abdul Rahman : : : : : : : Kampung Lama Orang Asli Leboh telah didiami sejak 1865-an oleh orang asli suku kaum Jakun yang berasal dari Kampung Padang Besar, Muar. Batin atau ketua masyarakat pada ketika itu adalah Mohamad bin Tukang. Dianggarkan seramai 50 keluarga dengan jumlah 300 orang penduduk tinggal di rumah-rumah pondok sekitar perkampungan ini. Mereka masih berpegang teguh dengan adat resam, kepercayaan dan pantang larang nenek moyang mereka termasuk animisme. Lokasi Kampung Lama Orang Asli Leboh Kampung Lama Orang Asli Leboh has been inhabited since 1865 by the Orang Asli of the Jakun tribe, who originate from Kampung Padang Besar, Muar. The community leader at that time was Mohamad bin Tukang. It is estimated that around 50 families, comprising a total of 300 people, reside in the cottages within this village. They have preserved their ancestral customs, beliefs and taboos, which include animism. PENUBUHAN AWAL KAMPUNG LEBOH, PARIT SULONG EARLY ESTABLISHMENT OF LEBOH VILLAGE, PARIT SULONG Lokasi / Location of Kampung Lama Orang Asli Leboh Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong 52
Program khidmat masyarakat yang dijalankan oleh UTHM di Kampung Lama Orang Asli Leboh. Community service programme conducted by UTHM at Kampung Lama Orang Asli Leboh. Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong 53
TOKOH TERPILIH DI PARIT SULONG NOTABLE FIGURE FROM PARIT SULONG Dato’ Jamil Sulong Dilahirkan pada 6 Ogos 1926 di Parit Sulong Batu Pahat. Anak kepada Sulong Muhammad dan Temun Manang. Bapa beliau merupakan Naib Penghulu Mukim 4 Parit Sulong manakala ibunya merupakan anak angkat Sulong bin Gantang, Pengasas Parit Sulong. Born on 6 August 1926 in Parit Sulong, Batu Pahat, he is the son of Sulong Muhammad and Temun Manang. His father served as the Deputy Head of Mukim 4 Parit Sulong, while his mother was the adopted daughter of Sulong Gantang, the Founder of Parit Sulong. Pengenalan / Introduction Berkahwin dengan Seniwati Datuk Rosnani Jamil pada tahun 1953 dan dikurniakan 3 orang cahaya mata. Married to Seniwati Datuk Rosnani Jamil in 1953 and blessed with 3 children. Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong 54
Dato’ Jamil Sulong dan keluarganya telah lari untuk menyelamatkan diri ke Bukit Chapal dan Bukit Cengkenik semasa tercetusnya Pertempuran Parit Sulong pada tahun 1942. Dato' Jamil Sulong and his family sought refuge in Bukit Chapal and Bukit Cengkenik during the outbreak of The Battle of Parit Sulong in 1942. Selepas tentera Jepun berundur pada tahun 1952, keganasan komunis tercetus di Parit Sulong. Keganasan komunis telah mengakibatkan ibu dan empat ahli keluarganya terkorban dan kejadian tersebut disaksikan sendiri oleh beliau. After the Japanese army retreated in 1952, communist violence erupted in Parit Sulong. This violence resulted in the death of his mother and four members of his family, and he witnessed these tragic events firsthand. Beliau mula menulis berita, cerpen dan sajak serta melukis untuk akhbar tempatan dan Singapura sebaik sahaja membuat keputusan untuk berhenti sekolah. He started writing news, short stories, and poems, as well as drawing, right after dropping out of school. His works were published in local and Singapore newspapers. Beliau mula berkecimpung dalam bidang politik dan menjadi setiausaha Parti Pergerakan Melayu Semenanjung cawangan Parit Sulong (nama lain sebelum ia ditukar menjadi UMNO). He engaged in political work and served as the secretary of the Parit Sulong Branch of Parti Pergerakan Melayu Semenanjung before transforming to UMNO. Beliau terkenal dalam kalangan penduduk Parit Sulong atas jasanya menyerahkan tanah milik sendiri dan keluarga kepada kerajaan untuk penempatan individu tanpa pemilikan tanah dan pembinaan prasarana setempat. He is well known among the residents of Parit Sulong for generously donating land owned by himself and his family to the government. This land has been utilised for the settlement of landless individuals and the construction of local infrastructure. Kisah Parit Sulong dan Dato’ Jamil Sulong The story of Parit Sulong and Dato’ Jamil Sulong Kebangkitan / Catatan Dato' Jamil Sulong mengenai keluarganya yang terkorban semasa pertempuran di Parit Sulong. Dato' Jamil Sulong's notes about his family members who were killed during the Battle of Parit Sulong. The Awakening Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong 55
Menarik Tentang Dato' Jamil Sulong / Merupakan antara pengarah filem Melayu tersohor tahun 1950-an. Dato' Jamil Sulong was one of the leading film directors in 1950s. Berhijrah ke Singapura bersama rakannya, Dato’ Dr. Usman Awang untuk menghadiri temuduga Penolong Pengarah di Malay Film Production (MFP), Jalan Ampas. He emigrated to Singapore with his friend Dato' Dr. Usman Awang to attend an interview for the position of Assistant Director at Malay Film Production (MFP) located at Jalan Ampas. Beliau lulus temuduga sebagai Penolong Pengarah lalu diambil bekerja pada bulan November 1951. He successfully passed the interview as an Assistant Director and was hired in November 1951. Beliau telah mengarah lebih kurang 33 filem. Antara filem arahannya adalah Miskin (1952), Hati Iblis (1953), Lela Manja (1960), Isi Neraka (1960), Si Tanggang (1961) dan banyak lagi. Filem terakhirnya adalah pada tahun 1998, iaitu Raja Melewar. He directed a total of 33 films. Some notable films directed by him include "Miskin" (1952), "Hati Iblis" (1953), "Lela Manja" (1960), "Isi Neraka" (1960), "Si Tanggang" (1961), and many more. His last film, "Raja Melewar," was released in 1998. Beliau juga berkebolehan mencipta lagu. Kebanyakan lagu ikonik yang kedengaran kini adalah hasil karya beliau. Antaranya adalah Selamat Hari Raya, Berkorban Apa Saja dan Tiru Macam Saya. He is also a skilled songwriter, and many of his compositions have become iconic songs that are still widely heard today. Some of his notable masterpieces include "Selamat Hari Raya," "Berkorban Apa Saja," and "Tiru Macam Saya." Penghargaan dan Penghormatan / Penerbit di Filem Negara Malaysia, Kementerian Penerangan Malaysia (1968 hingga 1974). Producer at Filem Negara Malaysia, Ministry of Information Malaysia (1968 to 1974). Ahli Lembaga Akademi Filem Malaysia. Board Member of Malaysia Film Academy. Ketua Rundingan Skrip di FINAS. Head of Script Negotiation at FINAS. Ahli Cipta (Karyawan Tetamu Seni) di Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Kemanusiaan, Universiti Sains Malaysia (1968 hingga 1974). Creative Fellow (Guest Art Artist) at the Center of Humanities Study, Universiti Sains Malaysia (1968 to 1974). Penulis buku “Kaca Permata: Memoir seorang Pengarang” dan “Jamil Sulong: Warisan dan Wawasan”. Writer of “Kaca Permata: Memoir seorang Pengarang” and “Jamil Sulong: Warisan and Wawasan”. Menerima anugerah Ahli Mangku Negara (A.M.N) (1963) dan Kesatria Mangku Negara (K.M.N) (1975) daripada Yang Dipertuan Agong. Received the awards of Ahli Mangku Negara (A.M.N) (1963) and Kesatria Mangku Negara (K.M.N) (1975) from Yang Dipertuan Agong. 25 September 2014 yang Sugul… / Dato’ Jamil Sulong diserang sakit angin ahmar, setelah sebulan koma, beliau menghembuskan nafasnya yang terakhir pada 25 September 2014, jam 9.30 malam di rumah anaknya, di Bukit Damansara. Dato' Jamil Sulong suffered a stroke and remained in a coma for a month before passing away on 25 September 2014 at 9:30 pm at his son's house in Bukit Damansara. The Sadness of 25 September 2014... Among The Best of Dato' Jamil Sulong Appreciation and Respect Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong 56
Antara filem arahan Dato' Jamil Sulong. Among the films directed by Dato' Jamil Sulong. Dua buah buku hasil karya Dato' Jamil Sulong. Two books written by Dato' Jamil Sulong. Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong 57
BATU ACEH WARISAN SEJARAH BATU PAHAT BATU ACEH HISTORICAL HERITAGE OF BATU PAHAT Jenis-jenis Batu Aceh di Negeri Johor. Types of Batu Aceh in Johor. Fatwa Memelihara Tapak Sejarah Batu Aceh di Batu Pahat atau di lain tempat dalam Negeri Johor. Fatwa for Preservation of Batu Aceh Historical Sites in Batu Pahat or Any Other Places in Johor. Batu Aceh ialah batu nisan yang berasal dari Aceh, Sumatera Utara. Batu Aceh is a tombstone originating from Aceh, located in North Sumatra. Batu nisan ini telah diukir oleh orang-orang Melayu Aceh sejak abad ke-15 hingga 19 Masehi dan tersebar hampir ke seluruh Nusantara. These tombstones have been carved by the Acehnese Malays since the 15th to 19th centuries AD and are found throughout the archipelago. Digunakan oleh raja-raja dan pembesar-pembesar Melayu pada zaman itu. Used by Malay kings and dignitaries of the time. Bentuk dan hiasan batu-batu nisan adalah gabungan daripada kesenian yang wujud di rantau ini berdasarkan latar belakang sejarah dan budaya. The shape and decoration of these tombstones are a combination of the arts that existed in this region, based on its historical and cultural background. Catatan tarikh dan nama si mati, petikan ayat-ayat daripada al-Quran dan puisi bertemakan kematian. Record the date and name of the deceased, quote verses from the Quran, and include poems related to the theme of death. Batu nisan ini melambangkan keimanan si mati dan boleh dianggap keramat. These tombstones symbolise the faith of the deceased and are regarded as sacred. Tanah Perkuburan Islam Bukit Inas (sebelah rumah Salleh Wak Dakam), Kampung Sri Bahagia, Jalan Bukit Inas, Sri Medan (koordinat: 1°59'28.3"N 102°54'52.7"E). Tripologi 1400 dan 1500 Masihi. Bukit Inas Islamic Cemetery (next to Salleh Wak Dakam's house), Kampung Sri Bahagia, Jalan Bukit Inas, Sri Medan (coordinates: 1°59'28.3"N 102°54'52.7"E). Trypology 1400 and 1500 AD. Kampung Bukit Senjata, Jalan Kangkar Senangar, Parit Sulong (koordinat: 1°59'48.4"N 102°52'39.8"E). Tripologi 1500 Masihi. Kampung Bukit Senjata, Jalan Kangkar Senangar, Parit Sulong (coordinates: 1°59'48.4"N 102°52'39.8"E). Trypology 1500 AD. Tanah Perkuburan Islam Bukit Chapal, Parit Sulong (koordinat: 1°59'07.9"N 102°53'42.1"E). Tripologi 1400 dan 1700 Masihi. Bukit Chapal Islamic Cemetery, Parit Sulong (coordinates: 1°59'07.9"N 102°53'42.1"E). Trypology 1400 and 1700 AD. Makam Tok Kerayong, Bukit Kerayong, Kampung Gobek, Sri Medan (koordinat: 2°03'02.2"N 102°56'52.2"E). Tripologi 1500 Masihi. Tok Kerayong's Tomb, Bukit Kerayong, Kampung Gobek, Sri Medan (coordinates: 2°03'02.2"N 102°56'52.2"E). Tripology 1500 AD. Tiang Lampu 24, Jalan Parit Mustaffa Laut, Parit Sulong (koordinat: 1°57'13.2"N 102°51'52.6"E). Triplogi 1400 Masihi. Lamp Post 24, Jalan Parit Mustaffa Laut, Parit Sulong (coordinate: 1°57'13.2"N 102°51'52.6"E). Trypology1400 AD. Tanah Perkuburan Islam Kampung Lubok Laut, Jalan Parit Lubok Laut Semerah (koordinat: 1°52'28.5"N 102°47'32.7"E). Tripologi 1400 Masihi. Kampung Lubok Laut Islamic Cemetary, Jalan Parit Lubok Laut Semerah (coordinate: 1°52'28.5"N 102°47'32.7"E). Trypology 1400 AD. Lokasi-Lokasi Batu Aceh / Locations of Batu Acheh Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong 58
Tanah Perkuburan Islam Bukit Inas Islamic Cemetry Bukit Inas Prof Dr. Daniel Perret & Drs. Kamaruddin bin Ab. Razak Prof Dr. Daniel Perret & Drs. Kamaruddin bin Ab. Razak A History of Johore 1365-1895 Makam Tok Kerayong Tok Kerayong Tomb Jalan Parit Mustaffa Laut Batu Aceh: Early Islamic Gravestones In Peninsular Malaysia (1988) Batu Aceh Warisan Sejarah Johor (1999) Batu Aceh Johor dalam Perbandingan (2004) Richard Olof Winstedt Prof. Dato' Dr. Othman bin Md. Yatim Tokoh Utama Kajian Batu Aceh di Malaysia / Key Figures of Batu Aceh Studies in Malaysia Sejarah Pertempuran Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong 59
Tentera Jepun mula memasuki Tanah Melayu dengan pendaratan pertama tentera lautnya di Pantai Sabak, Kelantan. Mereka terus mara ke selatan dengan matlamat untuk menawan Singapura sebagai destinasi terakhir mereka. Japanese troops began to enter the Malaya with their navy first landing at Sabak Beach, Kelantan. From here, they continued to move southward with the goal of colonizing Singapore as their last destination. The Japanese troops arrived in Muar, Johor. Muar city was bombed by the Japanese Air Force. The bombing of Muar city marked the imminent downfall of Malaya to the Japanese. The Australian troops were positioned in the middle and moved northward from Segamat to Gemas where they fought with the advancing Japanese troops. Tentera Jepun sampai di Muar, Johor. Bandar Muar telah dibom oleh tentera udara Jepun. Pengeboman Bandar Muar itu menandakan saat-saat terakhir kejatuhan Tanah Melayu ke tangan Jepun. Pasukan Australia diletakkan pada kedudukan tengah dan bergerak maju ke utara dari Segamat ke Gemas di mana mereka bertembung dengan pasukan tentera Jepun yang sedang mara. 8 Disember 1941 11 Januari 1942 14 Januari 1942 Pendaratan lanjut tentera Jepun dilakukan di Endau walaupun menerima tentangan yang hebat daripada serangan udara pengebom torpedo Vickers Vildebeest. Pertahanan terakhir Komanwel di Johor yang tertumpu pada Batu Pahat - Kluang - Mersing diserang sepanjang barisan pertahanannya. Tragedi pembunuhan beramai-ramai anggota tentera Berikat yang kebanyakannya dari Australia, di kawasan Jambatan Parit Sulong, dikenali sebagai “Parit Sulong Massacre”. Seramai 145 anggota diseksa dan dibunuh, sama ada dipancung atau ditembak dalam pembunuhan beramai-ramai tersebut. The massacre tragedy of the Allied Forces, mostly from Australia, near the Parit Sulong bridge is known as "Parit Sulong Massacre". A total of 145 members were tortured and killed, either beheaded or shot in that massacre. Japanese troops continued to make further landings in Endau despite encountering great resistance from air raids conducted by Vickers Vildebeest torpedo bombers. The final Commonwealth defense in Johor concentrated on the Batu Pahat - Kluang - Mersing line came under continuous attack throughout it's defense perimeter. 22 & 23 Januari 1942 Keseluruhan Tanah Melayu telah jatuh ke tangan Jepun. The Malaya fell into the hands of the Japanese. 31 Januari 1942 KRONOLOGI PERTEMPURAN DI PARIT SULONG THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE BATTLE OF PARIT SULONG 20 Januari 1942 60 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
15 Januari 1942 Divisyen ke-5 Jepun yang merupakan pasukan utama tentera Jepun tiba dan bertempur buat pertama kali dengan pasukan Australia Division ke-8, di bawah pemerintahan Mejar Jeneral Gordon Bennett. Semasa pertempuran dengan Australian Imperial Force di Gemas, tentera Jepun mengalami kekalahan buat kali pertama dengan angka korban sekitar 600 orang. Pihak tentera Jepun kemudiannya cuba mengelilingi pertahanan pasukan Australia di barat Gemas dan memulakan pertempuran paling sengit dalam kempen penaklukan Tanah Melayu yang bermula pada 15 Januari di persisiran Pantai Barat Semenanjung Tanah Melayu berhampiran Sungai Muar. Jepun kemudian telah menguasai tebing utama Sungai Muar. Penduduk Muar telah diarahkan oleh pihak berkuasa supaya berpindah ke kawasan pedalaman dan kampung. Serangan udara tentera Jepun ini telah dibantu pula oleh kemaraan Pasukan ke-15 tentera pejalan kaki Jepun yang diketuai oleh General Nishimura. The 5th Japanese Division which was the main force of the Japanese troops arrived and fought with the 8th Australian Division for the first time under the command of Major General Gordon Bennett. During the battle with the Australian Imperial Force at Gemas, the Japanese troops experienced their first defeat, resulting in approximately 600 casualties. The Japanese troops then attempted to surround the Australian defense in western Gemas and started the fiercest Malayan conquest campaign that started on January 15 along the West Coast of the Peninsular Malaya near the Muar river. The Japanese then seized control of the main cliff of Muar River. The people of Muar had been instructed by the authorities to relocate to rural areas and villages. The air attack of the Japanese troops was also assisted by the advance of the 15th Japanese infantry led by General Nishimura. 16 Januari 1942 Jepun berjaya menguasai tebing Sungai Muar sepenuhnya. Dengan menggunakan jambatan yang dibina di atas perahu, pasukan tentera dan kereta kebal tentera Jepun kemudiannya menyeberangi Sungai Muar. The Japanese troops gained complete control over the banks of the Muar river. Using a specially constructed boat bridge, Japanese infantry and tanks then crossed the Muar River. British directed the 2/19 and 2/29 Battalion to counterattack. The operation failed because the Japanese troops had ambushed them before they could begin. Led by Lieutenant Colonel Anderson, Indian troops retreated and supported by Australia troops, then they formed the Muar Force and fought intensely for four days. When the Muar Force reached the Parit Sulong bridge and Anderson found it in enemy hands, with the number of death and injury increased, he directed everyone to "save themselves". 17 - 18 Januari 1942 Pihak British mengarah Batalion 2/19 dan 2/29 untuk menyerang balas. Operasi tersebut menemui kegagalan apabila tentera Jepun telah melakukan serang hendap sebelum ianya bermula. Diketuai oleh Leftenan Kolonel Anderson, tentera India terpaksa berundur dan dibantu oleh tentera Australia lalu membentuk Pasukan Muar (Muar Force). Mereka telah bertempur sengit selama empat hari. Apabila Pasukan Muar sampai ke jambatan di Parit Sulong, Anderson mendapati ia telah berada di tangan musuh, dengan jumlah anggotanya yang mati dan tercedera kian meningkat, beliau telah mengarahkan setiap orang cuba untuk “menyelamatkan diri masing-masing”. 61 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
Lukisan asli Pertempuran di Parit Sulong yang dipamerkan di Australian War Memorial, Australia. Original paintings depicting The Battle of Parit Sulong displayed in Australian War Memorial, Australia. 62 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
Di Bakri, pada 17 Januari 1942, saki-baki tentera Briged ke-45, British India bersama dua Batalion Infantri Australia dari 2/19 dan 2/29 yang dihantar sebagai pasukan bantuan telah diasak ketika mereka cuba menyerang balas untuk menawan Muar oleh tentera Jepun yang lebih ramai bilangannya. Pihak British dan Australia terpaksa berundur dan bertahan di dua kawasan berhampiran persimpangan Bakri. Pertempuran sengit berlaku dan mereka bertempur dengan pasukan tentera Jepun daripada Imperial Guards yang dipimpin oleh Jeneral Nishimura. Dalam pertempuran ini yang lebih dikenali sebagai Pertempuran Bakri, tentera Australia berjaya memusnahkan sembilan buah kereta kebal tentera Jepun di bawah arahan Kapten Shigeo Gotanda. Serangan berterusan dan pihak Jepun berjaya menyelinap di antara dua batalion tersebut menyebabkan kedudukan tentera Australia terancam. At Bakri, 17 January 1942, the remnants of the 45th Brigade, British India along with two Australian Infantry Battalions from the 2/19th and 2/29th sent as a relief force were pushed back by the outnumbered Japanese when they attempted to retaliate at Muar. The British and Australians had to retreat and defend in two areas near the Bakri junction. A fierce battle ensued and they clashed with Japanese forces from the Imperial Guards led by General Nishimura. In this battle, which was known as the Battle of Bakri, the Australian troops destroyed nine Japanese tanks under the command of Captain Shigeo Gotanda. The attack continued and the Japanese managed to infiltrate between the two battalions causing the position of the Australian army to be threatened. After Brigadier Duncan was killed, Lieutenant Colonel Charles Anderson took over the leadership of the remaining Australian troops and the 45th Brigade and ordered a retreat from the Bakri-Parit Sulong road to Yong Peng on 20 January 1942. However, their retreating column encountered several roadblocks built by Japanese soldiers who managed to infiltrate from the rear of the British/Australian army’s retreat route in Bakri. A contingent of Japanese soldiers from the Imperial Guards entered the British rear by sea. Their retreat route was also attacked and bombed by Japanese bombers, artillery and mortars. Casualties and injuries suffered by Anderson's retreating column began to mount and a significant amount of their equipment was destroyed. Many wounded Allied soldiers were transported using trucks during the retreat. Apabila Brigadier Duncan terkorban, Leftenan Kolonel Charles Anderson mengambil alih kepimpinan saki-baki tentera Australia dan Briged ke-45 seterusnya mengarahkan pengunduran dari jalan BakriParit Sulong ke Yong Peng pada 20 Januari 1942. Namun begitu, pengunduran mereka disekat kerana beberapa sekatan jalan telah dibina oleh tentera Jepun yang berjaya menyusup dari arah belakang laluan pengunduran tentera British/Australia ini di Bakri. Sebahagian kumpulan kecil tentera Jepun daripada Imperial Guards memasuki kawasan belakang British melalui laluan laut. Laluan pengunduran mereka juga diserang dan dibom oleh pesawat pengebom Jepun, meriam artileri dan mortar. Korban dan kecederaan yang dialami oleh pasukan tentera Anderson yang sedang berundur ketika itu mula meningkat dan banyak peralatan mereka musnah. Sejumlah besar tentera Berikat yang cedera ditempatkan di dalam trak semasa pengunduran tersebut. PERTEMPURAN DI PARIT SULONG THE BATTLE OF PARIT SULONG Leftenan Kolonel Charles Anderson, Batalion Infantri 2/19. Lieutenant Colonel Charles Anderson, 2/19 Infantry Battalions. 63 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
64 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
Mereka mengambil masa dua hari untuk tiba di Parit Sulong dan mendapati kawasan jambatan Parit Sulong yang merentasi Sungai Simpang Kiri sudah ditawan oleh tentera Jepun yang membina sekatan jalan di situ pada awal pagi 21 Januari 1942. Beberapa siri serangan balas dilakukan untuk memecahkan sekatan jalan ini, namun ia gagal. Kedudukan pertahanan mereka di kawasan utara Jambatan Parit Sulong juga diserang oleh kemaraan kereta kebal Jepun dan pesawat pengebom Jepun. It took them two days to arrive at Parit Sulong, only to discover that the Parit Sulong bridge spanning the Simpang Kiri River had already been seized by Japanese soldiers who built a roadblock there in the early morning of January 21, 1942. A series of counter attacks were carried out to break through this roadblock but it was unsuccessful. Their defensive position in the northen area of the Parit Sulong Bridge also faced relentless attacks by the advance of Japanese tanks and bombers. Efforts to provide assistance from Yong Peng to rescue Anderson's besieged forces in Parit Sulong also proved unsuccessful when the 6th Norfolk Battalion and 3/16 Punjab Regiment were attacked by Japanese troops at Bukit Pelandok causing them to retreat to Yong Peng again. Meanwhile, the position of Anderson's team was crushed by injuries, deaths and shortage of food, medicine and weapons. The Malayan Volunteer Air Force (MVAF) and the Royal Air Force (RAF) were mobilized to conduct air operations and drop essential supplies to aid their situation. Bantuan dari Yong Peng untuk menyelamatkan pasukan Anderson yang terkepung di Parit Sulong juga gagal apabila Batalion ke-6 Norfolk dan Rejimen Punjab 3/16 diserang oleh tentera Jepun di Bukit Pelandok menyebabkan mereka terpaksa berundur ke Yong Peng semula. Pada masa yang sama juga, kedudukan pasukan Anderson terhimpit dengan kecederaan, kematian dan kekurangan bekalan makanan, ubatubatan dan senjata. Malayan Volunteer Air Force (MVAF ) dan Royal Air Force (RAF) digerak atur bagi operasi menggugurkan bantuan bekalan yang diperlukan dari udara. Kereta kebal Jepun yang telah dibom oleh tentera Australia. Japanese tanks that were bombed by the Australian army. Jambatan lama Parit Sulong. The old Parit Sulong Bridge. Jambatan Parit Sulong kini. The current Parit Sulong Bridge. 65 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
Pada jam 9 pagi, 22 Januari 1942, Anderson menyedari bahawa harapan semakin tipis. Beliau telah mengarahkan anggota pasukannya yang masih berkemampuan untuk bergerak melalui jalan hutan untuk ke Yong Peng serta memusnahkan saki-baki kelengkapan perang termasuk meriam anti-kereta kebal, trak dan 'bren carrier'. Mereka yang cedera parah terdiri daripada 110 orang tentera Australia dan 35 orang tentera berbangsa India telah ditinggalkan dalam trak di jambatan bersama perlindungan Bendera Palang Merah dengan harapan agar mereka mendapat ehsan daripada tentera Jepun untuk mendapatkan rawatan. Namun begitu, kesemua mereka yang ditinggalkan telah menerima layanan buruk daripada tentera Jepun. Mereka diperlakukan dengan kejam, dipukul, diikat, tidak diberikan sebarang bantuan perubatan dan air lalu dikumpulkan dalam satu kawasan kecil di berek lama JKR berhampiran jambatan Parit Sulong sebelum dibunuh kejam. Hanya tiga orang anggota tentera terselamat daripada pembunuhan kejam ini. Pertempuran epik yang diperjuangkan oleh Anderson dan pasukannya bersama Briged ke-45 British India dalam pertempuran Muar, Bakri dan Parit Sulong adalah salah satu pertempuran yang paling getir dan kurang diketahui dalam Perang Dunia Kedua di Malaya. Leftenan Kolonel Charles Anderson dianugerahkan pingat Victoria Cross, iaitu penghormatan tertinggi yang dberikan kepada mana-mana anggota tentera berikat berdasarkan kepimpinan dan keberanian. At 9 o’clock in the morning on January 22, 1942, Anderson realized that hope was diminishing. He then ordered the remaining able-bodied team members to go through the forest road to Yong Peng and destroyed the remnants of war equipment including anti-tank guns, trucks and bren carriers. 110 wounded Australian soldiers and 35 Indian soldiers were left in a truck convoy on the bridge under the protection of the Red Cross Flag, hoping to receive the courtesy of the Japanese army for treatment. However, those left behind were treated badly by the Japanese army. They were treated cruelly, beaten, tied up, and not given any medical help and water. Eventually, they were confined to a small area in the old JKR barracks near Parit Sulong Bridge before being brutally killed. Only three soldiers managed to survive this brutal murder. The epic battle led by Anderson and his team with the 45th British Indian Brigade in Muar, Bakri and Parit Sulong was one of the most bitter and unknown battles of the Second World War in Malaya. Lieutenant Colonel Charles Anderson received the Victoria Cross medal, the highest honour bestowed upon any member of the allied forces in the Malaya for his leadership and bravery. EPISOD HITAM “PARIT SULONG MASSACRE” DARK EPISODE: PARIT SULONG MASSACRE 66 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
Pergerakan tahanan Australia dan India ke medan pembunuhan beramai-ramai iaitu ke belakang berek JKR Parit Sulong. The movement of Australian and Indian prisoners to the massacre field which was behind the Parit Sulong JKR Barracks. (Sumber/Source: The Bridge at Parit Sulong : An Investigation of Mass Murder Malaya 1942, Lynette Ramsay Silver, 2004) Kempen baik pulih bangunan berek JKR bermula sejak tahun 1996 daripada keadaan yang sangat usang. The JKR barracks renovation campaign began in 1996 from a very dilapidated condition. (Sumber/Source: https://lynettesilver.com.investigations /parit-sulong-west-malaysia/ dan Galeri Parit Sulong) 67 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
Leftenan Ben Hackney, Batalion Infantri Australia dari 2/29, salah seorang tahanan yang terselamat daripada pembunuhan beramai-ramai. Lieutenant Ben Hackney, Australian Infantry Battalion of the 2/29th, one of the prisoners who survived the massacre. Gambar sebenar semasa berlakunya Episod Hitam di Parit Sulong. Real pictures during the occurrence of the Dark Episode in Parit Sulong. 68 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
Pada 13 September 1944, Encik Abdullah Hamish menulis tulisan Jepun ini. Tulisan Jepun ini telah ditemui di dinding Galeri Parit Sulong pada tahun 2020 oleh pekerja yang membaiki bangunan galeri tersebut. Terdapat juga kesan pistol di dinding galeri. Kesan di pistol tersebut tidak lagi dapat dilihat selepas kerja membaiki dan mengecat dinding dijalankan. Bagaimanapun, bahagian pada tulisan Jepun itu tidak dicat dan ianya masih kekal di situ. On 13th September 1944, Mr. Abdullah Hamish wrote this Japanese text. This Japanese writing was inscribed onthe walls of the Parit Sulong Gallery in 2020. The workers who renovated the gallery building came acrossthe writing. There are also visible gunshot marks found on the gallery walls. The workers proceeded to paint over the areas with gunshot marks, making them no longer visible. However, a part of the Japanese writing was not painted over and still remains on the wall. On September 9, 1944, ABDULLAH HAMISH (I) went to Parit Sulong because my brother died in the war. In war, we all sacrifice the same thing. I hope this war will end soon. Pada 9 September 1944, ABDULLAH HAMISH (saya) telah pergi ke Parit Sulong kerana abang saya meninggal dunia dalam peperangan. Dalam peperangan, kita semua berkorban hal yang sama. Saya harap peperangan ini akan segera tamat. TULISAN JEPUN DI DINDING GALERI PARIT SULONG JAPANESE WRITING ON THE WALL OF PARIT SULONG GALLERY Terjemahan / Translation PEGAWAI POLIS (JUNSA) 629 IBRAHIM / POLICE OFFICER (JUNSA) 629 IBRAHIM 13 September 1944 69 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
Harapan ABDULLAH HAMISH... / Syarikat Castem Co. Ltd. Jepun telah membentuk kertas kecil burung jenjang menggunakan teknologi tuangan ketetapan logam pada akhir hayat Sadako (seorang gadis berusia 12 tahun, meninggal dunia akibat leukemia 10 tahun selepas terdedah oleh bom atom) supaya mereka dapat menyampaikan mesej keamanan kepada semua. Castem Co. Ltd, Japan has formed a small paper crane using metal precision casting technology at the end of Sadako's life (a 12 years old girl, died of leukaemia 10 years after being exposed by the atomic bomb) so that they could convey the message of peace to all. Monumen Perdamaian Kanak-Kanak di Hiroshima bagi mengenang ribuan kanakkanak yang terkorban akibat serangan bom atom. Children‘s Peace Monument at Hiroshima to remember thethousands of children who diedas result of the atomic bombing. Origami burung jenjang (paper crane) adalah simbol keamanan. The Thousand Paper Crane is a symbol of peace. ABDULLAH HAMISH's Hope… 70 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
Carian tentang PEGAWAI POLIS (JUNSA) 629 IBRAHIM di Muzium Polis Diraja Malaysia… Searching for POLICE OFFICER (JUNSA) 629 IBRAHIM at The Royal Malaysian Police Museum … Pegawai Polis Yang Bertugas Dalam 3 Era / Police Officers on Duty in 3 Eras Pangkat dalam Keanggotaan Polis (Julai 1942 hingga Ogos 1945) Ranking from the Police Force (July 1942 to August 1945) Keisatsu kyoku cho (Ketua Pejabat Polis) / Keibu (Inspektor) / Keibu Ho (Sub. Inspektor) / Junsa Bucho (Sarjan Mejar) / Junsa Kelas I (Sarjan dan Lans Sarjan) / Junsa Kelas II (Koperal dan Lans Koperal) / Junsa Kelas III (Mata-Mata Kelas I dan II) / Kyoushuusei (Rekrut) / Tiga Cawangan Polis / Keimu ka - Latihan polis, hal-ehwal polis, disiplin, kewangan dan lain-lain. Police training, police affairs, discipline, finance and others. Hoan ka - Kenaikan pangkat, papan tanda, peraturan jalan raya, senjata api, letupan dan kawalan kemudahan ekonomi. Promotion, signs, road rules, firearms, explosion and control ofeconomic facilities. Tokkou ka - Siasatan rahsia dalam gerakan menentang pemerintahan Jepun dan membuat huru-hara. A secret investigation into the movement against Japanese ruleand make a mess. Haji Salleh bin Haji Abdul Hamid, Keibu Ho Haji Aris bin Musa, Junsa Bucho Pameran di Muzium Polis Diraja Malaysia. Exhibition at the Royal Malaysian police museum. Pameran di Muzium Polis Diraja Malaysia. Exhibition at the Royal Malaysian police museum. 71 (Chief of Police Office) (Inspector) (Sub. Inspector) (Sergeant and Lance Sergeant) (Corporal and Lance Corporal) (Spies Class I and II) (Recruit) (Sergeant Major) Three Police Branches Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
Setelah tamat Perang Dunia Kedua dan selesai Kerjasama British dan Malaysia, era keganasan pengganas komunis di Malaysia turut berakhir, namun Parit Sulong tidak pernah sunyi menerima kunjungan orang luar khususnya dari Australia. Mereka yang datang adalah dalam kalangan pengkaji sejarah, veteran perang, waris veteran perang yang ahli keluarga mereka pernah terlibat dalam peperangan di sini, pelajar kolej tentera, tentera Australia yang berkhidmat di Butterworth dan Singapura, pelancong dan orang awam. Walaupun saki-baki peninggalan perang telah tiada, pada 2007, pihak kerajaan Australia dengan kebenaran kerajaan Malaysia telah mendirikan sebuah tugu peringatan perang di tepi sungai sebagai tanda pernah terjadi peperangan sengit antara tentera Australia dan tentera Jepun yang mengorbankan banyak nyawa. Ia merupakan sebahagian daripada inisiatif Department of Veteran’s Affairs Australia bagi menghargai pengorbanan tenteranya yang berjuang di luar negara. After the end of the Second World War and the cooperation between Britain and Malaysia, the era of communist terrorist violence in Malaysia also ended, but Parit Sulong continues to receive visitors from various places, especially from Australia. The visitors to Parit Sulong include historians, war veterans, descendants of war veterans, family members of those involved in the fighting here, military college students, Australian soldiers serving in Butterworth and Singapore, tourists, and the general public. Although the remnants of the war have faded over time, in 2007, the Australian government, with the permission of the Malaysian government, erected a war memorial by the river banks to commemorate the intense battle between the Australian and Japanese armies, which claimed many lives. This initiative by the Australian Department of Veterans' Affairs aims to honor the sacrifices of its soldiers who fought overseas. AKTIVITI AUSTRALIA-PARIT SULONG AUSTRALIA-PARIT SULONG ACTIVITIES Buku-Buku Yang Ditulis oleh Pengkaji Sejarah Australia / Lynette Ramsay Silver The Bridge at Parit Sulong: An Investigation of Mass Murder Malaya 1942 Edisi Pertama 2004 / Gilbert Mant Massacre at Parit Sulong Edisi Pertama 1995 / WO2 Paul Knapp & LTCOL Ross Cable Battlefield Study Guide: Malaya Campaign 1941-1942 Edisi Kedua 2021 / Books Writtenby Australian Historians First Edition 1995 72 First Edition 2004 Second Edition 2021 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
49 Tugu ini dibina pada 4 September 2007 bagi memperingati pengorbanan askar yang terkorban semasa Pertempuran Parit Sulong. This monument was erected on September 4, 2007, to commemorate the sacrifice of those who lost their lives during The Battle of Parit Sulong. 73 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
Australian War Memorial at Canberra, Australia Australian War Memorial di Canberra, Australia Antara aktiviti yang telah dijalankan oleh para penyelidik dari Australia di Parit Sulong. Among the activities that have been carried out by researchers from Australia in Parit Sulong. Mempamerkan satu ruang pameran khas mengenai Battle of Muar yang berakhir di Parit Sulong dalam siri Peperangan Dunia Kedua di Asia Pasifik. Setiap kali pergi ke Parit Sulong, mereka akan singgah ke Galeri Parit Sulong untuk mendapatkan sumber rujukan di tapak sebenar peperangan. Showcasing a special exhibition space on The Battle of Muar, which culminated at Parit Sulong during the Second World War in the Asia Pacific series, is one of the activities conducted by the researchers from Australia. Every time they visit Parit Sulong, they make a point to stop by the Parit Sulong Gallery to gather reference sources about the actual war site. Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong 74
Dahulu / PARIT SULONG DAHULU DAN SEKARANG PAST AND CURRENT OF PARIT SULONG 75 Past Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
Sekarang / Current 76 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
Sejarah Parit Sulong merupakan antara yang penting dalam negeri Johor. Parit Sulong merupakan sebuah kawasan perkampungan yang dibuka oleh Sulong bin Gantang. Beliau merupakan keturunan Laksamana Bentan pada zaman kerajaan Johor purba. Parit Sulong mempunyai kedudukan yang strategik dari segi ekonomi dan juga geografi. Kedudukan Parit Sulong di tepi sungai menjadi tempat persinggahan bagi pekerja lombong besi di Sri Medan yang dibuka oleh Jepun. Di samping itu, Jambatan Parit Sulong merupakan laluan utama dari Johor Bahru ke Kuala Lumpur pada masa itu. Parit Sulong merupakan lokasi terakhir di Tanah Melayu bagi "Battle of Muar" semasa Perang Dunia Kedua. Pertempuran sengit dari Bakri hingga ke Jambatan Parit Sulong sebelum berakhir di Singapura. Semasa pertempuran ini, seramai 145 orang tentera Australia dan tentera berikat telah diseksa dan dibunuh kejam pada 22 dan 23 Januari 1942. Selain daripada sejarah "Battle of Muar", Pekan Parit Sulong merupakan kawasan penting iaitu sebagai kawasan penempatan perlindungan daripada ancaman komunis dalam Rancangan Briggs. The history of Parit Sulong holds great significance in the history of the state of Johor. The village was established by Sulong Gantang, who was a descendant of Admiral Bentan during the ancient Johor kingdom. Strategic position of Parit Sulong, both in terms of economy and geography, cannot be overlooked. Its location by the river made it a vital stopover for the iron mine workers in Sri Medan, which was operated by the Japanese. Additionally, the Parit Sulong Bridge served as a crucial route connecting Johor Bahru to Kuala Lumpur during that period. Notably, Parit Sulong was the final battleground in Malaya during the Battle of Muar in the Second World War. Intense fighting occurred from Bakri to the Parit Sulong Bridge, ultimately culminating in Singapore. During this fierce battle, a total of 145 Australian and allied soldiers were subjected to torture and brutally murdered on 22 and 23 January 1942. Apart from its association with the Battle of Muar, Pekan Parit Sulong played a significant role as a protected area against the communist threat under the Briggs Plan. RINGKASAN SEJARAH PARIT SULONG SUMMARY OF THE HISTORY OF PARIT SULONG 77 Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong
Sejarah Pertempuran di Parit Sulong / The History of The Battle of Parit Sulong Galeri Parit Sulong Parit Sulong Gallery 78
PENGHARGAAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Galeri Parit Sulong Taman Botani Johor Warisan Alam Pengerang Resources Arkib Negara Malaysia Arkib Negara Malaysia Cawangan Johor Jabatan Muzium Malaysia Yayasan Warisan Johor Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia Kawasan Batu Pahat Jawatankuasa Kawasan Rukun Tetangga (KRT) Sri Medan Batu Pahat Rikkyo Universiti Pusat Bahasa Teikyo Universiti Malaya Penerbit UTHM Tn. Hj. Kamaluddin bin Abdullah En. Hairul Azhar bin Sulaiman En. Halidan bin Ithnin En. Zulizwan bin Mohd Sukor Prof. Ts. Dr. Seow Ta Wee Dr. Indera Syahrul bin Mat Radzuan En. Mohd Akmal bin Rohiat Pn. Suhaini binti Mohd Gazi En. Mohd Noor Hasman bin Mohd Tumari Pn. Nurul Elmy binti Mohamed Yusof En. Ahmad Faisal bin Ishak En. Mohd Iqbal bin Zainal Abidin Pn. Noraslina binti Sailan En. Amizan bin Masri En. Abdul Razak bin Bachok Pn. Nordiana binti Zaidi dan semua yang terlibat dalam Projek RICHER dan penerbitan buku ini sama ada secara langsung atau tidak langsung... 79
CATATAN NOTES 80
Jejak Sejarah HISTORICAL TRACES OF