Energy Audit Report

Project 2
ENERGY AUDIT REPORT

Prepared by Jemimah Siew San Le
Student ID : 0334092
Tutor : AR. Edwin

Profile Sun Orientation Temperature in Kota Kinabalu in 2020

Surrounding context is Rainfall (mm)B Monthly Temperature May 2020 – May 2021
residential houses , with a Temperature
big drain located behind. West Bedroom East 40
Sun rises at 6 am and sets at around 3 35
Location : Luyang Phase Eleven, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 6.30pm. Backyard ( A) receives the Bedroom A 30
Coordination : 5°56'57.5"N 116°05'19.6"E morning sun. Where the side and front 2 25
Building Type : Single Storey , Semi-detached Residential facing northwest ( B ) receives evening 20
sun. Master Bedroom, Bedroom 2 and B Master 15
Wind Rose Bedroom 3 receives evening sun. Bedroom 10

5
0

May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 21' 21' 21' 21' 21'

Min. Temperature 24 22 23 24 23 23 23 23 22 22 22 23 24

Max. Temperature 34 34 33 34 33 33 33 33 32 32 32 33 34

Months

Source : https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/malaysia/kota-kinabalu/historic?month=5&year=2021

The temperature in Kota Kinabalu can go up to 34°C during hot days, and drop
to 22°C during cold nights. This project is conducted in the month of April 2021

to May 2021, May 2021 holds the hottest temperature within the year.

Floor Plan

Average Rainfall and Rainy Days in
Kota Kinabalu May 2020 – May 2021

Neighbour’s House Prevailing wind from 800 Neighbour’s House
northeast, being blocked 700
Wind is mostly coming from by neighbour’s house 600 Space Tabulation
East Northeast and 500 1. Dining Area & Dry Kitchen
Northeast. 400 2. Living Room
300 3. Master bedroom
There’s also wind coming 200 4. Bedroom 2
from southwest, not strong 100 5. Bedroom 3
compare to northeast
0 11 6. Bedroom 4
May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May
20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 21' 21' 21' 21' 21' 7. Car Porch
8. Wet Kitchen
Rainfall (mm) 246.5 458.1 550.3 267.8 542.9 340 273.3 244.5 675.1 162.2 125.8 193 313 9. Laundry
10. Toilet 1
Rainy Days 30 30 31 29 30 31 30 30 31 24 31 24 30 11. Toilet 2
Months

Source : https://www.worldweatheronline.com/kota-kinabalu-weather-averages/sabah/my.aspx

Precipitation from November to March is influenced by Northeast
monsoon, whereas May to September is influenced by Southwest
monsoon. The 2 inter monsoons happens in April and October (Sukarno,
Khan, Dayou & Chee, 2017).

Elevation Roof U Value Calculation

Front Elevation Layer & Material Thickness (m) Thermal Thermal
Conductivity Resistance
Zinc Roof with Timber External Surface - (Km2/W)
Structure Zinc Roofing 0.0007 (W/mK)
Air Gap - 0.04
- 0.0000064
110
- 0.18

RC Column Gypsum 0.013 0.17 0.0765
wallboard Ceiling

Internal Surface - - 0.13

Brick Wall U Value Calculation Calculation R of Zinc Roofing:
0.0007 / 110 =0.0000064

Layer & Thickness (m) Thermal Thermal Heat Transmission of Roof is R of Gypsum:
Material Conductivity Resistance high, which causes increase 0.013 / 0.17=0.0765
(Km2/W) of temperature in the spaces. Total Resistance : 0.04 + 0.0000064 + 0.18 + 0.0765 + 0.13 = 0.43 Km2/W
External Air - (W/mK) It greatly reduce the thermal U Value : 1 / 0.43 = 2.33 W/m²K
Resistance 0.04 comfort of occupants.
External Plaster 0.02 - 0.11
Brick Wall 0.11 0.18 0.157 UBBL Clause 38 A
Internal Plaster 0.015 0.7 0.083 (2) The roof for all buildings ( residential and non-residential shall not have a thermal transmittance (U-value) greater than
Internal Air 0.18 0.13 a) 0 0.4 W/m2K for Light (under 50kg/m2) weight roof ;
Resistance - b) 0.6 W/m2K for Heavy ( above 50kg/m2) weight roof, unless provided with other shading or cooling means
-

Side Elevation Tinted Glass Windows

R of External Plaster: U-value in actual may be 150mm thick brick wall with
0.02 / 0.18 = 0.11 lower due to shading plaster and paint furnish
R of Brick Wall: provided by vegetation
0.11 / 0.7 = 0.157 around the house and
R of Internal Plaster: shading provided by roof.
0.015 / 0.18 = 0.083 The walls are not directly
exposed to sun.

Total Resistance : 0.04 + 0.11 + 0.157 + 0.083 + 0.13 = 0.52 Km2/W

U Value : 1 / 0.52 = 1.92 W/m²K

Internal Temperature Daylight Analysis

Temperature for Bedroom 2 (Hottest Space ) Daylight illuminance is measured at around 4pm in the evening, with entrance door opened.

Space Morning Afternoon Night hot
Bedroom 2 ( 9 am ) ( 12pm ) ( 9pm )
33
29 28

Bedroom 4 cold Entrance Windows Legend
window is facing Door Switch
northwest, car Electrical
porch located in 1200 470 Wiring
front has shade 1100 470 Ceiling LED
most of the sun Bedroom Light (A)
4 Ceiling LED
As living room is Light (B)
Bedroom 3 is cooler Living Area adjacent to neighbour’s 500 300 Lux level Ceiling LED
than bedroom 2 as it is house, therefore there 210 501-1200 Light (C)
bigger than bedroom Bedroom is not much opening 340 301-500
2 and nearer to main 3 181- 300 Ceiling Plan
entrance which can 41- 180 A are switched on around 6.30pm as
form a cross ventilation 360 180 16-40 sun sets and not much sunlight is
300 1-15 entering the space. B & C are turned
Dining on around 5pm because the deeper
Bedroom Area & Dry 200 part of living room is dark.
2 PSALI concept is adopted in living
Bedroom 2 is hottest Kitchen Partition wall is not 150 room (Ceiling Lights A). Artificial
as it is facing South- Master exposed to any sun. 88 lighting and daylighting, are
West Bedroom Dining Area & Kitchen is 40 combined to provide an even
Master bedroom has a comparatively hotter to illumination. Parts of the room are
long shading in front living area as it is 10 permanently lit by artificial light.
and 2 windows smaller in size
located allow cross
ventilation, so it is the
coolest among the 4
bedrooms

Daylight is commonly coming from entrance door, then windows,
as there is no other openings, spaces are getting darker and
darker.

Energy Hourly Usage Weekday Hourly Usage Remarks : * Total kWh = Total Energy Consumption when certain appliances are not used

Area Appliances Amount Total Power ( W ) Usage ( hr ) Total Hour Total kWh * Total kWh
Living Room
air conditioner <3375kWh 1 385 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 0
energy star > 1 21 0.357
ceiling fan 1 12 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.288
wifi modem 1 24 0.576
wifi router 1 120 0 0 00 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17 0.96
television 1 5 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 24 0.02
charger 9 7 0.504
Ceiling lights LED 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 24 2.705
0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 1 1 0 1 110 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 8

0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 1 1 0 0 001 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 001 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8

total consumption

Kitchen ceiling fan 1 20 0 0 00 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 15 0.3 0.3
(Dining + dry kitchen ) standing fan 1 50 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 1 1 1 1 1 100 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0.4 0.4
Refridgerator < 460kWh
* Due to MCO, Iron was not being used energy star > 1 210 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0.03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0.083 1.26 1.26
Rarely being used Microwave 1 1100 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0913 0.0913
Iron 1 1000 0
2 0 0 00 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17 0 0
Fluorescent LED lights 2 9 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 0.306 0.306
ceiling lights LED 1 7 0 0 00 0 0.056 0.056
rice cooker 1 820 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
water dispenser 1 330 0 0 00 0 0 0
blender 1 1100 0 00 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.5 0.5 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 6 1.98 1.98
convection oven 3500 1 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
9 0.25 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3.5 0
50 total consumption 7.8933 4.3933
* Rice cooker is seldom being used as we dine out or use convection oven and on Tuesday and Thursday, cousin prepares dinner for us 500 0 * Convection Oven is used on Mon and Wed
0 0.126 0
Wet Kitchen Sensible Fluorescent LED lights 1 1800 0.33 1 11 1 1 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 001 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 0.25 0.027
stand fan 1 9 0 00 0 0 00 0 1.7787
*Lights up automatically when it is dark refridgerator 1 1 0.25 0.3 0.3 0.25 0.25 0.3 0.25 0.25 0 1 1 1 1 000 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 1.8057
770 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 6 3.376
Laundry Washing Machine 1 0.5 0.28
Fluorescent LED lights 1 0 total consumption 1.8
water pump 1 0 0.027 0.5211
0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.7787 0.07
1 3.6057 0
0.5 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3
1 0 00 0 0 00 0 0.33 0 0.28 0.8711
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0 0 2.31
0 total consumption 0.5211 0
1 * Washing Machine is used on alternate days, Mn, Wed, Fri 0.07 0
0.128 0
Master Bedroom ceiling fan 1 20 0 1 11 1 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 0
air conditioner <energy star 0.9991 0
1692kWh > 1 193 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.5 0.5 2.7 0
Ceiling Lights LED 2 7 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 5 0.48 0
hair dryer 1 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 6.102
800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.16 0 0 0 000 0.16 2.88
total consumption
1 * Hair Dryer is used on alternate days, Mon, Wed, Fri 0.2
0 0.045
Bedroom 2 ceiling fan 1 20 0.5 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 24 0.098
airconditioner 1 1130 0 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.5 5.4 9.805
laptop 1 180 0 0 00 0 0 00 0
hair dryer 1 800 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 0
phone charger 1 0 00 0 0 01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0 0 0 0.25
Ceiling Lights LED 1 5 1 00 0 0 00 0 0
7 1 1 0 0 0 000 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 9 0
0 0 0 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 0
0
* Bedroom 2 is vacant on 26th April – 4th May total consumption 0

Bedroom 3 Ceiling fan 1 20 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4
air conditioner < energy star 0.416
2444 W > 1 279 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5344
table light 1 6 0 00 0 0 00 0 0.064
lights 3 7 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.02
Charger 1 5 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.098
3.5324
0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

* Bedroom 3 is vacant total consumption

Bedroom 4 Ceiling fan 1 20 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 1 0 1 1 100 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 20
laptop 1 52 0 00 0 0 00 1
air conditioner 1 792 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 00 0 1 1 1 1 1 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
hair dryer 1 800 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.5 3.2
phone charger 1 5 0 00 0 0 00 0
Ceiling LED lights 2 7 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0 0.08

0 1 1 0 0 000 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 0 000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7

total consumption

Car Porch Sensible Ceiling LED lights 3 7 1 1 11 1 1 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 0.273
Ceiling LED lights 3 7 0.126
electric gate 1 700 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 001 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 6 0.121
0 0 00 0 0 0 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 0 0 0.03 0.52
1 3600
1 7 total consumption 0.9
0.00588
toilet (master bedroom) heater 1 3600 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0 0 0 000 0.25 0.90588
Ceiling LED lights 1 7 0 0 00 0 0.17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0.17 0 0 0.84
2.376
total consumption 0.119
2.495
toilet 2 heater 0 0 00 0 0 0 0.16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.66 1.476
Ceiling LED lights 0.119
0 0 00 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17 1.595
total consumption
* Switched on most of the time because there is no daylight transmittance * Toilet 2 has lower energy consumption on 26th April – 4th May due to decrease in 1 occupant

Weekend Hourly Usage Remarks : * Total kWh = Total Energy Consumption when certain appliances are not used

Area Appliances Amount Total Power ( W ) usage (hr) Total Hour Total kWh * Total kWh
Living Room 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

air conditioner <3375kWh 1 385 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 000 1.7 0.6545
energy star > 1 21 0 0 00 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17 0.357
ceiling fan 1 12 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 24 0.288
wifi modem 1 24 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 24 0.576
wifi router 1 120 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 1 1 1 1 111 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 12 1.44
television 2 5 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 1 1 0 0 001 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0.04
charger 9 7 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 0.693
Ceiling lights LED 4.0485

total consumption

Kitchen (Dining + dry kitchen 1 20 0 0 00 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 15 0.3 0.3
) ceiling fan 1 50 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 1 1 1 1 1 100 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 9 0.4 0.4
1.26
standing fan 1 210 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0.08 0 0 000 0 00 0 0 0 0 0.08 1.26 0
Refridgerator < energy star 1 1100 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 00 0 0 0 00 0.088 0
460kWh> 1 1000 0 0 00 0 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 0.306
Microwave 2 0 0 00 0 0 01 1 0 0 0 0 0 000 1 11 1 1 0 1 17 0 0.056
Iron 2 9 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 1 11 1 0 0 04 0.306 0
1 7 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.5 0.5 0 00 0 0 0 01 0.056 1.98
Fluorescent LED light 1 820 0 0 00 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 06 0.82 0
ceiling lights LED 1 330 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 1 00 0 0 0 00 1.98 0
rice cooker 1 1100 0 00 0 00 0 0 01 4.302
water dispenser 3500 1 0 0 0
blender 0 0 1 total consumption 3.5 0
convection oven 0.25 0.25 0.25 8.71 0.027
1.7787
0 0 0 * Convection Oven is used on Sunday 0.126 1.8057
0 0 0 0.25 0.5211
Wet Kitchen Fluorescent LED lights 1 9 0.33 1 11 1 1 00 0 0.33 0 0 0 0 001 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14
stand fan 1 50 0 00 0 0 00 0 1 1 1 000 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 0
refridgerator 1 500 1 0.25 0.3 0.3 0.25 0.25 0.3 0.25 0.25 0 0 0.25 0.25 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 6 3.376 0
0.5 0 0 0
0 0 0 total consumption 1.8 0
0 0 0 0.027 0
Laundry Washing Machine 1 1800 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.7787 0
Fluorescent LED lights 1 9 1 0 00 0 0 00 0 1 1 0 0 0 000 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 3.6057 0
water pump 1 0.5 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0 0 2.31 0
770 1 1 1 0.28
0 0 0 3.6
0 1 1 * Washing Machine is used on Saturday total consumption 0.5211 0.119
1 0 0 0.07 3.719
Master Bedroom ceiling fan 1 20 1 11 1 1 10 0 0 0 0 000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 0.194
air conditioner <energy star 1 193 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0
1692 kWh> 2 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.5 0.5 2.7 1.0651
Ceiling Lights LED 1 7 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 5
hair dryer 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.16 0 0 0.08 0 0 0 0.243 0.48
0 0 0 6.102
total consumption 2.88
1 1 1
Bedroom 2 ceiling fan 1 20 0 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 11 1 24 0.2
airconditioner 1 1130 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.5 5.4 0.045
laptop 1 180 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 1 1 1 11 1 16 0.098
hair dryer 1 800 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 1 1 1 1 111 1 0 0 0.25 0 0 0 0.25 9.805
phone charger 1 0 0 00 0 0 01 1 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 1 1 1 10 09
CeilingLights LED 1 5 1 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 000 1 1 1 1 11 1 14 0
7 1 0 0 0 1 1 111 1
0 0 0 * Bedroom 2 is vacant on 26th April – 4th May total consumption 0
0 0 0.01 0
Bedroom 3 Ceiling fan 1 20 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
air conditioner < energy star 1 279 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0
2444 kWh > 1 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
table light 3 6 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ceiling LED lights 1 7 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.36
Charger 5 0 1 1 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.416
2.5344
* Bedroom 3 is vacant total consumption 0.13
0.04
Bedroom 4 Ceiling fan 1 20 1 11 1 1 11 1 0 0 0 000 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 17 0.098
laptop 1 52 0 00 0 0 00 1 1 1 1 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 3.5784
air conditioner 1 792 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.5 3.2
hair dryer 1 800 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.17 0 0.17 0.273
phone charger 2 5 0 00 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 000 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 4 0.126
Ceiling LED lights 2 7 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 0.128
0.527
total consumption
1.512
Car Porch Sensible Ceiling LED lights 3 7 1 11 1 1 00 0 0 0 0 000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 0.01169
Ceiling LED lights 3 7 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 001 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 6 1.52369
electric gate 1 700 0 00 0
0 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0.01 0 0 0 0.04 4.5
0.119
total consumption 4.619

toilet (master bedroom) heater 1 3600 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0 0 0.17 0 0 0 0.42
toilet 2 Ceiling LED lights 1 7 0 00 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0.5 0.17 0 0 1.67
heater 1 0 00 0 0 00 0
Ceiling LED lights 1 3600 0 00 0 0 01 1 total consumption
7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.5 0 1.25
1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17

* Toilet 2 has lower energy consumption on 26th April – 4th May due to decrease in 1 occupant total consumption

Calculation of Total Energy Consumption Energy Consumption Pattern 1. OCCUPANTS

2 6 th A p r i l – 4 th M a y

Date mon tue wed thur fri sat sun mon tue
Living Room 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4
2.71 2.71 2.71 2.71 2.71 4.05 2.71
4.05 2.71

Kitchen (Dining + dry kitchen ) 7.89 4.39 7.89 4.39 4.39 4.30 8.71 7.89 4.39 The household consist of 6 members, with 1 eldest
Wet Kitchen 3.38 3.38 3.38 3.38 3.38 3.38 3.38 3.38 3.38 sister not staying with us . 5 people in total stays in
Laundry 3.61 1.81 3.61 1.81 3.61 3.61 1.81 3.61 1.81 the house
1.00 0.87 1.00 0.87 1.00 1.07 1.07 1.00 0.87
Master Bedroom 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Weekend :
Bedroom 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 occupants – Father, Mother, Brothers, Me ( 5 people )
Bedroom 3 3.53 3.53 3.53 3.53 3.53 3.58 3.58 3.53 3.53
Bedroom 4 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.53 0.52 0.52
Car Porch

toilet (master bedroom) 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 1.52 1.52 0.91 0.91
toilet 2 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 3.72 3.72 1.60 1.60

Total Energy Consumption (kWh) 25.13 19.70 25.13 19.70 21.63 25.75 28.35 25.13 19.70 Weekday :
occupants – Mother, eldest Brother, Me ( 3 people )
Total Energy Consumption (kWh) : 210.24

Bedroom 2 is vacant during that period and toilet 2 usage hours is reduced.

5 th M a y – 2 7 th M a y

Date wed thur fri sat sun mon tue Energy Hourly Usage of Weekday (Monday) and Weekend (Sunday)

Living Room 2.71 2.71 2.71 4.05 4.05 2.71 2.71

Kitchen (Dining + dry kitchen ) 7.89 4.39 4.39 4.30 8.71 7.89 4.39 8 Television
7 and lights
Wet Kitchen 3.38 3.38 3.38 3.38 3.38 3.38 3.38 My siblings and I take showers earlier in weekdays compared to are switched
weekend
Laundry 3.61 1.81 3.61 3.61 1.81 3.61 1.81

Master Bedroom 1.00 0.87 1.00 1.07 1.07 1.00 0.87 on for longer

Bedroom 2 9.81 9.81 9.81 9.81 9.81 9.81 9.81 6 Slight increase in weekend hours in
because of operation of air
Bedroom 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 weekends as

Bedroom 4 3.53 3.53 3.53 3.58 3.58 3.53 3.53 5 conditioner all family
members at
Car Porch 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.53 0.52 0.52

toilet (master bedroom) 0.91 0.91 0.91 1.52 1.52 0.91 0.91 home

toilet 2 2.50 2.50 2.50 4.62 4.62 2.50 2.50 4 Difference caused by water

Total Energy Consumption (kWh) 35.84 30.41 32.34 36.45 39.06 35.84 30.41

This is the daily energy consumption list in a week with bedroom 2 occupy and toilet 2 3 heater because of 1 additional
increase in usage hours. member using toilet

Calculation of Total Energy Consumption 26th April – 27th May : 967.13 kWh 2

Breakdown : 1

Wednesday : 35.84 X 4 (days in a month ) = 143.36 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Thursday : 30.41 X 3 (days ) = 91.23 Weekday 1.8 1.4 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 7.1 1.3 1.2 3.2 1.2 2.1 1.7
Friday : 32.34 X 3 = 97.02 Weekend 1.8 1.4 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.9 2.6 1 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 6.2 1.2 1.3 3.9 2.1 4.1 1.7
Saturday : 36.45 X 3 = 109.35
Sunday : 39.06 X 3 = 117.18 Weekday Weekend
Monday : 35.84 X3 = 107.52
Tuesday : 30.41 X 3 = 91.23

Sum : 143.36 + 91.23 + 97.02 + 109.35 + 117.18 + 107.52 + 91.23 + 210.24 12am – 7am has no difference in energy consumption between weekdays and weekends as everyone is asleep at the around the
= 967.13 kWh same time on weekdays and weekends. A few sharp difference is due to certain appliances used.

Total Energy Usage of Each Space ( Weekdays)

toilet 2 There is a huge difference between 2 toilets due to long hours of lights Monday and Wednesday has the highest total energy
toilet (master bedroom) switched on in toilet 2 because no daylight can get in, unlike toilet in consumption of 35.8 kWh among weekdays. Friday
master bedroom has an awning window has second highest with 32.34kWh because
Car Porch convection oven was not used on Friday. Lastly,
Bedroom 4 Tuesday and Thursday energy consumption is lowest,
Bedroom 3 30.41 kWh. Due to user behaviour

Area Bedroom 2 Hair dryer is used on alternate days during weekdays Bedroom 2 has the highest energy consumption
Master Bedroom Washing machine is operated on alternate days among other bedrooms as it is the hottest room and
I spent most of my time working inside and turn on
Laundry Wet Kitchen is located outdoor, so it does not rely much on daylight and ventilators air conditioner.
Wet Kitchen

Kitchen (Dining + dry kitchen ) Convection Oven is used on Monday and Wednesday
Living Room

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00

fri thur wed tue mon Energy Consumption (kWh)

Total Energy Usage of Each Space ( Weekends)

toilet 2 There is not much difference of energy consumption between spaces on Saturday
toilet (master bedroom) and Sunday except laundry area and dry kitchen. As washing machine is switched
on alternately , including weekends. It was being used on Saturday as my father
Car Porch and 2nd eldest brother are back, therefore laundry increases. Whereas for
Bedroom 4 appliances in dry kitchen, as we usually dine out on Saturday so those appliances
Bedroom 3 are not being used.

Area Bedroom 2

Master Bedroom Washing machine is operated on Saturday
Laundry

Wet Kitchen Rice Cooker, Convection Oven and Microwave are
Kitchen (Dining + dry kitchen ) used on Sunday

Living Room

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00

sun sat Energy Consumption (kWh)

Comparison of Energy Usage on Weekday (Monday) and Weekend (Sunday)

toilet 2 The large difference in energy consumption is due to 2nd eldest brother is back on weekends. Therefore, water
toilet (master bedroom) heater is turned on for longer hours.
Heater and lights which operated for longer hours during weekends because my father is back on weekends
Car Porch
Bedroom 4 Slight increase is due to slightly longer hours of electric gate usage, as more people go out and returning home.
2nd eldest brother is sharing room with eldest brother, therefore there is a slight increase on weekends

Area Bedroom 3

Bedroom 2 Father is back on weekends, therefore there is a slight increase on weekends Bedroom 2 does not have difference on weekdays
Master Bedroom and weekends because I was still doing assignments,

Laundry Washing machine is turned on Monday and not operated on Sunday
Wet Kitchen
Kitchen (Dining + dry kitchen ) No difference in wet kitchen as it is located outdoor and does not rely much on other appliances except for light and stand fan,
Living Room which is still operating same on weekdays and weekends
Rice cooker is used on Sunday because my father
will usually cook on Sunday, whereas Monday
we will dine out or takeaway.

Air Conditioner is turned on weekends as we spend time at the living room together.

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00

Sun Mon Energy Consumption (kWh)

Top 10 Hig hest Energ y Consumption Applianc es

33.6 234.20 air conditioner Appliances Total kWh Air conditioner is highest because it is operated in 3 bedrooms daily
40.79 refridgerator air conditioner 234.2 and living room on weekends.
49.00 heater refridgerator 132.06 Two refrigerators contribute 132.06 kWh with one 5 energy star
53.42 laptop water heater 115.34 rating whereas the other one with no energy star.
water dispenser 76.26
55.14 water pump laptop 61.38 Water heater with 115.34 kWh is the third highest energy
ceiling fan water dispenser consumption appliance.
61.38 132.06 convection oven 55.14 Laptop in bedroom 2 which is being used for long hours regardless
Ceiling LEDLights water pump 53.42 weekends or weekdays. Furthermore, gaming laptop which is being
76.26 television ceiling fan used consume more power than common laptops.
115.34 convection oven 49 Water dispenser which provide hot and cold water is turned on 24
Ceiling LED Lights 40.79 hours daily, water will be heated automatically when water level is
television 33.6 dropped.

Bill Calculation Tariff Breakdown Water Bill
Household of 5 people
Electricity Bill 26th April 2021 – 27th May 2021 Source of Tariff :https://www.sesb.com.my/sites/default/files/uploads/attachments/basic-
Total Energy Consumption (kWh) : 1023 page/17/sesb-approved-tariff-structure-rates2014.pdf

Block Tariff Block Pro- Rate Amount
(kWh) Rate (kWh) (RM) (RM)

1-100 103 0.175 18.03

101-200 104 0.185 19.24

201-300 103 0.330 33.99 * Water bill in Sabah is charged every 3-4 months
301-500 207 0.445 92.12
501-1000 103 0.450 46.35 Water consumption for 10 Feb – 5 May : 149 m3
403 0.450 181.35 Total days : 84 days
1001 1 day : 1.77 m3
onwards 1023 391.08 31days X 1.77 m3 = 54.87m3 55 m3
Average Water Usage (liters) per person per day : ( 1.77 X 1000 ) / 5 people = 354 liters
total

Details Non-Taxable Taxable Total CO2 Emission
Usage 620 403 1023
(kWh) Electric usage : 1023 kwh Water Usage : 55 m3 Transport Usage : RM 600
209.73 181.35 391.08 CO2 Emission : 709.962 KgCo2 CO2 Emission : 230.45 KgCo2 CO2 Emission : 736.798 KgCo2
RM 0 10.88 10.88
Tax (6%) 6.26
KWTBB 3.36 2.9
408.22
(1.6%)
Total
usage (RM)

The reason of 5% difference between actual energy Total CO2 Emission : 1.68 Tonne CO2
consumption and counted energy consumption is the 43 trees are needed to be planted
energy consumption contributed by ghost devices, in to absorb total carbon dioxide
("Vampire Power: The Complete Guide to Getting Rid emissions for the month
of Vampire Energy", 2018) , it was stated that it can
account for as much as 20% of monthly electricity bill. Daily Temperature 26th April – 27th May
Besides that, appliances with energy star rating may Source : AccuWeather
consume more electricity in actual compared to the
given energy consumption figure labelled. Last but not
least, user behavior, according to the daily
temperature, April to May 2021 are mostly with high
temperature, therefore, air conditioners may operate
for more hours some days.

Energy Saving Potential Strategies 3. Use Low E Glass ii. Daylight
( Solar Control Low-E Coatings )
i. Heat Gain Reduction as Windows Roof Solar Tube
1. Roof Insulation Clear Plastic
2. Add more
Vegetation at
Side Garden

Trees can help to lower Solar Control Low- Solar Tube Used for transmitting or
down surface E Glass : Transmit Attic distributing natural light
temperature through high amounts of for the purpose
visible light and IR of illumination through
internal reflection.
evapotranspiration.
Besides that, they
provide shading to the Ceiling

walls and windows thus Infrared Internal Space
reduce the U value of Visible Not much daylight is able to
walls. Ultraviolet get into deeper parts of living
room.

Zinc Sheet Glass will Similar to living room, this area Living
reflect, absorb has no openings that allow Area
Air gap between Aluminium Foil and transmit daylight to enter, since it is a
corrugated zinc sheet Rockwool ( Insulation)` with each part dining area, solar tube can Dining Area &
allows radiant heat to of the solar help to decrease use of Dry Kitchen
be reflected. Aluminium Foil energy artificial light
Ausmesh Toilet
Wood Structure spectrum.
Gypsum Ceiling
Air Gap This toilet is located at the
most inner part and has no
Outdoor Indoor openings to daylight

iii. Ventilation Placement of Solar Tube

U- value of Roof after Insulation When Sun heats the roof, hot air inside the attic can escape through vent turbine. Hot air is displaced by cooler air which is
drawn in from lower intake vents. This way, hot air will not get to the spaces below.
Thermal Thermal
Layer & Material Thickness (m) Conductivity Resistance Heat Heat Powered by the wind. When the
(Km2/W) wind blows the right way, it
External Surface - (W/mK) Cool Air Vent Turbine turns the fan, which in turn
Zinc Roofing 0.0007 - 0.04 draws up air from the attic and
0.000016 0.0000064 disperses it.
Aluminium Foil 110 0.00000007
235
1.43
Rockwool Insulation 0.05 0.035 0.00000007

Aluminium Foil 0.000016 235 0.18 Hot Air Mounted under

Air Gap - - 0.0765 eaves to let the
air enter roof
0.13 space, whilst
Gypsum wallboard 0.013 0.17 1.86 preventing birds,
Ceiling 0.54
insects, from
Internal Surface - - entering.

Total Resistance Eaves Vent

U-Value Comply with UBBL Clause 38 A (b)

v. Rainwater Harvesting vii. Appliances viii. User Behaviour
1. Energy Star
Water Tank Toilet Flushing 1. Carpool According to CO2

Transport Usage : RM 600 Emission calculation,
CO2 Emission : 736.798 KgCo2 transport has
Water Plants contributed to 736.798

Washing Car KgCO2 carbon emission.
Therefore, carpooling is
greatly encouraged at
my home to reduce
Rain Chain usage of petrol.

2. Installation of Smart Power Strip

Appliances with Energy Star The actual bill is 6% higher than the total
energy consumption calculated, part of it is due
to ghost devices. These devices continue to
consume energy even when the devices are
switched off , in sleep mode or standby mode.

Smart power strips can actually cut power off and save
energy since they are able to detect when a device is
in standby mode.
Air
Underground Cistern Conditioner Refrigerator Television Fan 3. Switch off and Unplug when not bring used

Filter Energy star appliances helps to save energy thus lower A lot of devices still consume energy when plugged in. Switching off

There is an existing rain chain located near car porch, it was not being utilized properly for many year, down electricity bill. At the same time, it protects the unused devices and unplug and avoid this ghost energy
therefore it creates a great opportunity for rainwater harvesting. By having an underground cistern
underground, rainwater can be stored and pumped back to water tank for other uses. This minimize environment while not sacrificing the performance. 4. Change of Workplace
the usage of water from mains and reduce wastage by reusing the rainwater. The electrical usage of Higher energy start rating appliances signifies better
water pump can be offset by solar energy. energy efficiency. Some of the appliances at home are Bedroom 2 has the highest energy
old and consumes a lot of energy, especially air consumption among all spaces at
conditioner that was being switched on everyday day. home, due to long hours of usage

vi. Renewable Energy and additional hours of air
conditioner operation because it is
Solar PV System Installation 2. Motion Sensor Lights the hottest space.

Total Energy Consumption of Ceiling LED lights in a month : 40.79 kWh

Certain appliances are required and consume a lot Ceiling LED lights are the top 9 highest energy Changing of workspace to living
of energy such as refrigerator and air conditioners. consumption appliances at home. Although there room and dining area may reduce
Therefore, by installing PV panels, the solar energy are a few lights are sensible light , they will turn on energy consumption as these
can help to counterbalance some energy when the illuminance has dropped down to a spaces are cooler.
consumed by water heater, refrigerator and air certain level, however, they are consistently turned
conditioner. Furthermore, it is a sustainable on when not in use, which wastes a lot of energy.
method which does not cause harm to By changing these lights to motion sensor lights, it
environment. will light up when there is movement and turned
off automatically when it does not sense any
movement for certain period of time.

References

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What is Low-E Glass & Does it Make Windows Energy Efficient? - ~. (2017). Retrieved 26 June 2021, from https://www.stanekwindows.com/what-is-low-e-glass-and-does-it-make-windows-more-
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