NORTH & WEST ASIA 99
E F GH
R U S S I A N F E D E R A T I O N 93
The Spitak earthquake struck Armenia
in 1988, killing at least 25,000 people 1
2
C and devastating the country’s infrastructure. 3
4
Gagra a u c a s uEnguri Caspian 5
K’ut’aisi Sea
Sokhumi
GEORGIA
Och’amch’ire
P’ot’i s
Bat’umi T'BILISI Rust’avi Quba
Hopa Vanadzor Ku ra Mingäçevir Sumqayıt 104
BAKU
Trabzon Rize Daêlari Gäncä
Doêu Karadeniz Länkäran
Gyumri ARMENIA A Z E R B A I J A N
Sevana Lich Nagorno-
Kars
Erzurum Aras YEREVAN Karabakh
Xankändi
Erzincan Büyükaêri Daêi Ar as
(Mount Ararat)
16,853ft (5137m) Naxçıvan
EY AZERBAIJAN
Van
Elazig Tig Mu∞ Gölü Van Azerbaijan has substantial oil reserves
Malatya Güney DoguSiTirotroslar located in and around the Caspian Sea.
ris They were some of the earliest oilfields
in the world to be exploited.
Diyarbakır Batman Kurdistan
Adıyaman
Mardin IRAN
flanliurfa The salty water of Lake Van inhibits all animal 102
life except the Pearl Mullet, a small fish that
has adapted to the harsh conditions.
Atatürk Dam, one of the largest dams in the world, was completed in 1990.
The reservoir behind the dam covers an area of 315 sq miles (816 sq km)
and often requires interruptions in the flow of the Euphrates River
to maintain water levels.
SYRIA 0 km 200
0 miles
IRAQ 200
102
E F GH
AB CDE
98 99 100 NORTH & WEST ASIA
0 km 100 The Euphrates is 1700 miles (2470 km) long and drainsThe Near East1
1 100 an area of 171,000 sq mi (443,000 sq km). Although
less than 30 percent of the river's drainage basin is in ris
0 miles Turkey, about 95 percent of the river's water originates
in the Turkish highlands. J
Al Tig
TURKEY Al Qámishlí
Lebanon has only one permanent river,
the Nahr el Litani, which runs
for 110 miles (175 km).
2 87 Al Íasaksh 102 2
A‘záz
Íalab Buíayrat Ar Raqqah a
al-Asad zír a h
Idlib
Dayr az Zawr
Sea Orantes Euphr
Al Ládhiqíyah SYRIA ates 3
3 Íamáh
CYPRUS
Tar√ús
Mediterranean Íim∞ Tudmur
LitaniTripoli IRAQ
Anti-LebanonLEBANON Manufactured by a secret process,
Damascus steel was much prized
Baalbek in the preindustrial era as an
extremely hard metal used for high
4 BEIRUT Zahlé quality sword blades. 4
Saïda
Golan Soûr DAMASCUS Syrian
Heights
Al Qunay√irah
Lake As Suwaydá’ Desert
Hefa Tiberias
Natzrat Dar‘á
WEST Jordan Irbid The shores of the Dead Sea are
the lowest land on the Earth’s
5 BANK Petah Al Mafraq surface, at 1371 ft (418 m) below 5
Tikva sea level. The water within the 6
Tel Aviv-Yafo Az Zarqá’ lake is eight to nine times saltier 7
Holon than ocean water. 8
As Sal√ AMMAN
Jericho
Bethlehem JERUSALEM
Dead
Gaza ISRAEL Sea
GAZA STRIP
JORDAN West Bank
(under Al Karak 0 km 20
Palestinian Be’er Sheva
administration) 0 miles 20
6 A√ ◊alfílah Jenín
HaNegev Qabátiya
Wádí Músá (Petra) Túlkarm
Qalqílya
NORTH & WEST ASIA 101Náblus
JordanMa‘án
of Suez Mas-h. a Jiftlik
Post
Khirbet el
Ramallah 'Aujá et
Tah. tá
ISRAEL Nu'eima Jericho
54 Elat JORDAN
Al ‘Aqabah JERUSALEM
7 Every day 7 million Bethlehem 102
tons (tonnes) of water
evaporates from The ancient city of Petra was carved Hebron Dead
the Dead Sea. from solid rock by the Nabatean Sea
people in about 400 BCE. It remained
EGYPT Gulf of Aqaba largely unknown until a Swiss Major settlement
explorer, J. L. Burckhardt, heard of Israeli settlement
Gulf its whereabouts from the local Area under Palestinian administration
Bedouins in 1812.
8 SAUDI ARABIA
Red Sea
102 102
AB CDE
AB CDE
93 96 102 NORTH & WEST ASIA
0 km 400 The Middle East
1 UKRAINE RUSSIAN 0 miles 400 1
F E D E R AT I O N
K A Z A K H S TA N
Sea of In the 10th century, the Grand Vizier of Persia took his Aral
Azov entire library with him wherever he went. The 117,000 Sea
volume library was carried by camels trained to
walk in alphabetical order.
98 Black Sea Cauca Caspian Seas U ZBEKISTAN
GEORGIA AR u
2 Four thousand years ago Babylonian law s 104 2
laid down a minimum wage for every
class of workers in the kingdom. MENIAAZERBAIJAN T U R K M E N I S TA N
TURKEY
Anatolia AZ.
Khvoy
Tabríz Ardabíl
Tigris Marágheh
Al Maw§il Arbíl
(Mosul)
JOR Zanján Rasht Sárí Gorgán Mashhad
l Bá√inÁmol
CYPRUS Sabzevár Neyshábúr
HA N I S TA NQazvín
I R A N3 SYRIA AFG 3
KaRtiKhrkeúrAmk áQnsShaánhandaAjrHáakmadánQToKEmáHsRhÁDáanNsht-e 4
LEBANON I Kavír
Buíayrat
Tharthár
ISRAEL BAGHDÁD
DAN Dezfúl K u(hZahgros Yazd
An Najaf Eu ÁAbhádváánzMáou-Enyt§aeifnaZs)há gárno
phrates Iranian
4 Sakákah Plateau Kermán PA
Al Ba§rah s Záhedán
Al Jawf Nafúd KUWAIT
Tabúk (Basra) CITY Khásh
Jabal ash An Shiráz KISTAN
Shifá Íá’il Wádí a KUWAIT P erGsiualf Bandar-e Búshehr Hámún-e
n Bandar-e Jaz Múríán
‘Abbás
Buraydah Rimah A MANAMA BAHRAIN
QATAR Dubayy
A r a Wádí ar Da hná’ Ash Sháriqah Oman
d Tropic of
Red Al Hufúf DOHA Gulf of Cancer
fluíár
EGYPT b RIYADH
5 Al Madínah i Íaraç ABU DHABI 5
a n MUSCAT
(Medina) UNITED ARAB Ar Rustáq
Makkah P EMIRATES Nazwá Ramlat flúr
(Mecca) Laylá eninsula Ál Wahíbah
ERITREAJiddah Jazírat
Ma§írah
A(Jedda)
N
A√ ◊á’if S A U D I A R A B I A
Sea As Sulayyil hálí Khalíj
ter) Duqm Ma§írah
SUDAN Abhá A r Rub‘ al K
( Empty Qu ar Sanáw M
6 Jízán
Najrán O flawqirah 6
Wuday‘ah Juzur al Íaláníyát
Jazá’ir fla‘dah N flalálah A r a b i a n
Farasán Say’ún Sea
Al Hudaydah ESANA wt
MR a ml at y n r a m a Sayíút Saudi Arabia contains the world’s
Ta‘izz Y Eas Sab ‘at largest oil reserves. The region
a Ía ç can produce around 11 million
barrels of oil every day.
Al Mukallá Suqutrá
122
‘Adan Gulf of Aden (Socotra)
(to Yemen)
7 55 7
DJIBOUTI NORTH & WEST ASIA 103
The name “Red Sea” is probably INDIAN
derived from the extensive blooms OCEAN
of algae that occasionally occur.
These change pigment when they die,
turning the sea’s normally intense
blue-green waters a deep red.
8 ETHIOPIA Every Muslim must make at least one pilgrimage to Mecca during his or her 8
lifetime. Muslims regard the small shrine called the Ka’bah, located near
the center of the Great Mosque in Mecca, as the most sacred place on Earth.
55 S O M A L I A 122
AB CDE
104 NORTH & WEST ASIA C D
Central Asia
AB
96 Aral
Sea
KAZAKHSTAN
1d
Since 1960, the Aral Sea has shrunk Ustyurt Lowlan
by 90 percent, becoming extremely Plateau
saline and consequently losing all
but one of its once-abundant Nukus
fish species.
UZBEKISTAN
Köneürgenç
Da§oguz Urganch Uchquduq
Turan To‘rtko‘l Zarafshon
Aydarko'l
2 99 Türkmenba§y
Hazar Ko'li
Balkanabat
Bereket TURKMENISTAN Buxoro Navoiy
Baharly G a r a g u m
Caspian Serdar Seÿdi
Sea
Samarqand
Gökdepe Türkmenabat Qarshi
Amu D
Abadan Saÿat arya
Baÿramaly
AflGABAT Garagum Mary
naly
3 Kaka K a Atamyrat
Tejen
Murgap Áqchah
The desert of Kara Kum (Garagum) occupies Sheberghán
over 70 percent of Turkmenistan, severely limiting
human settlement across much of the country. Mazár-e Sharíf
Meymaneh
Bálá Morgháb
Serhetabat Daryá-ye Morgh áb
IRAN Herát Ha rírúd
4 102
The Kara Kum (Garagum) Canal, the world’s AFGHANISTAN
longest irrigation canal, stretches some 850 miles
(1375 km) and is known as the “River of Life,” Faráh
since it irrigates large areas of arid land.
Gereshk Kalát
w
Zaranj Dasht-e-Márgo Kandahár
5 0 km 200
ryá-ye Helmand
0 miles 200 Da
102
A B CD
NORTH & WEST ASIA 105
E FG H
97 1
KAZAKHSTAN
BISHKEK Tyup
Kara-Balta
Tokmak Ozero Karakol
Issyk- n
Talas Kul’ h a
n
TASHKENT Chirchiq KYRGYZSTAN T i e S
Namangan Naryn l - Tau 108 2
kshaa
Dzhalal-Abad
Olmaliq Angren Andijon
Qo‘qon K o
Osh
Ûroteppa Khûjand Farg‘ona
The “Epic of Manas” is a verbally transmitted
Sulyukta Khaydarkan poem of close to 500,000 lines that tells the
story of Kyrgyz hero Manas and his
Zeravshan Surkhob descendants and followers.
DUSHANBE
TAJIKISTAN
Norak i
Qûrghon- Danghara Bartang Pam Murghob 3
teppa Kulob
rs
C H I N ATermez
Kholm
Farkhor Khorugh
Feyzábád Pamir
Kondoz
Baghlán Kush Until recent years, people living in remote areas of
Afghanistan were immunized against smallpox by
Pol-e Hindu having dried powdered scabs from victims of the
Khomrí disease blown up their noses. This treatment was
invented by the Chinese in the 11th century, and is
Cháríkár Asadábád thought to be the oldest form of vaccination.
KABUL Jalálábád 108 4
Ghazní
Gardíz
Despite an area of 251,771 sq miles (652,090 sq km),
Afghanistan has a limited road network and no
railroads whatsoever, making access to much
of the country extremely difficult.
PAKISTAN INDIA 5
116
E F GH
106 SOUTH & EAST ASIA C D
South & East Asia
AB
Black 94 Yeni h sey Lake
Sea Irtys Uvs Nuur Baikal
1 Aral
Caspian Sea Sea Syr Darya
Lake Balkhash Altai M o u M O Hovsgol Nuur
Tien Sha n ntai ns NGOLIA
b i
A S I AIranian G o River
Plateau Shan Yellow
Hindu Kush T a kla Mak a n l t u n
De sert A
2 94 Gulf of Kunlun Mountains
Persian G Plateau
s Him Gange
Indu
Yamuna
ulf I N D I A C H I N AOman Sutlej a l aNyEa of eko ng
BrahmaTpui tbrae t Salween M
PAKISTAN Desert s s Irrawadd angtze
AL Mount Everest 29,035ft Y(8850m)Xi Jiang
Thar P BHUTAN
RKaanchnchofh y Red
BANGLADESH River
3 Gulf of MYANMAR VIETNAM
Khambhat
Western GhatsD e c c a n t s (BURMA) LAOS
Arabian Gh Hainan
a
Sea East ern Bay of Mekong
Laccadive Islands Bengal THAILAND
(to India) CAMBODIA
Andaman Islands Tônle Sap
(to India) Andaman
4 51 Gulf of SRI LANKA Sea Gulf of
Equator Mannar Nicobar Islands Thailand
(to India)
5 MALDIVES
INDIAN MALAY
SINGAPORE
Sumatra
OCEAN
Java
123 Java
A B CD
SOUTH & EAST ASIA 107
E F GH
Amur 95
Sakhalin
n
rguA 1
nge
134 2
Ra Manchuria Hokkaido
Plain 3
Khingan Lake Khanka 0 km 1000 Equator
0 miles 134 4
Liao H Sea of 1000
e Japan JAPAN 5
GreatGreat Plain o Yalu NORTH (East Sea)
KOREA Honshu
SOUTH
KOREA
Yell ow rait
Se a Korea St
f st Chin Shikoku PACIFIC
China Ea Kyushu
a
Taiwan Strait Sea
yukyu Islands
R OCEAN
TAIWAN Northern
Marianas Is.
Luzon Strait Philippine
Sea (to US)
Paracel Islands
Luzon Guam
(disputed) (to US)
South China Micronesia
Sea PHILIPPINES
Spratly
Islands
(disputed) Palawan
Sulu Mindanao
Sea
BRUNEI Celebes Halmahera Melane s i a
Sea
SIA Bismarck Archipelago
Borneo Moluccas Solomon
Seram Islands
Pegunungan Maoke
INDONESIA
New Guinea Solomon
Celebes Sea
Sea F lore s Banda Sea
Sea Islands Coral
Lesser Sunda Arafura 124 S e a
Sea
Timor EAST TIMOR
E F GH
108 SOUTH & EAST ASIA
Western China & Mongolia
A B CD
96
R U S S I A N F E D1
The Altai Mountains provide one of the
last refuges for the endangered snow
leopard. There are thought to be only
a few thousand animals left in the wild. Hövsgöl
Nuur
K A Z A K H S T A N M O N G2
A ltai Ulaangom Uvs Nuur
Altay
The Turpan Depression is the lowest and hottest Ölgiy Hyargas Mörön
place in China. Temperatures can exceed Nuur
117˚F (47˚C) around the lake of Aydingkol Hu, M Har Us Nuur
which lies 505 ft (154 m) below sea level. Hovd H an g a yTnseNtusreuruleg
Jinsha Jiang
96 Ulungur enn
Hu
0 km 400 Karamay u t a Altay
0 miles Junggar o ns
Pendi i Bayanhongor
400 Yining Kuytun
Shihezi
G Goovï
K Y R G Y Z S TA N S h a n ÜRÜMQI Qitai Hami
Tien Turpan
Dalain Hob
3 TAJIKISTA Kashi TaTriamrHiem Korla i n Bosten Hu Xingxingxia
Lop Nur GANSU
Yengisar Bas
N KarakYecheng Shache XINJIANG UYGUR
AFGH. Z I Z H I Q U Ruoqiang Qilian Shan
(claimed Taklimakan Altun Shan
by India)
Shamo Shan Qaidam
N Golmud
Moyu Qira Qinghai Hu
oram Range P e n d i Dulan
PA K I S TA Kunlun
C H II
ndus Aksai Chin
(administered by China, claimed
1161AsT2uil.0bt3pheppob(teoauiildrsDrlgimctoiheseninpmnngfciaotlspcatrohrooiesmmnorfepekledCliuydyn/Dlbhg1abpyiyêtnoiaCpmoIapnrhenq’oduisrn.oiuclaaZalgena),atndnentdddom, af aCHshsRiG(,nSiuaahtmr1’iosqb1gyu7aIaEnBnldrPiahaah)eAm)aypLZuQXTatY(rIaaiuIT2nsn(ZMm9PZigg,0lHcorbLzaA3uoaha5tneIefanNttaQtz(Egu8ê)Gv8NUoeG5ryf0eNaismTmtoai)bamyBTeuStHaC)aiGUnloniNygTnaAgygnTuaNgCDoilLnznoaaHgêqmAtASêiNxamhnSnuaAtadgnaHInoqgnNeugQDl hBIIaaNA(APMScySrlraaaeuhaGlikdmwnanoeáHenenscdhgHhbAayYaQluCIrashhmiSnuahd)oa n
I N D I A4 N
5
A B CD
SOUTH & EAST ASIA 109
E F GH
(ErgArugnuHne) 97
Da Hinggan Ling
E R AT I O N Genhe The name Gobi Desert is derived
Selenga Onon Hulun Buir Jagdaqi from Mongolian, meaning “waterless 1
place.” Bare rock rather than sand 2
(Hailar) 3
dunes typify the cold desert landscape
Sühbaatar Manzhouli Hulun that stretches for some 500,000
Darhan sq miles (1,295,000 sq km).
Nur
HEILONGJIANG
Erdenet ULAN BATOR Menengiyn
Bulgan Öndörhaan Tal
K e r u l e nBaruun-Urt
O L I ASaynshand ) QU JILIN 112
oZnIgZo H
Xilinhot L I Tongliao Sea of Japan
li (East Sea)
r a
Dalandzadgad Erenhot N GO M NOR TH
LIAONING KOR EA
bAltayn Nuruu NEI M O (I nne
Chifeng a
i HOHHOT Ulan Qab
(Ulanhad)
Kore
(Jining) BEIJING Bay SOUTH
uang He Baotou TIANJIN Bo Hai KOREA
Mu Us Having started in the 7th century BCE, work on the
Shadi 3700 mile (6000 km) long Great Wall of China
continued for hundreds of years. A major renovation
Wuhai H JAPAN
(Haibowan) oGfr eCa th i nWaa l l
River)
begun in 1386 took 200 years to complete.
NINGXIA SHANXI Yellow
XINING HUIZU Huang He (Yellow JIANGSU Sea
ZIZHIQU
N The Huang He (Yellow River) has flooded more East 113 4
A China
GANSU SHAANXI than 1500 times in the last 1800 years. In 1931,
Sea
catastrophic flooding was responsible for the
deaths of 3.7 million people. The river has also ó
changed its course at least nine times. t
o
HUBEI h
ZHEJIANG -s
an)
i
p
SICHUAN Despite a population of 1.3 billion, China e
has only about 200 family names. Ja
CHONGQING ns
(to
a
N Tropic of Cancer 5
HUNAN JIANGXI
YUNNAN FUJIAN TAIWAN
GUIZHOU
111
E F GH
AB CD E
1
109 97 110 SOUTH & EAST ASIA
112 2
1 Whereas European languages such as English or French Eastern China & Korea
2 108 use an alphabet of 26 letters, the Chinese language uses
a system of over 40,000 characters or symbols.
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The “Yongle Dadian,” an encyclopedia of the Chinese Ming Amur (Heilong
dynasty, had 22,937 chapters in 11,000 volumes. More than
2000 Chinese scholars worked on the book for five years Jiang)
before it was finished. Xiao
Hinggan
Tangshan, China, suffered the deadliest earthquake of the Qiqihar Ling
20th century on July 28, 1976. One-quarter of the population
was killed or seriously injured, with an estimated death HEILONGJIANG Lake
toll of 242,000 people. Khanka
HARBIN
3 MONGOLIA CHANGCHUN Mudanjiang 3
XINJIANG Jilin
Tiananmen Square in Beijing is the largest
UYGUR
ZIZHIQU a n apurebSalicohfsq1au0a0nreaYcinIrNetshCe(H4wU0oA.N5rNld(hEI,enIccnotaMevrereOGrsMirn)eNgo.aotfGTnaWCAghnOaioSInlDYlLlahiUaaiZj)AtioIaNZznHhgIuBQaEUnIJgINHGEBETIIANJTJiIINnATzSNHaFhJIunIoSNHBHxguaDoiEsnihNaLaYnIKAnAdoONrNoeNDGaanHImaNBgalaGFBipiyacua’hJnosiSIsheLEhnIuONagnPnU’NKYLCOOÔhHSKRR’NôOaEOTGnmAHURYgEThSAjJ(AHiSaûEenNpeaanaasGo)gntf
Qili
4 4
AJInNyAaNngSHZAZaNioDbOzohNGuQaninggdaoKwaTnagejjuôn Taegu
Pusan
NINGXIA (HYueallnogwHe
LANZHOU River)
Strait
QINGHAI Handan
SHANXI
Xinxiang
G A N S U XI’AN Luoyang Xuzhou Cheju Strait Korea
ZHENGZHOU Kaifeng
Yalong Jiang Hanzhong JIAN GSU Y e l l o w Cheju-do JAPAN
HENAN Huainan
A N SHAAN Bengbu
XIZANG S I C H U XI Nanjing S e a
5 ZIZHIQU H I N AMianyang S i c h u a n HUBEI HEFEI Wuxi SHANGHAI 5
(Tibet) Pendi ANHUI Jiaxing
CHENGDU Lichuan WUHAN
C HJeinnsghadJuianagn HANGZHOU
CHONGQING Yueyang Jingdezhen Ningbo East China
Jinhua Sea
Leshan Zigong CHONGQING
ZHEJIANG
g NANCHANG
(YhaannggtzJei)an
Jiang CHANGSHA Fuzhou Shangrao Wenzhou Okinawa ó
Sh
GUIZHOU t
)
C Guiyang
HUNAN o
KUNMING n
an JIANGXI (China and Taiwan sh
Sal FUZHOU claim all of each apa
Hengyang other's territory)
-
GUANGDONG J
Shantou FUJIAN i
of
M w Xiamen s e
( Taiwan Strait n ( tpa r
Y W TAIPEI N a
B een
6 6
A u GUANGXI Liuzhou T’aichung Tropic of Cancer
U ZHUANGZU
YUNNAN
RNMMAA l ZIZHIQU
iMa enkogngS T’ainan
Dongguan
R NANNING GUANGZHOU Kaohsiung TAIWAN
)
Red River
h
a Macao HONG KONG PACIFIC
(Xianggang)
n (Aomen)
LAOS Hainan Dao Lu z o n St rait
name
7 118 The Giant Bamboo is the HAINAN Li is the family O CE A N
fastest growing plant in ng
the world, able to grow at G for over 87 million
the rate of 3 ft (90 cm) a day.
u people in China. 134 7
THAILAND
l Paracel
f
of Islands SOUTH & EAST ASIA 111
V
ITEo nTg kNi (disputed by China,
Taiwan and Vietnam) PHILIPPINES
A South China
M Sea
By far the biggest tidal bore in the world occurs
8 0 km CAMBODIA Spratly Islands on the Qiantang River in China. At spring tides 8
0 miles the wave attains a height of up to 30 ft (9 m)
400 (disputed by China, and a speed of 25 mph (40 km/h).
400 Malaysia, Philippines,
Taiwan and Vietnam)
118 121
AB CDE
AB CDE
97 97 112 SOUTH & EAST ASIA
1
Kurile Islands Japan
CHINA (administered by the
Russian Federation,
2 110 claimed by Japan)
NORTH KOREA Ostrov 1
RUSSIAN FEDERATION Sakhalin 2
La Perouse Strait Sea of Ostrov
Wakkanai Okhotsk Iturup
Ostrov
Rebun-tó Ostrov Shikotan
Kunashir
Rishiri-tó
Abashiri
Asahikawa Kitami
Nemuro 134
Sapporo Kushiro
Otaru Obihiro
Tomakomai Hokkaidó
Okushiri-tó Hakodate
At 33.4 miles (53.8 km), 14.3 miles (23.3 km)
of which lie under the Tsugaru Strait, the Seikan
Tunnel is currently the longest tunnel in the Aomori Hachinohe
world. Construction began in 1964 and took
3 3
4
24 years to complete.
Morioka
Sea of Japan Akita Honshú
(East Sea) JAPAN
The Toyota Motor Corporation was first established in Sendai
1937 as a spin-off from Toyoda Automatic Loom Sado Niigata
4 Works. The company now produces 8.5 million Fukushima
cars a year, equivalent to one every 3.7 seconds. Shinano-gawa Kóriyama
Liancourt Rocks Iwaki
(under South
Korean control) Toyama Nagano Hitachi
Kanazawa Mito
Oki-shotó Fukui Kawasaki TÓKYO
Biwa-ko Chiba
SOUTH Tottori
KOREA Matsue Nagoya Yokohama
5 Ryúkyú-ret Kóbe Kyóto Okazaki The same family has occupied the 5
Ósaka Imperial Throne of Japan for the 6
StraitHamada Okayama Hamamatsu last 1300 years. The present-day 7
KorTeasushimaHiroshimaKurashiki 8
Wakayama SOUTH & EAST ASIA 113emperor, Akihito, is the 125th
Shimonoseki Yamaguchi Tokushima Izu-shotóin succession.
Kitakyúshú Matsuyama Shingú Hachijó-jima
Iki Kóchi
Fukuoka
Óita Shikoku Aoga-shima
Sasebo
Nakamura
Nagasaki
Kumamoto
Gotó-rettó Kyúshú On August 12, 1990, Typhoon Winona, combined with
6 Amakusa-nada the summer vacation rush, created the longest traffic
Miyazaki
Kagoshima jam in Japan's history, an 84-mile long tailback
involving about 15,000 vehicles.
Ósumi-shotó Tanega-shima The longest bridge in the world is the Akashi Kaikyo
Yaku-shima Bridge linking Honshu and Shikoku, with a central
span of 6352 ft (1991 m); the total length shore to
East China shore is 12,831 ft (3911 m), or 2.4 miles (3.9 km). 134
7 111 Sea
Philippine
tó
Sea
Tokuno-shima
Amami-Ó-shima PACIFIC
Okinawa 0 km 200 OCEAN
0 miles 200
Naha
8
134 134
AB CDE
114 SOUTH & EAST ASIA D
Southern India & Sri Lanka
A BC
116 Mumbai Kalyán Nánded
(Bombay) Deccan
Nizámábád
Pune
1 aSolápur
2 103
3 The Mumbai (Bombay) movie industry, known as WesternKrishn Hyderábád
Bollywood, makes around 900 films each year,
compared to Hollywood's 100, making it the most INDIA
prolific film-producing country in the world.
Belgaum Hubli
Kurnool
Pánáji
Arabian Dávangere Anantapur
Ghats Karnátaka
Sea Mangalore Bangalore Vellore
Mysore
Amíndívi Is.
Tamil
Salem
Lakshadweep Kozhikode / Calicut
Nadu
(part of India)
Kavaratti I. Coimbatore Tiruchchi-
ráppalli
The word ghats, literally “stairs that Kalpeni I. Ernákulam Kerala Madurai
descend to a river,” refers to the Kochi / Cochin
stair-like appearance of the slopes
of the Western Ghats mountain Thiruvananthapuram / Gulf
range, as they descend to
the coastal plain. Minicoy I. Tivandrum of
Nágercoil Mannar
MALDIVES Ihavananthapuram
Atoll
4 55
MALE’
There are over 1300 islands in the Maldives
but only about 200 are inhabited. All the INDIAN
islands are low-lying, none rising more
than 6 ft (1.8m) above sea level.
0 km 300 Kolhumadulu Atoll
0 miles 300
5 Equator
Huvadhu Atoll
123
A B CD
SOUTH & EAST ASIA 115
E F GH
Godáva ts 117
ri Gha Bay
of
Andhra rn Visákhapatnam MYANMAR 1
Pradesh enga (BURMA) 2
Rájahmundry B l 3
Easte Mouths of the 4
Vijayawáda Irrawaddy
Ongole The Indian cobra is often displayed North Andaman 119
by snake charmers. The cobras
Nellore appear to respond to the music Middle Andaman Andaman Is.
played by the charmer, but, like
Chennai all snakes, they are deaf and Port Blair (part of India)
only follow the movements of
(Madras) the charmer.
Kánchípuram
Pondicherry South Andaman
Little Andaman Andaman
Palk Strait Sea
Jaffna
SRI LANKA
Mannar
Trincomalee Nicobar Is.
Batticaloa (part of India)
Kandy One of the world’s largest tea Great Nicobar Indira
COLOMBO producers, Sri Lanka has over Point
Galle 8500 sq miles (22,000 sq km)
of land under tea cultivation, yielding INDONESIA
Matara about 300,000 tons (tonnes) a year, Sumatra
and accounting for around 10
percent of global production. 120
OCEAN At 7:58 am on December 26, 2004, an earthquake
just off the coast of Sumatra measuring 9.1 on the
Richter scale triggered a massive and devastating
Tsunami that advanced across the Indian Ocean,
killing over 200,000 people and leaving millions
homeless in eleven countries.
Equator 5
123
E F GH
116 SOUTH & EAST ASIA D
North India & Pakistan
A BC
(claimed by India)
104
1 The Karakoram Highway (A "line of control" Hindu Kush Karakoram K2
was finally completed in was set between 28,251ft
1986 after 24,000 workers India and Pakistan Indus (8611m)
had toiled for almost 20 in 1972)
Mardán Range
years. The road climbs to Pesháwar
15,397 ft (4693 m) ISLÁMÁBÁD Jamu &
at the Khunjerab Pass. Ráwalpindi
Gujrát Kashmir
AFGHANISTAN Jhelum
Gujránwála
Toba Kákar Rang Punjab Ch en áb Amritsar
Jalandhar
Indus Sargodha
e Lahore
2 102
Quetta Faisalábád Ludhiána
Dera Gházi Okára Chandígarh
Multán
Chágai Hills Khán Baháwalpur Meerut
Delhi
PAKISTAN
Rahímyár Khán NEW DELHI
I R A N Shikárpur IndTus h
Range Lárkána ar Bíkáner
3 Central Makrán Sukkur Ágra
D e s e r t Jaipur
Nawábsháh Jodhpur Ajmer Gwalior
Rajásthán
Karáchi Hyderábád Kota
Tropic of Cancer Mtohuet I
I N D0 km
200 Gnduuhlfss Rann Bhopál
of of Kachchh
4 103 0 miles 200 Ahmadábád
Gánhídhám
u j a r á t Indore
of Kachchh G
Arabian Jámnagar Rájkot Vadodara M a d h y a
Narmada
Sea Porbandar Nágpur
Bhávnagar
Súrat M a h á r a s h t r a
On January 26, 2001, a massive Gulf Damán
earthquake devastated the Gujarat of Nánded
region of India, costing some 25,000 lives. Náshik
Khambhát Kalyán
Mumbai
D e c5
(Bombay) Pune Nizámábád
Ceasefire Line
114
Solápur
A B CD
SOUTH & EAST ASIA 117
E F GH
XINJIANGUYGUR 108
ZIZHIQU
The northern ranges of the Himalayas contain the highest
Aksai Chin H mountains in the world, with average heights of more than 1
(adminstered by China, 23,000 ft (7000 m) and many peaks higher 2
claimed by India) than 26,000 ft (8000m). 3
4
C I N A QINGHAI 5
Demchok/Dêmqog Cherrapunji, 4872 ft (1484 m) above sea level, has an average
(administered by China, annual rainfall of 450 inches (1143 cm), although most of this
claimed by India) falls during the monsoon – the winter is a virtual drought.
X I Z A N G Z I Z H I Q U The highest-ever seasonal rainfall was 904 inches (2298 cm). 108
H i( T i b e t ) The Kingdom of Bhutan is Arunachal Pradesh
the only country in the world (claimed by China)
to measure the happiness
of its citizens.
N m a l a y a sBareilly
E PU t t a r
AP r a d e s h
LLucknow
Mount Everest THIMPHU Guwáháti
29,035ft (8850m) BHUTAN
KATHMANDU
Gangtok
Birátnagar Dispur
Kánpur Váránasi Saidpur ahmap u t r a Sylhet Kohíma
Patna Ganges Jamálpur
Yamuna Easter B i h á r BANGLADESH Imphál
Br
I AAllahábád sGayaRájsháhi Tropic of Cancer
118
Dhanbád W e s t DHAKA
Comilla
Jabalpur Ránchi Bengal Khulna Chittagong
Kolkata
Pradesh (Calcutta) of the Gange MYANMAR
Mouths (BURMA)
Raipur
can O r i s M ahá n a d í Cuttack Bay The heaviest hailstones
n of on record, weighing about
Godáver sa ts B 2.25 lbs (1 kg), are
Warangal Gha enga reported to have killed 92
l people in the Gopalganj
area of Bangladesh on
i 115 April 14, 1986.
Visákhapatnam
E F GH
A B CD E
1
108 111 118 SOUTH & EAST ASIA
Around 60 percent of Myanmar’s cultivated land 1 Mainland Southeast Asia
is given over to growing rice, producing almost
Kumon Range 20 million tons (tonnes) each year. A
CHIN
INDIA Chindwinn Every year around 300–500 million poeple 111 2
are infected with malaria from the bite of
2 135 Bhamo female Anopheles Mosquitos, of which
Katha between 1 and 3 million die, making this
Tropic of Cancer the deadliest animal in the world.
Irrawaddy Tropic of Cancer
MYANMAR BRleadcRk iver
Ou
Monywa Mandalay Phôngsali River Lang Sòn
Pakokku Shan Plateau eko n HANÓI
g
3 Chauk Taunggyi Hông Gai 3
Sittwe ( B U R M A ) M Hai Phong
lween Xam Nua Nam Ãinh
Ramree NAY PYI TAW Toungoo Sa
Mekong Louangphabang Gulf
Island Pyay of
L Pek
Sittoung Tongking
AChiang Mai Xaignabouri Vinh
B a y o f Hinthada VIENTIANE
Mae Nam Sirikit
Res.
Udon Thani
Khon Kaen
V I E4
Bengal Bago Thakhèk T 4
Thaton Khanthabouli
Insein Pin S Huê
Pathein Pa-an O
Yangon (Rangoon)
g
T H A I L A N DIMrroauwtahdsdoyf
Pyapon Mawlamyine Ãa Nâng
the
Nakhon Sawan BAAyCuNhBttGoâhnKtadyBOaâuKRNrmiaatbkchahoannsgimSPâhaTmuômrnalîéôSnStMgœaURepuabatoncnhgaKthhSaôtnTnœôignKgAôTnQttgraeupnyugNhòn
Dawei Srinagarind NAM
Res.
ngSên
Ratchaburi Mekong 5
nle
C A M B O D I A5
Bangkok has some of Myeik Pattaya Nha Trang
the worst traffic jams
in the world. In July
1992, after a monsoon Ko Chang Kâmpóng Ãa Lat
Kâmpóng Cham
storm, it took 11 Gulf Chhnâng
Svay Riêng
hours for one Mergui o f PHNOM PENH
Mekong Hô Chi Minh
jam to clear. Archipelago Thailand Kâmpôt
Isthmus of Kra Chumphon Kâmpóng Saôm ekong
6 Andaman Ko Phangan Rach Gia Cân Thò M 6
Sea Ko Samui
Surat Thani Mouths of the
Nakhon Si
Thammarat
Nicobar Islands Ko Phuket Trang Following years of conflict, it is
(part of India) Phuket Hat Yai estimated that as many as 6 million
landmines remain buried in
Songkhla the soils of Cambodia.
Pattani
Yala
7 115 The world's smallest mammal is the 122 7
bumblebee bat of Thailand, weighing
South
less than 0.09 oz (2.5 g). SOUTH & EAST ASIA 119
Y
MALA
Strait o
Malay C h i n a S e a
Peninsula
INDIAN INDON E S f Malacc a
OCEAN SIA
8 Sumatra I A 0 km 200 8
0 miles 200
121 121
AB CDE
120 SOUTH & EAST ASIA D
Maritime Southeast Asia
A BC
119 LA Gulf of
M YA N M A R Tongking
1 (BURMA) VIETNAM Paracel Islands
S (disputed by China,
0 km 400 OTHAILAND Taiwan, and Vietnam)
0 miles 400
Isthmus of K South China
MALAYSIA'S TWO CAPITALS Sea
Kuala Lumpur - Capital CAMBODIA
Putrajaya - Administrative capital
Spratly Islands
2 122 Andaman Gulf (disputed by China,
Malaysia, Philippines,
Taiwan, and Vietnam)
S e a of The Rafflesia plant has the largest single flower
Thailand
Nicobar Islands in the world. The bloom, 3 ft (90 cm) in
(to India) diameter, attracts insects by imitating Balabac
the foul smell of rotting flesh.
Strait George ra
MalTacocawn
Bandaaceh of Kota Bharu Kota Kinabalu
Kuala Terengganu BANDAR SERI
Taiping
Ipoh Kuantan BEGAWAN Sab
Medan KUALA LUMPUR
3 Pematangsiantar Klang BRUNEI
M A L A Y S I A4
PulSau(uSSimumPmeuuaPllaautuuetelaNrurDaSiaaSi)sbaTibnooPearblaguuatadPaaUinuTagnRAJAPBYeatAkanagnHbaarJriJauSomIhNPobGariPABlBeoaPnmanOghtkbRairaaEunnKagaurkcimhaitnaKgaKpaSuliabiBsmuaanPBnejtagoSaurBarMnnmranuuaSlanliewalkgseoaaimprnnkaaprhKiaankanaydmaan
Equator Selat K Ma
122
Pegunungan Barisa
KeMpeunlataw
IONCDEI AA NN I N DIn August 1883, a devastating volcBBaeannincgdkaulruLSaelma t pSnSuuunknBadgBoabagunomdJrAuiBKneAglPituRulnaTugATePgeakSlaelmoKJ nuaagrdvaaunansgSMSJeueaMmrataaabbkrPeLaaauarslymuastauar
eruption destroyed most of the island of
5 Krakatau and triggered a tsunami that Jawa Cilacap Denpasar
Magelang
claimed around 35,000 lives. (Java) Yogyakarta Malang BaliPulau
Surakarta Kediri Lombok
123
Madiun
A B CD
SOUTH & EAST ASIA 121
E F GH
Luzon Strait P h i l i p p i n e 112
Babuyan Channel
Tuguergarao Northern
Mariana
Ilagan Luzon Sea Islands 1
2
Baguio The Philippines take their name from Philip II (to US) 3
Dagupan of Spain, who was king when the islands were 4
5
Angeles Cabanatuan
MANILA Lucena colonized during the 16th century.
Batangas
Naga PHILIPPINES Guam (to US)
Mindoro PA C
Mindoro Str Sibuyan Legazpi City C
Calbayog
Roxas CitySea Tacloban
PassaPgaleawan Da I F I
aitIloilo Cadiz Yap 126
StPraailtaPPwreSiaununrclteuosBaSaecaoCIlloiitgBdyaohnolCSeebaCuaBguaytMuaaninnddeanOaoro OCEAN
Zamboanga elago Davao Babeldaob MICRONESIA
vao Gulf PALAU
ah Sulu Archip General Kepulauan Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago,
Santos Talaud with over 17,500 islands stretching
3100 miles (5000 km) between the Indian
Tawau KSeapnuglirauan
cca Sea
Celebes Sea Pulau Morotai and Pacific oceans.
Manado Pulau Equator
Halmahera
Gorontalo Pulau
Molu Biak
Gulf of Kepulauan M Halmahera Sorong
Tomini Banggai a
l u Sea Jazirah
Palu Sulawesi k u Doberai
SunA gai Jayapura
(Celebes) Sea ( uccas)
Kepulauan Ce ram Wahai M o Pegunungan MM aa mokbee r a m
Sula
Ambon l o 126
O N E SKendari Pulau I P A P U A
Strait Parepare Pulau Seram Papua
Pulau Buru Kepulauan NEW
Buton Banda Sea (Irian Jaya) G U I N E A
Kai Kepulauan
Makassar Aru New Guinea
Flores Sea n Kgepgulaauanr a Wetar Kepulauan Dig u l
Nusa Te Strait Tanimbar
Alor Pulau Yamdena
Flores
DILI Kepulauan Leti
Arafura Sea Torres Strait
Selat Sumba Savu Sea EAST TIMOR
Pulau Timor
Sumba
Kupang 130 A U S T R A L I A
Timor Sea
E F GH
AB CDE
137 Ye 137 122 OCEANS
1 Ob' nisey
The Indian Ocean
1
sin i Volga Lake
Baikal
Aral Lake ASIA
Sea Balkhash
Black Sea CaucasusCasSpeiaan With no part of the Maldives over 7ft 7in (2.3 m) above
sea level, they are under great threat from global
warming. There are over 2000 islands, yet the
2 63 Tigris total land area is only 115 sq miles (298 sq km). River 2
Euphrates 134
Iranian Him Yellow
Plateau dus a l Barahmyapautras
Yangtze
Kuwait Persian
Gulf In Ganges
Dubai
Tropic of Cancer G ulf of Karachi Irrawaddy Tropic of Cancer
Oman Indu
Kolkata
Mina' s Fan Hong Kong
A r a b i a n Qabus Owen FractureZoMnuerray Ridge (Xianggang)
Red Sea (Calcutta) Ganges
Fan
3 Peninsula Arabian Mumbai 3
Sea (Bombay) Bay of
Bengal Mekong
Aden
Gulf of Aden Arabian
Basin Plateau A South China
MALDIVES Sea
Ethiopian Horn of Carlsberg R Sri Lanka ndaman Gulf of
Africa Colombo Thailand
Highlands
AFRICA e Sea
v Sumatra
KMepeunltaauwaani
Mid- accadi
Trench
Equator S o mBaal idge Ceylon Ridge Singapore
4 Mombasa agos-L Plain 4
arene Chagos Equator Borneo
Mid-Indian
Masc Cocos Inv East Indies
British Indian Ocean Basin Java
Territory (to UK) J ava Java
SEYCHELLES h estigat Sea
Aldabra C Trench
Group or
Lake COMOROS Mascarene Plateau Indian Basin Ridge Chr(itsotAmuastsraIlsiala) ndAuNstorratlhian
Nyasa Basin
5 Osborn
Plateau
MCohzaanmnbeilq u eMayotte Basin Cocos Islands
Madagascar (to Australia)
Davie Ridge (to France) MascPalraeinne
NinetyeastMAURITIUS Wharton Exmouth 5
East India Plateau
AUSTRALASIA
Réunion RidgeINDIAN B a s i n Ridge
(to France) man
Farafangana Tropic of Capricorn
Natal Madagascar Ridge Perth
Basin Madagascar Basin Basin
Plateau Brok en R idge
s t
Indian Amsterdam Island Diamantina Fremantle
St-Paul
O C E A N6 Naturaliste
Southea Plateau
Fr acture Zo
Southwest Crozet ne 6
Basin
Île Every cubic mile (4.3 cu km) of
seawater holds over 150 million
tons (tonnes) of minerals.
French Southern & Indian
Antarctic Territories Kergue
Crozet
Islands (to France) Ridge
Heard & Mcdonald Islands len Plateau
49AtlantiBc-aIsnindian (to Australia)
End
7 Plain 134 7
South Indian Basin
e r b y Banzare
Seamounts Limit of winter pack ice
The largest animal ever seen alive was a 110 ft (34 m), Limit of summer pack ice
170-ton (tonne) female blue whale.
Antarctic Circle Antarctic Circle
0 km 1500 ANTARCTICA 8 OCEANS 123
8 136
1500
0 miles
B 136 E
A CD
124 AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA D
Australasia & Oceania
A BC
107 Northern Wake Island International Dateline
Mariana (to US)
Islands
1 (to US) Mic MARSHALL
2 Saipan
Ph i l ippin e ISLANDS
Sea Guam
Philippines a n Yap (to US) ro Ratak Chai
Sulu Babeldaob U n
Sea PALA e alik Chain
MICRONESIA Pohnpei n T(uGnilbgert
Celebes da
Sea Caroline Chuuk Kosrae a
Islands i
Celebes B Islan ds s
107 Mela n R Islaanr u
Nauru TI ds
Borneo BismBiasmrcakrcAkrScehaipelago Solomon e Banaba A )
Equator NsAURU KIRIB
i
Mount Wilhelm New Britain SOLOMON a TUVALU
14,793ft (4509m) Solomon
Sea Isla ISLANDS
New Guinea Santa Cruz
nds
Sea PAPUA NEW GuadalcanalG reat Barrier Reef viding Range Islands
Timor Arafura Torres Strait GUINEA VANUATU
Flores Sea Coral
3 Espiritu Santo Vanua Levu
Timor Gulf Sea Malekula Efate Viti
Sea Arnhem of Cape Coral Sea Levu
Ashmore & Land Carpentaria York Islands New Caledonia
Cartier Islands Peninsula (to Australia) (to France) FIJI
(to Australia) Great Di New
Simpson Caledonia
A U S T R A L I A4INDIAN Desert
OCEAN Great GreatNAullaMacdRoannnUgeluru Range Norfolk Island
123 Sandy s ell (to Australia)
Desert
Gibson (Ayers Rock) Grey Lord Howe
Darling
Tropic of Capricorn Desert L. Eyre North Island North Cape
(to Australia)
Great
Victoria L. Torrens North
D e srebrotrusPtrlaaliinan Murray Mount Kosciuszko Island
7310ft (2228m) NEW
Bight ZEALAND
Kangaroo
Island Bass Strait Tasman South Island
Sea Aoraki (Mt Cook)
12,283ft (3744m)
5 Cape Leeuwin Tasmania
Antipodes
Islands
136 Auckland Islands
(to New Zealand)
A B CD
AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA 125
EF GH
107
Haw(atoiiUanS) Islands
Johnston Atoll 1
(to US)
Kingman Reef PACIFIC OCEA N
(to US)
Teraina sia 134
Palmyra Atoll Tabuaeran Equator
(to US) International Dateline
Kiritimati 134
Baker & Howland Tropic of Capricorn
Islands
(to US)
Jarvis Island ine 2
L 3
KIRIBATI (to US) 4
Phoenix Islands Malden Island I s l KaIRnIBdAsTI
Starbuck Island
Tokelau Northern Cook Penrhyn Millennium Marquesas Islands
Manihiki Islands Island
Wallis & (to NZ) Flint Island
Futuna e
Cook Islands
(to FranceS)AMOA
American (to NZ) Tuamotu
TONGA Samoa
(to US) S Tahiti
Vava‘u s o c a Islan
Group i
Niue Is land e t y
(to NZ) outRhearrontoCnogoak
y I s dsl
n nds es
Tongatapu S
Group
Îles
A u Fr e n ch Polynesia
tral (to France)
s
Kermadec Islands
(to New Zealand) Pitcairn
l Marotiri Islands
(to UK)
Pitcairn Island
o
P
0 km 1000
0 miles 1000
Chatham Islands 5
(to New Zealand)
136
E F GH
126 AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA D
The Southwest Pacific
A BC
Guam 134Trench
(US unincorporated MARSHALL
territory) HAGÅTÑA
Yap M arianas ISLANDS
M i1 Ratak
c r oC a r o l i n e I s l a n d s Ralik
Majuro
MELEKEOK Chuuk Is. Pohnpei n Chain Chain
PALIKIR e
PALAU MICRONESIA s
Kosrae
2 121 The Pitohui bird has a poison on its feathers and skin a BAIRIKI
Equator similar to the poison arrow tree frog, making it the i Tarawa
only known example of a poisonous bird.
Banaba
NAURU
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
INDONESIA Bismarck Archipelago New Ireland M
e3
Mt Wilhelm Madang Bougainville I.
14,793ft (4509m)
l aNew Guinea Lae New Britain
New
Georgia
Islands
Solomon
PORT MORESBY ia
s
Arafura eS e a HONIARASanta Cruz
n
Sea Torres Strait Islands
t Barrier Reef
SOLOMON
4 128 Gulf ISLANDS
Coral Sea
of Banks Is.
Carpentaria
Found only in the rainforest of New Guinea, VANUATU
Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, with a wingspan
of 11 inches (280 mm), is the Grea Coral Sea Islands PORT VILA
largest butterfly in the world.
(Australian external New Caledonia
territory)
(French overseas
territory)
AUSTRALIA NOUMÉA Îles
Loyauté
5
Tropic of Capricorn 131
A B CD
AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA 127
E F GH
135
PACIFIC OCEAN 1
In 1995, the International Date Line was repositioned around Kiribati 135 2
territory, bringing Millennium Island 14 hours ahead of GMT, making it Equator
the first landfall for sunrise at the dawn of the new millennium.
International Dateline
International DatelineKingman ReefPalmyra Atoll
(administered by US) (administered by US)
Teraina
Baker & Howland Is. Tabuaeran
Islands
(GTilubenrgt aIsrlaunds)(administered by US) Jarvis I. L i Kiritimati
(administered by US) n e
KIRIBATI Phoenix Islands KIRIBATI
TUVALU Samoa is home to the world’s smallest known 3
spider, the Patu marplesi, which spans a mere 4
0.017 inches (0.4 mm). 5
FONGAFALE Tokelau
(NZ dependent territory)
American Vostok I. Millennium I.
Samoa Flint I.
P oWallis Northern
l& Futuna SAMOA (US unincorporated Cook Is. 135
(French overseas ÁPIA y n eterritory) si a French Polynesia
F I J I territory) (French overseas
Vanua Levu PAGO
PAGO Îles de territory)
ciété
Vava‘u Cook Islands la S o
Group
Niue (in free assoc.
SUVA Ha‘apai (in free assoc. with NZ) PAPEETE
Group
Viti with NZ) S o u t h e r n Tahiti
Levu TONGA
ALOFI Cook Is.
NUKU‘ALOFA AVARUA 0 km 500
0 miles 500
Rarotonga
135 Tropic of Capricorn
E F GH
AB CD E
1
120 121
INDONESIA
1
128 AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA
On Christmas Day, 1974, Cyclone Tracy devastated Darwin with Arafura
Western Australiawinds of up to 175 mph (280km/h), resulting in 71 deaths, Sea
thousands of injuries, and 95 percent of the city destroyed.
River
Timor Melville Croker Island
g Sound Island
2 123 One of the largest states in the world, with an area ofBa S e a Bathurst Island Van Diemen 130 2
more than 1,000,000 sq miles (2.6 million sq km), Westernh Gulf Gulf 3
4
Australia covers a third of the Australian continent. DARWIN Arnhem
Cape
Bonaparte Londonderry Joseph Land
Bonaparte
Archipelago Gulf Pine Creek Katherine
INDIAN Heywood Daly
Islands Waters
Kin Wyndham Victoria
Kununurra
Kimberley
3 OCEAN Plateau Top Springs
Roadhouse
Broome Fitzroy
Fitzroy Crossing Halls Creek Tanami
River Desert
Beach
Eighty Mile
G rea Tennant Creek
Port Hedland
T t Sandy NORTHERN
Dampier on
Exmout Marble Bar Percival Desert TERRITORY
Exmouth OnAsrlHsloheebawFuRmor traotennergsscReluieevyRe riRvearn Macdonnell Rang
4 Lakes e s
Tropic of Capricorn Alice Springs
WES ERN Lake Mackay
ge Newman Lake
Gibs Disappointment
Desert
Lake
Amadeus
L. Macleod
A U S T R A L I ACarnarvon
Shark Bay RMoebeinksaotnhaRrarnages Uluru
hison River
Dirk Hartog Denham Lake Carnegie (Ayers Rock) Ranges
5 Island Lake Wells
Murc 2845ft (867m) 5
Musgrave
AUSTRALIA SOUTH
Kalbarri Mount Magnet Great Victoria Desert
Geraldton Lake Carey
Coober Pedy
Lake Barlee
AUSTRALIA
Lake Moore
Lake Rebecca
Moora Coolgardie Kalgoorlie Reid r Pl a i n
Gingin Merredin Lake Cowan u l l a r b o Eucla
PERTH Norseman
6 Fremantle Southern N Penong 6
Mandurah Lake
Bunbury Northam Cross
Ceduna Gairdner
Brookton
Great Australian Bight
Wagin Elliston
Busselton Katanning Esperance
Manjimup Port
Augusta Lincoln
7 123 Albany The Nullarbor Plain is so flat that the 131 7 AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA 129
Trans-Australian Railway runs
Around 18 percent of Australia is covered in through it in a dead straight line
desert, the biggest being The Great Victoria for 297 miles (478 km), the longest
Desert, which at 163,900 sq miles (424,400 sq km) section of straight track in the world.
is over 10 times the size of Belgium.
I ND Residents of Coober Pedy have built their homes
below ground to escape temperatures that can
400 I A N reach 113˚F (45˚C) during the summer months.
8 0 km OCEAN 8
0 miles
400 136
136
AB CDE
AB CDE
121 126 130 AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA
1 Arafura Sea INDONESIA PAPUA NEW GUINEA 1 Eastern Australia
The venom of the box jellyfish (also known
as the sea wasp or marine stinger) can
kill a person in between 30 seconds
Torres Strait and four minutes.
Cape York
Australia’s Great Barrier Reef is the
Wessel Islands G world’s largest area of coral islands
and reefs, running for about 1,240
r miles (2,000 km) along the coast
2 DARWIN Arnhem Cape e of Queensland. 126 2
128 L a n d
Groote Eylandt York Princess a
Pine Creek Gulf of Peninsula Charlotte
Katherine t Koalas feed only on nutrient-poor
Bay eucalypt leaves and consequently
Carpentaria Mitchell RivG have evolved a low energy lifestyle
Wellesley based around sleeping for
r Cooktown 20 hours each day.
Islands Port Douglas
Daly Waters e r
Ba
a
Top Springs Barkly T Gilbert River t Coral Sea
Roadhouse Normanton
er
Grego
Dividing Cairns
3 ableland Burketown ry Range r Coral Sea Islands 3
Tully Hinchinbrooki Island (to Australia)
NORTHERN Townsville
Flinders River
Tanami Reef
D e s e r t Tennant Creek
Selwy Bowen r
e
TERRITORY Mount Isa n Cloncurry Range Charters Whitsunday
Towers Group
Hughenden
Range Winton Mackay
Alice QUEENSLAND Clermont
Springs Barcaldine Emerald
Longreach
Macdonnell
A U S T R A L I A4 4
Ranges
Tropic of Capricorn
Rockhampton
Biloela
Uluru (Ayers Rock) Simpson Windorah Tambo Bundaberg Fraser Island
2845ft (867m)
Musgrave Ranges Desert Charleville Maryborough
SOUTH AUSTRALIA Range Roma Miles
Cunnamulla Dalby
Grey BRISBANE
G r e a t Coober Lake St. George Toowoomba Surfer's Paradise
5 V i c t o r i a Pedy Eyre Lake Dividing Range 5
North Blanche Gold
-16m Goondiwindi
Desert APouCrgMrtGyusaPasMttrewaarutlelerBeBerrrarrboyoFLokHRLCoarreokaiikoanvlmeklluelereagbhMBonairnlNrdiaeur rREaWiWWlcIavnaBALnnoaihcuaShoLrlekanOeCERoioUvSeBtDraaNmPuTr wybaunborHngnrodaaTRrnWmaiavmearawlGtgAtoerarrtmetthaMidtSoaYGrleeDoeNsNfeoEwrYdcPaosCGtroMtlrefaMfuCfstraooHwcanaqislrultbuaomruiebrah
Lake Eyre South
Tarcoola Lake RFlainngdeesrs DRiarvleirng ange
Torrens
Penong Lake
Ceduna Gairdner
6 Whyalla 6
Eyre
Peninsula
Port Spencer Gulf ADELAIDE Wagga Wollongong
Lincoln Ouyen Wagga CANBERRA
Ri ve r Mount
rray AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA 131
Kangaroo Island Horsham Bendigo itKosciuszkoian AUSTRALIAN
Mu 7310ft (2228m) CAPITAL TERRITORY
VIC T s tr al s
ORI A Au A lp Cooma
Ballarat
Mount Gambier
T a s m a n129
Portland Geelong MELBOURNE
Huge truck rigs known as
7 Warrnambool Traralgon 134 7
Road Trains, which can reach South East Point
up to 175 ft (53.5 m) in length, King Island B a s s S t r a i t
carry freight across the vast Banks Flinders Island Sea
distances of the Australian interior. Burnie Stra
They have as many as four Marrawah
trailers, weighing more than Devonport Launceston The platypus lives in an aquatic
150 tons (tonnes) in total.
environment, suckles its young
TASMANIA
like a mammal, lays eggs, and
HOBART
8 0 km 400 has webbed feet and a bill
resembling that of a duck. 8
0 miles 400
136 136
AB CDE
AB CDE
127 127 132 AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA
1 The lizardlike tuatara is found on some of the islands 1 New Zealand
Tasman Three Kings and rocky stacks off New Zealand. It is the sole
remaining representative of the reptilian order
Islands Sphenodontia, which first evolved before the
North Cape dinosaurs. It has a third “eye” on the top of
Sea its head, which is sensitive to light.
Te Kao Great Exhibition
Bay
Ninety Mile Beach is in fact only about Kaitaia
Kaikohe
55 miles (88 km) long. Nevertheless, this still Paihia
Whangarei
2 131 makes it one of the longest sandy 135 2
beaches in the world.
North I s l Ruawai Hauraki Great Barrier
Island
a n d Warkworth
Around 130 CE, something in the order of 33 billion tons Takapuna Gulf
(tonnes) of pumice was ejected in a massive volcanic Whitianga
eruption that left a 20,000 sq mile (51,800 sq km) debris Auckland Manurewa
field and created an enormous caldera that
subsequently became Lake Taupo. Waiuku Paeroa Bay of
Plenty
East Cape
3 Hamilton Tauranga Ruatoria 3
Lake Whakatane
Cambridge Rotorua
Ra
Te Kuiti es raRotorua RaukRuamnag
More than 46 million sheep thrive in New Zealand’s North Taranaki Taupo Gisborne
Bight
mild climate, outnumbering the human
population by 12 to 1. New Plymouth Taumarunui Lake Wairoa
Taupo
Stratford Hawke
SouthBiTgahrtanaWkiaHnagwaneuraiTaihapengitikeiNapieWr aHipasaBtwainyags
N E W Z E A L A N D4 4
Cape Farewell Palmerston North Woodville
Tasman Levin Cape Turnagain
Bay Paraparaumu Masterton
Motueka Picton Lower Hutt
Karamea Bight Richmond Range
Seddonville irau Blenheim Cook Strait WELLINGTON
Though still the highest peak in Westport Richmond
New Zealand, at 12,316 ft larence Cape Palliser
Reefton Kaikoura
5 Fiordland 5
Taieri
(3754 m), a massive rock Greymouth C
C
Wafall in 1991 reduced theHokitikaHurunui
height of Aoraki (Mount
r1AFM2noa,r2aia8rky3lAiife((iM3el7lt4pdaC4Rnmostaeok)rakbOi)uartyAiCrPsaahlanbintuserrtRboauCnnrhgyrioBPiseratannPciknehsBgsuuaalysrauchs
Cook) by 33 ft (10 m). Timaru Bight S o u t h
M
Fox Glacier h e New Zealand has always been a leader
in progressive social legislation. In
Haast S o u t 1893, it was the first country to grant
women the right to vote.
Lake
Wanaka Island
6 W 6
ilford Sound
Milford Lake Wanaka aitaki Studholme
Sound Wakatipu The royal albatross colony on Otago Peninsula is the
Lake Te only mainland nesting site for these birds in the world.
Anau Queenstown Oamaru Soaring on wings up to 9’6’’ (3 m) across, breeding
Alexandra
pairs mate for life and have been known to live
Te Anau Lumsden Clutha for over 60 years.
Waiau Mosgiel Otago Peninsula AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA 133
Gore Dunedin PACIFIC
7 131 Riverton Balclutha 135 7
Invercargill
Foveau O C E A N
x
Halfmoon Bay Strait The Kakapo is a nocturnal flightless parrot that lives in burrows.
South West Stewart When in danger, its main form of defense is to remain perfectly
Cape Island still, which made it an easy target for predators such as the
dogs, cats, rats, and ferrets that were introduced in the 19th
century. Consequently, it is in danger of extinction; in 2009
there were only 125 birds left in the wild.
8 0 km 100 8
0 miles 100
136 136
AB CDE
134 OCEANS D
The Pacific Ocean
A BC
Arctic Circle 137 Bering Strait
A S I A1 Bering
Aleutian S e a
2 Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is 35,838 ft Sea of Basin I sla n ds
(10,923 m), or almost 7 miles (11 km), below the Okhotsk Aleutian n Tre n ch
Aleutia
CasinsucarefrraocuenodYf (1aHtXnh6oige,a0tnGnzP0gega0SocgKYhilafobbieacnnsln.l/iggoAgsw)qthRtaihniiEivcYsaehsVReSrtdleCll(yeoaah1upwidnk,t1ayihvuS2OeowT7srsaetakotgkeSkJa/rea(capEpmoraaefsNnsstJ qasaSpu)ega.raTNMnoe)IoossyaklraartyinhaodenKrsKanu urNi lroeirlItsehlwaBTneadsrssteinPnca chWi f iacke gh
Chinook Trou
Mendo cin o
107 a Midway Islands
Tropic of nch (to US)
ShBiaksoiknu Island Hawaiian Ridge
Phili Ba (to US)
Taiwan (to US) M i d - Pacifi Mountains Johnston
Philippine Atoll
a c
Mekong ian
ch
P A C I3 Equator JaIkaNtrrSatianDgSoaJuJIpEaatvovSAhaaBareCeaoSsrNheniMtaneoaaPnIChinleiaCllTeideSbpSilmeeepeisbaaoienersTessBimSanoesPardipnAapSinLeeAAar3Ua5Cf,uh8ra3(Gal8tloSueGftneNaUau(gm1eiSenw0r)M,e9DGa2CerM3eeaSmaprtITO)oSeBCrlaLLMiornOArrieIeNalMMCrIlsDROlSIC(aOSstaNneooliNadraAnasENlducSSsnseItewArMaralieCVeaBNloa)aAaAlnseNMeiUndsnsIUiSRoAaWALnUneRAiiTaSaUNlHsliDsaAiS(&TLtoLUCaFPFBKFVIueaJrantcAaIIsutniLifrnRcniUaeTac)lOI BTKNHB(toiaoGonAkkUwAgeeSTmllraa)S&aun(ISA(ttnA(daooJ(m(tItt(oamMCsURUootIersloUoeaoSUNvS.OrNeoSni)a)iSZcsAf)kZda))Is)n.
ar
en
Suma
Grea
t
Tropic of Capricorn Reef (to France) Niue
Dividing Kermadec Islands (to NZ)
OCEAN AUSTRALASIA Norfolk (to NZ)
Range Island o
4 123 Great LordRHise
Australian Bight Murray (to Australia) P
Sydney owe
North Island
0 km 2000 South Australian Tasman New
Sea
Basin Tasmania Hobart Zealand Chatham Islands
0 miles 2000 South Island (to NZ)
Mauna Loa on the Big Island of Hawaii rises 33,132 ft Campbell International Dateline
(10,098 m) from the ocean floor to its peak 13,677 ft Plateau
(4169 m) above the surface of the Pacific Ocean, and
contains around 9,700 cubic miles (39,731 cu km) of rock. Pacific- Antarctic
5
Antarctic Circle
136 A N T A R C T I C A
A B CD
OCEANS 135
E F GH
137 Arctic Circle
Anchorage Rocky Hudson Labrador 1
Gulf of Bay Sea 2
Alaska M 3
o NORTH 4
Fracture Zone Vancouver u n
t a AMERICA
Cascadia Pacific giant kelp can grow up to 18 inches (45 cm)
a day, and may eventually reach up to 200 ft (60 m),
or 34 times the height of the average man.
Basin Peru-Chile Trench
San Francisco ulf of California
ins
F I C O C E A NPKl(KAPeBCnIaiatRrhH(MrolTsitrmIhtioalBaiyinylsumMhwyUAtn(iÎrmrattloaSToriateaiil)IasUsioayISknsA)alFCauIPi(nrCsstlFoldtoaiFarlrl)pcaÎFaeyrnlltprernnaeduasseiccensMorrGhtsGcnetuieIaaaos)armrZlnFqlaeBbauoTnraiFepdnZaeisskrsarciaeoinFaLgtsnFrucooMP(AraettrnsaciouutaectgcusFtUrrutaqZrerBrKeuriaaroee)eZZlGncnsaZoaotaceInosulsnhlnelereaegenodZRsoiCsnleiepGp(teo(ErFttaorosaSCtnneahr(clItiaesIloE)eslyM)laCaaBMGBnshnetaiadodnileusmedrdi)eTdnearFGlzrñereGuaaGnABacaFcaMGamttl(hlrReaustIauaeoemsipiprrncxlslaeaEaPfieatiggcucclaoZS(aooauotrfnassooeanInaIdCsZseoFmllhaoraéi)nlalnSG(ieetxda)oCrnseCiAtahymtileCeb)rraoArsiiConbaTwAte(CtboitlAhamoeoliltaes4aluhneoteTOnn0nwPrsittieaLcaeAmSCesacrreA)vdiiS,fMlCEaeliocicTtOuNoraofAryErnrowEwrrTqsTpUeNytareaiRuoniocnIrcraTntpdmoogICtisffocCnHlSouCrwdooiwpAafa.uapCslttr4heai8cnrocrenrnRise
e
s Pacific
i
a
n Basin d 49
e
s
Southwest Agassiz Fracture Zone Islas Juan Fernández e Valparaiso
Pacific (to Chile)
Basin C i l
h
East Chile
Rise A
Eltanin Fracture Zone Mornington Cape Horn
Abyssal
Plain
Ridge Southeast Bellingshausen Plain Drake Pass age Limit of winter pack ice
Pacific Basin
5
Amundsen Plain Peter I Island Limit of summer pack ice Antarctic Circle
(to Norway) 136
E F GH
136 POLAR REGIONS CD
Antarctica
AB
ATLANTIC OCEAN 48 Limit of winter pack
1 South Georgia ice
(to UK) Atlantic-Indian Basin INDIAN
South
Sandwich
Scotia Islands S O U T HERN OCE A N OCEAN
Sea (to UK)
Weddell Antarctic Circle Enderby
P l a i n Lazarev Sea
South Orkney Plain
Islands
Limit of summer
2 48 South Shetland Limit of summer pack ice D r o nning Mau d 122
Islands Lan d
pack ice
Ground visibility in the
A n Wedde l l Sea Coats Antarctic during the summer
rPcatlimceP en Ronne Land
t a months can be as much
as 150 miles (250 km). Enderby
Land
Alexander inrsLualnadIce Shelf Mackenzie
Island
ANTARCTICA Bay
3 Bellingshausen
Sea Princess
Elizabeth
Land
ountains Davis
Trans
Ellsworth South East Sea
Land
Peter I Island Limit of summer pack ice West a ntPaorlect Antarctica Shackleton
(to Norway) Ice Shelf
Anta rctic a South
Amundsen M rie Byrd Land ic Geomagnetic
Sea a
M Pole
Ross Ice Wilkes
Land
Shelf imit of summer pack ice
4 134 135
PACIFIC Amundsen Ross Victoria Terre
OCEAN Sea Land Adélie
Plain
George V
L
The largest iceberg of recent times Land
broke off from the Ross Ice Shelf The world's windiest place is reputed
in the spring of 2000. It was about to be Commonwealth Bay, George V
186 miles (300 km) from end to Land, where wind speeds of 200 mph
5 end and 25 miles (40 km) wide. (320 km/h) have been recorded.
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge NP
134 PLOHV
A B CD
POLAR REGIONS 137
Arctic
E F GH
Provideniya 95 A
A(LpaArt S KUSAA) NitArctic Circle S 1
OChukchi I 2
of A RUSSIAN 3
Bering StraSea FEDERA 4
E R I C Ostrov T A 5
Vrangelya I
AM ice 95
TH Limit of sumLmimeritpoacfkpermanent pack ic
NOR e East
Tuktoyaktuk Ridge Siberian
Chukchi
Mendeleyev Sea
16 Amundsen Gulf Beaufort Plain Novosibirskiye
Sea Chukchi Ostrova
Plateau
Canada
Basin The Arctic Ocean is the world's
smallest ocean, with a total area of
Victoria 5,440,000 sq miles (15,1000,000 sq km),
Island and is almost permanently covered
by pack ice.
CANADA
Queen Makarov Severnaya
Basin Zemlya
Elizabeth
ARCTIC
Lancaster SoundIslands North Basin
Pole
Baffin Ellesmere Island Kara
Island OCEAN
Lincoln JosFerfaLnaznSdvyTartoauyaghASnneaa Dikson
Baffin n Ostrov
16 Bay
Sea e
Kn uLd aRnadsm u s se n
s East Novaya Zemly
Nan summer pack ice Belyy
ice
Wand el pack
Sea
Limit permanent
KonLgaFnrdederik VIII of of Novaya 94
Limit of winter pack ice Zemlya
Limit a Trough
Greenland Svalbard
Spitsbergen
(to Denmark) (to Norway)
Longyearbyen
The Arctic Lion’s Mane is the Bjørnøya Barents
Sea
world’s largest jellyfish, 7 ft Greenland (to Norway)
Murmansk
NP (2.1 m) in diameter. Its main i d g Sea North Cape Archangel
PLOHV ian AY
body trails tentacles up to R e w e g
180 ft (55 m) in length. Nor Sea
Jan Mayen M o h n s
NORW FINLAND
Denmark Strait (to Norway) 62 EUROPE
E F GH
138
The
world
factfiles
139
AB CDE
1 ASIA Franz Josef Land 1 140 NORTH & CENTRAL AMERICA
(to Russia) 2
ARCTIC 3 North & Central America
Svalbard 4
North (to Norway)
Pole
OCEAN
Queen Elizabeth Jan Mayen
Islands (to Norway)
2 Yukon
ALASKA
Arctic Circle Baffin Greenland
Great Bear Bay (Denmark)
Rocky Lake
Baff
Mackenzie in Island
3 St. LawrenceGreat Slave LakeNUUK
Lake Athabasca
PACIFIC C Reindeer H u d s o n Lab
OCEAN Mounta A Lake Bay rador
NADA
Snake Lake Winnipeg aMuorue nn tt iaai n
4 n s
Gulf
Lake L
Superior
of
St.Lawrence
St Pierre &
G r e a t Lake Huron Miquelon
U N I T E D S T A T E S L a k e s OTTAWA (France)
o s Lake Lake Ontario
Miss Michigan
Colorad ins Lake Erie
M ississippi Ohio
n MountainsAppalachia
5 ouri ATLANTIC 5
Tropic of Cancer WASHINGTON, D.C. O C E A N
OF AMERICA
Arkansa Bermuda
(UK)
Sierra MadMre OcciEdentaXl
Rio Grande Sargasso Sea
Virgin Islands (US)
Turks & Caicos British Virgin
Gulf of Mexico Islands (UK) Islands (UK)
Anguilla (UK)
NASSAU DOMINICAN
HAVANA BAHAMAS REPUBLIC ST KITTS & NEVIS
6 I OMEXICO CITY C U B Puerto ANTIGUA & 6
Cayman Rico (US) BARBUDA 7
Clipperton Island C A HAITI Guadeloupe
(French Polynesia) SANTO (France)
Islands (UK) PORT-AU-PRINCE DOMINGO DOMINICA
Equator
7 GUATEMALA BELMOPAN KINGSTON Montserrat (UK) ST LUCIA
BELIZE JAMAICA BARBADOS
Martinique (France)
GUATEMALA CITY HONDURAS TRINIDAD
ST VINCENT & THE GRENADINES & TOBAGO
SAN SALVADOR TEGUCIGALPA
Aruba (Neth.) GRENADA
EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA
MANAGUA Netherlands NORTH & CENTRAL AMERICA 141
COSTA RICA Antilles
SAN JOSÉ PANAMA CITY (Neth.)
PANAMA
e s
And SOUTH Equator
POLITICAL FACTFILE
TOTAL AREA: COUNTRY WITH HIGHEST AMERICA
8,116,571 sq miles POPULATION DENSITY:
(21,021,940 sq km) Barbados 1542 people per sq mile
(595 people per sq km)
TOTAL NUMBER OF COUNTRIES: LARGEST COUNTRY: 0 1000 km
23
Canada 3,855,171 sq miles 0 1000 miles
TOTAL POPULATION: (9,984,670 sq km)
8 536.1 million SMALLEST COUNTRY: 8
LARGEST CITY WITH POPULATION: St. Kitts & Nevis 101 sq miles
Mexico City, Mexico 22.9 million (261 sq km)
AB CDE
AB CDE
1 Caribbean Sea ATLANTIC 1 142 SOUTH AMERICA
OCEAN
2 South America
CARACAS Equator
M gdalenaa 3
Is
Ptahnmaumsa o f VENEZUELA 4
2
a
Cauc
BeniOrinoco GEORGETOWN
AraguaiaPARAMARIBO
Meta G SURINAME
Tocantinsuiana
BOGOTÁ GUYANA CAYENNE
Guaviare Highlands
French
COLOMBIA Guiana
(France)
Equator QUITO C aquetá Rio Negro
Napo Putumayo
ECUADOR A m a z o n Amazon
Marañón Basin Xingu
A Juruá Madeira
Purus
B R A Z I3 L
E São Francis
n P
Represa de
Sobradinho co
d R U M adre de Dios
LIMA e
s Lake
Titicaca
BRASÍLIA
LA PAZ
BOLIVIA
4 SUCRE
Tropic of Capricorn PARAGUAY Tropic of Capricorn
Isla San Isla San Félix E ASUNCIÓN P a r a n a
Ambrosio (Chile) guay
(Chile) A Paraná
Uru
5 IL ENT 5
des IN 6
Islas Juan Fernandez Lagoa dos Patos
(Chile) SANTIAGO URUGUAY
CH BUENOS AIRES MONTEVIDEO
An
PACIFIC Río NegrCoolorado ATLANTIC
OCEAN
OCEAN Patagonia
ARG
6 Isla de Chiloé
Falkland Islands
(UK)
Strait of
Magellan
Tierra del Fuego South Georgia 7
7 Cape Horn (UK) 8
POLITICAL FACTFILE COUNTRY WITH HIGHEST 0 500 km SOUTH AMERICA 143
POPULATION DENSITY: 0 500 miles
TOTAL AREA: Ecuador 127 people per sq mile
6,731,428 sq miles (49 people per sq km)
(17,434,410 sq km)
LARGEST COUNTRY:
TOTAL NUMBER OF COUNTRIES: Brazil 3,286,470 sq miles
12 (8,511,965 sq km)
TOTAL POPULATION: SMALLEST COUNTRY:
8 388.9 million Suriname 63,039 sq miles
(163,270 sq km)
LARGEST CITY WITH POPULATION:
São Paulo, Brazil 21 million
AB CDE
AB CDE
EUROPE 144 AFRICA
1 1 Africa
ATLANTIC Black Sea
OCEAN
Ceuta ALGIERS Med i t e
(Spain) Melilla TUNIS r
(Spain) r
A S2 s a IA
Madeira RABAT i n TUNISIA n
(Portugal) a TRIPOLI e 2
MOROCCO n t a n
Islas Canarias Atlas u Sea Syrian Tropic of Cancer
M o Desert
CAIRO
(Spain)
Libyan
Desert
BUALGERIA Persian Gulf
CAMEROON
LAÂYOUNE GOL I B Y A EGYPT
WESTERN Congo
SAHARA
Nile Red Sea
(disputed) Sahara
Tropic of Cancer
MAURITANIA Tibesti Arabian
3 NOUAKCHOTT Peninsula 3
Senegal ERITREA
MALI NIGER KHARTOUM
DAKAR CHAD
Niger
SENEGAL NIAMEY ASMARA
GAMBIA BAMAKO RKINAOUAGADOUGOU NDJAMENA SUDAN
BANJUL DJIBOUTI
Blue Nil
BISSAU White Nile
GUINEA- GUINEA BENIN NIGERIA ADDIS DJIBOUTI
BISSAU CONAKRY TOGO
CÔTE GHANA Niger ABUJA e ABABA SOMALILAND
PORTO-NOVO (not internationally
FREETOWN D'IVOIRE E T H I O P I A recognized)
LOMÉ
SIERRA LEONE (IVORY COAST) CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
4 MONROVIA YAMOUSSOUKRO Lake Shebeli SOMALIA 4
LIBERIA
ACCRA MALABO BANGUI Uele
EQUATORIAL GUINEA YAOUNDÉ Turkana MOGADISHU
GABON UGANDA K EN Y A
LIBREVILLE Lake
Equator SÃO TOMÉ KAMPALA Victoria Equator
SÃO TOMÉ & O RWANDA KIGALI NAIROBI
PRÍNCIPE NC BRAZZAVILLE BUJUMBURA BURUNDI
Cabinda MOZAMBIQUE
(part of Angola) KINSHASA DEM. REP. T A N Z A N I A
5 Ascension I. CONGO Lake DODOMA
(St Helena) Tanganyika
5
LUANDA
Lake Nyasa COMOROS
MORONI
ANGOLA MALAWI
Mayotte
Z A M B I A LILONGWE (France)
St Helena LUSAKA Zambezi
(UK)
HARARE ANTANANARIVO
ATLANTIC
NAMIBIA ZIMBABWE
6 OCEAN WINDHOEK BOTSWANA MADAGASCAR 6
Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn 7
Kalahari
7 TSHWANE/PRETORIA
Desert MAPUTO
GABORONE
Orange River MBABANE SWAZILAND
LESOTHO
BLOEMFONTEIN MASERU
SOUTH INDIAN
CAPE TOWN AFRICA
Cape of Good Hope
OCEAN
POLITICAL FACTFILE COUNTRY WITH HIGHEST 0 1000 km 8 AFRICA 145
POPULATION DENSITY: 0 1000 miles
TOTAL AREA: Mauritius 1794 people per sq mile
11,437,866 sq miles (693 people per sq km)
(29,624,290 sq km)
LARGEST COUNTRY:
TOTAL NUMBER OF COUNTRIES: Sudan 967,493 sq miles
53 (2,505,810 sq km)
TOTAL POPULATION: SMALLEST COUNTRY:
8 1008.4 million Seychelles 176 sq miles
(455 sq km)
LARGEST CITY WITH POPULATION:
Cairo, Egypt 14.8 million
AB CDE
146 EUROPE
Europe
A B CD
POLITICAL FACTFILE
1 TOTAL AREA: REYKJAVÍK Arctic Circle
3,739,678 sq miles ICELAND
(9,685,756 sq km )
TOTAL NUMBER OF COUNTRIES:
46 Faeroe Islands Norwegian
(Denmark) Sea
TOTAL POPULATION: W
717.8 million A
Y
LARGEST CITY WITH POPULATION:
Moscow, European Russia 13.5 million Shetland Islands R
O
2 COUNTRY WITH HIGHEST Outer Orkney Islands N SW
POPULATION DENSITY: Hebrides OSLO E
Monaco 42,667 people per sq mile North
(16,410 people per sq km) British Sea
Isles
LARGEST COUNTRY:
European Russia 1,527,341 sq miles
(3,955,818 sq km) IRELAND DENMARK
DUBLIN UNITED COPENHAGEN
SMALLEST COUNTRY: KINGDOM
Vatican City, Italy 0.17 sq miles
(0.44 sq km) LONDON AMSTERDAM Elbe
3 NETH.
BELGIUM THE BERLIN
HAGUE
Channel Is.
(UK) BRUSSELS G E R M A N Y
LUXEMBOURG
PARIS PRAGUE
L oire LUXEMBOURG
e CZECH REPUBLIC
Bay of Biscay FRANCE Rhin
LIECH. BRATISLAVA
BERN VIENNA
r SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA
SLOVENIA
4 ATLANTIC L
OCEAN PORTUGAL ITALJUBLJANA
Madeira G a onneMONACO ZAGREB
(Portugal) Ebro CROATIA
Tagus MADRID ANDORRA
Canary Islands LISBON SAN MARINO SARAJEVO
5 (Spain) SPAIN Corsica
BOSNIA
VATICAN CITY & HERZ.
Guadalquivir Balearic Islands ROME
Sardinia
Gibraltar Med Y
(UK) ter
Ceuta i
(Spain) Melilla
(Spain)
VArLLEaTTASnicilye a
AFRI CA n
MALTA
A B CD
EUROPE 147
E F GH
Ural 1
2
D Mountains Ob' 3
E Irtysh 4
N 5
N orthern Dvina
F
INLAND Lake Onega RUSSIAN
HELSINKI Lake Ladoga
STOCKHOLM FEDERA TION
TALLINN
Baltic Sea Aral Sea
ESTONIA
S
LATVIA MOSCOW Ural A
RIGA Don
1000 km
LITHUANIA Volga 1000 miles
VILNIUS
KALININGRAD MINSK
(Russ.Fed.) BELARUS
WARSAW
POLAND KIEV
UKRAINE
SLOVAKIA ieper
BUDAPEST MOLDOVA D n
HUNGARY CHIfiINÂU Sea
Caspian
ROMANIA Caucasus I
A
SERBIA
BELGRADE BUCHAREST
MONTENEGRO Danube Black Sea
PODGORICA
PRISTINA BULGARIA
KOS. SOFIA TURKEY
(disp.)
SKOPJE
MACED.
TIRANA
ALBANIA
GREECE 0
ATHENS 0
Sea Crete Cyprus
E F GH
148 ASIA B CD
Asia ARCTIC OCEAN
A Franz Josef Severnaya
Land Zemlya
1 Laptev Sea
Kara Sea
Lena
Ye n i s ey
ORUSSIAN FEDERATION
Red SeaEUROPE b
Tropic
2 Irtysh
Black
Sea
ASTANA Lake Baikal
ANKARA GEORGIA KAZAKHSTAN
TBILISI
TURKEY ULAN BATOR
of Cancer CYPRUS ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN MONGOLIA
3 NICOSIA YEREVAN BAKU UZBEKISTAN
BISHKEK
BEIRUT SYRIA TURKMENISTAN
LEBANON DAMASCUS KYRGYZSTAN
JERUSALEM AMMAN TEHRÁN AflGABAT TASHKENT
ISRAEL JORDAN BAGHDAD DUSHANBE TAJIKISTAN
IRAQ IRAN KABUL C H I N A
KUWAIT
KUWAIT AFGHANISTAN ISLAMABAD
BAHRAIN MANAMA Indus
QATAR gtze
RIYADH PAKISTAN NEW Ya n
DOHA DELHI NEPAL THIMPHU
SAUDI ABU DHABI
ARABIA U.A.E. BHUTAN
KATHMANDU
SANA
AFRICA MUSCAT G a n g e s BANGLADESH
YEMEN DHAKA
4 OMAN VIETNAM
I N D I A MYANMAR HANOI
(BURMA) LAOS
Arabian
NAY PYI TAW
Socotra Sea VIENTIANE
(Yemen)
Equator Laccadive Bay of THAILAND
Islands BANGKOK
(India) Bengal CAMBODIA
Andaman & PHNOM
Nicobar Islands PENH
(India)
MALE’ COLOMBO MALA
MALDIVES SRI KUALA LUMPUR
LANKA PUTRAJAYA
5 SINGAPORE
IN
INDIAN OCEAN JAKARTA
A B CD