Tema 1 Inkuiri dalam Sains Theme 1 Inquiry in Science Unit 1 Kemahiran Saintifik Scientific Skills 1 − 11 Tema 2 Sains Hayat Theme 2 Life Science Unit 2 Manusia Humans 12 − 24 Unit 3 Haiwan Animals 25 − 32 Unit 4 Tumbuh-tumbuhan Plants 33 − 39 Tema 3 Sains Fizikal Theme 3 Physical Science Unit 5 Sifat Cahaya Properties of Light 40 − 51 Unit 6 Bunyi Sound 52 − 59 Unit 7 Tenaga Energy 60 − 69 Tema 4 Sains Bahan Theme 4 Material Science Unit 8 Bahan Materials 70 − 79 Tema 5 Bumi dan Sains Angkasa Theme 5 Earth and Outer Space Unit 9 Bumi Earth 80 – 89 Tema 6 Teknologi dan Kehidupan Lestari Theme 6 Technology and Sustainability of Life Unit 10 Mesin Machines 90 – 99 Ujian Pertengahan Tahun 100 − 114 Pentaksiran Sumatif Ujian Akhir Sesi Akademik (UASA) 115 − 128 Jawapan Answers 129 − 140 ii 00 Kand 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 2 13/10/2023 4:19 PM
12 Peparu Lung Hidung Nose Trakea Trachea A Perbezaan kandungan udara sedutan dan udara hembusan Differences in the content of inhaled air and exhaled air Jenis udara/ Types of air Udara sedutan/ Inhaled air Udara hembusan/ Exhaled air Oksigen/ Oxygen 21% 16% Karbon dioksida/ Carbon dioxide 0.03% 4% Nitrogen/ Nitrogen 78% 78% • Udara sedutan mengandungi lebih banyak kandungan oksigen berbanding udara hembusan. Inhaled air contains more oxygen content than exhaled air. • Udara hembusan mempunyai lebih banyak kandungan karbon dioksida berbanding udara sedutan. Exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide content than inhaled air. B Pergerakan dada semasa menarik dan menghembus nafas Chest movement during inhalation and exhalation Laluan udara semasa menarik nafas: Air passage during inhalation: Hidung ➞ Trakea ➞ Peparu Nose ➞ Trachea ➞ Lungs Laluan udara semasa menghembus nafas: Air passage during exhalation: Peparu ➞ Trakea ➞ Hidung Lungs ➞ Trachea ➞ Nose Menarik nafas Inhaling Menarik nafas Inhalation Menghembus nafas Exhalation Menghembus nafas Exhaling Udara masuk Air is inhaled Udara keluar Air is exhaled Dada menaik dan mengembang Chest moves upwards and expands Dada menurun dan mengempis Chest moves downwards and contracts 2 MANUSIA HUMANS Nota Ringkas/ Short Notes Pernafasan Manusia/ Human Breathing Buku Teks m.s. 23 – 52 02 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 12 19/07/2022 12:06 PM
13 C Kadar pernafasan/ Rate of breathing Kadar pernafasan boleh diperhatikan melalui pergerakan dada dalam satu minit. The rate of breathing can be observed through the chest movements in one minute. Kadar pernafasan rendah Low rate of breathing Kadar pernafasan sederhana Moderate rate of breathing Kadar pernafasan tinggi High rate of breathing Kadar pernafasan bergantung kepada jenis aktiviti. Semakin bertambah jumlah udara diperlukan oleh badan semasa aktiviti, semakin bertambah kadar pernafasan. The rate of breathing depends on the types of activities. The greater the amount of air required by the human body during activity, the higher the rate of breathing. D Menjaga kesihatan peparu/ Maintaining healthy lungs Perkumuhan/ Excretion Proses penyingkiran bahan buangan daripada badan. A process of removing waste products from the body. Penyahtinjaan/ Defecation Proses penyingkiran sisa makanan tidak tercerna daripada badan. A process of removing undigested food from the body. 3 3 7 7 3 7 Perkumuhan dan Penyahtinjaan/ Excretion and Defecation A Maksud perkumuhan dan penyahtinjaan The meaning of excretion and defecation 02 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 13 19/07/2022 12:06 PM
15 A Gerak balas manusia terhadap rangsangan dalam kehidupan harian Human responses to stimuli in daily life Manusia bergerak balas adalah untuk menjaga keselamatan diri Human response is to keep oneself safe Deria bau/ Sense of smell Deria rasa/ Sense of taste Deria penglihatan Sense of sight Deria bunyi Sense of hearing Deria sentuhan Sense of touch Organ: Hidung Organ: Nose Contoh rangsangan: Bau busuk Example of stimuli: Foul smell Contoh gerak balas: Menutup hidung Example of response: Cover the nose Organ: Mata Organ: Eyes Contoh rangsangan: Cahaya lampu Example of stimuli: Bright light Contoh gerak balas: Memejam mata Example of response: Close the eyes Organ: Telinga Organ: Ears Contoh rangsangan: Bunyi ketukan Example of stimuli: Knocking sound Contoh gerak balas: Memandang ke arah sumber bunyi Example of response: Turn towards the source of sound Organ: Kulit Organ: Skin Contoh rangsangan: Objek panas Example of stimuli: Hot object Contoh gerak balas: Menarik tangan Example of response: Retract the hand Organ: Lidah Organ: Tongue Contoh rangsangan: Rasa masam Example of stimuli: Sour taste Contoh gerak balas: Mengeluarkan makanan itu dari mulut Example of response: Remove the food from the mouth B Kepentingan gerak balas manusia terhadap rangsangan The importance of human response towards stimuli 02 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 15 19/07/2022 12:06 PM
16 Standard Pembelajaran/ Learning Standard 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.4 2.1 Pernafasan Manusia/ Human Breathing Buku Teks m.s. 24 – 36 A Kenal pasti dan tuliskan bahagian badan manusia yang terlibat dalam 6 pernafasan. TP1 Identify and write down the parts of the human body involved in breathing. 1. 2. 3. B Lengkapkan tempat kosong dengan laluan udara yang betul. TP2 12 Complete the blanks with the correct air passage. 1. Menarik nafas Inhaling 2. Menghembus nafas Exhaling C Berdasarkan proses pernafasan berikut, gariskan jawapan yang betul 12 bagi pernyataan yang diberikan. TP3 Based on the following breathing processes, underline the correct answer for the given statements. 1. Semasa (menarik ✤ menghembus) nafas, dada akan bergerak naik dan (mengecut ✤ mengembang). Peparu juga akan (mengembang ✤ mengecut) dan udara akan masuk ke dalam peparu. During (inhalation ✤ exhalation), the chest moves upwards and (contracts ✤ expands). The lungs will also (expand ✤ contract) and air will enter the lungs. Menghidu gam Glue sniffing Minum minuman beralkohol Alcohol consumption Penyalahgunaan dadah Drug abuse Tabiat yang perlu dihindari/ Habits to be avoided C Tabiat yang perlu dihindari supaya kerosakan pada organ deria dapat dielakkan Avoid habits that can damage sensory organs Praktis/ Practice 02 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 16 19/07/2022 12:06 PM
24 A Jawab soalan berikut. 8 Answer the following questions. 1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu aktiviti yang dilakukan oleh seorang murid. Diagram 1 shows an activity carried out by a pupil. (a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kadar pernafasan? What is the meaning of the rate of breathing? (b) Bulatkan kadar pernafasan yang mungkin bagi murid dalam Rajah 1. Circle the possible rate of breathing for the pupil in Diagram 1. Rendah Sederhana Tinggi Low Moderate High (c) Pada pendapat kamu, mengapakah murid bernafas dengan laju apabila melakukan aktiviti tersebut? KBAT Menganalisis In your opinion, why does the pupil breathe fast when doing the activity? HOTS Analysing (d) Berikan satu amalan buruk yang perlu dihindari oleh murid tersebut bagi menjaga kesihatan organ pernafasannya. Give a bad practice that should be avoided by the pupil to maintain the health of breathing organs. 2. Lengkapkan Rajah 2 dengan organ perkumuhan yang betul. Complete Diagram 2 with the correct excretion organs. (a) (b) (c) Organ perkumuhan Excretion organs Rajah 2/ Diagram 2 3. Apakah yang akan terjadi sekiranya proses perkumuhan tidak berlaku dengan baik? What will happen if the excretion process is not carried out properly? Sudut Uji Diri/ Self-Assessment Corner Tahap Penguasaan/ Performance Level TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 TP6 Rajah 1/ Diagram 1 02 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 24 19/07/2022 12:06 PM
25 Insang/ Gills Spirakel/ Spiracles Kulit lembap/ Moist skin A Haiwan yang mempunyai satu organ pernafasan Animals with one breathing organ Ikan Fish Belalang Grasshopper Cacing Worm Peparu/ Lungs Burung Bird Buaya Crocodile Ikan paus Whale Lebah Bee Rama-rama Butterfly Ulat beluncas Caterpillar Ketam Crab Udang Prawn Berudu Tadpole Lintah Freshwater leech Pacat Land leech 3 HAIWAN ANIMALS Nota Ringkas/ Short Notes Organ Pernafasan Haiwan/ Breathing Organs of Animals Buku Teks m.s. 53 – 68 03 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 25 13/07/2022 10:17 AM
28 Standard Pembelajaran/ Learning Standard 3.1.1 3.2.2 3.1 Organ Pernafasan Haiwan/ Breathing Organs of Animals Buku Teks m.s. 54 – 57 A Labelkan organ pernafasan haiwan yang berikut. TP1 8 Label the breathing organs of the following animals. 1. 2. 3. 4. 3.2 Haiwan Vertebrata/ Vertebrates Buku Teks m.s. 58 – 63 A Rajah di bawah menunjukkan peta pemikiran bagi haiwan vertebrata 18 dan invertebrata. TP2 The diagram below shows the thinking map of vertebrates and invertebrates. 1. Senaraikan beberapa contoh haiwan vertebrata dan invertebrata dalam peta pemikiran di bawah. List some examples of vertebrates and invertebrates in the following thinking map. Pengelasan haiwan Classification of animals Contoh haiwan Examples of animals Vertebrata Vertebrates (a) (b) (c) (d) Invertebrata Invertebrates (e) (f) (g) (h) as 2. Manusia boleh dikelaskan ke dalam kumpulan kerana mempunyai tulang belakang. Human can be classified into the group of because they have backbones. Praktis/ Practice 03 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 28 13/07/2022 10:17 AM
29 B Tandakan (✓) bagi ciri khusus setiap kumpulan vertebrata di bawah. TP3 10 Mark (✓) for the specific characteristics for each group of vertebrates below. 1. Mamalia Mammals Berdarah panas/ Warm-blooded Berdarah sejuk/ Cold-blooded 2. Ikan Fish Bernafas menggunakan insang/ Breathe using the gills Berdarah panas/ Warm-blooded 3. Burung Birds Berdarah sejuk/ Cold-blooded Badan dilitupi bulu pelepah/ Body covered with feathers 4. Reptilia Reptiles Berkulit lembap/ Moist skin Suhu darah berubah mengikut suhu persekitaran Blood temperature changes with surrounding temperature 5. Amfibia Amphibians Berdarah sejuk/ Cold-blooded Badan bersisik/ Body covered with scales C Kelaskan haiwan vertebrata berikut mengikut kumpulan yang betul. TP4 20 Classify the following vertebrates according to the correct group. Standard Pembelajaran/ Learning Standard 3.2.3 Penguin Penguin Katak Frog Lembu Cow Penyu Turtle Salamander Salamander Ayam Chicken Ikan pari Stingray Ular Snake Mamalia Mammals Reptilia Reptiles Burung Birds Amfibia Amphibians Ikan Fish Ikan paus Whale Kuda laut Seahorse 03 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 29 13/07/2022 10:17 AM
31 A Jawab soalan berikut. 15 Answer the following questions. 1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan dua ekor haiwan yang mempunyai persamaan dari segi organ pernafasan. Diagram 1 shows two animals that have similarities in their breathing organ. Rajah 1/ Diagram 1 (a) Apakah organ pernafasan bagi kedua-dua haiwan ini? What are the breathing organs of these two animals? (b) Apakah kelebihan kedua-dua haiwan di atas berbanding dengan haiwan yang mempunyai satu organ pernafasan? What is the advantage of these two animals compared to animals with one breathing organ? (c) Nyatakan satu haiwan lain yang boleh dikelaskan dalam kumpulan yang sama seperti kedua-dua haiwan di atas. State one other animal that can be classified in the same group as these two animals. 2. Lengkapkan organ pernafasan dalam Rajah 2 berdasarkan contoh haiwan yang diberikan. Complete the breathing organs in Diagram 2 based on the examples of the animals given. Organ pernafasan haiwan/ Breathing organs of animals (a) Peparu/ Lungs (b) Insang/ Gills • Ikan paus/ Whale • Kucing/ Cat • Ketam/ Crab • Udang/ Prawn • Lipas/ Cockroach • Belalang/ Grasshopper • Katak/ Frog • Siput/ Snail Rajah 2/ Diagram 2 Sudut Uji Diri/ Self-Assessment Corner 03 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 31 13/07/2022 10:17 AM
32 3. Rajah 3 menunjukkan dua jenis haiwan yang berbeza kumpulan. Diagram 3 shows two types of animals from different groups. (a) Tandakan (✓) bagi haiwan vertebrata. Mark (✓) for vertebrates. Rajah 3/ Diagram 3 (b) Namakan kumpulan haiwan bagi jawapan kamu di 3(a). Name the animal group for your answer in 3(a). 4. Nyatakan satu ciri persamaan antara haiwan dalam kumpulan mamalia dan burung. KBAT Menganalisis State a similar characteristic of animals in the group of mammals and birds. HOTS Analysing 5. Padankan ciri yang dinyatakan dengan kumpulan haiwan yang betul. Match the given characteristics with the correct animal group. (a) Badan haiwan yang diliputi oleh kulit lembap dan suhu badan yang berubah mengikut suhu persekitaran. Animals with moist skin and their body temperature changes with surrounding temperature. Haiwan yang boleh mengekalkan suhu badan dan badannya diliputi oleh bulu pelepah. Animals that can maintain their body temperature and have bodies covered with feathers. Reptilia Reptiles Burung Birds Mamalia Mammals Amfibia Amphibians (b) 6. Lengkapkan pengelasan bagi haiwan vertebrata dalam Rajah 4 dengan contoh haiwan yang sesuai. Complete the classification of vertebrates in Diagram 4 with appropriate examples of animals. Ayam/ Chicken Burung/ Bird (a) Kerbau/ Cow Harimau/ Tiger Memerang/ Otter Cicak/ Lizard Buaya/ Crocodile (b) Haiwan vertebrata/ Vertebrates Rajah 4/ Diagram 4 Tahap Penguasaan/ Performance Level TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 TP6 03 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 32 13/07/2022 10:17 AM
100 1. Apakah perbezaan antara udara sedutan dengan udara hembusan? What is the difference between inhaled and exhaled air? A Udara hembusan mempunyai kurang kandungan oksigen berbanding dengan udara sedutan Exhaled air has less oxygen content compared to inhaled air B Udara hembusan mempunyai lebih banyak kandungan oksigen berbanding dengan udara sedutan Exhaled air has more oxygen content compared to inhaled air C Udara hembusan mempunyai kurang wap air berbanding dengan udara sedutan Exhaled air has less water vapour compared to inhaled air D Udara hembusan mempunyai kurang kandungan karbon dioksida berbanding dengan udara sedutan Exhaled air has less carbon dioxide content compared to inhaled air 2. Antara persekitaran berikut, yang manakah boleh mengganggu pernafasan manusia? Which of the following environments can disturb human breathing? A B C D BAHAGIAN A [10 markah] [10 marks] Jawab semua soalan. Answer all questions. UF 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 100 13/10/2023 5:02 PM
105 BAHAGIAN B [8 markah] [8 marks] Jawab semua soalan. Answer all questions. 1. (a) Padankan organ berikut dengan proses hidup yang betul. Match the following organs with the correct living process. Organ Organ Proses hidup Living process (i) (ii) [2 markah] [2 marks] (b) Nyatakan organ deria yang terlibat bagi situasi berikut. State the sensory organ involved for the following situations. Situasi Situation Organ deria Sensory organ (i) Merasa kopi tanpa gula Tasted coffee without sugar (ii) Menyentuh ais di dalam gelas Touch an ice in a glass [2 markah] [2 marks] Pernafasan Breathing Perkumuhan Excretion Penyahtinjaan Defecation UF 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 105 13/10/2023 5:02 PM
107 BAHAGIAN C [32 markah] [32 marks] Jawab semua soalan. Answer all questions. 1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan seekor haiwan yang hidup di lautan. Diagram 1 shows an animal that lives in the ocean. Rajah 1 Diagram 1 (a) Namakan organ pernafasan bagi haiwan dalam rajah di atas. Nama the breathing organ of the animal in the above diagram. [1 markah] [1 mark] (b) Katak dapat hidup di darat dan di air kerana mempunyai dua organ pernafasan. Nyatakan organ-organ pernafasan tersebut. Frogs can live on land and in water because they have two breathing organs. State the breathing organs. • • [2 markah] [2 marks] (c) Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan ciri-ciri haiwan dalam satu kumpulan vertebrata. The information below shows the characteristics of a group of vertebrate animals. • Bernafas dengan peparu Breathe with the lungs • Bertelur Lay eggs • Berbulu pelepah Has feathers UF 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 107 13/10/2023 5:02 PM
115 1. Mengapakah bahan buangan perlu dikeluarkan daripada badan manusia? Why must waste products be removed from the human body? A Bahan buangan tidak diperlukan lagi oleh badan Waste products are no longer needed by the body B Bahan buangan boleh menyebabkan berat badan manusia bertambah Waste products can cause weight gain C Bahan buangan boleh menjadi sisa toksik yang merosakkan organ dalaman Waste products can become toxic that damage internal organs D Bahan buangan boleh menjejaskan organ deria manusia Waste products can affect human sensory organs 2. Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu gerak balas manusia. Diagram 1 shows a human respond. Rajah 1 Diagram 1 Berdasarkan Rajah 1, mengapakah manusia bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan? Based on Diagram 1, why do humans respond to stimuli? A Gerak balas merupakan satu proses hidup manusia Respond is one of the humans living process B Gerak balas dapat mengelakkan manusia daripada tercedera Respond can prevent humans from injury C Gerak balas menjadikan manusia lebih cergas Respond makes humans healthier D Gerak balas menyebabkan manusia lebih peka pada persekitaran Respond makes humans more sensitive to the surroundings BAHAGIAN A [10 markah] [10 marks] Jawab semua soalan. Answer all questions. Pentaksiran Sumatif Ujian Akhir Sesi Akademik (UASA) PS 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 115 20/03/2023 2:15 PM
120 BAHAGIAN B [8 markah] [8 marks] Jawab semua soalan. Answer all questions. 1. Vertebrata boleh dikelaskan lagi kepada beberapa kumpulan. Lengkapkan kumpulan vertebrata tersebut dalam Rajah 1. Vertebrates can be further classified into several groups. Complete the group of vertebrates in Diagram 1. Reptilia Reptiles Vertebrata Vertebrates Rajah 1 Diagram 1 [4 markah] [4 marks] PS 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 120 20/03/2023 2:15 PM
122 BAHAGIAN C [32 markah] [32 marks] Jawab semua soalan. Answer all questions. 1. Azila menjalankan satu penyiasatan untuk mengkaji kesan aktiviti fizikal ke atas kadar pernafasan manusia. Jadual 1 menunjukkan bacaan denyutan nadi yang diperolehi apabila dia selesai menjalankan aktiviti yang berbeza. Azila carried out an investigation to study the effect of physical activity on human breathing rate. Table 1 shows the pulse readings obtained when she completed different activities. Jadual 1 Table 1 Jenis aktiviti Type of activity Berehat Resting Berjalan Walking Berlari Running Kadar denyutan nadi Rate of pulse 80 115 155 (a) Apakah definisi kadar pernafasan? What is the definition of breathing rate? [1 markah] [1 mark] (b) Nyatakan pemerhatian yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi. State the observations that can be made based on the information given. [1 markah] [1 mark] (c) Berdasarkan penyiasatan, nyatakan maklumat berikut. Based on the investigation, state the following informations. (i) Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi: Manipulated variable (ii) Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Responding variable [2 markah] [2 marks] PS 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 122 20/03/2023 2:15 PM
129 Unit 1 PRAKTIS/ PRACTICE A 1. Bilangan tikus yang paling banyak adalah pada bulan April. The largest number of rats was in April. 2. Bilangan tikus pada bulan Julai bertambah kerana pengurangan bilangan ular. The number of rats in July increased because the number of snakes had decreased. B 1. Jisim/ Mass 2. Ketinggian / saiz badan Height / body size 3. Semakin bertambah masa, semakin bertambah jisim badan. Body mass increases with time. C 1. Sangat terang Very bright 2. Berkurang Decreases 3. Apabila bilangan mentol yang digunakan bertambah, maka kecerahan mentol berkurang. As the number of bulbs increases, the brightness of the bulb decreases. D 1. Jisim Mass 2. Tumbesaran kucing ditunjukkan oleh pertambahan jisim badan kucing. The growth of the cat is shown by the increase of body mass of the cat. E 1. (a) Luas permukaan sapu tangan yang dijemur Surface area of the handkerchief (b) Jenis sapu tangan Type of handkerchief (c) Masa untuk kering Time taken to dry 2. Semakin bertambah luas permukaan sapu tangan yang dijemur, semakin berkurang masa yang diambil untuk kering. As the surface area of the handkerchief increases, the time taken to dry decreases. 3. (a) Semakin bertambah ketebalan sapu tangan, semakin bertambah masa yang diambil untuk sapu tangan kering. As the thickness of the handkerchief increases, the time taken to dry increases. (b) Saiz sapu tangan / tempat penyiasatan Size of the handkerchief / location of investigation F 1. (a) Bilangan bateri digunakan Number of batteries used (b) Kecerahan mentol Brightness of the bulb 2. Semakin bertambah bilangan bateri, semakin bertambah kecerahan mentol. As the number of batteries used increases, the brightness of the bulb increases. 3. (a) Sangat terang Very bright (b) Ya Yes SUDUT UJI DIRI/ SELF-ASSESSMENT CORNER A 1. (a) Masa yang diambil untuk mengeringkan kertas turas semakin berkurang. The time taken to dry the filter paper decreases. (b) Masa yang diambil untuk mengeringkan kertas turas ditunjukkan oleh masa kertas turas mula dijemur sehingga kertas turas itu kering sepenuhnya. The time taken to dry the filter paper is shown by the time the filter paper begins to dry until it is completely dried. (c) (i) kelajuan kipas fan speed (ii) masa yang diambil untuk mengeringkan kertas turas time taken to dry the filter paper (iii) saiz kertas turas / jenis kertas turas size of filter paper / type of filter paper (d) Semakin bertambah kelajuan kipas, semakin berkurang masa yang diambil untuk mengeringkan kertas turas. As the fan speed increases, the time taken to dry the filter paper decreases. 2. (a) Berkurang Decreases (b) Semakin bertambah tahun, semakin berkurang rizab petroleum. The petroleum reserves decrease with time. Jaw 1001A+ Sains Thn 4.indd 129 22/07/2022 8:54 AM