Unit Topic Pages 1 Past Continuous with Past Simple 1 − 10 2 used to 11 − 21 3 Present Perfect 22 − 31 4 Present Perfect + How long?, for and since 32 − 40 5 Comparisons: just as … as and not as … as 41 − 50 6 Passive Voice (Present Simple) 51 − 59 7 will and going to 60 − 68 8 First Conditional 69 − 77 9 Reported Speech 78 – 87 10 Question Tags 88 – 97 Test 1 98 − 101 Test 2 102 − 105 Test 3 106 – 109 Test 4 110 – 113 Test 5 114 – 118 Answer Key 119 − 126 ii Contents_1001A+ Grammar Yr6.indd 2 26/08/2022 4:06 PM
1 1 Past Continuous with Past Simple 1 The past continuous tense is formed with was/were + present participle (verb + ing). Example: was/were + present participle (verb + ing) Damien was watching his favourite programme. The cadets were marching impressively. 2 The past continuous tense is used: Functions Example • to describe an action that was happening at a specific time in the past. i. Amran was driving the ambulance at that time. ii. We were waiting for the ambulance then. • to express a past habitual action with adverbs like always, often, sometimes, usually, etc. i. When Lim was young, he was often hunting with his uncle. ii. When at his uncle’s farm, Lim was always helping him. • to show a gradual happening. i. The traffic was getting heavier and heavier. ii. The wind was blowing stronger and stronger. • to show two actions happening at the same time. i. Dad was gardening while I was chopping the wood. ii. Jim was strumming the guitar while the children were singing. Get Set Audio U1_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 1 14/09/2022 5:47 PM
2 3 The past continuous tense is often used with the past simple: • to talk about a habitual action that was happening when another action took place. past continuous past simple Example: Zaini was often fishing with his uncle when he came back for a holiday. Here, the past continuous ‘was fishing’ suggest that the habitual action (fishing) was taking place at a time in the past. The past simple ‘came’ shows an action that took place at a specific time. • to describe an action that was happening when another action took place. past continuous past simple Example: Joe was sawing the branches when two birds flew past. Here, the past continuous ‘was sawing’ describes an action that was happening. The past simple ‘flew’ shows another action that took place at that moment. • to talk about an action that was happening in the past when another action interrupted it. past continuous past simple Example: I was trimming the tree when a snake slithered by. Here, the past continuous ‘was trimming’ is used to show an action that was in progress. The past simple ‘slithered’ is used to show another action that interrupted it. U1_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 2 14/09/2022 5:47 PM
3 4 The past continuous can be used with the past simple in a question. Example: i. Did you lie when the police was interrogating you? ii. Were you hiding when your parents came back? 5 The past continuous can be used with the past simple in the negative. Example: i. We weren’t doing our homework when our parents were out. ii. I wasn’t paying attention when the teacher called me. 6 Comparisons between the use of past continuous and past simple: 7 When we use the past continuous with the past simple, we often use time expressions like while, as, when, before, after, that day/week/month/year, last night/week/month/ year, etc. Example: i. The flood victims were waiting for help. A truck showed up. While the flood victims were waiting for help, a truck showed up. ii. It was getting bright. We decided to resume our journey. As it was getting bright, we decided to resume our journey. iii. We salvaged whatever possible. We waited patiently for help. We salvaged whatever possible while we were patiently waiting for help. U1_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 3 14/09/2022 5:47 PM
4 A Using the verbs below, form the past continuous and past simple in the 10 blanks provided. Verb Past continuous Past simple help was/were helping helped 1 call 2 seek 3 respond 4 examine 5 burn 6 cut 7 feed 8 recover 9 plan 10 rescue B Underline the correct past continuous or past simple in the sentences 10 below. 1 As we (walked , were walking) along the beach, we (saw , were seeing) a swimmer yelling for help. 2 We (went , were going) around in circles before we (asked , were asking) the station master for direction. 3 We (were becoming , became) panic when we saw that the car (speeded , was speeding) towards us. 4 I (took , was taking) a shower when a lizard (dropped , was dropping) from the ceiling. 5 The boy (argued , was arguing) with his mother when his father (was coming , came) back. 6 We (explored , were exploring) the cave when I (was slipping , slipped) and injured myself. 7 The accident victim (bled , was bleeding) profusely when the nurse (was attending , attended) to him. 8 The rescue boat (sped , was speeding) towards us when it suddenly (capsized , was capsizing). 9 We (waited , were waiting) at the lobby but then no one (turned , was turning) up. 10 We (were forgiving , forgave) them as they (only pulled , were only pulling) our legs. Practice U1_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 4 14/09/2022 5:47 PM
5 C Fill in the blanks with the correct past continuous or past simple. 10 1 We (to be) not of great help when the beggar (plead) for food. 2 The child (sleep) soundly when she (scream) suddenly. 3 Many people (jump) queue before the police (come). 4 The couple (stroll) in the park when a tree branch (fall) in front of them. 5 Molly (cook) when the door bell (ring). 6 The students (make) a lot of noise before the class monitor (shout) “Quiet!” 7 At that time, I (to be) not aware that the thieves (ransack) our house. 8 Our soursop tree (grow) well before I (leave) for further studies. 9 The children (to be) not (study) when their parents (to be) out. 10 The fire engine (rush) to the scene of the accident while some outsiders (attend) to the injured. D Complete the sentences below by matching the sentences on the left 6 with the sentences on the right. 1 While I was attending to the injured, 2 Dave was swinging on a branch 3 We were patiently waiting for food 4 Weren’t you studying 5 No one heard us 6 We knew that when it suddenly snapped. a doctor came. Jim was just pulling our legs. when the food truck finally came. when your parents were out? when we were calling for help. U1_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 5 14/09/2022 5:47 PM
6 E Rewrite the sentences below in the correct order. 6 1 when a bird / I was doing / flew into the house / my homework 2 The lady / out of the car / was getting / someone shouting at her / when she heard 3 had a fight / The headmaster / when the boys / was passing by 4 was transferred / at the orphanage / helping them out / she was often / Before Carol 5 it exploded / was gathering speed / The rocket / when suddenly 6 was calling for help / The couple / heard them / but no one / in the lift F Based on each picture, complete the sentence with the correct past 5 continuous and past simple. 1 The dog at a stranger who outside the gate. 2 The lifeguard towards the swimmer who in trouble. 3 The shopkeeper the shop when two robbers suddenly. 4 James a science experiment when there an explosion. 5 Aida her drink when someone out to her. U1_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 6 14/09/2022 5:47 PM
7 G Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct past continuous or past simple 6 from the box below. were … doing didn’t … go were praying Weren’t … playing wasn’t cooking Weren’t … dreaming wasn’t feeling came shouted called visited heard 1 Why she to see a doctor when she well? 2 What you when someone “Fire! Fire!”? 3 you with your pet dog when the stranger ? 4 you when Ms Green you? 5 Sarah when Angie her. 6 We at that moment when we a strange sound. H Join the sentences together by using the past continuous and past simple. 6 Example: Nora was feeling jittery. She passed out. Nora was feeling jittery before she passed out. 1 Janice was playing the piano. The courier van came. 2 Joe was reading the newspaper. Someone called out his name. 3 We were crossing the road. A car honked at us. 4 The ambulance was speeding towards the scene of the accident. It skidded and turned turtle. 5 The children were playing merrily by themselves. They heard an explosion. 6 The athlete was doing some vigorous exercises. He collapsed. U1_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 7 14/09/2022 5:47 PM
8 I Study the picture carefully. Then complete the passage by filling in the 23 blanks with the verbs provided. It (1) (rain) heavily when we (2) (go) to bed. The weather was cold, so we (3) (can) sleep well. We (4) (sleep) soundly when we suddenly we (5) (hear) someone shouting “Flood! Flood!” We (6) (wake) up in an instant. It (7) (to be) around daybreak. While we (8) (rush) down the stairs, we (9) (see) water everywhere. Our furniture including the TV set was half submerged in water. Our dog (10) (bark) frantically outside the house. We (11) (wade) through the water to the door. As we (12) (open) it, we (13) (see) our dog that (14) (stand) on the car bonnet. Many items (15) (float) in the water: wood, plastic bottles, tins, furniture and some carcasses. As the water (16) (move) by slowly, we (17) (attempt) to salvage whatever useable items. A flood relief team (18) (work) nonstop, to provide whatever help (19) (need). At noon, while we (20) (wait) for help, a van (21) (come) along with free packed food. We (22) (queue) up orderly while the free meal (23) (distributed). U1_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 8 14/09/2022 5:47 PM
9 Checkpoint A Read the passage below and fill in the blanks by choosing the best option. 14 It was a bright and sunny morning. As we (1) (get) ready to swim, Mom (2) (remind) us to be careful and not to go far out in the sea. We (3) (splash) merrily in the water when suddenly we (4) (hear) someone shouting “Help! Help!” I (5) (notice) that a boy (6) (struggle) in the water some distance away. At the same time, a lifeguard (7) (respond) as he (8) (swim) swiftly towards the boy. When he successfully (9) (bring) the boy to the shore, he (10) (pant) heavily. While the lifeguard (11) (apply) first aid on the boy, we (12) (hear) the siren of an ambulance. We (13) (commend) the lifeguard but he said he (14) only his duty. 1 A got B were getting 2 A reminded B was reminding 3 A were splashing B splashed 4 A heard B were hearing 5 A was noticing B noticed 6 A struggled B was struggling 7 A was responding B responded 8 A swam B was swimming 9 A was bringing B brought 10 A was panting B panted 11 A applied B was applying 12 A were hearing B heard 13 A commended B were commending 14 A was, doing B were, did U1_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 9 14/09/2022 5:47 PM
10 B Choose the option that shows the correct use of past continuous with past simple. 6 We (cook) dinner. The gas (run) out. A While we cooked dinner, the gas was running out. B While we were cooking dinner, the gas ran out. C While we cooked dinner, the gas ran out. 7 It (get) dark. We quickly (pack) up. A As it was getting dark, we quickly packed up. B As it was dark, we were quickly packing up. C As it was getting dark, we were quickly packing up. 8 The elephants (cross) the bridge. The bridge (collapse) suddenly. A While the elephants crossed the bridge, it collapsed suddenly. B The elephants were crossing the bridge when it was collapsing. C While the elephants were crossing the bridge, it collapsed suddenly. 9 The couple (trap) in a car. They (scream) for help. A When the couple was trapped in a car, they were screaming for help. B The couple was trapping in a car as they screamed for help. C The couple was trapping in a car as they were screaming for help. 10 There (to be) a blackout. The police (work) round the clock. A There was being a blackout as the police were working round the clock. B When there was a blackout, the police were working round the clock. C There was a blackout so the police worked round the clock. 10 1 The student (dream). Ms Green (call) his name. A The student dreamt when Ms Green called his name. B The student was dreaming when Ms Green was calling his name. C The student was dreaming when Ms Green called his name. 2 We (watch) birds. Suddenly there (to be) a loud bang. A We were watching birds when suddenly there was a loud bang. B While we watched birds, there was a loud bang. C We watched birds when there was a loud bang. 3 We (stay) at the bungalow. It (become) haunted later. A We were staying at the bungalow, after which it became haunted. B We stayed at the bungalow when it became haunted soon after. C We stayed at the bungalow when it was becoming haunted soon after. 4 The scouts (trek) up the hill. One of them (have) a cramp. A The scouts trekked up the hill when one of them was having a cramp. B While the scouts were trekking up the hill, one of them had a cramp. C The scouts were trekking up the hill when one of them was having a cramp. 5 We (to be) busy (prepare) for an outing. It (start) to rain. A When we were busy preparing for an outing, it started to rain. B As we prepared for an outing, it was starting to rain. C While we prepared for an outing, it started to rain. U1_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 10 14/09/2022 5:47 PM
98 40 minutes A Underline the correct answer. 1 As Lee (cycled , was cycling) along the road, he saw a stranger waving at him. 2 The boy was struggling in the water when the lifeguard (arrived , was arriving). 3 Rozita has started working in the company (since , for) the beginning of this month. 4 The Lim family has stayed in the new house (since , for) six months already. 5 When I was there as a boy, I (used to , was used to) catch spiders. 6 The mouse (caught , was caught) by the cat. 7 I think I (am going to , will go) to the bookshop alone. 8 For Roy, eating nasi lemak is (good enough , as good). 9 If I have a choice, I (will buy , am going to buy) the green blouse. 10 (Will , Would) you welcome the guests if they turn up early? 11 The new set of furniture is (made of , made from) wood. 12 You won’t register for the race, (won’t you , will you)? 13 Linda (has decided , will decide) to study at Warwick University. B Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. 1 Zul was strumming his guitar when someone (call) out his name. 2 Grandpa (do) the crossword puzzle when the door bell rang. 3 What you if you are stranded on an island? 4 We not (visit) any country since the pandemic started. 5 How long you (work) as a teacher? 6 If you are the principal of the school, what you (do)? 7 What (happen) to us if we don’t abide by the rules? 8 The cat (chase) by a dog until it climbed up a tree. 9 Those who do not wear their face masks (stop) from entering the hypermarket. Test 1 Test 1-5_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 98 20/09/2022 4:49 PM
99 10 It’s going to rain, isn’t it? Yes, . 11 you (come) for the trip? No, I won’t. 12 You haven’t completed your work, ? 13 No one has donated anything, ? C Circle the correct option. 1 When I was twelve years old, I hike up the hill. A used to B was used to C was being used to 2 When Sally was in primary school, she have short hair. A was used to B used to C was keeping 3 How long you in the school? A had, taught B were, teaching C have, taught 4 Dave was busy distributing food when someone him to stop. A told B was telling C has told 5 Dad was trimming the branches when suddenly a squirrel . A has appeared B appeared C was appearing 6 I the live telecast when suddenly there was a blackout. A watched B had watched C was watching 7 Daud for the badminton tournament. A registered B has registered C is registering 8 you heard the news? We can travel again. A Haven’t B Did C Had 9 I think I skip my breakfast today. A am not going to B won’t C am going to 10 you get the bicycle repaired today? A Will, bring B Are, to repair C Are, going to 11 If we have saved up enough money, we for a holiday. A will go B would go C should go 12 If you follow the SOP strictly, you nothing to fear. A had B will have C didn’t have 13 No one is daring enough to scale the peak, ? A aren’t they B do they C are they Test 1-5_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 99 20/09/2022 4:49 PM
100 D Based on the pictures and words provided, complete the sentences below. 1 flower pot / broken / boy A flower pot 2 help / elderly / cross road A girl 3 frying pan / made / aluminium The frying pan 4 trimmed / gardener The branches of the tree 5 fly / kite / sky A youth 6 money / buy / mountain bike If I have 7 chance / visit / theme park I hope 8 used to / play tops / friends When I was a boy, 9 teach / twenty years The teacher 10 painting / house / since The painter has been 11 just as expensive as / imported fruits Local fruits are Test 1-5_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 100 20/09/2022 4:49 PM
119 PRACTICE A 1 was/were calling, called 2 was/were seeking, sought 3 was/were responding, responded 4 was/were examining, examined 5 was/were burning, burnt 6 was/were cutting, cut 7 was/were feeding, fed 8 was/were recovering, recovered 9 was/were planning, planned 10 was/were rescuing, rescued B 1 were walking, saw 2 were going, asked 3 became, was speeding 4 was taking, dropped 5 was arguing, came 6 were exploring, slipped 7 was bleeding, attended 8 was speeding, capsized 9 were waiting, turned 10 forgave, were only pulling C 1 were, was pleading 2 was sleeping, screamed 3 were jumping, came 4 was strolling, fell 5 was cooking, rang 6 were making, shouted 7 was, were ransacking 8 was growing, left 9 were, studying, were 10 was rushing, attended D 1 While I was attending to the injured, a doctor came. 2 Dave was swinging on a branch when it suddenly snapped. 3 We were patiently waiting for food when the food truck finally came. 4 Weren’t you studying when your parents were out? 5 No one heard us when we were calling for help. 6 We knew that Jim was just pulling our legs. E 1 I was doing my homework when a bird flew into the house. 2 The lady was getting out of the car when she heard someone shouting at her. 3 The headmaster was passing by when the boys had a fight. 4 Before Carol was transferred, she was often helping them out at the orphanage. 5 The rocket was gathering speed when suddenly it exploded. Unit 1 6 The couple in the lift was calling for help but no one heard them. F 1 was barking, was 2 was swimming, was 3 was closing, appeared 4 was doing, was 5 was sipping, called G 1 didn’t, go, wasn’t feeling 2 were, doing, shouted 3 Weren’t, playing, came 4 Weren’t, dreaming, called 5 wasn’t cooking, visited 6 were praying, heard H 1 While Janice was playing the piano, the courier van came. 2 Joe was reading the newspaper when someone called out his name. 3 We were crossing the road when suddenly a car honked at us. 4 The ambulance was speeding towards the scene of the accident when it skidded and turned turtle. 5 The children were playing merrily by themselves when they heard an explosion. 6 While the athlete was doing some vigorous exercises, he collapsed. I 1 was raining 2 went 3 could 4 were sleeping 5 heard 6 woke 7 was 8 were rushing 9 saw 10 was barking 11 waded 12 opened 13 saw 14 was standing 15 were floating 16 was moving 17 attempted 18 was working 19 needed 20 were waiting 21 came 22 queued 23 was being distributed CHECKPOINT A 1 B 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 B 9 B 10 A 11 B 12 B 13 A 14 A B 1 C 2 A 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 C 9 A 10 B Unit 2 PRACTICE A 1 used to have 2 used to fly Answer_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 119 20/09/2022 5:14 PM
120 3 used to sell 4 used to get up 5 used to be 6 used to be 7 used to eat 8 used to be 9 used to visit 10 used to cycle B 1 Nila didn’t use to sleep well on a canvas bed. 2 I didn’t use to communicate with my parents by public phone. 3 Amy didn’t use to learn ballet when she was in Year One. 4 Emily didn’t use to live in the apartment with her friends. 5 We didn’t use to have a carpet in the house. 6 Our parents didn’t use to eat out every weekend. 7 Joe didn’t use to wear T-shirts then. 8 There didn’t use to be a cobbler’s corner there. C 1 did not use to 2 Didn’t, use to 3 did use to 4 didn’t use to 5 Did, use to 6 Didn’t, use to D 1 Did the twins use to argue with each other? 2 Didn’t the stranger use to beg for money? 3 Did Grandpa use to see bullock carts 50 years ago? 4 Didn’t we use to have an oven then? 5 Did Mrs Tan use to have a maid to clean the house? 6 Did Ms Lim use to sing to entertain you all? 7 Did you use to visit your friends during festive seasons? 8 Did Chong Wei use to play badminton in the open court? E 1 used to be 2 used to 3 didn’t use to have 4 didn’t use to 5 used to be 6 used to play 7 used to see 8 used to be F 1 I used to be afraid of spiders. 2 when we visited our grandparents in the village. 3 which passed away five years ago. 4 as pocket money for school. 5 when I was in primary school. 6 as my mother was the sole breadwinner. G 1 Yes, he used to be a salesman. / No, he didn’t use to be a salesman. 2 Yes, I used to cry when I saw a stranger. / No, I didn’t use to cry when I saw a stranger. 3 Yes, I used to train hard before I became a sportsman. / No, I didn’t use to train hard before I became a sportsman. 4 Yes, I used to hike up the hill often. / No, I didn’t use to hike up the hill often. 5 Yes, my Dad used to take me to school. / No, my Dad didn’t use to take me to school. 6 Yes, I used to wash my shoes every weekend. / No, I didn’t use to wash my shoes every weekend. 7 Yes, I used to play video games when I was in Year One. / No, I didn’t use to play video games when I was in Year One. 8 Yes, I used to play in the rain when I was a child. / No, I didn’t use to play in the rain when I was a child. H 1 used to tell 2 used to cycle 3 used to take 4 used to ride 5 used to wash 6 didn’t use to have 7 used to eat 8 used to buy 9 used to make 10 didn’t use to like 11 used to listen 12 didn’t use to listen I 1 When young, I used to play truant. 2 When we were children, we didn’t use to choose our own clothes. 3 Before I went to bed, Mother used to read to me. 4 We used to fish at the lake during weekends. 5 Irene used to cook her own meal at home when she was alone. 6 There used to be lots of stinkbugs in our housing estate. CHECKPOINT A 1 A 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 B 8 B 9 B 10 A 11 A 12 B 13 B 14 B 15 A 16 A B 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 B 6 C 7 A 8 A 9 C 10 B Unit 3 PRACTICE A 1 has risen 2 have written 3 has engaged 4 have applied 5 has, visited 6 has, worn 7 has explored 8 has discovered 9 Have, flown 10 have, reached B 1 never 2 never 3 never 4 ever 5 ever 6 never 7 never 8 ever 9 never 10 ever C 1 I have taken part in a canopy walk before. 2 Joe has never paddled a kayak before. 3 Ida has used a sleeping bag before. 4 Tony has flown in a hot-air balloon before. 5 They have not scaled Mt. Kinabalu before. 6 We have explored a limestone cave before. 7 Rita has worked as a beekeeper before. 8 I have not played hopscotch before. 9 The little boy has tasted durian before. 10 I have seen a monitor lizard before. D 1 Have, seen 2 have, watched 3 have, heard 4 have, set 5 have visited 6 Have, come 7 have longed 8 have, explored 9 have, travelled 10 have, gone 11 has planned 12 have heard 13 have, had Answer_1001 A+ QB Grammar Yr6.indd 120 20/09/2022 5:14 PM