SCIENCE PBL : THEMOCHEMISTRY

SMK SEKSYEN 9

NAME : ALEESYA BINTI ABDUL RAMAN

IC NUMBER : 060625-10-1368

THEME : EXPLORATION OF ELEMENTS IN

NATURE

FIELD : THERMOCHEMISTRY

CONTENT STANDARD : Endothermic and exothermic
reactions

LEARNING STANDARD : To study engineering designs
to solve problems in daily

life

TABLE

OF CONTENTS

01 COVER 04 HEAT PATCHES
02 TABLE OF CONTENT
05 GLOW STICKS
& WORK SCHEDULE 06 INSULATED FOOD

03 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CONTAINER

07 SUMMARY & REFERENCES

WORK DATE
SCHEDULE
28 May 2021
CONTENT
29 May 2021
Drafts Research Online 30 May 2021
Table of Content and Work Schedule 31 May 2021
Submission of outline 1 June 2021
Acknowledgements 5 June 2021
Relief Patches 7 June 2021
Glow Sticks
Insulated Food Container 9 June 2021
Summary and References 10 June 2021
Submission of work

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamualaikum. In the name of Allah the most gracious and the
most merciful, first and foremost. I would like to extend my praise
to Allah S.W.T who has given me the strength and courage to
complete this task.

A lot of people have helped me in the process of finishing
this work. To begin with, I would like to express my deepest
gratitude to my Science teacher, Puan Nadrah Binti Harith Fadzilah
for guiding me throughout the completion of this folio.

My appreciation also goes towards my family and friends
who have shown an unanimous amount of support upon me
completing this work. To end with, it has been a great pleasure to
carry out this task.

HEAT PATCHES

Counterirritant patches, commonly recognised as heat patches are
designed to ease the pain of muscle and widely used by women who
are enduring menstrual cramps.

1. Fabric
-For comfort

2. Adhesive
-For the product to stick to the skin

3. Chemicals
-Bringing a cold or warm sensation that
takes your mind off the pain

4. Release
-Heat is released

Figure 1

The heat is released due to the chemical reaction between menthol and
methyl salicylate in the chemicals section as shown in Figure 1. It uses the
concept of heat therapy. Judith Marcin (2019) says heat therapy works by
improving circulation and blood flow to a particular area due to
increased temperature. Increasing the temperature of the afflicted area
even slightly can soothe discomfort and increase muscle flexibility. Heat
therapy can relax and soothe muscles and heal damaged tissue. This
product is classified as exothermic as it releases energy from the product
to the skin in the form of heat.

GLOW STICKS

A glow stick is a non-electrical light source. It glows brightly due to the
chemical reaction that occurs inside of the stick. This is a perfect
option to use as an emergency light when there is an electricity failure.

② Phenyl Oxalate ① Hydrogen peroxide

Ester & Fluorescent Kept inside a breakable
Dye glass capsule

④ Hydrogen peroxide ③ Bending the glow stick

will leak out and mix will cause the glass tube
with phenyl oxalate in the middle to break

ester and fluorescent
dye

⑤ A chemical reaction between hydrogen peroxide,

phenyl oxalate ester, and fluorescent dye occurs and
causes the glow stick to emit a bright light.

The chemical reaction that occurs when those chemicals are mixed
produces a vibrant glow without any energy source, thus further
classified as chemiluminescence. Harris (2011) says that electrons rise to
a higher energy level when atoms in a material are excited. Then, the
electrons return to their normal energy and produce light. This process is
called chemiluminescence. The chemiluminescence reaction applies to
the glow stick as it uses a chemical reaction to excite the material.

Reviews shown are taken from customers from amazon.com which shows the efficiency
of this product.

FOOD THERMOS

A food thermos is an insulated food container with the main objective
is to maintain the temperature of the stored food.

Additional Insulation Screw-on stopper
- Reduces heat losses and - Prevents air from entering or
leaving the container.
cushions product against
impacts Stainless steel

Support Outer layer of glass
- To keep the inner vacuum - Coated with reflective
material or stainless steel
container in place
Vacuum
- Prevents conduction

Inner layer of stainless
steel

Vacuum plays an important role in a thermos. It works as an insulator
to keep heat from escaping therefore maintaining the temperature
of food stored inside of the thermos. Vacuum is created by air being
sucked out of the double-walled container during construction. Heat
can be transferred through the air, therefore, the absence of air in a
vacuum makes it that there's no air to transfer heat thus heat is
retained in the food. The same concept applies to maintaining the

cold temperature of food inside a
thermos. Modern food thermoses
are constructed sturdily and
contain layers of styrofoam to
further reduce heat transfer. This
product is perfect to store food
when you go camping or as a
lunch box to bring to your
workplace.

SUMMARY

Thermochemistry is the most present science in our life whether it's the process of
photosynthesis or the concept of refrigerators. It has a great impact on society
therefore as a human being, we should recognise the concept of exothermic and
endothermic in our day-to-day life.

In an exothermic reaction, energy is expelled, or produced in the form of heat or
light. This may be found in products like heat patches whereas energy is released in the
form of heat. Exothermic reactions include combustion reactions, oxidation reactions
(such as rusting), and phase transitions from the liquid to the solid-state.

Endothermic reaction refers to an energy that needs to be entered into, or
contributed to, to induce a chemical reaction. The endothermic product draws in heat
from their surrounding. This process has been used in our daily life like cooking an egg
or baking bread.

REFERENCES

Gold Bio ThoughtCo.
https://www.goldbio.com/articles/artic https://www.thoughtco.com/endothe
le/the-science-and-history-of-glow- rmic-reaction-examples-608179
sticks
Science Notes
How Stuff Works https://sciencenotes.org/exothermic-
https://science.howstuffworks.com/innov reaction-definition-and-examples/
ation/everyday-innovations/light-
stick.htm Lumen Learning
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/in
Amazon trochem/chapter/exothermic-and-
https://www.amazon.com/ endothermic-processes/

Wonderopolis Healthline
https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/h https://www.healthline.com/health/c
ow-does-a-thermos-work hronic-pain/treating-pain-with-heat-
and-cold
Explain That Stuff
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/vacuu
mflasks.html