FINDING AIDS: THE ANTIQUITY OF SELANGOR
FINDING AIDS: THE ANTIQUITY OF SELANGOR FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PUNCAK PERDANA CAMPUS NO. 1 Jalan Pulau Angsa AU10/A, Seksyen U10, 40150 Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan FIRST ISSUE 2024/ COPYRIGHT Each of this publication shall not be reproduced, stored for production or transform to another form, either by electronic means, mechanics, photograph, recording and otherwise without the written permission of the Faculty of Information Management ADVISOR Dr. Hussain Hashim Head of School Information Science EDITOR Datin Jannatul Iza Ahmad Kamal COMPILER Nur Ilyani Binti Ramli Nurul Ain Sofia Binti Roshammi Nur Anessa Sofea Binti Mohd Faizal Hareez Shah Razin Bin Saiful Azirin Nurin Insyirah Binti Mohamad Shamlan kppim.uitm.edu.my
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. We would like to express our deepest appreciation to our lecturer, Madam Jannatul for her effort and guidance that she provided for us during completing our assignment project throughout the semester. Your invaluable patience and helpful advice were really helpful to us during the assignment’s completion. Next, we would be remiss in not mentioning our beloved family, especially our parents. They have been supporting us during our hard time to complete the assignment and profound belief in our work. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to our group members that have always been together during the ups and down during completing the assignment project. Without them, we would have been struggling during the process. Their belief has kept our spirits and motivation high while doing the assignment. I
EXPLANATORY NOTES This finding aids book is prepared to facilitate the retrieving and use of records and archival materials related to the ‘The Antiquity of Selangor’. Various of information can be obtained from both electronic and non electronic sources. The list of available materials include records that related to a collection of types of images. This finding aids book aims to help researchers to find and obtain the desired material easily. All the materials are listed according to the type of collection that document simple inventory and description of selected materials. The content of this finding aids is based on the materials available in the National Archives of Malaysia. II
TABLE OF CONTENT CONTENT PAGES Acknowledgement I Explanatory Notes II Table of Contents III Abbreviations IV Chapter I: Background of Selangor How it began? Selangor’s Amazing Tale Klang: Where history resonates and diversity flourishes 1-6 III
TABLE OF CONTENT CONTENT PAGES Chapter 11: Notable figures in Selangor Dato Hamzah B. Abdullah Tan Sri Abdul Kadir Bin Shamduddin Tun V.T. Sambanthan Yap Ah Loy Major Edwin Tappen Henry Gough 7-12 Chapter III: Historical Places in Selangor History Kota Raja Mahadi, Klang Main Gate of Kota Raja Mahadi, Klang Istana Alauddin, Kampung Bandar, Kuala Langat Gedong Raja Abdullah Kota Tanjong Keramat, Kuala Selangor 13-17 Chapter IV: Tin Oil Mining in Selangor Tin Oil Mining in Selangor 18-21
TABLE OF CONTENT CONTENT PAGES Chapter V: Cultural Heritage of Selangor Cuisine of Selangor Costume of Selangor Traditional game Performing Arts 22-26 Indexes V References VI
NO. ABBREVIATIONS DESCRIPTION 1. ANM Arkib Negara Malaysia ABBREVIATIONS IV
CHAPTER 1 : BACKGROUND OF SELANGOR Nurul Ain Sofia Binti Roshammi
Some believe that "Selangor" is probably a shortened form of "Kuala Mentangau, " a mangrove swamp that was visited by early colonists and which later gave rise to the town of "Kuala Selangor." On the other hand, some individuals find value in the folktale about the warrior who was annoyed by a "langau" that kept falling on his nose as he slept. He gave up after trying to swat it multiple times without success. From now on, he would call the area Selangau. (se, the short form of the word "satu, " which means one).One of Malaysia's thirteen states is Selangor, also called "Abode of Sincerity" in Arabic, Daryl Ethan. It is situated on the western coast of the Peninsular, with the Strait of Malacca to the west, Negeri Sembilan to the south, Pahang to the east, and Perak to the north. Completely surround are the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, which were once under the jurisdiction of Selangor. Shah Alam, the first city in Selangor, is the state capital; Klang is the royal capital. Petaling Jaya, which was granted city status on June 20, 2006, is another significant metropolitan center. Sarawak and Selangor are the only two states in Malaysia that have several cities. Malaysia's largest city, Selangor, is expanding quickly as a result of the Klang Valley's industrialization. When it comes to GDP per capita, Selangor is the wealthiest state in Malaysia. This state has excellent transportation and roadway infrastructure, making it the most developed in all of Malaysia. In addition, the state offers the highest population in Malaysia, the lowest rate of poverty, and a high standard of living. HOW IT BEGAN? 1
Selangor’s Amazing Tale Selangor was the main producer and trade centre of tin. Chinese labourers were brought in to work in the tin mines. The Klang River played an important role as a main port for the export of tin to western traders. In 1850, Raja Abdullah was appointed as Klang’s administrator. He leased Klang to two foreign traders for tax collection.The son of Chief Raja Mahdi refused to pay tax to the foreigners. In 1867, Raja Mahdi gained the support of the Sumatran Malays who had resented the Bugis. Raja Mahdi’s supporters conquered Klang and the Civil War began. Ghee Hin and Hai San, two Chinese miners, were at war about who would be in charge of the tin mining. They connected themselves with opposing Malay chiefs. Ghee Hin sided with Raja Mahdi, while Hai San sided with Tengku Kudin and Kuala Lumpur's third Chinese Kapitan, Yap Ah Loy. Figure 1: H.M.C.I. Pluto in Klang River Identifier Number: 2006/0050018W SAMPLE 2
Selangor’s Amazing Tale Due to the war's effects on the economy and the loss of mining investments, the Sultan of Selangor had to agree to be a British Resident in 1874. After the battle, Tengku Kudin was given responsibility of Kuala Selangor by the British.The Sultan and state leaders' authority was restricted by British administration in Malaya and the presence of a British Resident. The Malay ruler's privileges were taken away in 1909 with the formation of the Federal Council, with the exception of situations in which they had to provide British officers weak advice on issues like Malay religion and traditions. The Sultans gained greater authority over the British when the ruler of Selangor and other states quit from the Federal Council. This went on until 1941, when the Japanese conquered West Malaya. Figure 2: Selangor Sec. British Residents Office, Selangor, 1890. Identifier Number: 1998/0016598W SAMPLE 3
Klang: Where history resonates and diversity flourishes Klang or Kelang was the capital of Selangor in an earlier period prior to the emergence of Kuala Lumpur and the current state capital, Shah Alam. Two theories of the name have emerged. One is that it is derived from the Mon– Khmer word Klong,which may mean a canal or waterway and refers to streams and rivers in the area. The other is that it means “warehouses” , from the Malay word kilang and refers to its role as a port in the old days with storage facilities and warehouses. The town’s history in fact goes back to prehistoric times. Bronze Age drums, axes and other artefacts have been found in the vicinity of the town. A bronze bell dating from the 2nd century BC was found in Klang and is now in the British Museum. Also found in or near Klang are iron tools called “tulang mawas” (“ape bones”) and a bronze drum indicating its strategic importance even before the better known early Malacca sultanate. It has been mentioned as a dependency of other states as early as the 11th century and has also been cited in the 14th century literary work Nagarakretagama dated to the Majapahit Empire. Chinese records indicate that the river was marked in the maritime charts of Admiral Cheng Ho on his visits to Malacca from 1409 to 1433. Klang came under the control of the Malacca Sultanate in the 15th century. Tun Perak, Malacca’s greatest Bendahara, was from Klang and became its territorial chief. Klang was then known as a producer of tin. According to Malay-Portuguese explorer and cartographer, Manuel Godin de Erédia, it produced one hundred bares of tin a year when the Portuguese occupied Malacca. Klang remained in Malay hands after the fall of Melaka to the Portuguese in 1511, and was controlled by the Sultan of Johor-Riau. In the 17th century, the Bugis began to settle in the coastal region of Selangor including Klang, and the Selangor sultanate was created in 1766, which then controlled Klang until the advent of British residential rule in 1874. 4
Although overshadowed by the growth and development of Kuala Lumpur after the 1880s, Klang was an important center for the colonial economy of British Malaya. Until the construction of Port Swettenham (now known as Port Klang) in 1901, Klang remained the chief outlet for Selangor’s tin, and its position was enhanced by the completion of the Klang Valley railway to Bukit Kuda in 1886, which was then connected to Klang itself via a rail bridge, the Connaught Bridge, completed in 1890. The town’s growth was further stimulated by development in the district as the State’ leading producer of coffee and rubber. In 1903, the royal seat was moved back to Klang when it became the official seat of Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah. In May 1890, a local authority, known as Klang Health Board, was established to administer Klang town. The official boundary of Klang was first defined in 1895. The first road bridge over the Klang River connecting the two parts of the town, the Belfield Bridge, was constructed in 1908. In 1926 the health boards of Klang and Port Swettenham were merged, and in 1945 the local authority was renamed Klang Town Board. In 1954, the Town Board became the Klang Town Council after a local election to select its members in accordance with the Local Government Election Ordinance of 1950. Klang: Where history resonates and diversity flourishes SAMPLE Figure 3: Town Council,Klang. Identifier Number: 2001/0026802W 5
In 1963, Selangor joined the Federation of Malaysia, and Kuala Lumpur, the state capital, came to popularity as the center for finance, trade, and business. Shah Alam became the new capital when Selangor gave Kuala Lumpur to the federal government in 1974. Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya became one Federal Territory in 2001. In 2005, Selangor was recognized as a modern state. From a progressive state to a trailblazing nation in Malaysia. Long ago, Shah Alam was known as Sungai Renggam and is known only as an oil palm estate. Later, the same area was identified as Batu Tiga prior to Malaysian independence, and has been a centre of palm oil trade for centuries.Shah Alam, the state capital of Selangor, is currently a modern township bordered on the outside by Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, and five other big townships, including Klang, Bangi, and Kajang. Situated in a favorable midpoint between Kuala Lumpur, the country's capital, and the bustling Port Klang, this site offers advantages. Situated about 15 minutes from Subang Kuala Lumpur International Airport, the city is roughly 25 to 30 km west of Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. SAMPLE Figure 4: Federal Council, Members. Group Photograph, Selangor State Secretariat Identifier Number: 2001/0025996W 6
CHAPTER 1I: NOTABLE FIGURES IN SELANGOR Nur Anessa Sofea Binti Mohd Faizal
Figure 5 : Selangor Prime Minister, Dato Hamzah B. Abdullah Identifier Number: 2001/0047291W Dato Hamzah B. Abdullah Selangor was the main producer and trade centre of tin. Chinese labourers were brought in to work in the tin mines. The Klang River played an important role as a main port for the export of tin to western traders. In 1850, Raja Abdullah was appointed as Klang’s administrator. He leased Klang to two foreign traders for tax collection.The son of Chief Raja Mahdi refused to pay tax to the foreigners. In 1867, Raja Mahdi gained the support of the Sumatran Malays who had resented the Bugis. Raja Mahdi’s supporters conquered Klang and the Civil War began. Ghee Hin and Hai San, two Chinese miners, were at war about who would be in charge of the tin mining. They connected themselves with opposing Malay chiefs. Ghee Hin sided with Raja Mahdi, while Hai San sided with Tengku Kudin and Kuala Lumpur's third Chinese Kapitan, Yap Ah Loy. Due to the war's effects on the economy and the loss of mining investments, the Sultan of Selangor had to agree to be a British Resident in 1874. SAMPLE After the battle, Tengku Kudin was given responsibility of Kuala Selangor by the British.The Sultan and state leaders' authority was restricted by British administration in Malaya and the presence of a British Resident. The Malay ruler's privileges were taken away in 1909 with the formation of the Federal Council, with the exception of situations in which they had to provide British officers weak advice on issues like Malay religion and traditions. The Sultans gained greater authority over the British when the ruler of Selangor and other states quit from the Federal Council. This went on until 1941, when the Japanese conquered West Malaya. 7
Figure 6: Tan Sri Abdul Kadir Bin Shamsuddin Looking At The Private Records Of Sir Stamford Raffles Which Were Delivered By Sir Michael Walker To The National Archives Of Malaysia, In Petaling Jaya; 15.10.1970 Identifier Number: 2001/0054160W One of Tan Sri Abdul Kadir’s noteworthy trait is his unwavering sense of public duty. As picture stated he keeps a watchful eyes on the legacy of figures such as Sir Stamford Raffles when he is submitting private records to the Arkib Negara Malaysia (ANM). In doing so, Tan Sri Abdul Kadir has illustrate the essence of what true leadership. SAMPLE Tan Sri Abdul Kadir Bin Shamduddin Tan Sri Abdul Kadir Shamsuddin, born on November 03, 1920. He started an academic career that took him to Bristol University and Yale University. Through the silent pages of the Southeast Asian Social Science Review, a bit of his life is shared, illuminating a person who achievements have frequently been overlooked 8
Figure 9: Speaking of Tun V.T. Sambanthan at the Prime Meeting Room, Tun Hussein Onn Memorial, Kuala Lumpur on 22 February 2008 Identifier number :2009/0004885W Figure 7: Speaking of Tun V.T. Sambanthan at the Prime Meeting Room, Tun Hussein Onn Memorial, Kuala Lumpur on 22 February 2008 Identifier Number: 2009/0004888W SAMPLE SAMPLE Figure 8: Speaking of Tun V.T. Sambanthan at the Prime Meeting Room, Tun Hussein Onn Memorial, Kuala Lumpur on 22 February 2008 Identifier Number: 2009/0004887W SAMPLE Tun V.T. Sambanthan 9
Figure 10: Yap Ah Loy, Kapitan of China, T.T Identifier Number: 2001/0022300W Yap Ah Loy (born March 14, 1837, Kwangtung Province, China—died April 15, 1885, Kuala Lumpur, Malay Peninsula) was a leader of the Chinese community of Kuala Lumpur, who was largely responsible for the development of that city as a commercial and mining centre. Yap Ah Loy arrived in the Malay state of Selangor in 1856 at the age of 19. He spent his first years in the peninsula as a miner and petty trader, but in 1862 his fortunes improved when his friend Liu Ngim Kong became Capitan China of Kuala Lumpur, a position not only of leadership within the Chinese community but also of liaison with the Malay political system and, after British intervention in 1874, with British officials as well. He served as Liu’s trusted lieutenant and became the new Capitan China after Liu’s death in 1869, upon which he began to put together a sound administration and a strong fighting force. SAMPLE Yap Ah Loy 10
When civil war broke out in Selangor in 1870, Yap Ah Loy was faced with internecine fighting among dissident Chinese groups as well as attacks from Malay factions. His decisive victory at Kuala Lumpur in 1873 proved to be the turning point of the war and left him in a strong political position. Until 1879 he was almost supreme in the interior of the state. As the acknowledged leader of the Chinese community he had been given the powers of a Malay ruling chief by the British except for the right to tax, a restriction he easily evaded. He achieved a striking postwar recovery in the mining industry and established Kuala Lumpur as the economic centre of the peninsula. Through his control of the tin market, his ownership of local “farms” (monopolies on the sale of items such as opium and exclusive control of activities such as gambling), and his diverse business interests, he amassed a considerable personal fortune. Figure 10: Yap Ah Loy, Kapitan of China, T.T Identifier Number: 2001/0022300W SAMPLE Yap Ah Loy 11
The first of these pioneers was Major Edwin Tappen Henry Gough for it was he who selected the land in Ulu Langat District which was to become Prang Besar Estate. Prang Besar Estate Ltd. in commemoration of the Great War, “the war to end all wars” , which they had fought. The seal or chop adopted by Prang Besar Estate showed a young rubber tree rising out of a shell explosion and was designed by one of the nine, Lt. Commander JC Amcotts, DSC,RN. Another pioneer was Commander GHA Willis, CB, RN, who had a field Ladang Wilis named after him. The Main efforts of Prang Besar Estate were to get the whole estate budgrafted with the best material possible, next to conserve the soil, then to lay the foundations for producing high yielding trees with good secondary qualities and to produce seed which would breed true to type. Figure 11: Rubber Factory, Prang Besar Kajang, Selangor. 15/11/1994 Identifier Number: 2000/0011620W SAMPLE Major Edwin Tappen Henry Gough He was a man of vision who was able to convince his colleagues, all of them ex serviceman and fellow planters, of the merits of budgrafting and persuaded them to invest their money in this scheme. 12
CHAPTER 1II: HISTORICAL PLACES OF SELANGOR Nurin Insyirah Binti Mohamad Shamlan
In 1866, Raja Mahadi Ibni Almarhum Raja Sulaiman built this city and named it Kota Raja Mahadi in Klang. In the 19th century, this city experienced 2 series of civil wars which is the main point of history about this city. King Abdullah Ibni Almarhum Raja Jaafar has received the award of the Klang River and the areas on both banks of the river. Because of that, the first civil war broke out and was the cause of this fight between the brothers. During these areas which were the former areas belonging to King Sulaiman, the father of King Mahadi under the administration of King Abdullah, have become rich. Because of this, King Mahadi is envious of King Abdullah's achievements and has claimed his right, which is his father's former area. So, a civil war broke out between the first two parties. On the hill of Kota Raja Mahadi, he made his stronghold during the war between these brothers. HISTORY OF KOTA RAJA MAHADI KLANG Figure 12: Majlis Pembandaran Kelang (Front View The inside of Kota Raja Mahadi, Kelang Identifier Number: 1998/0007913W SAMPLE According to sources on the Official Website of the Selangor State Malay Heritage and Heritage Corporation as well, King Mahadi's followers had built a fortress at King Abdullah's Gedung during the war. Raja Mahadi has completed his war tools including cannons found from Kuala Selangor and he has also built a fort made of earth. King Mahadi can overcome every attack given, thanks to his strong city can help him in the war. Then, Tengku Kudin from Kedah came as a mediator in the fight in 1868 where the second Civil War took place. Tengku Kudin tried to make peace, but the effort to make peace was rejected by Raja Mahadi. This caused Tengku Kudin to attack and defeat Raja Mahadi with his army. Kota Raja Mahadi was made the residence of Tengku Kudin until 1898. 13
Figure 14: The backview of Kota Raja Mahadi (In the City Area), Kelang Identifier No: 1998/0008513W Figure 15: Front of Kota Raja Mahadi, Seen Children Descending to the Bank of the Kelang River Identifier No: 1998/0008532W MAIN GATE OF KOTA RAJA MAHADI KLANG Figure 13: The Front of King Mahadi City, Seen Children Descending to the Bank of the Kelang River Identifier No: 1998/0008534W SAMPLE SAMPLE SAMPLE 14
In 1899, Istana Alaedin or known as Istana Bandar which is located about fifteen kilometers from Banting, Selangor and was also built near the City Mosque. The owner and guardian of Istana Alaedin is the late Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah (1865-1938). He chose this site not far from the existing road and river in the area. There are several reasons why His Majesty chose the site which is close to the main transport hub. This is because the main transport hub connects Jugra and Klang with the town of Temasya. This site was once attacked by outsiders from the island of Java because this site used to be one of the places of attraction for people including outsiders and this site was developed by the local community. Figure 16: Istana Bandar Jugra, Selangor Identifier No: 2001/0054309W Istana Alauddin, Kampung Banda, Kuala Langat Based on the official website of the Selangor State Malay Customs and Heritage Corporation, His Royal Highness Sultan Alaedin himself has financed the entire structure of this building. According to the source, this building was also built due to several factors that happened between Tengku Ampuan Mahrum and his wife. In the 1920s, his wife died and had the opportunity to occupy the palace for the first 3 years only. Then in 1938, Sultan Alauddin passed away and occupied this palace for 35 years until his death. Apart from the interesting historical background of this palace, Sultan Alaedin Palace also has a unique architectural form using some local architecture such as Moorish and Colonial. Apart from combining elements of strong relations between rulers, it also links elements of local architecture as well as colonial architecture. SAMPLE 15
In 1856, this building was built in Pekan Klang. According to sources from the official website of the National Heritage Department, this building was used as a residence and place to store tin grains. His Majesty Sultan Muhammad Shah bestowed the title of "Orang Besar Klang" to Raja Abdullah Bin Raja Jaafar who is known as the younger brother of Raja Jumaat, Lukut in 1853. In the old days, Kuala Lumpur was a place of tin mines which used to be known as Ulu Sungai Klang. King Abdullah is said to have succeeded in opening several tin mines in the area. At that time, the representative of the Sultan, King Abdullah, was ordered to trade tin and collect the produce that had been produced in the Klang Valley. Figure 17 : Gedung Raja Abdullah, Kelang Identifier No: 1998/0007455W Gedong Raja Abdullah SAMPLE In 1866, there was a Civil War in this area, where the followers of King Mahadi had made the drum as a fortress that had been fortified not far from this area to King Mahadi's City. This building was not only used as a fortress, but it was also used as the District Administration Center by the First English Resident J.G Davidson. Until 1970, the building was also used as the District Police Station and then the Tin Museum by the Selangor State Museum Board. This building has several interesting features, namely this building is characterized by Anglo-Indian architecture combined with local architecture in the 19th century. This building has a wooden floor on the upper floor and a cement floor on the lower floor and uses wood with concrete pillars that are built lengthwise and high. 16
Bukit Tanjong Keramat or known as Bukit Belanda which is located near Kota Melawati. Kota Tanjong Keramat has several facilities which are used as a traffic for ships and also a strategic position and close to Kuala Sungai Selangor which facilitates surveillance of the military forces from the enemy. Bukit Tanjong Keramat was built into a city. This is because it is used as a defense center and a fortress to defend the kingdom of Selangor from enemies. The Sultan who was responsible for the construction of the city was Sultan Ibrahim at that time. Due to the construction of the city being responsible for Sultan Ibrahim, so its construction has western elements (Dutch) and has been equipped with several cannons. Kota Tanjong Keramat, Kuala Selangor The materials used for the central defense wall are heaps of earth and solid stones so that it is difficult to penetrate the fort. In 1784, this city was named Utrecht City after the name of the warship used by Van Brac who was the head of the Dutch East India Company when the Dutch captured Kuala Selangor. In Tanjong Shrine, there are also several historical tourist attractions such as the Anak Dara Shrine, also known as the Rubiah Shrine, which is located on a small rocky hill. There is a sign that tells about the Sacred Tomb of the Virgin, which tells about a girl who ran away because to avoid being forced into marriage. Figure 18: Kota Tanjong Keramat Identifier Number: 2001/0026808W SAMPLE Figure 19: The surroundings of Bukit Tanjong Keramat near Bukit Malawati Identifier Number: 2001/0026808W SAMPLE 17
CHAPTER IV: TIN OIL MINING IN SELANGOR Hareez Shah Razin Bin Saiful Azirin
Once upon a time, Selangor thrummed with the harmonious symphony of hard work and aspirations, as people delved deep into the earth in search of tin and other precious treasures. Tin mining was more than just a livelihood; it was the lifeblood of our community, nourishing our tables and fueling our dreams. Armed with simple tools and determination, we combed the land, hoping for that lucky strike of tin ore. But as time passed and the land yielded its riches, many of those bustling mining sites grew quiet, their stories fading into memory. Today, Selangor's mining landscape has changed, but the spirit of those old days still whispers in the wind. Where there were once mines, now stand farms, homes, and businesses, each one a testament to our resilience and adaptability. Yet, if you listen closely, you might still hear the echoes of the past – the creak of an old mine shaft, the rustle of leaves over forgotten equipment. Selangor has learned from its history, ensuring that any mining that remains is done with care and respect for our land. Though the days of bustling tin mines may be over, the legacy of Selangor's mining heritage lives on in our hearts, guiding us toward a brighter future. SAMPLE Figure 20: "The area of the Chinese-owned tin ore mine, in Kemunting." Identifier Number : : 2001/0050132W TIN OIL MINING IN SELANGOR 18
Mining played a significant role in Selangor's history, particularly in regions like Kuala Lumpur, Klang, and Hulu Selangor. Rich in tin deposits, these areas attracted many who sought to unearth its hidden treasures. These spots had lots of tin, so people came to dig it up. They used different ways to get the tin out, like digging holes or going underground. This brought in a lot of money for Selangor from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. Kuala Lumpur got busy because of mining, and Klang and Hulu Selangor helped too. This made Selangor grow with more cities, better roads, and lots of different people living there. For instance, the workers at Selangor usually are the Chinese because the mining are always located near the cities and the Chinese are usually lives near the cities area. But as time went on, there wasn't as much tin left. Now, Selangor looks different with more cities, farms, and places protected for nature. Even though things changed, you can still find parts of the old mining days around. It shows how Selangor went from being all about mining to having a mix of old and new, keeping its history alive while moving ahead. TIN OIL MINING IN SELANGOR 19
Figure 21: "Owned by the Chinese, Tin Ore Mine, Kampar." Identifier Number : : 2001/0050133W The chinese community played a big role in the mining industry. They were the hope and the reason the industry became success as it is now Their works in Kampar has really change everything in the mining industry, whether it is tin oil, gold and even diamonds. They knew all about mining, had lots of people to help out, and were really good at getting stuff done. Because of them, Malaysia became well-known in tin all over the world. This old picture has shown that Kampar is one of the sites that is used for mining industry which one of the biggest tin oil sites in Selangor . This picture gives us an examples of how the time was back then where they are using old technologies and tools in order to mine the tins. This reflects how tin was one of the world's most vital resources during the 1800s and 1900s. However, many of Selangor's former mining sites have since transformed into vibrant recreational areas where people now enjoy activities such as jogging, fishing, picnicking, and more. SAMPLE TIN OIL MINING IN SELANGOR 20
Figure 22: Mining Activities Identifier Number : 2001/0053295W Furthermore, when Kuala Lumpur was still one with Selangor, it was one of the most popular mining site in Selangor. The titiwangsa lake, ( Which was once a huge mining site ) was one of the biggest mining sites in Selangor. As the Sultan of Selangor award Kuala Lumpur to the government, all the mining sites eventually became a water catchment area and eventually became a park where we can do many things. Additionally, without the blessings of the Sultan Selangor to award Kuala Lumpur to the government, Kuala Lumpur will always be known as the capital of mining sites within the Klang Valley . When tin mining dwindled, Selangor faced significant economic challenges. Yet, the people of Selangor persevered, embracing creativity and innovation to find new paths to prosperity. Today, Selangor stands as a testament to resilience and reinvention, showcasing a remarkable recovery and thriving in a bustling modern economy. The region honors its rich heritage while fully embracing the opportunities of the present. SAMPLE TIN OIL MINING IN SELANGOR 20
Figure 23: "Tin ore mine using electricity to power its machinery." Identifier Number: 2001/0053388W Today, while tin mining no longer holds the prominence it once did in Selangor, the legacy of this industry continues to shape the state's identity and heritage. Other than tin oil, the Selangor mining industry also mined Bauxite, coal, gold, iron ore,gravel and Limestone.However, nowadays, these mining can damage oue geographical structure that can cause many While the industry may have waned in prominence, its impact resonates through the repurposing of former mining sites for diverse economic activities like agriculture, tourism, and residential development. These transformations not only reflect Selangor's adaptability but also its ability to evolve beyond its mining past. Nevertheless, the significance of tin mining remains deeply ingrained in Selangor's cultural fabric, with museums, heritage trails, and commemorations serving as poignant reminders of the toil and contributions of the pioneers who shaped the state's development. Through these initiatives, Selangor honors its history while embracing the opportunities of the present, fostering a sense of continuity and reverence for the generations that came before. SAMPLE TIN OIL MINING IN SELANGOR 21
CHAPTER V: CULTURAL HERITAGE OF SELANGOR Nur Ilyani Binti Ramli
Figure 24: Discussion of the traditional food of the state of Selangor, S.U.K Selangor Identifier Number: 2001/0056175W SAMPLE SAMPLE Secondly, the traditional food in Selangor is Kuih Kaswi. This regular Malay boiled cake is popular in Selangor. This cake is made with a simple ingredients of wheat flour, sugar, coconut cream, rice flour, and pandan leaves for flavoring. The dough is placed into small bowls or moulds and boiled it until fully cooked. The cakes turned out to be chewy, moist, and even more appetising when it is have a pandan aroma. These boiled cakes not only represent Selangor’s culinary legacy but also the various flavours and scents of Malaysian confectionery. Figure 25: Traditional food of the state of Selangor, S.U.K Selangor Identifier Number: 2001/0056177W CUISINE OF SELANGOR A traditional food in Selangor is a “Nasi Ambeng” and “ Kuih Kaswi”. Nasi Ambeng is a traditional dish that is popular in Selangor. It is a communal meal typically served when in a special occasions, festivals, and gatherings. This traditional food is a large dishes. This food is a white rice taht had served with a side dishes such as fried chicken, fried tempeh, mixed vegetables, and chili paste. The dish is intended to be shared with a group of people, instilling a sense of community and belonging. 22
Figure 26 : National Art Award at the Golden Palace Hotel, Seri Kembangan, Serdang, Selangor Identifier Number: 2008/0014169W SAMPLE SAMPLE Not only that, Telepuk also provides modesty and comfort, worn to cover the lower body while allowing freedom of movement. Symbolically, telepuk shows cultural values, traditions, and rituals, represents dignity, and heritage. Telepuk also worn with other traditional Malay clothes such as Baju Melayu and songkok, completing the elegance and Malay customs. Second, the fine art of Selangor is a Kelingkan or in Malay known as Selempang. Kelingkan is a traditional scarf that people worn draped over the shoulder in Malay cultural. Figure 27: National Art Award at the Golden Palace Hotel, Seri Kembangan, Serdang, Selangor Identifier Number: 2008/0014171W COSTUME OF SELANGOR Telepuk or in Malay known as “Kain Sampin” is a cloth that worn by men after wearing “Baju Melayu”. This clothes is worn by wrapping around their waist. It is an important piece of clothing in traditional Malay men’s clothing. This Telepuk is often used during cultural events, formal occasions, and religious ceremonies. Telepuk usually made of woven fabric and intricately embroidered, decorated with patterns and colors that reflect the wearer’s social status, regional identification and personal taste. Telepuk also seves the functional and symbolic purpose of the state of Selangor. 23
Figure 28: Hari Raya Aidil Adha is celebrated by Yang di-Pertuan Agong Identifier Number: 2001/0045803W SAMPLE Kebaya Selangor is a traditional clothes which originates from Selangor. Kebaya Selangor refers to blouse that Malay women worn. It is has been designed by the beautiful, and elegant style, with intricate embroidery, lacework, or beadwork. According to Selangor cultural, Kebaya Selangor is commonly worn as a part of traditional Malay clothing that women will worn when they attending a formal events, and festival. It consists of a blouse with a beautiful shape bodice and long sleeves, worn with a long skirt and accessorized with a shawl or headscarf. Kebaya Selangor also shown the Malay community’s cultural heritage and aesthetic sense, highlighting its history, skill, and artistic traditions. The intricate detailing and skill of the kebaya show the creativity of a artisans, while the textiles, colors, and motifs used may vary depending on regional preferences and personal tastes. Kebaya Selangor has holds a symbolic significance as a symbol of femininity, grace, and cultural identity. It is frequently passed down through generations as a treasured heirloom, containing memories, stories, and blessings from ancestors. COSTUME OF SELANGOR 24
SAMPLE Figure 30: Puan Mouray visited the batik research center at Taman Keramat, Ulu Klang, Selangor Identifier No: 2001/0047692W SAMPLE Figure 29: Field marshal sir gerald templer and lady templer, visit to east asian ground forces Identifier Number: 2001/0060982W The example of Selangor’s traditional games is Wau Kapal. Wau Kapal is a traditonal kite whose design originates from Selangor. Wau Kapal is a traditional kite that has artistic and cultural value in Malay community. Among the distinguishing feature of Wau Kapal is its unique shape. Wau Kapal has a shape that resembles the hull of a ship or boat . This design helps for the kite to work. It allows the kite to easily catch the wind through the sky. This traditional Selangor game is traditionally processed by powerful and skilled craftsmen. This kite uses natural materials such as in the frame, this kite uses bamboo and lightweight paper for the body or cover. TRADITIONAL GAME This kite is adorned with intricate designs, motifs, and vibrant colour, reflecting the cultural heritage. Beyond its visual appeal, Wau Kapal holds cultural and social significance in Malay society. Historically, kite was a popular traditional game among Malays. It is because kites often used in traditional ceremonies, festivals, and celebrations. Wau Kapal, with its distinctive design and graceful flight, has become an iconic symbol of Selangor’s cultural heritage. 25
The traditional dance of Selangor is a Tarian Piring. During cultural festivals, celebrations, and religious ceremonies, Malay community in Selangor will performed this traditional dance . This dance involves a skilled that dancer use a metal plates and they balanced it on their heads and hands. Using the rhythm of traditional music, the dancer dance and execute intricate movements , showcasing their agility, coordination, and dexterity. The origins of Tarian Piring are rooted in the agricultural practices of the Malay community, where metal plates were used as everyday utensils for cooking and serving food. Over time, these utilitarian objects became symbolic elements in dance performances, embodying cultural values. Tarian Piring is often accompanied by traditional percussion instrument such as “kompang” and “gendang”. Its creating a lively and rhythmic atmosphere that captivates audiences. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, Tarian Piring also holds a deeper cultural significance, serving as a form of communal expression, and spiritual inovacation. Figure 31 : UITM, Mandarin Week by ITM and Lee foundation Shah Alam Identifier No : 2001/0041768W SAMPLE PERFORMING ARTS 26
INDEXES A Arkib..........................8 Anglo-Indian............16 B British........................3, 4, 7, 10, 11 Chinese......................2, 7, 10, 11, 20 C Civil War....................2, 7, 13 D Diamond.....................20 F Fortress......................13, 17 Festival.......................22, 25 G Gold.................................20 I Istana..............................15 J Jugra................................15 K Klang...............................1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19 Kebaya Selangor........24 P Prang Besar..................12 S Shah Alam........................1, 4, 5, 6 Sultan................................3, 7, 15, 16, 17, 20 T Tin......................................7, 16, 18, 20, 21 Traditional.......................22, 23, 24, 25, 26 Telepuk.............................23 Tarian Piring...................26 U Utrecht City....................17 V Van Brac..........................17 Wau Kapal.......................25 W V
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