BQS554_ASSIGNMENT 1_GROUP 2

MULTI
STOREY
SMART
BUILDING

DEPARTMENT OF QUANTITY SURVEYING
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING, AND
SURVEYING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PERAK
KAMPUS SERI ISKANDAR

2022 Proposed Building: 3-STOREY
SHOPPING MALL (Commercial

Building)

PREPARED FOR: DR SYED AHMAD QUSOIRI SYED ABDUL KARIM

AP224 4A

GROUP MEMBER

MUHAMMAD HARITH BIN NASIR
2021467822

MALIK RIDHUAN BIN MAHMOOOD
2021853478

MUHAMAD SYAZWAN HANIF BIN MOHD PIKRI
2021491882

NORMAN HAKIM BIN ISMAIL
2021852892

01

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
3.0 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
4.0 MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM
5.0 ELECTRICAL SERVICES SYSTEM
6.0 SPECIAL SERVICES SYSTEM (SECURITY)
7.0 CONCLUSION
8.0 CASE STUDY
9.0 REFERENCES

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the practical purposes
of human life or, as it is frequently stated, to the transformation and manipulation
of the human environment. Today's technological development is the result of
discoveries from experts around the world and evolves over time where it still aims
to improve the quality of life of mankind.

A smart building is a structure that makes use of technology to make the most

productive and cost-effective use of its resources, all while providing a setting that is

secure, healthy, and amenable to its occupants. Smart buildings are those that

make use of a wide variety of currently available technology and are also designed

or modified in a way that makes it possible to incorporate new technological

advances in the future. Sensors connected to the Internet of Things (IoT), building

management systems, artificial intelligence (AI), and augmented reality are just

some of the mechanisms and robotics that could potentially be used in a smart

building to control and optimise the building's performance. Other possible

applications include medical diagnostics and surgical planning.

In Malaysia, smart building is not


a new thing because there are some

famous buildings in Malaysia that

can be categorized as a smart

building. Even though there are

already "smart" structures in

Malaysia, such as the Telekom

Tower and the Petronas Twin

Towers, there is still room for

development and advancement in

this sector. Schneider Electric, for

instance, brought its cutting-edge

knowledge to bear on the Petronas

Twin Towers. It is outfitted with

energy management systems,

security controls, energy and carbon

dashboards, and active energy

controls, all of which are able to

regulate energy use as well as

provide improved control over

security. For this assignment, our

group proposed a multi storey

smart building which is a

commercial building that complete

with all services such a smart fire

protection, smart air conditioning

system, smart mechanical handling

system and many more. 01

2.0 FIRE

PROTECTION

SYSTEM

SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

SMART SMOKE

DETECTOR ACTIVE FIRE

PROTECTION SYSTEM

Fire protection system is one of the important
elements that all building need in order to control
the spread of fire during fire incident. It supported by
Ismail et al., (2014) when it comes to building, fire
protection refers to methods for preventing or
lessening the consequences of fire on the built
environment. Active fire protection is a type of
system that requires some action or movement for
the system to function efficiently and functionally in
the event of a fire. Actions can be manual, like a fire
extinguisher, or automatic, like a sprinkler, but both
require a certain level of action. Examples of active
fire protection include smoke detection systems, fire
extinguishing systems, and sprinkler systems. To
avoid undesired situations, it is important that
citizens are likely to be aware of the capabilities of
each fire protection system.

APPLICATION OF SMOKE


DETECTOR

Due to the high number of fire incidents that occur every day, current
technology is in desperate need of an effective detection system that may
lessen the harm inflicted Jadon et al (2019). One of the best fire protection
technology that important for all types of building is the fire smoke
detectors. A smoke detector sensor picks up smoke as the main sign of a
fire. It produces an audible and visual alert locally in a room or house, or it
sends a signal to a fire alarm system in a big building. Smoke detectors
are typically installed on the roof, where there are fire hazards or risks of
fire and are enclosed in small, spherical plastic cases.

Smoke detectors come in two basic categories: photoelectric and
ionization. An ionization type detects the change in electrical current
flow that triggers the signal, indicating the presence of smoke. In
contrast, a photoelectric type detects the abrupt scattering of light when
smoke enters the detector chamber. The typical lifespan of a smoke
detector is ten years. Periodic testing and battery replacement are
required for sensors. A radioactive substance called Americium is present
in ionization processes. Americium's radiation usually is not hazardous,
but youngsters who swallow it or breathe it in may experience health
problems. Some detectors employ both technologies in addition to heat
detectors when used at home to increase accuracy.

03

SYSTEM OF SMOKE
DETECTOR

IONIZATION SMOKE
SYSTEM

A fire alarm system with an integrated ionization chamber supported
by two plates connected by voltage is known as an ionization smoke
detector. Smoke entering the section displaces electrons already existing
between the two plates, setting off an alarm. This alarm system is shown
to save lives, avoid burn injuries, and save workplace commercial
property from fire damage.

Ionization smoke detectors are unique in that they can sound an
alarm in the event of a fire threat even if the fire source isn't producing
much smoke. It should be noted that not all flames emit a lot of smoke.
This is particularly true in industrial settings where highly combustible
materials (such as wood, paper, and liquids) may result in raging fires
where smoke output is insufficient to trigger the alert on standard
smoke detectors. Ionization smoke detectors have shown to be more
effective in these situations and are quickly started by small amounts
of smoke entering these devices' built-in ionization chambers.

04

INSTALLATION PROCESS

Determine the location of smoke detector
First thing first, determine the location of the smoke


detector in proposed building which is the 3 storey
shopping complex. Determine the all critical spaces in
that building to ensure there are appropriately protected




Turn off the power (hard-wired units only)

Next, the important part on during the installation is to
ensure that the fire alarm on that building is surely turned
off. Turn off the circuit breaker on the electrical panel that is
marked "fire alarm" or something comparable. It might
have an electrical connection to a circuit. Remove the
smoke detector from its mounting bracket and test the
wires with a pen tester to make sure the circuit is off.

Install the smoke detector’s mounting bracket
For smoke detectors that are hard-wired, the bracket needs


to be attached to an electrical box that has already been
installed. In order to install the new bracket, first remove
the two mounting screws from the corners of the electrical
box. Make sure that every wire is inserted into the bracket
simultaneously. Tighten the screws with a screwdriver once
more to prevent the bracket from breaking.

05

INSTALLATION PROCESS

Connect with the power
After that, with the power of
f at the breaker, attach the

hard-wired smoke detectors using the given electrical
connectors. It needs to be attached to the wires that were
previously drawn through the bracket. Make the
connecting wire visible by using the wire remover. The
system wires are twisted into the harness wires using wire
nuts to match the wire colours. Pull on the wires to make
sure they are tightly wound. The smoke detector must be
connected to the connector. Use a wire nut to connect the
yellow and red if the system wires are black, white, and red
but the connection wires are black, white, and yellow.

Attach the smoke detector to the base



Last but not least, this twist-lock technique is
straightforward. Twist the smoke detector clockwise until it
snaps into place while holding it above the bracket. Don't
be alarmed if some battery-powered devices start to beep
or light up at this stage.

Power up and test the smoke detector



Finally, units that run on batteries are prepared. It's time to
turn the power back on if the power had to turn off the
electricity for a hard-wired system. Reset the breaker by
going back down to the electrical panel and doing so. Most
likely, the new detector will beep to let us know that it is
operational. Additionally, the smoke detector may have an
LED light to show that it is powered.

06

BENEFITS

Capability to detect fire more quickly
A smart smoke de
tector has the advantage of detecting a fire
much faster than a traditional smoke detector. A basic smoke
detector detects excessive smoke in a room. Smart smoke
detectors take it a step further by identifying whether a space is
overheating or has had a substantial temperature spike.




Decreased risk of fire damage

Installing a smoke detector may prevent property damage. A smoke
detector allows people to put out a fire before it spreads. Smart smoke
detectors can be designed to alert authorities of a fire. These devices
can send group notifications through app for speedy answers. Without
a smoke detector, a fire can catch you off guard and cause the
unspeakable. Installing a smoke detector in the house or business
building could save a life. A smoke detector alerts people to a fire so
they can call the fire department and get everyone out safely.




Reliability and battery life

According to the recommendations of the vast majority of
specialists, people should inspect the batteries in their smoke
detectors at least once every year. On the other hand, if use a
new battery in the smart smoke detector, it can be certain that it
will function reliably for a significantly longer period of time.
Additionally, it can use the application to check the battery life of
the smart smoke detectors at any time. This functionality is
available around the clock.




07

High maintenance

Due to the high sensitivity of the smoke detectors, there is a possibility that an
error will arise in the alarm's power supply. A disadvantage of a mains system is
that although while the absence of batteries to check or maintain is one of its
advantages, the fact that the alarm is powered by mains energy means that it will
not function if the electrical supply fails. It also suggests that even if there is only
a slight problem, the alarm could still go off at the wrong time. Regular
maintenance must be performed on smoke detectors to ensure that they
remain in good working order and are able to accurately detect any nearby fires
or clouds of smoke

PROBLEMS

One alarm can cause all of them to go off

There are some smoke alarms that can be connected to one another, so that if one
of them detects smoke, it will set off all of the others. This is significant because if
there is a fire in another part of the building, it could cause all of the smoke alarms
to go off, therefore alerting everyone who is in the building. If there have more than
one smoke alarm and even one of them is malfunctioning, all of them will go off
even if there is no fire.

08

FUNCTIONS, CONNECTIONS,
POSITIONS, PRINCIPLE AND SYSTEM




A chamber for ionization is not complicated at all. It is made up of two plates that
have a voltage applied across them, as well as a radioactive source of ionizing radiation
that looks something like this figure

The following attribute is possessed by the alpha particles that are produced by the
americium: The oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the chamber's air are ionized as a result
of their actions. To "knock an electron off of" something is what is meant by the term
"ionize." When an electron is ejected from an atom, it is replaced with a free electron
that has a negative charge, and the atom itself is reduced to having one less electron
(with a positive charge). When there is a positive voltage on the plate, the negatively
charged electron is drawn to it, and when there is a negative voltage on the plate, the
positively charged atom is drawn to it (opposites attract, just like with magnets).
Electronics within the smoke detector are able to pick up on the negligible amount of
electrical current that is represented by electrons and ions flowing in the direction of
the plates.

This current is disrupted when smoke enters the ionization chamber because the
smoke particles attach themselves to the ions and cancel out their charge. When it
detects a decrease in the amount of current flowing between the plates, the smoke
detector will sound the alarm.

09

SPACE IMPLICATIONS

According to our proposed project which is the 3 number of storey height of
building, several different fire prevention standards prescribe detector spacing
based on a certain center-to-center distance between detectors, and these
standards apply only under ideal conditions. In the rooms where these
measurements were taken, the ceilings were flat, and there were no obstructions of
any kind between the protected items and the detectors. In addition, they are based
on the concept that the value of the room's contents and the fact that they are
combustible do not require a higher level of protection or closer spacing than what
is currently in place, which is the maximum ceiling height. According to the
illustration, the smoke detector needs to be installed at a distance of at least 21 feet.

BUILDING REGULATIONS

According to the UBBL 1984, Parts Ill and IV, the smoke detector has to be installed
within 7.5 metres of each floor in the building. This requirement applies to the entire
building. Additionally, it should ideally be located in the middle of the room and at
least 300 millimetres away from any wall or source of illumination. If it is to be
mounted in the wall, the smoke detector's lowest point should be between 150 and
300 millimetres below the ceiling.

10

3.0 AIR CONDITIONING
SYSTEM

Centralize Air Conditioning

In a central air conditioning system, chilled air is brought to
each room by one or more fans and ducting from the main
point. For air conditioning to function, the compressor must
work correctly. In order to chill the house, the refrigerant gas
is compressed, which causes it to dissipate heat

Centralize Air Conditioning System

The condenser and compressor are housed in an exterior
metal cabinet, while the evaporator is housed in an inside
cabinet. There are numerous split-system air conditioners,
including a furnace or an air handler, in the indoor unit. The
cabinet or central supply duct of this furnace or heat pump
houses the evaporator coil of the air conditioner. It is the
most cost-effective central air conditioner if your home
already has a stove

As the evaporator, condenser, and compressor are all
housed in a single cabinet, the unit is typically installed on
the roof or a concrete slab near the house's foundation,
making it easier to maintain. Supply and return ducts
connect the packaged air conditioner, usually positioned
outside, to the home's outer wall or roof. Electric heating coils
or a natural gas furnace are frequently used in packaged air
conditioners. This combined heating and air conditioning
system eliminates the need for a separate furnace indoors.

11

APPLICATION AND FUNCTIONS

AIR HANDLING UNIT

The heating, ventilation, and air-
conditioning system's air handling unit
(AHU) is used to clean and circulate the
air (HVAC system) and utilized to regulate
the building's climate, including
temperature, humidity, and airflow. The
AHU's primary job is to bring fresh air from
the outside and distribute it throughout a
structure. All exhaust air has been
removed, resulting in a satisfactory level of
air quality within. Fresh air is either heated
or cooled by a recovery unit or heating coil,
depending on the desired temperature of
the reconditioned air. The AHU's big metal
box includes separate supply and exhaust
ventilators. Also included are heater and
evaporator coils, an air filter system, sound
attenuators, a mixing chamber, and
dampers to assist in heating and cooling
recovery. Ventilation ductwork is connected
to the AHU to distribute the conditioned air
across the building and return it to the AHU.

EVAPORATOR COIL

Evaporator coils are critical components in air-
handling devices. To maximize heat transfer, it is
built of copper turnings of many turns and
covered with fins. The evaporator coil serves as
the plant's evaporator in the direct expansion
type of central air conditioning facilities. The
evaporator coil cools the air that has been drawn
in from the room by the blower. The air handling
unit's supply ducts distribute this air to the
building's numerous rooms. The solenoid valve
controls the flow of chilled water or refrigerant to
the evaporator coil.

12

APPLICATION AND FUNCTIONS

BLOWER

The blower or fan pulls hot return air from the room and blows it over
the evaporator coil, cooling it and sending it back into the room to be
cooled. In air handling units, the fans can be arranged in a draw-
through or a blow-through manner. The return air is sucked through
the filter and cooling coil by the fan in a draw-through arrangement.
The air passes over the cooling coil, which chills it, and then goes into
the rooms to be cooled. The return air is absorbed by the fan and
blown across the air filter and cooling coil in the case of the blow-
through configuration. The cooled air is subsequently circulated
through the building's interior. Draw-through arrangements are
employed in the auditorium.

AIR FILTER

The air filter is one of the most critical

components of any air conditioning system. The
air filter cleans the air by removing pollutants
such as dust, smoke, and other contaminants.
Before the cooling air, the air filter is applied. The
evaporator coil receives the air after it has been
absorbed or pushed through the air filter.

13

APPLICATION AND FUNCTIONS

DIFFUSER

An essential aspect of the room air distribution subsystem

is a Diffuser, which distributes cooling and ventilation air
equally while making the slightest noise possible. The hall's
diffuser is a fixed blade swirl diffuser, while the return air is
returned through a linear grille. When it comes to the
supply and return air, there are distinct differences
between the diffuser and the return air grille

14

INSTALLATION PROCESS

DUCT WORK INSTALLATION

Existing furnaces and air conditioners in retail malls should be
maximised by adding no more than a return line to the existing
ductwork. To avoid costly drywall modifications, the ducts must be
fitted and hidden in closets or soffits. In addition, the ductwork should
be placed before the drywall is put up in new construction.

INTERIOR UNIT

Inside the furnace's plenum, the evaporator coil is situated.
There are two plenums on either side of the air handler,
where the air is carried in and returned to the retail center.
The furnace's "outflow" is the supply plenum, into which the
evaporator coil will be inserted.

CONNECT TO LINE SET

Refrigerant travels through two copper pipes that connect the two
sections in a split system. The shortest path from the evaporator to
the condenser will dictate most of the line set's route. To keep
water out, make sure all outside openings are adequately sealed

15

INSTALLATION PROCESS

CONNECTS THE ELECTRICAL SUPPLY

There must be an outside shutdown for the condenser unit. The
condenser to the shutoff and the shutoff to the electrical service panel
will have an electrical wire. A new air conditioner can put a lot of strain
on an already overworked circuit panel. Low-voltage wiring will also
connect the condensing unit and furnace so that the thermostat can
control it

CONDENSATES DRAIN LINE

Condensation forms outside of all air conditioners, just like on
the rim of a glass of iced water. Therefore, draining that
condensate is necessary. A floor drain is the most common
route for basement units. In the same way, refrigerators
enable condensation to evaporate, attic units may employ a
drain pan to allow water to evaporate

THERMOSTAT INSTALLATION

Bimetal or thermistor components make up most air conditioning
thermostats. These objects can sense return ducts or the surrounding
air. The random movement of perspective determines the
temperature of a room through the thermostat. It compares the
current temperature to the desired temperature.

16

BENEFITS

CLEANER AIR EFFECTIVE CIRCULATION

You may increase your air quality It is the most efficient technique to
by using filters in your central air circulate cold air throughout your
conditioning system. By doing so, shopping center.
pollen, dust, and lint can be
removed from the air more
efficiently.

REDUCED NOISE REDUCED NOISE

Central air conditioners are Central air conditioners are
substantially quieter than
substantially quieter than window window ones. Compared to the
rest of the body, the central
ones. Compared to the rest of the nervous system is practically
undetectable
body, the central nervous system

is practically undetectable

MORE SPACE EASY TO USE

Rather than inside your home, the We may programme the
main control center is located thermostat to run at a specific
elsewhere. This generates time and temperature using a
additional space inside and single control panel.
maintains the mall's contemporary
appearance

EASY TO USE

Units that may be used for both heating and cooling are
available. For example, this machine can be used to both heat
and cool a shopping mall. These days, every shopping complex
has a central air conditioner. They're simple to use and keep the
mall's appearance fresh.

17

PROBLEMS

SENSOR PROBLEMS

The temperature of the air entering the evaporative coil is measured by a
thermostat sensor hidden behind the control panel on most room air conditioners.
If the sensor is misplaced, the air conditioner may constantly run or perform
unpredictably. Adjust the sensor's location by carefully bending the wire and
holding it in place. The sensor should be close to, but not touching, the coil

ELECTRICAL CONTROL FAILURE

As air conditioners switch repeatedly, the compressor and fan controls might wear
down, especially if the system is extensive. When a professional technician does
your system maintenance, have them inspect all of the electrical connections and
contacts for corrosion

DRAINAGE PROBLEMS

Keep an eye on the condensate drain when it's rainy or humid outside to ensure it
isn't clogged and is draining freely. If your room air conditioner isn't positioned level,
the drain may not work effectively

18

PROBLEMS

SPACE IMPLICATION

At least 12 inches of clearance should be maintained on each side of the air
conditioner. Between 12 and 24 inches is a good range for air conditioner
clearance guidelines from the manufacturer. Additionally, the air conditioner must
have enough space to flow air in and out of the room. An air conditioner that isn't
given at least 60 inches of vertical clearance runs the danger of putting additional
strain on its components. Aside from that, a lack of space above the unit causes
the air conditioner to draw in warmer air, reducing its efficiency. This increases your
monthly cooling costs and wears out your air conditioner. The final point to
remember is that clearance isn't only about airflow. It is also essential for central
air conditioning units to have enough space for a service specialist to get to them.
So, if you're going to plant bushes or build a wall, leave enough space on one side
for a grown person to get to the AC unit's essential components.

BUILDING REGULATION

Lavatories, bathrooms, and other rooms used for ablution are located inside the
building and do not have any external walls to protect them from the elements.
There must be at least one air change every hour in any room that has a view of
verandas, pavement, or walkways if they are present. If an air conditioning device
is used to cool a room, window, or wall, it must also be able to introduce fresh air
continuously

19

Date//Time//Year

4.0 MECHANICAL

HANDLING

SYSTEM 11
www.reallygreatsite.com

4.1 GEARLESS TRACTION ELEVATOR

APPLICATION

The elevator is one of the services that does not need to be introduced in
modern times because it is present in almost every building that having
more than three stories. According to Q.Zhang, et al. (2018), the primary
components of an elevator lift system are hoisting ropes with a specific
axial movement length, a counterweight at one end, and a car at the other
end. In this context, it can be classified that an elevator is a mode of vertical
transportation that is used indoors, and as a result, it enables its passengers
to go from one floor to another in an efficient manner, as well as to transfer
heavy items with minimal effort. For a commercial building, such as a
shopping complex, the gearless traction system elevator is often the most
popular kind to be installed especially in high-rise structure, and our
proposed shopping complex consist of 3 storeys will make use of this form
of mechanical handling system. Gearless traction elevators have a high
initial cost, medium ongoing maintenance costs, and use energy a bit more
efficiently than geared traction elevators but it is worthy since it can travel
within a good speed, means that this elevator are capable to move around
2000 feet per minute which is good for the users since they want to reach
their destination as soon as possible and have a maximum travel distance
of around 2000 feet ,not like geared which is slower than gearless system
where it only can speed up to 500 feet per minute, so as for high-rise
building gearless is the most suitable type to be installed.

SYSTEM

These elevators’ work utilising a wire cable (hoisting ropes) which is
attached to the elevator top and wrapped around the sheave on one end.
The opposite end of the rope is coupled with a counterweight that raises
and lowers in the hoist manner. The weight of the cab and counterweight
together pull the cable which subsequently twists the sheave, and the
elevator begins moving. To keep the load on the electric motor low, the
counterweight is matched with the weight of the elevator cab and half-load
of the passengers. As the elevator cab travels upwards, the counterweight
begins to move downwards, and in this way it balances the elevator load.
This considerably decreases the energy usage as the motor only bears the
weight of half the cab load.

21

INSTALLATION PROCESS

The installation of the lift will be performed by a Gearless
specialist contractor who is an expert in this sector, as Traction
the procedure is complex and requires a high level of Elevator
skills to guarantee that all the components are
assembled precisely so that the lift can work smoothly. 22
Before installation work can begin, the area of the lift
hoist route must be measured, which ensures that the
dimensions match to the specifications and criteria,
which is crucial for preventing problems, especially when
the installation process begins. Next, erect the
scaffolding within the lift shaft, which will serve as a
means of access for the employees to install the
components without any working space limitations.
Then, the workers will proceed with the installation of rail
brackets on each floor, and once everything is in place,
the guide rails will be attached and guided by a 1 tonnes
chain hoist.
This phase is crucial for the lift's smooth operation, as it
allocates the correct location for the motor to be placed
at the top of the lift pit, whereby the bearing beam,
gearless machine, or motor, and control system may be
installed. Then, construct a temporary load-bearing
support at 1 level in the lift hoist path. Once support has
been established, car installation may commence. Then,
Install the speed governor at the top of the shaft hoist
way and the governor tension sheave at the bottom of
the shaft hoist way as the following sequence. Regarding
this, once completed, the counterweight system can be
installed and its position will be on the back side of the
car in lift pit, these two will be connected by hoisting
ropes at each end, while the motor will serve as a
controller because the hoisting ropes must pass through
the motor to allow the car to move vertically. In addition,
the vehicle buffer and counterweight buffer will be
installed in the bottom of the pit, along with all
compensation devices and electrical equipment that will
be wired to each level and connected to the control
system. In addition, proceed with cable installation
around the car and limit device installation on the side
of the hoistway. Then, install the landing door, LOP, and
COP on each floor, then go on to the installation of the
car door and operator. Following that, our gearless
traction elevator is now operational.

CONNECTIONS

1. CONTROL UNIT
A controller or control panel is another name for this
component. The control unit may be found at the very top of
the elevator shaft within the machine room. When the users
push any button in the lift, the signal is sent to the control unit,
where it is processed further before being transmitted to the
motor to determine whether it should travel upwards or
downwards. When the elevator reaches its destination, a
signal is transmitted to the control room, signalling whether it
should stop and allow the passenger to board it or let the
passenger to depart it.

2. CAR OPERATING PANEL (C.O.P)
The Car Operating Panel (C.O.P.) is the control panel
within the elevator that contains the floor buttons, light
switch, alarm button, emergency stops switch, and
optional key lock. Regarding this set of buttons, it has
already become simpler for users to instruct the elevator
to operate in accordance with existing protocol by just
pressing one of the buttons. For example, when customers
enter the elevator and wish to go to a different level, they
will press the button with the number symbol, and if they
become stuck within the elevator, they will press the alarm
button to alert the operator. In this case, it implies that the
panel will transfer data to the control unit, which will then
process the data and operate according to the function of
each button.
3. LIMIT CAPACITY INDICATOR
These signs will activate when there are an excessive
number of passengers in the elevator or when the
combined weight of the passengers exceeds the elevator's
maximum load capacity. This connection is beneficial
since it enables the elevator to perform well and provides
passengers with comfort. It will notify passengers via a
beeping sound if the elevator has surpassed its maximum
weight capacity and cannot be operated.
4. FLOOR LEVEL AND LOCK INDICATOR
The floor indicator for our proposed three-story shopping
complex will display its present location from 1 to 3 in a
proper sequence. Then, to let the passengers know which
level they are on, the number seemed to represent the
current position and would be brighter than the others.
Once the door is closed, the lock indication will show next
to the floor level indicator.

23

POSITION

Customers should be able to get to the next floor easily by using an
elevator in a location that is convenient for them. In other words,
this elevator should be easy to find, enter, and spend time in. This
vertical transportation system will be placed at the mall's entrance,
the middle of the mall, and the end of the mall in our proposed
shopping complex. There will be a total of 6 elevators installed, with
2 lifts at each location. As a result, the building's customers can go
to their destinations more quickly and avoid crowds by using the
elevators, which is a win-win situation for everyone. In this context,
the flow of traffic within the building should be as efficient as
possible, allowing the building to function as intended.

24

BENEFITS

1. LOWER MAINTENANCE COSTS
The client is already aware of the maintenance plan for the elevator once
the lift is operational and ready to be used for the building's purpose, which
might result in high-cost consumption. However, compared to other types
of lifts, especially geared elevators, gearless systems require only regular
inspections of ropes and sheaves since they are not subject to the same
amount of wear and tear. In fact, a DC gearless motor may survive
between 30 and 70 years, and its lifespan can easily be extended much
beyond that with proper maintenance. Consequently, the lubrication needs
for the motor to function smoothly are lower than from a geared system,
which means there is no need for oil changes and no risk of hydraulic or
other fluid leaks as long as the output from the maintenance work is at its
highest point.
2. OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY
Gearless traction elevator can offer significant cost savings over geared
system or older gearless equipment. It means that, since the motor directly
make the rotation to influence the movement of the car, the energy supply
to rotate the wheel is low to be compared with geared system which the
energy needs to be supplied to the gearbox first to drives the wheel and
this simultaneously will consume much energy from each rotation.
Moreover, from the view of environmental performance, the gearless
traction elevator has a certification from Leadership in Energy &
Environmental Design (LEED) because of the output they provide in terms
of energy efficiency. Then, to explain in detail about operational efficiency,
this elevator can travel at a great speed, so it can allow the passengers to
move to another floor within a limited time which can reduce energy
consumption.

1. QUIETER OPERATION
When it comes to a shopping complex, the owner of the building wants the
customers to feel as comfortable as possible, which is why the limitation of
uncomfortable noises within the facility is one of their top priorities. In this
scenario, the installation of this elevator will greatly improve comfort and a
calm atmosphere for users who are either getting into the elevator or walk
through at the outside of the elevator. Since there is no gear within the
motor at the top of the hoist way, the sound has been limited. Because of
this, the customers have been able to travel in a good mood without any
external disruptions, which can lead to positive vibes for the customers,
and at the same time it will upgrade the quality of the building effectively.

25

PROBLEMS

1.LIMITED WORKING SPACE FOR
MAINTENANCE WITHIN THE SHAFT
AREA

Among the advantages that this sort of elevator
may provide to its customers, there are certain
disadvantages that the building owner must suffer.
According to the elevator's design, the shaft has a
number of key car-driving components other than
the motor which located at the top of the shaft.
Typically, when a part of the lift is malfunctioning,
such as the rail does not fit in position due to a
loose bolt and subsequently disrupts the movement
of the car, the maintenance crew has difficulties
going and continuing their job in hoist way.
Regarding this, it can be said that access is limited
due to the fact that the lift's passageway is packed
with several lift components and there are many
safety procedure before the maintenance begin. In
addition, the extensive repair work will prevent the
elevator from operating for some periods.

2. 1. MISALIGNED MOTOR DRIVE
Any number of issues can arise as a result of a
misaligned motor drive. Shaft alignment is
critical when connecting an equipment or
machinery to the motor drive. Many of the
problems, such as worn sheaves and bearing
malfunction, can be caused by even the tiniest
misalignment of the motor bearings. Potentially,
ropes could slip and pose a danger to users
while the lift is still running if the sheaves have
worn out. Moreover, this can lead to an
unsettling noise and a sign of a greater
problem, such as a loose or worn-out part, if the
bearing is not really working properly.

26

GEARLESS TRACTION ELEVATOR

Space Implication

Because of the additional space required to install all of the components, the
proposed gearless traction elevator will take up more space in the mall than
other advanced lift systems, such as a machine room-less elevator.
According to NCDC, (2020), the elevator will occupy a space of 1800mm x
2100mm and the maximum load capacity is 630 Kg which can fit as many as
8 people per travel in a single elevator for commercial building. Regarding
that, the principal function of the building will not be impacted, and in fact,
the elevator will be a huge asset in terms of facilitating people's movement
inside it. This was previously determined during the construction process.

Building Regulation

The proposed elevator for our shopping centre, a gearless traction
elevator, will comply to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
guidelines. According to this act, elevators must be easily accessible,
which means that by locating the lift in a strategic location within the
building, it is easy to locate, and users have no difficulty entering the
elevator, as there are sufficient lifts within the building to prevent
crowding in a single location. Consequently, if this rule is disregarded,
people may assemble in a single location, resulting in an uncomfortable
situation. Then, all services provided in cabs will be installed in line with
the ADA's specifications and rules to make things easier for users in
every manner possible. For instance, disabled individuals such as blind
users must have access to two-way communication. This demonstrates
that there are no restrictions preventing people from enjoying their
elevator ride.




27

Date//Time//Year

5.0 ELECTRICAL

SERVICES

SYSTEM 11
www.reallygreatsite.com

A SOLAR POWER TYPE SYSTEM

In terms of electrical services system, it has two
type of energy resources which is renewable and
non-renewable energy. As for the smart building, 3
storey shopping complexes building, it is advisable
to use a renewable source of energy to fit the
purpose of smart building. Based on Behzadi, A and
Arabkoohsar, A (2020) that to maintain the internal
thermal comfort and minimize the amount of
energy usage are one of the main objectives in
energy regulation of the building. A solar power
type system is suitable that act as renewable
energy resources whereby we use the opportunity
that we have that our country are located at the
equator of the earth that normally experiencing a
high temperature

Application

This application which is a solar system that will use a solar panel at the
building will cater all the thermal or heat that come from our natural source of
heat which is the sun. it will absorb all the ultraviolets ray into each panel that
has been install in the building that may transform the heat to electricity. A
concentrated solar system will use a lenses or mirrors panel that normally will
be located at the top of the building whereby there is no obstacles between the
panel and ultraviolets ray. Some of the major application of the solar system
that will applied towards the smart building are for water heating, internal
thermal heating, water pumping, electrical power generation, distillation, green
houses and may for cooking.

The application of the solar system for the energy consumption such as
electricity towards the building, in this case a 3-storey shopping complex will
help to keep the environment safe in terms of no waste energy consumption.
The amount of energy consumption for this type of building are tremendous
and normally it will keep running more than 10 hours of operation. If using a
normal supply from the public energy supply such as Tenaga Nasional Berhad
will be super expensive.

29

SYSTEM/ FUNCTIONS

A solar system that are highly recommended for the multi-story building that fit
the purposed of a smart building are Grid Connected solar with energy storage.
This type of system is suitable due to availability of energy storage that can
become a backup power if there anything happens such as short circuit.
According to the market price, this system is highly expensive for initial
investment. This system is considered as a hybrid solar whereby it consists of PV
array, charge controller, battery bank and inverter. This system is quite well
organized and suitable for a large-scale size of building such as commercial
building, shopping complex.
This solar power system produce surplus of electrical energy and it can be
wasted if not been used appropriately. Therefore, a storage tank will be installed
along to keep the excess energy from waste and may use it later maybe during
the nighttime or emergency breakdown to keep the building occupant feel safe
and comfortable. So, if there no sunlight, the building can still run and operate
during the nighttime. This is agreed by Pirmohamadi et al. (2021) that to achieve
the building improvement from the traditional to smart building, the sources of
energy that been wastes must be identified and make some changes to
improve the building performance and efficiency.

30

INSTALLATION PROCESS

23
23
23

Step 1 Mount Installation
Identify the appropriate location at the highest area of
the building whereby that area always exposes to the
weather. Then calculate or estimate the appropriate
angle of the degree to face the sun directly so that it can
cater to the amount of heat adequately. Then install and
fix the mount that will support the solar panels. The base
support will provide sturdiness towards the panel so that
it would not tilt or move when wind load is imposed on it.
Then secure the area with proper fencing because
normally the commercial building like a shopping
complex has a flat roof to provide a parking space,
therefore providing fencing can help to prevent any
trespasser

Step 2 installation of a solar panel

Install the solar panel at the mounting structure carefully
due to the material of the panel are mirror that made
from glass. Tightened the panel with a rigid connection
such as nut and bolts. This session must be done by
specialist worker due to the material are quite fragile if do
not handle with care it will shattered apart and will cost
extra towards the project.

31

INSTALLATION PROCESS

Step 3 Electrical connection



Then, initiate an electrical connection from the solar
panel towards the generator to exchange the energy
from heat to electricity. Normally, the MC4 (MC4 Solar PV
Branch) acts as a universal connector to connect the
generator to every type of solar panel system that exists.
So there have 2 types of electrical connections which are
series connection and parallel connections. As for the
proposed building and system, a series connection are
suitable whereby this type of connection may increases
the voltage match with the battery bank as storage for
excess energy.

Step 4 Connection to Solar inverter.



Next, connect the electrical series connection to the solar
inverter. The positive connection from the solar panel will
be attached to the positive terminal of the solar inverter
and vice versa for the negative. Then the solar inverter will
be connected to the solar battery and the building
electrical grid input to produce electricity.

Step 5 Connection between Solar
Inverter and Solar Battery.

The solar invert
er will be charged and connected to the
solar battery. The positive terminal of the battery will be
connected to the positive terminal of the inverter and vice
versa for the negative. The battery is a must so that it can
act as an electricity backup.

32

INSTALLATION PROCESS

Step 6 Connection between Solar Inverter and the
building grid system.



Next, from the inverter, there will be
a connection to the building grid
system. Normally the suitable and
appropriate type of electrical grid
system for a 3-story commercial
building such as a shopping
complex whereby consists of
hundreds of electrical outlets for
every premise are grid layout. This
layout is suitable for open floor
plans and appropriate for a large
building that is specified as
category 1. A normal plug will be
used to connect to the main power.

Step 7 Initiate the Solar Inverter.

Last and final step are to start the Solar Inverter.
The inverter will change the heat energy to
electrical energy then distribute it across the grid
to supply electricity to every part of the building.

33

Environmentally BENEFITS
friendly.
Solar system energy may produce less negative impact on the
environment rather than conventional system energy. This is agreed
by Chen et al. (2022) that extensive use of traditional energy that
causes a high risk of ecological environment damage is inevitable.
This system does not produce deadly greenhouse gas and does not
create any pollution such as in air, water even soil. This is also
supported by Chen et al. (2022) that the optimum utilization of
renewable energy help to reduce the impact on the environment.
Renewable energy may help to increase the productivity of the smart
building hence can be considered a green building that is
environmentally friendly.

Using a renewable energy resource may help the end-users to Reduce energy bill
reduce their spending or investment monthly to pay the bills for their consumption.
electricity consumption. This system helps us to reduce our
dependency on the utility supplier which is in this case TNB. Hence,
this system can be said to the building occupant or end-user may
save their money from investing too much in electricity
consumption. This is supported by Chen, Z et al. (2022) that the
electricity produced by PV (Solar Photovoltaics) system is a
replacement for electricity produced by fossil fuels and may lower
the electricity bills for the end users.

Save electricity lost A traditional method of transferring electricity from the generator to
during long distance the consumer are using a powerline or electric cable normally will
cause some energy lost around 10% of the actual amount that has
transport. been distribute at initial stages. The amount of energy losses maybe
not seem significant but it can be such a wasteful that may influence
the performance of the installation in particular regions that has a
high population in electricity demand. This is agreed by Chen et al.
(2022) that the amount of electricity can be save by using a solar
system energy consumption and may reduce environmental
pollution.

34

High initial PROBLEMS
investment
The building owner must provide a lot of expenditure towards the

cost of installation solar panel for the building due to the market
price of the good quality solar panel are highly expensive. Not only
the panel, its also include the inverter, batteries, wiring, installation,
and cost of transportation. A high initial investment can cause the
building occupant to receive the profit from the services at a long
duration of building operation.

The efficiency of the solar system may be used during a clear and Weather Implication.
high-temperature day are optimum. Although solar energy still can

be collected on a cloudy and rainy day, the productivity of the solar
system will be lower. The solar panel will depend on the sunlight for
the system and energy consumption effectively gather the solar
energy. According to Demenkova et al. (2019) that the instability of
weather conditions affects the size of the receiver necessary
capacity for the operation of the facility that considered the weather
condition are primary energy supplies.

Utilization of ample As for the proposed smart building, a 3-story shopping complex is
spaces. normally a large-scale project that requires a tremendous amount

of electricity to keep the building fully operated and well managed.
Hence it needs a lot of solar panels to collect as much sunlight as
possible to generate an adequate amount of electricity resources to
consume. A Solar PV panel must use a lot of empty spaces normally
on the roof of the building to fit all the solar systems perfectly.

35

SPACE IMPLICATION AND BUILDING REGULATIONS




Space Implications.

As for the space implications, the solar system services mainly use a solar panel to
cater to all the heat and ultraviolet rays from the sun. therefore, it only and must
require a space that is an external or outdoor area to prevent any obstacle or any
other element that disturbs the sunlight. The solar panel would not interfere with
the spaces within the building that can disturb the building occupant. There would
be no solar panel that is located internally or within the area of the building.

Building Regulation.

The matter of building code or regulation of solar system services in buildings is
typically a local issue. After all, it is based on the treasury instruction that has been
implemented by the local authorities. The building regulation for the installation of
solar system services for building electricity is the capability of the roof loading,
amount of heat exchangers, proper wiring installation, and unlawful tampering. The
building owner must keep updated regarding the additional local amendments or
modifications to the regulations in effect, the location of the building (Flood-area).

36

6.0 SPECIAL SERVICES
SYSTEM
(security)

11

CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV)

As we move towards the 21st
century, it shows that the evolution
and evolvement of current
technology are far beyond what we
thought. In terms of electrical
services, it become one of the most
important supplies for our living.
Special service installation becomes
an addition in any type of building
service to keep the building fully
functioning and performing well to
fit their purposes.

A special installation is furnished and installed on the premises for the building occupy to
use to keep the environment safe. According to Graveto et al. (2022), a lack of
satisfaction with security mechanisms has become a common factor for all building
automation problems (Smart Building). As been proposed for the multi-story smart
building, 3-story Shopping complex, a special installation that the most appropriate and
suitable for this building are Security system services.

APPLICATIONS.

The application of the Building Security System,
in this case, been proposed a CCTV or a
Surveillance Security Camera will be installed as
a special service that serves the purpose to keep
the mall in a safe state. A Shopping mall is a
place where a high crime or loss will occur at a
particular time and the installation of
surveillance services that will monitor the
situation 24 hours a day non-stop increase the
level of safety and reduce the risk of crime
occurring.

The security services or CCTV will be applied throughout the building mostly and the
entrance, exit, staff route, in the retail store, and maybe outside the restroom. By having
non-stop surveillance, it can help the security forces within the mall to prevent crime
more effectively. This is agreed by Zare Hosseinzadeh et al. (2021) that a surveillance
camera used in the modern building can be a medium to check the building occupant
and environment for their safeness

38

Surveillance FUNCTIONS

Surveillance is monitoring the behavior or any
activities that have been held at a particular place
with a specific event. It helps to keep aware of
what happens at the actual event. A surveillance
system means a system that uses services such
as video cameras, monitors, recorders, or any
other equipment to help keep an eye on the place.

This is supported by Gupta, P, and Margam, M. (2020) that due to the flexibility,
portability, affordability, and intriguing features of CCTV surveillance systems are widely
adopted. It’s a form of patrol by the security personnel either human surveillance or
mechanical surveillance to keep the building environment in a safe state.

Detections

The principles of detection in security system
services are sensing technology to detect or
discover the presence of someone or
something within the view of the CCTV to
keep survey and monitor all the activities that
are being held at the moment. The detection
system is either an automatic sense or
human surveillance.

Sugianto et al. (2021) defined that detection, tracking, and crowd counting are being
classified and localized by the system as a captured image system and called object
detection. The signal must produce by any action of a person or something that may
trigger the sensor of the camera within the room.

Alarms

The alarm system is designed related to the
detection whereby any activities that are being
held upon a time at a specific area that are
restricted will trigger such as at home, school, and
commercial buildings. The main function of this
alarm is to keep the building occupant aware of the
intruders that trespass any restricted area within
the building.

39

INSTALLATION PROCESS

1. Planning of
locations

Before installing a CCTV camera security system within the building, plan and
coordinate the suitable location for the camera to serve its purposes. Choosing the
right location, may maximize the camera coverage and minimize the length of the
cable to save the budget allocation. It’s best to install the camera at every corner of the
area that is available within the building, in this case, a 3-story shopping mall, in a
retail store, lobby, in front of restroom area, corridor, and maybe parking lot.

Mount the camera at the desired place based on the 2. Mounting the camera.
ocations. Make good at the locations to be mounted then
nstall it by chasing to the wall, ceiling, column, beam, or
any suitable spot at a specific location. Drill holes and
screw the camera equipment along with the cable firmly
at the location then insert the power cable of the camera
n a socket.

3. Placing DVR Install the DVR at the appropriate location within the building
which is it acts as a hard disk or storage of all surveillance
activities. It is highly recommended to keep the DVR inside a
restricted area whereby in this case 3-story shopping mall, a
control room that always monitors all the situations.

Due to the large size of the building, a 3-story shopping 4. Construct a control
mall, it is highly recommended to construct and prepare a room.
control room that is completed with a DVR, monitor, and

any other equipment by using a wireless system to
connect with the security services equipment. It becomes 11
a restricted area within the building and only authorized
personnel only to enter the area. 40

BENEFITS

Reduce the risk
of criminal activities.

It involves human psychology whereby when a
person intends to make something bad or criminal
towards someone or something when they sense
the presence of a security services system such as
CCTV or Security guard, they tend to stop their
crime and leave the area immediately.

Due to the CCTV surveillance records, everything will catch everything that happens. This
has been proved by Park et al. (2012) that the CCTV system managers and the public
regard CCTV act as a crime prevention that becomes benefits society.

24 hours Surveillance.

A CCTV security services system always
stays vigilant and aware of the building
surrounding due to its mechanical system
that 24 hours operate which helps human
surveillance less work.

By having 24-hour surveillance, it manages to keep the rate of crime within
the building low. These system has been trained as a team to protect all the
building property and if there any crime occurs at any time and location, it
can be recorded

Enhance customer As a commercial building, and shopping complex, customer
experience. satisfaction is their top priority to ensure that the customers
are satisfied, comfortable, and safe during shopping. A lot of
commercial company that always care about their customer.
By paying full attention to customer behavior by going
through the CCTV camera, it allows for analyzing information
from different locations at the same time to promote a
positive vibe towards the customer. It’s also included the
comfortless of employees

11

41

PROBLEMS

High initial and operation investment

Due to the type of building, the cost of installation
for a security services system can be through the
roof where it needs to cover the whole part of the
building in terms of security and provide safety for
the building users. The building owner might need
to hold frequent maintenance to keep the high-
quality system fully functional.
It also will involve the cost of maintenance charges, monitoring fees, parts, and battery
replacement costs. Normally basic low-price services systems are not fit to carry out the
work for a large-scale project, 3storey shopping mall, which may cause inadequate
security implementation.

Interference of wireless security services system.

Due to the concept of the building, smart
building, it is recommended to use a wireless
security services system. A fully wireless
system uses individual sensors throughout
the building that may help it to communicate
the security equipment wirelessly with the
control room.

The main problem is that electromagnetic interference can come from a device that
creates a frequency wave such as remote controls, handphones, power lines, and even
microwaves. This interference may interrupt the CCTV video recording for surveillance.

Low-quality video surveillance.

A commercial building security system is a must
to have video surveillance footage and alerts.
Dealing with low-quality surveillance footage
could be hard for the victim to use to get justice
for a crime that has been opposed to them. It
would make the security team of the premises
hard to identify the criminal and the peace of
mind among the customer will disappear by
knowing that a low-quality security services
system that has been used are not going to help
much.

42

SPACE IMPLICATIONS

The CCTV does not need ample space to install the camera at a specific
location in a particular area. The most suitable place and location to be
placed the CCTV camera are at the entrance and exit of the building, in
front of every premise that is available, at the lobby normally a large
group of people gather at one place and in front of the restroom to
prevent any sexual harassment occur towards the men and women

. And it is also highly
recommended to place a
CCTV camera on the
stairways, in the elevator, and
in employees’ alleys that are
normally closed and far away
from people to notice if there
any crimes are going to
happen to any individuals.
Normally a large shopping
mall building has a restricted
area such as an electric room,
control room, administration
office, and the shopping mall
bank to keep all the money
that they gain in one day
profit from the customer that
invests towards their
product and these buildings must and will use an adequate amount of
security surveillance to prevent any trespasser escape and going into these
restricted areas

BUILDING REGULATIONS.

By using a CCTV camera, the building owner needs to understand that we
violate people’s privacy. Therefore, we need to respect other people’s
privacy. It is advisable to keep our surveillance within our boundaries so
that it would not trespass on other people’s property or views that may
raise dissatisfaction with neighbourhoods’ buildings. Based on the
regulation that has been set in are GDPR and Data Protection Act 2018, it is
recommended that we utilize this type of service in a responsible way in
order to keep the building occupant and the neighbourhood feel safe and
not watched creepily.

43

7.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, we are hoping that our shopping centre will have a
better and new experience for everyone in the future. Everyone wants
to have a better lifestyle, which is partially relative and dependent on
the individual's level of comfort. With the intelligent building services
system that we have proposed, we can ensure that the vast majority of
people would prefer to have access to services that make their
surroundings simpler and that contribute to a higher quality of
environment. Moreover, because the shopping centre utilises a smart
building services system, clients are able to experience a higher level
of comfort while they are there than they have ever had in the past.
Using a smart building services system could lead to a number of
benefits, such as better vertical movement, cleaner air, a safer
environment, and even more.

44

8.0 CASE STUDY: AVENUE K SHOPPING COMPLEX

Our proposed three-story shopping centre is based on the services offered
in the Avenue K shopping mall. The case study we're talking about has a full
set of services, including a fire protection system, air conditioning system,
mechanical handling system, electrical services system, and special services
system. As for the fire protection system, this case study has both an active
fire protection system and a passive fire protection system. Then, the
building has a fire control room and a firefighting system pump room, which
are both important for fire safety. People who need help in the mall should
go to the fire control room first. It is also the first place to know if any part of
the building is on fire, so it can alert the people inside and get in touch with
the nearest fire station. As for our proposed building, we will use smoke
detectors, which are a type of active fire protection that is available on
Avenue K. This is because the smoke detector is good at detecting smoke
from a fire in a certain area and will immediately alert the people inside if
there is a fire.

The most effective way to regulate the temperature inside a huge
structure like Avenue K is to use the centralised air-conditioning system. As
stated in the case study, the occupant' comfort is of utmost importance. For
our proposed shopping complex, we offered the same type air-conditioning
system that was available in the case study. Next, we proposed services not
included in the case study for mechanical handling, electrical service, and
special service systems, with the goal of ensuring that the proposed
shopping complex can operate more efficiently.

44

9.0 REF43ERENCES

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Chen, Y., Quan, M., Wang, D., Du, H., Hu, L., Zhao, Y., Guo, M., & Liu, Y. (2022).
Optimization and comparison of multiple solar energy systems for public sanitation
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Chen, Z., Yu, B., Li, Y., Wu, Q., Wu, B., Huang, Y., Wu, S., Yu, S., Mao, W., Zhao, F., & Wu, J.
(2022). Assessing the potential and utilization of solar energy at the building-scale
in Shanghai. Sustainable Cities and Society, 82.
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Demenkova, T. A., Phinenko, A. A., & Kulakov, D. B. (2019). Problems of design of the
generalized power module for control systems of solar installations. Procedia
Computer Science, 150, 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.02.046

Graveto, V., Cruz, T., & Simöes, P. (2022). Security of Building Automation and Control
Systems: Survey and future research directions. Computers and Security, 112.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2021.102527

Gupta, P., & Margam, M. (2020). CCTV as an efficient surveillance system? An
assessment from 24 academic libraries of India. Global Knowledge, Memory, and
Communication, 70(4–5), 355–376. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-04-2020-0052

Ismail, I., Taib, M., & Mydin, M. A. O. (n.d.). Appraisal of Passive and Active Fire
Protection Systems in Student’s Accommodation. https://doi.org/10.1051/C

Jadon, A., Omama, Mohd., Varshney, A., Ansari, M. S., & Sharma, R. (2019). FireNet: A
Specialized Lightweight Fire & Smoke Detection Model for Real-Time IoT Applications.
http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.11922

Pirmohamadi, A., Dastjerdi, S. M., Ziapour, B. M., Ahmadi, P., & Rosen, M. A. (2021).
Integrated solar thermal systems in smart optimized zero energy buildings: Energy,
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