Shanty Y. Rachmat Urban and Regional Planning Department ...

Shanty Y. Rachmat
Urban and Regional Planning Department

University of Florida

Acknowledge : Parking Project – Urban and Regional Planning PI : Ruth Steiner
Annual Student
Conference
May 4, 2011

 Introduction  Empirical Study

◦ Background

◦ Problem Statement ◦ Position

◦ Research Question ◦ Methods

 Definition  Result – Demand

 Methods  Result – Surface

◦ Data  Conclusion

◦ Analysis  Weakness and Future

 Parking Policies Research

 The Mismatch Summary

Background
 Parking Activity – Importance

◦ Dominates the land usage
◦ Land use activities will generate transportation trips
◦ Land use and transportation - reciprocal link

 “Supply and Demand Mismatch from Parking” leads to
parking problems*

 Examining supply – demand and fundamental parking
problem is also important step **

 Parking policy is considered as effective policy to manage
demand in city center ***

*(Salomon, 1986) ;** (Ligocki and Zonn ,1984) ;*** (Shiftan and Burd-Eden, 2001)

Problem Statement
Ranging proposed Parking Management Solutions without
structured linkage to Demand – Supply Mismatch

Research Question
 What is the relation between “the mismatch in parking

supply and demand” and “parking problems and proper
proposed solution”?
 How do that mismatch conditions occur in downtown
Miami, spatially?

Demand for Parking
“the relationship between price of parking and the number of
parked cars”*

Supply for Parking
The numbers of Parking lots that are available**
Categories : (where, who control, which motorists)***

- On street and Off street
- Public, Private Publicly, Private Residential and Non Residential

Mismatch Demand-Supply
one is over another, or equilibrium is not achieved

*(Shoup 2005) ; **(TRB, 2003) ; ***(Plymouth, 2006)

Data for Structuring the Mismatch
 Literatures

Problems, Proposed Solutions and Success cases

Data for Empirical Study
 Parking Project that is carried on by University of Florida

Parking inventory (on supply side)

 Florida Geographic Data Library

Parcels in the CBD, Land use, and Total area

 Miami Dade Tax Appraisal website

Land value and Total floor

 The Institute of Transportation Engineers or ITE

Parking Generation – Land Use

 Analysis in structuring the mismatch

Proposed Characteristics: Structuring
Solution – -Problems Mismatch Demand Supply:
- Conditions
Parking -Problems
Management Characteristics: - Solutions
-Problems
Strategies - Strategies

Cases and
Results – using

specific
strategies

Available Supply-Demand proposed solutions
 Parking Pricing

 Chicago, Illinois – Increase Fee – D>S in downtown*

 Parking Cap/Max
 Shared Parking/Flexible Parking Standard/In Lieu Parking
 Regulate Parking

 Norfolk, Virginia – 1 hour free parking retail and metered financial district**

 Parking Benefit District

 Alexandria, Virginia – Parking Permit – D>S in commercial-residential***

 Financial Incentives
 Unbundle Parking
 Taxes for Parking
 Alternative Mode and Transit Related
 Soft Strategies – Information, Reservation, Payment System

*((Kunze, Heramb, and Martin 1981)
; **((Olsson and Miller 1980); ***(Akan 1994,
53-53).

Problems Mismatch Commercial Residential Retail
Condition
Commercial * *** Low **
D<S performance
Residential Impose other Spillover to
Retail S>D use to parking residential Retail

D<S Underutilized Non Peak – empty Non Peak –
parking lots empty parking
S>D
D<S Illegal parking lots
S>D
Attached – empty Spillover to
Sprawl Residential

Non Peak –
empty parking

lots

Cruising Parking

Underutilized

Solution Mismatch Commercial Residential Retail
Commercial Condition
Parking Pricing * *** Time **
D<S Financial Regulated
Incentives Parking Benefit
S>D District Parking

Taxes Parking Max Shared Parking

D<S Higher Price Parking Permit
S>D Permit
Residential D<S
Retail S>D Unbundle Parking Shared Parking

Variable price
Regulate

Taxes

 Miami Downtown Area

 Analysis Structuring
Mismatch
Demand Supply

Parking Parcel Data Supply Parcels
Inventory

Nearest Mismatch
Distance Surface
Model

IDW

Parcel Data Different ITE Parking Demand Parcels
Generated Generation
Land Uses Spatial Analyst/Statistics tool
in ArcGIS software

 Demand –Land Use

S>D

D>S Comm-Retail

D>S
Comm - Residential

 Supply minus Demand – Surface

 The Importance of understanding Spatial Mismatch
Supply and Demand in Parking

 High correlation between mismatch problems and
parking strategies

 Empirical study in Miami shows mismatch problem
happening and may requires specific strategies

 Problems and Solutions are arranged correctly

◦ Allocate specific strategies in proper locations

 Insight for further parking policy implementation

◦ Over supply in less preferable locations, may be proposed as
park and ride location

 Private Parking –  Next Step : Field Check
Existing Parking
Requirement  Incorporate Transit Role
in supporting parking
 ITE Parking Generation policy and in reverse

 Land Use Categorization  Political Goals
in Parcel Data

Event Parking, School,
College

 Retail meets Residential
need