Form 4 UNIT 1 Intensifiers 1 UNIT 2 Used to and Would 8 UNIT 3 Would (for Imaginary Situations) 14 UNIT 4 Be Able to / Can / Manage to 20 UNIT 5 I Wish 27 UNIT 6 Zero, First and Second Conditionals 34 UNIT 7 Either…or / Neither…nor 41 UNIT 8 Reflexive Pronouns 48 UNIT 9 Reported Speech (1) 55 Form 5 UNIT 10 Present Simple (with Stative Verbs) 62 UNIT 11 Present Continuous (with Stative Verbs) 69 UNIT 12 Relative Clauses 76 UNIT 13 Past Simple 83 UNIT 14 Past Continuous 90 UNIT 15 Used to / Would / Get / Get used to 97 UNIT 16 Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous 104 UNIT 17 Past Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Continuous 111 UNIT 18 Future Simple and Future Continuous 118 UNIT 19 Future Perfect Simple and Future Perfect Continuous 125 UNIT 20Modals (1) 132 UNIT 21 Modals (2) 139 UNIT 22 The Passive (1) 146 UNIT 23 The Passive (2) 153 UNIT 24 Third and Mixed Conditionals 160 UNIT 25 Gerunds and Infinitives 167 UNIT 26 Comparisons of Adjectives and Adverbs 174 UNIT 27 Reported Speech (2) 181 UNIT 28 Causative Forms 188 UNIT 29 Wishes and Preferences 195 UNIT 30 Questions, Responses and Question Tags 202 UNIT 31 Not only…but also / Had better / It’s about (high) time 209 ii CONTENTS
UNIT 1 INTENSIFIERS Intensifiers Usage • Used as adverbs to describe adjectives or phrases • To strengthen the meaning of an expression or show emphasis • To weaken the meaning of an expression • E.g. so, too, such, very, enough, at all is/are was/were Affirmative isn’t/aren’t wasn’t/weren’t Negative Yes/No Question and Answer Type 1
Examples of intensifiers too, so, such, at all, enough, extremely, highly, completely, really, totally, very, absolutely, rather, really, utterly, etc. Usage of Intensifiers Usage Example a. Used as adverbs to describe about an adjective or phrase • The weather last night was very cold. • The little girl is so adorable. • The octogenarian was such a sport. b. Used to strengthen the meaning of an expression or show emphasis • The scouts are too eager to help others. • Mrs Lim cooks very delicious dishes. • The kid is so good at doing maths. c. Used to weaken the meaning of an expression • Some residents are not helpful at all. • The news is hardly interesting. • It is not such a usable tool as told. 2
Sentence in the affirmative • Alfred completed the task so quickly! • It was such a lovely afternoon. • The guests were very keen to visit the museum. Example of Using Intensifiers Sentence in the negative • He wasn’t patient enough to wait for the results. • The restaurant isn’t too crowded during lunch. • The trip to the island wasn’t really interesting. Question Answer • Are you very scared of climbing up the steep hill? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. • Were the tourists totally amazed by the scene? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. • Weren’t you rather annoyed by the noise? No, I wasn’t. / Yes, I was. • Isn’t Bob acting very strange of late? No, he isn’t. / Yes, he is. 4
Sample Comment 3. My friend wasn’t angry with my sarcasm. A so C such B enough D really Options B (enough) and C (such) are grammatically wrong. Between A (so) and D (really), the latter is more logical. Answer: D really 4. Ms Molly wasn’t a strict English teacher. A so C very B such D too Options A (so), B (such) and D (too) are not the correct intensifier. They are wrong grammatically. The correct answer is C (very). Answer: C very 6
Evaluation Test Choose the most suitable intensifier for each of the following questions. 1. The speaker spoke with ( such / so / too / enough ) conviction that everyone became convinced. 2. The time given for the contest was ( very / too / enough / such ) short that most of the contestants could not complete their task. 3. The tourists were ( too / so / such / very ) fussy that the guide refused to entertain them. 4. The father told the son that he wasn’t big ( too / so / such / enough ) to make his own decision. 5. The children weren’t ( so / too / such / very ) frightened to talk to the policeman. 6. Weren’t the students very upset by the principal’s remark? Yes, ( they were / they did ). 7
UNIT 5 I WISH I Wish Usage • To talk about regrets from the past • To express would like • To express something which is impossible or unlikely to happen • To talk about ability or possibility Affirmative Negative Question and Answer Type 27
In the Negative Sample Comment 1. I wish I play so much truant during my school days. A didn’t C haven’t B couldn’t D weren’t The simple past is used with wish to express the regret of playing truant. Options B, C and D are not correct grammatically. Answer: A didn’t 2. I wish I so ambitious to venture into business. A weren’t been C couldn’t be B hadn’t been D wasn’t The past perfect tense is used with wish here to show regrets. Options A, C and D are wrong in grammar. Answer: B hadn’t been Choose the best option. 31
Sample Comment 1. Would you like to help yourself to another drink? The question is directed at you. When answering, use the pronoun I. Answer: Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn’t. 2. Didn’t the guests enjoy themselves? The pronoun for the guests is they. Answer in the past tense. Answer: Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t. Questions and Short Answers Give the correct short answer to the question below. 53
Sentence in the affirmative • The police advised us to lodge a report. • The authorities reminded us to stay at home during the MCO. • Ms Ooi informed us that she would visit us again. • The boy denied using the equipment without permission. • Thomas said he wouldn’t accept our apologies. • Liew said he didn’t accuse us of belittling him. Sentence in the negative Example of Using Reported Speech 59
UNIT 10 Present Simple with Stative Verbs Usage • Express thoughts and experience • Express feelings and emotions • Express senses and perceptions Affirmative Negative Question and Answer Type PRESENT SIMPLE (WITH STATIVE VERBS) • Stative verbs are non-action verbs. • They are used to express a state rather than an action. They usually relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, and states of being. NOTE 62
Usage of Present Simple with Stative Verbs Usage Example a. Express thoughts and opinions: believe, doubt, agree, imagine, recognise, remember, etc. • I often dream of my pet dog that died. • We agree with you on this matter. • We always remember your parents. • Sam doesn’t always believe in us. • He doubts if he can do it. b. Express feelings and emotions: be, have, like, dislike, hate, like, love, prefer, wish, etc. • We love to visit the park often. • The foreigners dislike durians. • Dad prefers to eat at home. In the present simple, the stative verbs are used to: 63
In the Negative Sample Comment 1. Bob with Sim regarding the method distributing the food. A is disagreeing C disagrees B disagree D doesn’t agreeing The sentence shows an opinion in the negative. The subject is singular so choose a verb in the singular in the present simple. Answer: C disagrees 2. We the noise of cats in the middle of the night. A dislike C are disliking B never likes D doesn’t like The sentence shows a feeling in the negative. The subject We is in the plural, so choose a verb in the plural. Answer: A dislike Choose the correct options to fill in the blanks. 67
Evaluation Test Underline the correct answer. 1. We often ( disagreed / disagree ) with each other, but we are friends. 2. The children ( don’t remember / remembering ) their grandparents well. 3. Experts ( are believing / believe ) that Covid-19 will take a long time to contain. 4. The children ( love / will be loving ) their pet dog very much. 5. Roy ( imagining / imagines ) too much after reading the comics. 6. The tourists who love ecotourism ( dislike / are disliking ) the city. For questions 7 and 8, provide short answers. 7. Do you feel better today? / Yes, 8. Don’t the children appear to be restless? / No, 68
Sample Comment 1. We do not expect the job employment to improve this year. Use job employment as the subject. The verb in the passive is is not expected. Answer: The job employment is not expected to improve this year. 2. The people think that the government is not sensitive to their plight. Use the impersonal passive It is thought. Answer: It is thought that the government is not sensitive to the plight of the people. In the Negative Change the following active sentences into the passive. 158
Evaluation Test Change the following into personal or impersonal passive. 1. People believe that Sam is a miraculous worker. 2. Most ladies are scared of rats. 3. The police think that the convict had escaped to a foreign country. 4. People regard Mr Brown the best English teacher. 5. We don’t expect a new committee would be appointed. 6. We did not expected the new coach to arrive early. For questions 7 and 8, provide the short answers. 7. Have you been expecting for the lifting of the MCO?/ Yes, 8. Is everyone expecting to be given a school holiday? / No, 159
Sample Comment I complete my assignment first. A would rather C prefer B would like D wish The sentence shows a preference. Options B, C and D are not correct as they require to, e.g. prefer to. Answer: A would rather The student doesn’t to take tuition. A would rather C wish B would prefer D prefer The sentence expresses what the student wants (doesn’t wish to take). Options A and B are wrong grammatically. Both C and D are correct but C is more logical. Answer: C wish Choose the correct option of wish or preference. Sample Practice 200
UNIT 31 NOT ONLY...BUT ALSO, HAD BETTER, IT’S ABOUT (HIGH) TIME… Usage An expression: • To give advice about specific things • To express hope or warning • Used with the intention to avoid negative results Not only...but also had better It’s time/It’s high time/ It’s about time A correlative conjunction: • To create emphasis • To express unexpected information • To add balance to a sentence An expression: • To express that something should be done but that it is already late • To say that the right time has arrived for something • The words high and about are used to add emphasis to the situation 209
Form 4 216 UNIT 1 Intensifiers 1 such 2 too 3 so 4 enough 5 too 6 they were UNIT 2 Used to and Would 1 A 2 A 3 C 4 C 5 B 6 A 7 D 8 B UNIT 3 Would (for Imaginary Situations) 1 would 2 would be 3 would be 4 would be 5 wouldn’t 6 Would 7 Yes, you would. 8 No, I wouldn’t. UNIT 4 Be Able to / Can / Manage to 1 managed to 2 able to 3 be able to 4 be able to 5 can’t 6 managed to 7 Can 8 able to UNIT 5 I Wish 1 had 2 didn’t need 3 could 4 could 5 lived 6 wouldn’t 7 Yes, I did. 8 No, they didn’t. ANSWERS 216
217 UNIT 6 Zero, First and Second Conditionals 1 unless 2 would 3 are 4 allow 5 will die 6 could 7 Yes, I would. / No I wouldn’t. 8 Yes, he would. / No, he wouldn’t. UNIT 7 Either…or / Neither…nor 1 either, or 2 Neither, nor 3 are 4 or 5 are 6 nor 7 Either, or 8 Neither, nor UNIT 8 Reflexive Pronouns 1 (B) himself 2 (C) herself 3 (B) herself 4 (C) herself 5 (C) themselves 6 (C) himself 7 No, he didn’t. 8 Yes, I did. UNIT 9 Reported Speech (1) 1 Aini informed that she would not take part in the debate. 2 Ms Lim requested us to do our work quietly. 3 Dr Sham advised us to take care during the pandemic. 4 He reminded us not to go to crowded places like the malls. 5 She accused us of taking the equipment without permission. 6 Nor denied that she was cruel to animals. 7 The scouts agreed to help us. 8 Simon informed that he would take a break then.