Aplikasi komputer dalam linguistik

APLIKASI
KOMPUTER DALAM

KAJAJIAN
LINGUISTI

skbl2113

Sifat Data Linguistik
dan Keperluan yang
perlu diPenuhi
dalam Persekitaran
Pengkomputeran
Penyelidikan
Linguistik

SKBL2113 Aplikasi Komputer dalam
Linguistik

Mukadimah

Manfaat kuasa komputer elektronik sebagai

alat untuk ahli linguistik begitu luar biasa

sekali.

Perisian komersial sedia ada tidak memenuhi

semua kehendak ahli linguistik, dan

masyarakat linguistik pula belum lagi dapat

membangunkan perisian yang dapat mengisi

jurang ini.

Kejayaan dalam membangunkan perisian

untuk ahli linguistik bergantung kepada

metod yang diguna pakai dalam

memodelkan sifat data yang ingin kita

manipulasi.

Lima ciri penting data linguistik yang perlu

diketahui dalam membangunkan perisian

untuk ahli linguistik.

How language is studied?

studies of its structure

identify the structural units and classes of a language
describing how smaller units can be combined to form a
larger grammatical units

studies of its uses

how speakers and writers EXPLOIT the resources of
their language
study the actual language used in naturally occurring
texts

focus on a particular linguistic structure

similar structure occurs in different contexts and serve different function
multiple structures that are so similar in their meaning and grammatical function

focus on the language of a text or a group of speakers/writers

language of women compared to language of men?
language of individual author compare to the language used by his contemporary?

focus comparing the language of different texts or group of
texts

describing the characteristics of registers
how to find the pattern in a particular register?

What data do linguists
use to investigate
linguistic phenomena?

Data gained by intuition

The researcher‟s own intuition
(“introspection”)
Other people‟s (“informant‟s”) intuition
(accessed, for example, by elicitation
tests)

Naturally occurring language

Randomly collected texts or occurrences
(“anecdotal evidence”)
Systematic collections of texts
(“corpora”)

Sifat Data Linguistik

Bersifat Multilingual

(Multilingual nature)

Bersifat berturutan (Sequential

nature)

Bersifat Hierarki (Hierarchical
nature)
Bersifat Multidimensi
(Multidimensional nature)
Bersifat Sangat Bersepadu
(Highly integrated nature)

Bersifat Multilingual
(Multilingual nature)

The data that linguists work
with typically include
information in many languages

example: bilingual/multilingual
dictionary
example: bahasa melayu text
quotes a paragraph in english

Fundamental property of
textual data

Viewed as special character
problem
The computing environment
must be able to keep track of
what language each datum is
in, and then display and
process it accordingly.

Bersifat berturutan
(Sequential nature)

Stream of speech is a succession of
sound that unfolds in temporal
sequence
Written text is sequential in nature,
as word follows word and sentence
follows sentence
Changing the order of constituents
can change the meaning of the text.
Word processors excel at modeling
the sequential nature of text

The computing environment must be
able to represent the text in proper
sequence

Bersifat Hierarki
(Hierarchical nature)

Hierarchy is a fundamental
characteristic of data structures
in linguistics
example: syntactic analysis - a
sentence may contain clauses
which contain phrases which
contain words.
text analysis
the structure of a lexicon
meanings
Solution: Standard Generalized
Markup Language SGML. HTML

https://www.w3schools.com/html
/html_editors.asp

the computing environment
must be able to build
hierarchical structures of
arbitrary depth.

Bersifat Multidimensi

(Multidimensional

nature)

Stream of speech which has form
and meaning in many simultaneous
dimensions
The meaning of the text
Interlinear text processing systems
Database managers
The computing environment must be
able to attach many kinds of
analysis and interpretation to a
single datum

Bersifat Sangat
Bersepadu (Highly
integrated nature)

The computing environment
must be able to store and
follow associative links between
related pieces of data

The separation of
information from
format

The computing environment
must be able to present
conventionally formatted
displays of the data.

Reference

Simons, Gary F. 1998. The nature of
linguistic data and the requirements
of a computing environment for
linguistic research. In Using
Computers in Linguistics: a

practical guide, John M. Lawler and
Helen Aristar Dry (eds.). London
and New York: Routledge. Pages 10-
25.