CHEMISTRY F5 KSSM

A ctivity 5N Consumer and Industrial Chemistry Chapter 5

PAK 21

“How is industrial wastewater treated before being discharged?”

1. In groups, discuss the solution to the above question Bab 13/5 Nota8 B05-193a Chemistry Green
through a brainstorming session. http://kubupublication.com.my/Kimia/Tingkatan5/Nota8.pdf
2. Scan the QR code to obtain the Chemistry
Green Technology Module (pages 29 – 32) for an activity Technology Module
on wastewater treatment using electrolysis. https://bit.ly/kpkt5n8
3. Conduct this activity under the supervision of your teacher.
4. Present your findings in class in a Gallery Walk activity.

• Landfill Leachate Treatment Method by using the electrolysis Effluent is waste
principle, which is also known as electrocoagulation process, is a in the liquid form
Green Technology approach that can be used to treat wastewater, discharged into the
including industrial wastewater. drainage system or
water source.
• Carbon or copper electrodes are used while wastewater is the
electrolyte in the electrocoagulation process. Pollutants will form Bab 13/5 Video49 B05-193bcWastewater
flocs and can be isolated from water and then removed as sludge. http://kubupublication.com.my/Kimia/Tingkatan5/Video49.html

• After proper treatment, sludge can be used as fertilisers for the Treatment
agricultural sector or disposed of by appropriate methods depending https://bit.ly/
on the composition of the materials contained in sludge.

• Wastewater that has been treated can be reused for crop irrigation, or
discharged as effluent.

• Steps in wastewater treatment are briefly shown in Figure 5.26.

kpkt5v49

3 Electrocoagulation 4 Solid and wastewater
process settling process

2 Screening of solid waste
1 Wastewater is pumped in

5 Collection of sludge

6 Further treatment
of wastewater

7 Discharge of e uent
to the water source

Figure 5.26 Wastewater treatment process

193

Theme 4 Technology in Chemistry

The Importance of Green Technology in Life

• Green Technology has trailblazed a new chapter in the field of technology with more
environmentally friendly approaches without neglecting the original purpose of technology.
This development contributes to the economic sector of the country through the creation of new
industrial sectors and employment opportunities based on Green Technology. The importance
of Green Technology in life can be seen in Figure 5.27.

• Environmental pollution can be reduced and management of resources will be more efficient
and well organised. How can you as a pupil integrate Green Technology in your daily life?

Cleaner source
of energy

Mitigating The More (Source: nst.com.my, 2019)
global warming Importance effective waste
of Green Technology
management

Spearheading Improving (Source: astroawani.com, 2019)
innovation standards
of living

A ctivityFigure 5.27 Importance of Green Technology Photograph 5.11 The pollution of
5O Kim Kim River in 2019 was caused by
the discharge of untreated industrial

wastewater into the river

PAK 21

There are various wastes in your school that include food wastes and plastic bottles. Electricity

consumption is also high due to the lengthy use of fans and lights.
1. Plan a competition in class.
2. Each group is required to submit a product or proposal to address the above issues using the

Green Technology approach.
3. Invite the teachers to judge the product from each group.

5.6

1. What is the meaning of Green Technology?
2. Why is there a need to treat the leachate in solid waste disposal process?
3. List the Green Technology used in wastewater management.
4. How can Green Technology mitigate the greenhouse effect?

194

Concept CONSUMER AND
Map INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

Oils and Fats Soaps and Food Additives Medicines and Nanotechnology Green
Detergents Cosmetics Technology

Comparison Meaning Traditional Meaning Examples
• Physical Medicines • Semiconductors • Waste
Preparation Modern
properties medicines and electronics management
• Saturation Cleansing • Analgesics • Energy and sector
• Melting point Effectiveness • Antimicrobials • Industrial
• Sources • Soft water • Anti allergies electricity wastewater
Conversion of • Hard water • Psychotic drugs • Agriculture
unsaturated fat • Acidic water • Preservatives • Corticosteroids • Textile
to saturated fat • Antioxidants • Food
• Flavourings Cosmetics • Medical
Uses • Stabilisers • Makeup • Cosmetics
• Emulsifiers
• Thickening cosmetics
• Treatment
agents
• Colouring cosmetics
• Fragrances
agents
Consumer and Industrial Chemistry Chapter 5Graphene
• Physical properties
195 • Chemical properties
• Uses

Theme 4 Technology in Chemistry

SELF Reflection
1. Have you mastered the topic of Consumer and Industrial Chemistry?
2. What is the content in the topic of Consumer and Industrial Chemistry that you want to

have a more in-depth understanding of? Why?
3. How does the topic of Consumer and Industrial Chemistry benefit you in daily life?
4. How would you assess your ability to describe the contents in the topic of Consumer and

Industrial Chemistry to your friends?
5. What can you do to improve your understanding of the topic of Consumer and

Industrial Chemistry?

Achievement Test
1. Oils and fats are the products of reactions between fatty acids and glycerol.
Figure 1 shows the structure of fatty acid P.

OH H H H H H H H H H H H H

HO C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C H

HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

Figure 1

(a) State the type of fat produced when fatty acid P reacts with glycerol.
(b) Oils or fats that consist of fatty acid P easily oxidise and turn rancid when exposed
to the air. Explain why.

2. (a) The equation below shows the reaction for the preparation of soap in a laboratory.
Palm oil + concentrated sodium hydroxide → sodium palmitate (soap) + glycerol
(i) What is the name of the reaction?
(ii) What is the homologous series for palm oil?

(b) A pupil wants to prepare potassium palmitate soap.
What alkali should the pupil use?

3. Figure 2 shows the cleansing results for clothes with greasy stains by using two different
cleaning agents, A and B.

Cleaning agent A B
Anion formula CH3(CH2)11OSO3− CH3(CH2)16COO−

Cleaning in hard Hcleaardniwngataegre+nt A cHleaardniwngataegre+nt B
water Greasy stains Greasy stains

Result Greasy stains are cleaned Some greasy stains remain

Figure 2

(a) State types of cleaning agents A and B.
(b) Based on Figure 2, compare and contrast the cleansing actions for both cleaning
agents in hard water. Explain your answer.

196

Consumer and Industrial Chemistry Chapter 5

4. Table 1 shows the information found on labels of three types of food. P, Q and R are food
additives.

Table 1

Pineapple in syrup Tomato sauce Vanilla Ice Cream
Sweet and manufactured Tasty and lasts long. Flavourful and soft
naturally from natural sources. Ingredients: Ingredients:
Ingredients: Tomato, sugar, salt, corn flour, Milk, vanilla, sugar,
Fresh pineapple cuts, food artificial colouring, food additive Q artificial colouring, food
additive P additive R

Based on the labels found on food containers in Table 1:
(a) State the names of food additives P, Q and R.
(b) Identify the type of food additives and their corresponding functions.

5. Table 2 shows the information about two types of antimicrobial medicines X and Y.

Table 2

Medicine Remarks
X • Applied to wounds or injuries
• Cannot be consumed

Y • Used for tuberculosis and pneumonia

(a) Name the types of medicines X and Y.
(b) What action should be taken to ensure that the intake of medicine Y is effective?
Give your reason.

6. Photograph 1 shows a sunblock lotion that utilises nanotechnology.
(a) What is the meaning of nanotechnology?
(b) Explain the advantage of nanotechnology
application in sunblock lotions.
(c) State two other uses of nanotechnology.

7. Water pollution could possibly be sourced from Photograph 1

the leachate of untreated wastewater disposal.
(a) Explain the steps to overcome this issue using Green Technology.
(b) Describe the advantages of using Green Technology
in wastewater treatment process.
(c) Sludge is the substance produced from
the wastewater treatment process.
How can sludge benefit mankind? Bab 13 /5 Nota26 B05-197
Additional Exercisehttp://kubupublication.com.my/Kimia/Tingkatan5/Nota26.pdf
https://bit.ly/kpkt5n26

Virgin coconut oil has various benefits and consists of low percentage of unsaturated fatty acids,
which is around 8%, while palm oil can consist up to 50% of unsaturated fatty acids. In your opinion,
which oil will last longer and cannot be easily oxidised? Explain your answer.

197

198 Periodic Table of Elements

Period Group Proton number 18
Element name
1 2 Element symbol H1 13 14 15 16 17 H2e
Relative atomic mass
1 H1 B4e Hydrogen B5 C6 N7 O8 F9 Helium
Hydrogen 3 4 5 6 7 1 9 10 11 12 4
1 Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine
9 S21c T22i V23 C24r M25n 8 C27o N28i C29u Z30n 11 12 14 16 19 N10e
2 L3i Zinc
Lithium M12g Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Man5g5anese F26e Cobalt Nickel Copper 65 A13l S14i P15 S16 C17l Neon
7 45 48 51 52 Iron 59 59 64 20
Magnesium T43c 56 Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine
3 N11a 24 Y39 Z40r N41b M42o R45h P46d A47g C48d 27 28 31 32 35.5 A18r
Sodium Technetium R44u
23 C20a Ytt8r9ium Zirc9o1nium Nio9b3ium Molyb9d6enum Rh1o0d3ium Pal1la0d6ium S1i0lv8er Cad1m12ium G31a G32e A33s S34e B35r Argon
57-71 R75e Rut1h0e1nium 40
4 K19 Calcium H72f T73a W74 I7r7 P78t A79u H80g Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine
Potassium 40 La-Lu Rhenium O76s Gold 70 73 75 79 80 K36r
39 Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten 186 Iridium Platinum 197 Mercury
S38r Lanthanides 178.5 181 184 Osmium 192 195 201 I4n9 S5n0 S5b1 T52e I53 Krypton
5 R37b B10h7 190 84
Ru8bi5d.i5um Stro8n8tium 89-103 R104f D105b S10g6 M109t D110s R11g1 C11n2 In1d1iu5m 1T1in9 An1ti2m2ony Tel1lu2r8ium Io1d2i7ne
Bohrium H108s X54e
6 C55s B56a Ac-Lr Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium T81i P82b B83i P84o A85t
Caesium Hassium X1e3n1on
133 Barium Actinides allium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine
137 204 207 209 R86n
7 F87r L8v4 T85s
Francium R88a N81h F82l M83c Radon
Livermorium Tennessine
Radium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium O86g

Oganesson

L57a C58e P59r N60d P6m1 S6m2 E63u G64d T65b D66y H67o E68r T6m9 Y70b L7u1 http://kubupublication.com.my/Kimia/Tingkatan5/Formulas.pdfBackEnd
1u6li9um
Lanthanide Series Lan1th3a9num Ce1r4iu0m Praseo1d4y1mium Neod1y4m4 ium Promethium Sam1a5r0ium Eur1o5p2ium Gad1o5li7nium Te1rb5i9um Dys1p6r2os.5ium Ho1lm65iun Er1b6iu7m Ytt1er7b3ium Lu1te7t5ium Formulas 198
Actinide Series 90 M101d
A89c P91a U92 N93p P94u A9m5 C9m6 B97k C98f E99s F1m00 N10o2 L10r3 https://bit.ly/kpkt5for Chemical Data
orium Curium Mendelevium and Formulas
Actinium 232 Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Nobelium Lawrencium
231 238

Legend: Metal Semi metal Non-metal

Glossary Electroplating – The electrolysis process of
coating the surface of a metal with thin and
Addition reaction – A chemical reaction that even layer of another metal.
occurs when another atom is added to each Endothermic reaction – A chemical reaction
carbon atom at the double bond C C to that absorbs heat from the surroundings.
form a single covalent bond C C . Exothermic reaction – A chemical reaction
Anode – The electrode where the oxidation that releases heat to the surroundings.
reaction takes place. Esterification – The reaction of alcohol with
Cathode – An electrode where reduction carboxylic acid to produce ester and water.
occurs. Fatty acid – Long chain carboxylic acid.
Cell notation – Shorthand representation Functional group – A group of atoms bonded
of a chemical cell with the anode on the left to a molecule of an organic compound
and the cathode on the right is separated by that determines the chemical properties of
two vertical lines representing a salt bridge or homologous series.
porous pot. Galvanisation – The process of coating of
Cracking –The process whereby long chain iron with a layer of zinc so that it is resistant
hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller to corrosion.
molecules at high temperatures in the General formula – The formula that shows
presence of a catalyst. the general form of the molecular formula of a
Daniell cell – Chemical cell consists of zinc, homologous series.
Zn metal electrodes and copper, Cu metal Glycerol – An alcohol that consists of three
electrodes dipped into their respective ionic carbon atoms and three hydroxyl groups.
salt solutions. Graphene – One of the carbon allotropes,
Electrochemical Series – A series of metal other than diamond and graphite.
arrangement in the order of standard Green Technology – a technology or
electrode capacity, E0 from the most negative application developed to minimise the
to the most positive. negative effects of human activities.
Electrolysis – A process of decomposition of Hard water – Water that contains calcium,
a compound in a molten state or an aqueous ions, Ca2+ or magnesium ions, Mg2+ that
solution to its constituent elements when dissolve in it.
electric current is passed through it.
Electrolyte – A substance in a molten state or
an aqueous solution that can conduct electric
currents and undergo chemical changes.

199

Homologous series – A group of organic Redox reactions – Chemical reactions that
compounds which has the same functional involve oxidation and reduction that occur
group and is represented by a general formula. simultaneously.
Isomer – Molecules that have the same Reducing agent – A substance that reduce
molecular formula but different structural other substances and is oxidised in a redox
formulae. reaction.
Metal corrosion – A redox reaction in which Rusting – Redox reaction in which there is an
metal is oxidised spontaneously when a metal oxidation process of iron to hydrated iron(III)
atom releases an electron to form a metal ion. oxide, Fe2O3.xH2O or rust.
Molecular formula – The formula that shows Saponification – Hydrolysis process of fats or
the type and actual number of atoms of each oils by an alkali.
element in a molecule. Soft water – Water that does not contain
Nanoscience – The study on processing of calcium ions, Ca2+ or magnesium ions, Mg2+
substances at nano scale which is in between 1 that dissolve in it.
nanometre to 100 nanometres. Standard electrode potentials, E0 – Potential
Nanotechnology – The development of difference produced in half cells under
substances or gadgets using the properties of standard conditions with a concentration of
nanoparticles. ion in an aqueous solution is 1.0 mol dm−3 at
25 °C and pressure of 1 atm or 101 kPa and is
Oxidation number or oxidation state coupled with standard hydrogen electrode.
– Charge of an element in a compound if Structural formula – The formula shows type
electron transfer occurs in an atom to form a of bond and how the atoms in a molecule are
chemical bond with another atom. bonded to each other.
Oxidising agent – Substance that oxidise Substitution reaction – A chemical reaction
other substances and is reduced in a redox that occurs when each hydrogen atom in an
reaction. alkane molecule is substituted one by one with
Polymerisation – The monomer combination halogen atoms, until all the hydrogen atoms
reaction to produce a polymer. are substituted.
Reactivity series of metal – A series of metal Vulcanisation – A process of producing
arrangement in an ascending order of metal rubber that is more elastic and with better
reactivity towards oxygen. quality through the production of cross-link
between polymer chains.

200

List of References

Abdullah, N., and Loh, W.L., 1993. Buku Teks KBSM Tingkatan 5. Petaling Jaya: Amiza Publishing
Sdn. Bhd.

Bitesize. (2019). “Heat Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions”. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/
guides/zg84y4j/revision/2. (20 October 2019).

Brown, T.L. et al, 2003. Chemistry: The Central Science (9th ed.). London: Pearson Education, Inc.

C.N. Prescott, 2000. Comprehensive Chemistry for O level Science (3rd ed). Singapore: Times Media
Private Limited

Cetree USM. (2018). “Modul Teknologi Hijau”.
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modul-teknologi-hijau-th-bagi-panduan-guru-dan-aktiviti-murid-asas-kelestarian-biologi-fizik-
kimia-dan-sains. (5 October 2019)

Chang, R., 2005. Chemistry. (8th ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc

Chem LibreText. (2019). “Alkanes and Alkane Isomers”. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/
Organic_Chemistry/Map%3A_Organic_Chemistry_(McMurry)/Chapter_03%3A_Organic_
Compounds%3A_Alkanes_and_Their_Stereochemistry/3.2%3A_Alkanes_and_Alkane_Isomer.
(12 November 2019)

Chemistry LibreText, (2019).” Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids.”. https://chem.libretexts.
org/Courses/Eastern_Mennonite_University/EMU%3A_Chemistry_for_the_Life_Sciences_
(Cessna)/15%3A_Organic_Acids_and_Bases_and_Some_of_Their_Derivatives/15.04_
Physical_Properties_of_Carboxylic_Acids. (22 October 2019)

Earl, B., and Wilford, D. 2012. IGCSE Chemistry (2nd ed.). London: Hooder Education.

Eng N.H., and Lim, E.W., 1992. Buku Teks Kimia KBSM Tingkatan 5. Selangor: Mustamam
Enterprise.

Enviroment, Health and Safety on Line. (2019). “Food Additives-Are They Safe?”. http://www.ehso.
com/ehshome/FoodAdd/foodadditives.htm. (2 November 2019)

Gabungan Persatuan-Persatuan Pengguna Malaysia. (2019). “Ketahui Ubat Anda”. http://www.fomca.
org.my/v1/index.php/fomca-di-pentas-media/fomca-di-pentas-media-2016/91-ketahui-ubat-
anda. (10 November 2019)..

Gallagher, R., and Ingram, P., 2017. Complete Chemistry for Cambridge IGCSE. Oxford: Oxford
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Harwood, R., and Lodge, I., 2014. Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Coursebook with CD-ROM.
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BackEnd Reference 201
http://kubupublication.com.my/Kimia/Tingkatan5/Reference.pdf

201

Index

Addition reaction 82, 83, 84, 85, 88 Esterification 95, 96, 98, 100, 110, 166 Oils 56, 60, 63, 64, 66, 67, 76, 83, 107,
Exothermic reaction 50, 113, 114, 115, 109, 111, 160, 164-173, 178, 180, 185,
Alcohol 62, 65, 71, 72, 76, 77, 79, 84, 116, 117, 118, 119, 127, 132, 136, 137 195-197
88, 90-99, 101, 102, 104-110, 112, 116,
120, 133, 134, 171, 182 Fatty acid 108, 109, 166, 167, 169, 170, Organic compound 64, 65, 66, 70, 71,
196, 197 72, 79, 102, 107, 109
Alkane 62, 68, 71, 72, 73, 76-78, 80-83, Flavouring 97, 109, 177, 178, 179, 180,
85-88, 90, 101-106, 109, 110 195 Oxidation 1-14, 16-19, 21-28, 30, 36,
Fuel value 67, 113, 114, 136-139 40, 43, 45, 47, 49, 53-55, 57-60, 83, 84,
Alkene 62, 68, 71, 72, 74, 78-80, 82-88, Functional group 71, 73-77, 80, 90, 91, 90-94, 110, 116, 152, 158-160, 178
90-92, 101-106, 109, 110 94, 96, 97, 101, 103-105, 147, 166
Oxidation number 4, 11-14, 16, 58, 60
Alkyne 62, 71, 72, 75, 78, 101, 102,
104, 105, 110 Oxidising agent 1-11, 17-19, 21, 22,
24-26, 53, 58-60, 91, 93, 94
Anode 2, 27-29, 34-47, 49, 53, 60

Carbon compound 62, 64, 66, 70, 100, Galvanisation 56 Polymer 68, 85, 107, 109, 141-147, 149-
111, 133, 144, 166 Glycerol 109, 166, 170, 171, 196 150, 152, 156, 158, 159, 162, 163, 190
Carboxyl group 77 Graphene 187, 189, 190, 195 Polymerisation 82, 85, 88, 142, 144,
Carboxylic acid 62, 71, 72, 77, 79, 91, Green Technology 141, 150, 164, 165, 146-149, 162, 163
94-98, 108-110, 112, 169 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197 Preservative 108, 177, 178, 195
Cathode 2, 27-29, 34-41, 43-47, 49,
53, 56 Heat of combustion 106, 113, 114, 120, Reactivity series of metals 48, 51
Cell notation 28-30, 58, 60 132-135, 137, 139 Redox reaction 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11,
Chemical cell 1, 2, 27-31, 43, 53, 58, 60 Heat of displacement 113, 114, 120, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 27, 34, 44, 49,
Corrosion of metals 46, 52, 57 125-127, 139 50, 51, 52, 53, 58, 59, 60
Cracking 66, 68, 70, 110 Heat of neutralisation 113, 114, 120, Reducing agent 1-3, 5-11, 17-19, 21,
127-132, 135, 139 22, 24-26, 50, 53, 58-60
Daniell cell 28, 29 Heat of precipitation 113, 114, 120- Reduction 1, 2, 4-11, 16-19, 21, 23-28,
Detergent 68, 106, 164, 169-176, 195 124, 135, 139 30, 36, 40, 45, 47, 48, 50, 51, 53, 55,
Dye 3, 108, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, Heat of reaction 113, 114, 117, 120, 57-60
186, 195, 197 122, 139
Homologous series 61, 62, 71-80, 91, Saponification 164, 170
Elastomer polymer 142, 145, 152 94, 96, 97, 101-106, 109, 110, 111, 151, Soap 108, 109, 116, 164, 165, 168, 176,
Electrochemical series 17, 23, 29, 39 166, 168, 196 195, 196
Electrolysis 1, 2, 3, 31, 33, 34-49, 51, Hydrocarbon 61, 62, 64-68, 70, 71, 73- Stabiliser 177, 178, 195
58, 60 77, 79, 80, 82, 85, 87, 88, 97, 109-111, Standard electrode potential 1, 2, 3,
Electrolyte 9, 27, 28, 29, 31-34, 37, 43, 146, 147, 169, 171 22-26, 30, 37, 39, 58, 60
45, 47, 52, 54 Hydroxyl group 76, 84, 88, 90, 92, Substitution reaction 81, 85
Electrolytic cell 1, 2, 31, 38, 41, 43, 47, 58 98, 104 Synthetic rubber 106, 142, 145, 157,
Electroplating 1, 31, 44, 45, 56, 58 159-162
Emulsifier 164, 165, 177, 178, 180, 195 Inorganic compound 64, 66, 70
Endothermic reaction 50, 114, 116, Isomer 62, 101-105, 109-111 Thermoplastic polymer 142, 145
117, 118, 119, 136, 137 Thermosetting polymer 142, 145, 163
Energy level diagram 114, 116-119, Makeup cosmetics 195 Thickener 177, 178, 195
124, 126, 127, 129, 132, 134, 139, 140 Monomer 85, 142, 144-147, 150, 151, Treatment cosmetics 195
Ester 62, 71, 72, 80, 95-100, 109, 110, 153, 163
112, 166, 169, 170, 178 Vulcanisation 142, 151, 156, 157, 158,
Nanoscience 187, 189, 190 162
Nanotechnology 141, 164, 165, 182,
187-190, 195, 197

202

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