Modul Bahasa Inggris Semester II Kelas X

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Table of Content :

Semester 2
Showing thanking
Showing praising
Congratulating
Descriptive
News item

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Chapter 1
Showing Thanking

Basic Sentences Expression of Thanking
Ungkapan Berterima Kasih Umum
1. Thank you (lebih formal) / Thank you, Mr. Ridwan
2. Thank you for helping me with my homework
3. Thanks (informal dan casual) / Thanks, Mom
4. Thanks for having me to this party
5. Cheers! (informal dalam British English)

Ungkapan Berterima Kasih Lebih Mendalam
1. Thank you very much = Terima kasih banyak
2. Thank you so much
3. Thank you alot
4. Thanks a lot
5. Cheers very much!

Ungkapan Berterima Kasih Yang Lebih Formal Lagi Dalam Kesempatan Tertentu
1. I want to thank you for all of your help
2. I would (I’d) like to thank you for your kindness all this time
3. I really appreciate of what you have done

Ungkapan Lainnya Dalam Berterima Kasih
1. That’s a very kind of you
2. I can’t tell you how grateful I am for all your help
3. It’s lovely

Merespon dan menanggapi ungkapan terima kasih
1. You’re welcome
2. No problem
3. My pleasure
4. Don’t mention it
5. I was nothing, it was no trouble, not at all, anytime

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Chapter 2
Congratulatian and Compliment

Ada beberapa cara dalam mengungkapkan compliment (pujian) dalam bahasa Inggris.
Semuanya dimulai dengan pemahaman yang bagus tentang adjective.

Rumus Membuat Kalimat Compliment

Ada banyak rumus atau formula yang digunakan pada umumnya ketika membuat ungkapan
compliment. Namun hanya ada 4 macam yang paling sering dipakai yaitu:
1. How + Adjective + Noun + is/are.

How beautiful flower is!
How big house is!
How careful jobs are!
How deep ocean is!
How kind friens are!

2. What + Adjetive + Noun.

What a beautiful flower!
What a big house!
What a high mount!
What a wonderful job!
what a nice song!

3. Noun Phrase + is/look + (really) + Adjective.

Your hair is really beautiful
The woman’s bag looks wonderful
The actor’s performance on the stage is really attractive
Your blouse is really beautiful.
Your job looks great!

4. Noun/Pronoun + (really) + like/love + Noun Phrase.
We all really love your performance
All teachers really love your commitments
His father really like his test result
I really like your dress.
I love your new apartment.

5. Pronoun + is + (really) + Adjective + Noun Phrase.
That is a really beautiful t-shirt
This is a really wonderful painting
that is a really interesting speech
That’s a really nice rug.
That’s a great looking car.

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Contoh Dilaog Compliment
Situation 1. Fima drives his modified car and meets his friend, Tami

Dialog Compliment: nice car
Tami: What a great car you have, Fima. I really like your vehicle.
Fima: Thank you, Tami. I just finished making it look colourful.
Tami: Do You mean this is the old car that you used to drive to school?
Fima: Yes, it is. You are absolutely right
Tami: Now your car looks more beautiful. What did you do to it?
Fima: Not much. I had it paint with a brighter colour and add some new accessories.
Tami: Great job!
Fima: Thanks.
Situation 2. Bia is wearing a new T-shirt. She meets his friend, Abi. Abi admires Bia’s T-
shirt

Dialog Compliment – Beautiful T-shirt
Abi: That’s a nice and cute T-shirt you’re wearing.
Bia: I appreciate you compliment. It was a birthday present from my mother.
Abi: Where did your mother buy it?
Bia: My mother said that she had bought it for me when she was in Singapore
Abi: Your look beautiful with that expensive T-shirt
Bia: Thank you but this is a really cheap T-shirt.
CONGRATULATION

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Expression of congratulation adalah ungkapan selamat yang kita gunakan untuk memberikan
ucapan selamat kepada seseorang ketika berhasil melakukan sesuatu. Berikut adalah beberapa
contoh expresssion of congratulation dan tanggapan yang tepat atas ungkapan tersebut yang
perlu diberikan oleh penerima ungkapan selamat.

Conversation 1

Rahel : Hey, Daniel! How was the economics competition? Did you and your team go home
with the trophy?

Daniel : Thank God, we did. Fortunately we succeeded to get the first place.
Rahel : Wow that’s a good job, Dan. Congratulation on your team success!
Daniel : Thank you very much for saying so, Rahel. So, how about you and your team in

astronomy competition?
Rahel : Unfortunately, I and my team didn’t get the first place. We got the third place but I

was really happy since we had won over many other teams and gone that far.
Daniel : That’s the spirit, Rahel! I am sure you and your friend did it very well. I congratulate

you on your great success.
Rahel : Thank you very much, Daniel. We still have to learn more to be the first like your

teams did.
Daniel : Cool! Let’s fight for the next competition!

Conversation 2
Farhan : So, how long has it been since the first publishing of your first novel?
Yola : It’s been 3 weeks since then.
Farhan : So, how many copies have been sold this far?
Yola : Thank God. Many people seem to like it very much. Since the first publishing 3 weeks ago,
there have been over 500 copies sold.
Farhan : Splendid! I’d like to congratulate you on your success at your first time publishing your
novels.
Yola : Thank you very much, Mr. Farhan. It’s very kind of you to say so
Farhan : Keep the good work, Yola. I know you could be a great author someday.

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Expression of Congratulation

Expression:
1. Congratulation!
2. Congratulation on your success in debate contest!
3. congratulation on your marriage.
4. You have done a fantastic job, man!
5. well done, congratulation on you
6. I would be the first to congratulate you on your...(formal)
7. I'd like to congratulate you on your...(formal)
8. Please accept my warmest congratulation on your... (formal)
Response:
1. Thanks, I hope you'd be the next
2. I am not that good
3. Oh, it's not special actually
4. thank you very much for saying it.

Contoh Dialog Ucapan Selamat (Congratulation)

Rere dan Rani telah berteman sejak lama. Rere memberitahu Rani bahwa ia
telah memenangkan lomba pidato bahasa Inggris se-Indonesia. Mendengar itu,
Rani langsung memberikan ucapan selamat kepada Rere.
Rere : Hai Rani, Have you heard a good news of mine?
Rani : You told me nothing, but let me guess.. hmm wait, wait.. you got a
surprise from you father?
Rere : You're wrong!
Rani : Hmm, enough, just tell me, dear..
Rere : You know that I had speech contest in Jakarta last week? I have won it!!
Rani : Are you serious? Did you win it? Oh my god, I can't believe it.
Rere : Of course I am..
Rani : Great, Congratulation. You have no idea how happy I am for you
Rere : Thanks, I appreciate that
Rani : I believe you are the best as always.
Rere : How nice of you to say that.. Now, lets have a lunch on my treat,
Rani : With great pleasure, dear..

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Chapter 3
Descriptive Text

A. Pengertian Descriptive Text

Sebelum melihat Apa itu definisi descriptive text secara utuh, mari kita pahami apa
yang dimaksud dengan kata descriptive itu sendiri. Descriptive adalah kata sifat yang jika kita
artikan dalam bahasa Indonesia berarti deskripsi (gambaran). Jika kamu diminta untuk
mendeskripsikan sebuah benda, itu artinya kamu harus menggambarkan benda yang dimaksud
baik dari ukuran, warna dan lain sebagainya. Menurut Wikipedia, yang dimaksud dengan
Descriptive text adalah: “satu kaedah upaya pengolahan data menjadi sesuatu yang dapat
diutarakan secara jelas dan tepat dengan tujuan agar dapat dimengerti oleh orang yang tidak
langsung mengalaminya sendiri”. Jadi yang dimaksud dengan descriptive text adalah sebuah
tulisan atau teks yang menggambarkan sifat-sifat yang melekat pada sesuatu, baik itu manusia,
hewan, tumbuhan, ataupun benda mati seperti rumah, mobil dan lain sebagainya.

B. Tujuan Descriptive Text

Dilihat dari pengertiannya di atas, maka sebenarnya kita sudah bisa memahami apa itu
tujuan descriptive text. Tujuannya tidak lain adalah untuk menggambarkan segala sesuatu baik
itu manusia, hewan, tumbuhan atau benda mati dengan sifat yang melekat padanya seperti
ukuran, jenis, warna, dan sebagainya sehingga pembaca atau reader dapat mengetahui seperti
apa sesuatu itu dari gambaran yang kita sampaikan meskipun ia belum pernah melihatnya.

C. Struktur Text (Generic Structure)

Descriptive text mempunyai aturan tersendiri dalam penulisannya, termasuk dalam
struktur atau susunan yang harus ditulis secara urut. Jika kamu diminta untuk membuat
descriptive text, maka pastikan susunannya adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Identification: Bagian ini – pada paragraf pertama – tujuannya adalah untuk mengidentifikasi
sesuatu yang ingin dideskripsikan atau digambarkan. Penjelasan mudahnya, indentification
berfungsi untuk memperkenalkan kepada pembaca tentang objek atau sesuatu yang akan kita
gambarkan sebelum kita beritahu tentang sifat-sifatnya. Tujuannya agar jangan sampai pembaca
salah orang. Kita mau menggambarkan mobil misalnya, tapi pembaca mengiranya motor.
Contoh: kamu diminta untuk menggambarkan mobil barumu, maka isi identification-nya adalah:
Ayahku baru saja membelikan mobil baru. Mobil ini sebenarnya sudah lama aku idam-idamkan,
tapi baru sekarang ayahku membelikannya. (Berarti yang akan digambarkan adalah mobilku,
bukan mobil orang lain).

2. Description: Bagian ini – pada paragraf kedua dan seterusnya – berisi tentang sifat-sifat yang
melekat pada sesuatu yang sudah kamu kenalkan pada pembaca pada paragraf pertama.
Misal (melanjutkan tentang mobil di atas): Mobil baruku ini merupakan mobil sport keluaran
terbaru dari Toyota. Jumlah bangkunya hanya dua, satu untuk sopir dan satunya untuk penumpang,
begitu juga dengan pintunya. Mobil ini bisa melesat hingga kecepatan 500 km/jam, hampir sama
dengan kecepatan pesawat berjenis Foker.

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

D. Ciri-Ciri Descriptive Text (Language Features)
Ciri-ciri ini penting untuk kamu perhatikan agar ketika menulis descriptive text tidak salah.

Jadi pastikan kamu menggunakan ciri-ciri berikut ini ketika akan menulis menggunakan genre
descriptive text:

1. Menggunakan Simple Present Tense. Kenapa menggunakan simple present tense? hal ini
karena kita akan menggambarkan sebuah fakta atau kebenaran yang melekat pada sesuatu
atau orang.

2. Karena fungsinya adalah untuk menggambarkan sesuatu dengan menjelaskan sifat-sifatnya,
maka dalam descriptive text akan banyak dijumpai kata sifat (adjective).

3. Dalam descriptive text kita juga akan sering menjumpai relating verb (kata kerja
penghubung).

D. Contoh Descriptive Text dan Penjelasannya
Borobudur Temple

Borobudur is Hindu – Budhist temple. It was built in the nineth century under Sailendra
dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java,
Indonesia.
Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta
architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and consists of eight
steps like stone terrace. The first five terraces are square and surrounded by walls
adorned with Budhist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them
is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the
centre at the centre of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km
of passage and starways. The design of borobudur which symbolizes the structure of
universe influences temples at Angkor, Cambodia.

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Penjelasan:
1. Paragraf pertama: Identification, menggambarkan sepintas tentang Candi Borobudur

yang akan dideskripsikan sehingga pembaca tidak akan salah paham tentang candi yang
sedang dibicarakan. Bahwa candi yang dimaksud adalah candi yang bernama Borobudur,
yang berlokasi di Magelang, Jawa Tengah.
2. Paragraf kedua: Description, berisi tentang penjelasan atau deskripsi Candi Borobudur
dengan memaparkan sifat-sifatnya seperti:
– berada di bukit dengan ketinggian 46 meter dan terdiri dari 8 tingkat seperti teras.
– 5 tingkat pertama berbentuk kotak (square) dan dikelilingin tembok.
– 3 tingkat paling atas berbentuk bulat (circular).

Pengertian Descriptive Text
Dalam artian luas, Description, seperti dijelaskan oleh Kane (2000: 352), diartikan seperti pada
kalimat di bawah ini :
Description is about sensory experience—how something looks, sounds, tastes. Mostly it
is about visual experience, but description also deals with other kinds of perception.
Namun secara khusus, descriptive text adalah, "...... is a text which says what a person or a
thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing."
[teks yang menjelaskan gambaran seseorang atau benda. Tujuannya adalah mengambarkan
atau mengungkapkan orang, tempat atau benda tertentu.

Jadi, bisa dikatakan bahwa descriptive text ini adalah teks yang menjelaskan tentang
seperti apakah orang atau suatu benda dideskripsikan, baik bentuknya, sifat-sifatnya,
jumlahnya dan lain-lain. Tujuan (purpose) dari descriptive text pun jelas, yaitu untuk
menjelaskan, MENGGAMBARKAN atau mengungkapkan seseorang atau suatu benda, baik
abstrak maupun konkret.

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Salah Satu Penjelasan Descriptive Writing pada Buku Evelyn May Albright
Contoh – Contoh Descriptive Text
My Small House
I live in a small house. It has five rooms: there are two bedrooms, a living room, a bathroom,
and a kitchen. Indeed, it is a small house; but I like living in here for wasting my spare time.
When the door is open, I can see the living room. It is so small with only three chairs and a
table, nothing else. I prefer reading a novel in this room.
My bedroom is in the left side of the living room. In this room there is a night table next to the
bed, a TV, a radio, and a computer. When being bored of reading, I usually play online games,
chat with my friends via Facebook and so on.
Next to my bedroom is my mother's. I do not know what is inside because I never come in to
see it. In the right side of the living room there is the kitchen. In the kitchen I have everything
I need when I get hungry. It is very pleasure when my mother cooks, the smell fills my whole
house.
I know it is a very small house; but it is the best place I have ever seen.

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

My Family
My family has four members: those are I, my sister, and parents of course.

My mother is 47 years old. Her name's Anisa. She's thin-faced and she's got long, blond
hair and beautiful green eyes. She is still slim because she always tries to stay in shape. She is
very good-looking, always well-dressed and elegant.

My father, Lukman, is 5 years older than my mother. He is 52. In spite of his age he's
still black-haired, with several grey hairs. He has bright blue eyes. He is quite tall, but a bit
shorter than me. He's very hard-working. Besides that, he is working in a travel company. He
can even make a dinner when my mother is outside. His cooking and his meals are always very
tasty as well as my mothers'.

Finally, my sister Nadina. She is 22. She is also red-haired and green-eyed. She has
long wavy hair and freckles. She is definitely shorter than me. She is rather introverted. But
she is very sensible, smart and co-operative. Right now she is studying English and also knows
Arabic and Mandarin. I want to be so smart as she is.

They all, except me, speak Sundanese very well, because we were living in Bandung
for 5 years. My sister has been going to primary school there. Unfortunately, I was only 3 when
we were leaving to Jakarta, so I can't speak Sundanese. Now we are happily living in Jakarta.

My Sphynx Cat

My Sphynx cat is the only pet I have. He has a little hair but is not totally hairless as he has a
peach fuzz over much of his body. His coat is often a warm chamois. My Sphynx has a normal
cat proportion.
I like his tail although my mom say that it is like a rats tail. I love his usual color varieties
including, tortoiseshell, chocolate, black, blue, lilac, chocolate etc. He is really an amazing cat.
Believe it or not, he is very intelligent cat. He can respond my voice commands.
He is really funny as well as my friends get a joke. I love him so much as I love my mother.

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2
My Mother

My mother is a beautiful person. She is not tall but not short, and she has curly hair and
brown. Her eyes color are like honey and her color skin color light brown, and she has a
beautiful smile. Her weight likes 120 lbs.

She is a very kind person. She is very lovely, friendly, patient, and she loves to help
people. I love my mom, because she is a good example to me. She loves being in the Church,
and she loves sing and dance too.

She is a very good child, wife and mother. She always takes care of her family. She
likes her house to be clean and organized. She a very organized person, and all things in the
house are in the right place. She doesn't like messes.

She always has a smile on her face. She is so sweet and lovely. I like when I am going
to sleep or when I wake up or when I am going to go to some places, she always give me a
kiss, and when the family have a problem she always be with us to helps us and to give us all
her love.

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Reported speech “ Indirect speech”

Refers to sentence reporting what someone has said. “Mengulangi apa yg dikatakan
orang”. It is used in spoken English. Report speech refers to using a noun clause to report what
someone has said. No quotation mark is used. Notice the change in the verb forms from quoted
speech to reported speech in the following.

Reported speech atau indirect speech adalah suatu cara mengungkapkan apa yang
orang lain (speaker) telah katakan secara langsung (direct/quoted speech) berupa pernyataan,
pertanyaan, atau ucapan lainnya dengan mengubah format pembicaraan tersebut sehingga
menjadi lebih jelas, alami, dan efisien bagi pendengarnya.

Logikanya, seorang penyampai berita tidak melaporkan persis setiap kata yang
diucapkan oleh seseorang.

Direct speech yang diubah menjadi reported speech tersebut dapat berupa statement
(pernyataan), imperative [command (perintah), invitation (undangan), request
(permintaan)], yes/no question (pertanyaan), maupun information question (pertanyaan akan
informasi).

Contoh:

Reporting Contoh Kalimat Direct Contoh Kalimat Reported Speech
Speech
Statement
“I’m not hungry now.” He said that he was not hungry at that
Imperative
(Saya tidak lapar sekarang.) time.
Yes-no
question “Do not touch my computer!” She told me not to touch her computer.
Information (Jangan sentuh komputerku!)
question
“Did you eat my cake?” She wanted to know if I’d eaten her cake.
(Apakah kamu makan kueku?)

“Who is the winner?” He asked me who the winner was.
(Siapa pemenangnya?)

Cara Mengubah Direct Menjadi Reported Speech

Pada dasarnya, direct speech diubah menjadi reported speech dengan menghilangkan
tanda baca kutip, menghilangkan huruf kapital didalam kalimat, menambahkan that (optional),
mengubah pronoun (menjadi orang ketiga), memodifikasi verb, mengoreksi time reference
(waktu yang disebutkan dalam pembicaraan) dan/atau menambahkan whether atau if . Berikut
adalah beberapa penjelasannya.

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Time References
Perbandingan time references pada direct dan reported speech adalah sebagai berikut.

Direct Speech there Reported Speech
Here
• the month/year before
last month/year • the preceding month/year
• the previous month/year

next month/year • a month/year later
• the following month/year
• the next month/year

• at that time
Now • then

Today that day
Tomorrow
• a day later
• the following/next day

Yesterday • the day before
• the previous day

• two days/weeks before
two days/weeks ago • two days/weeks earlier

Contoh perubahan time reference:

Contoh Kalimat Direct Speech Contoh Kalimat Reported Speech

“Will I receive the packet tomorrow?” He asked if he would receive the packet the

(Akankah saya menerima paket tsb besok?) following day.

“I have to return the book two days ago.” She said that she had to return the book two
(Saya harus mengembalikan buku tsb dua days earlier.
hari lalu.)

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Menambahkan whether atau if

Whether atau if ditambahkan untuk menyampaikan kalimat yes-no question yang telah
didengar sebelumnya. Yes-no question merupakan bentuk pertanyaan yang membutuhkan
jawaban yes atau no.

Contoh:

Contoh Direct Speech Contoh Kalimat Reported Keterangan
Speech

“Do you have a little

time?” He asked me if I had a little Jawaban dari pertanyaan pada direct
(Apa kamu punya
time. speech: Yes, I do atau No, I don’t

sedikit waktu?)

“Have you heard the She wanted to know Jawaban dari pertanyaan pada direct
news?” whether I had heard the speech: Yes, I have atau No, I haven’t
news.
(Sudahkah kamu

mendengar berita tsb?)

Modifikasi Verb pada Reported Speech

Modifikasi pada verb dari direct menjadi reported speech dapat
berupa mengubah verb menjadi infinitive. Perubahan ini diaplikasikan pada reporting
imperative (command). Selain itu, umumnya verb tense (present atau future, termasuk modal)
diubah menjadi bentuk past. Misalnya, direct speech: present tense, maka reported speech-
nya: past tense.

Berikut detailnya.

Direct Speech Reported Speech

present tense past tense

present continuous past continuous

present perfect past perfect

future (am/is/are going to) was/were going to

past tense past perfect

past continuous past perfect continuous

will would

must, have to had to

may (permission) could, might

shall should (ask for advice), would (simple future)

may (possibility) might

can could

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Contoh perubahan verb (dan modal):

Contoh Direct Speech Contoh Reported Speech
He told that he had cleaned my room.
“I have cleaned your room.” (Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah membersihkan
(Saya telah membersihkan ruanganku.)
ruanganmu.)
Keterangan:

• have cleaned= present perfect
• had cleaned= past perfect

“May I go to the bathroom?” She asked if she could go to the bathroom.
(Bolehkah saya pergi ke kamar (Dia bertanya apakah dia dapat pergi ke kamar mandi.)
mandi?)
Keterangan:

• may= modal (present)
• could= modal (past)

Contoh Kombinasi Perubahan Direct Speech Menjadi Indirect Speech
Berikut beberapa contoh perubahan direct menjadi indirect speech dengan berbagai
kombinasi perubahannya.

Reporting Contoh Direct – Indirect Speech

“I’m so happy.”
(Saya sangat bahagia.)

Indirect speech:

She told me that she was so happy.
Statement (Dia mengatakan padaku bahwa dia sangat bahagia.)

Keterangan:

• Pronoun: subjek “I” menjadi “she” (orang ketiga);
• Verb: am (present tense) menjadi was (past tense) (misalnya) karena

diasumsikan dia sudah tidak terlihat sangat bahagia lagi (biasa saja).

“Please reconsider my
Imperative proposal.”

(Tolong pertimbangkan kembali proposal saya.)

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Indirect speech:

He requested that I reconsider his
proposal.
(Dia meminta saya mempertimbangkan kembali proposalnya.)

Keterangan:

• Pronoun: my menjadi his (orang ketiga);
• Verb: tidak berubah (misalnya) karena diasumsikan penyampai berita

langsung menyampaikan perkataan tersebut atau dengan kata lain
permohonan masih berlaku.

“Don’t be panic.”
(Jangan panik.)

Indirect speech:

She told me not to be panic.
(Dia mengatakan pada saya untuk tidak panik.)

Keterangan:

Verb: menjadi infinitive pada reporting command.
“Can I put my bag here?”
(Dapatkan saya meletakkan tas saya disini?)

Indirect speech:

He asked if he could put his bag there.
(Dia bertanya apakah ia bisa meletakkan tasnya disana.)

Keterangan:

Yes-no • Verb: can menjadi could (misalnya) karena penyampai berita fokus
question pada fakta bahwa pembicaraan itu merupakan past conversation;

• Time reference: here berubah menjadi there;
• if: ditambahkan pada yes-no question.

“Will you forgive me?”
(Maukah kamu memaafkanku?)

Indirect speech:

He asked if I would forgive him.
(Dia bertanya apakah saya akan memaafkannya.)

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Keterangan:

Verb: will menjadi would (misalnya) karena penyampai berita telah
memaafkan speaker.
“What‘s your choice?”
(Apa pilihanmu?)

Indirect speech:
Information She wanted to know what my choice is.

question (Dia ingin tau apa pilihanku.)

Keterangan:

Verb: tetap is misalnya karena penyampai berita masih
belum memutuskan apa pilihannya.

Here's how it works:

We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We
just put 'she says' and then the sentence:

• Direct speech: “I like ice cream”.
• Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.

We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I'
to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'.

(As I'm sure you know, often, we can choose if we want to use 'that' or not in English. I've
put it in brackets () to show that it's optional. It's exactly the same if you use 'that' or if you
don't use 'that'.)

But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the
reported speech:

• Direct speech: “I like ice cream”.
• Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.

Tense Direct Speech Reported Speech
She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present simple “I like ice cream” She said (that) she was living in London.

present “I am living in
continuous London”

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

past simple “I bought a car” She said (that) she had bought a car OR She
past said (that) she bought a car.
continuous
present “I was walking along She said (that) she had been walking along the
perfect
past perfect* the street” street.
will
would* “I haven't seen Julie” She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
can
“I had taken English She said (that) she had taken English lessons
could* lessons before” before.
shall
should* “I'll see you later” She said (that) she would see me later.
might*
must “I would help, but..” She said (that) she would help but...

“I can speak perfect She said (that) she could speak perfect English.
English”

“I could swim when I She said (that) she could swim when she was

was four” four.

“I shall come later” She said (that) she would come later.

“I should call my She said (that) she should call her mother
mother”

"I might be late" She said (that) she might be late

"I must study at the She said (that) she must study at the weekend
weekend" OR She said she had to study at the weekend

* doesn't change.

Occasionally, we don't need to change the present tense into the past if the information in
direct speech is still true (but this is only for things which are general facts, and even then
usually we like to change the tense):

• Direct speech: “The sky is blue”.
• Reported speech: She said (that) the sky is/was blue.

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Reported Questions

So now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and negative
sentences. But how about questions?

• Direct speech: "Where do you live?"

How can we make the reported speech here?

In fact, it's not so different from reported statements. The tense changes are the same, and we
keep the question word. The very important thing though is that, once we tell the question to
someone else, it isn't a question any more. So we need to change the grammar to a normal
positive sentence. A bit confusing? Maybe this example will help:

• Direct speech: "Where do you live?"
• Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.

Do you see how I made it? The direct question is in the present simple tense. We make a
present simple question with 'do' or 'does' so I need to take that away. Then I need to change
the verb to the past simple.

Another example:

• Direct speech: "where is Julie?"
• Reported speech: She asked me where Julie was.

The direct question is the present simple of 'be'. We make the question form of the present
simple of be by inverting (changing the position of)the subject and verb. So, we need to
change them back before putting the verb into the past simple.

Here are some more examples:

Direct Question Reported Question

“Where is the Post Office, please?” She asked me where the Post Office was.

“What are you doing?” She asked me what I was doing.

“Who was that fantastic man?” She asked me who that fantastic man had been.

So much for 'wh' questions. But, what if you need to report a 'yes / no' question? We don't
have any question words to help us. Instead, we use 'if':

• Direct speech: "Do you like chocolate?"
• Reported speech: She asked me if I liked chocolate.

No problem? Here are a few more examples:

Direct Question Reported Question
“Do you love me?” He asked me if I loved him.

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

“Have you ever been to Mexico?” She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico.

“Are you living here?” She asked me if I was living here.

Reported Requests

There's more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)? For example:

• Direct speech: "Close the window, please"
• Or: "Could you close the window please?"
• Or: "Would you mind closing the window please?"

All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don't need to report every word when we
tell another person about it. We simply use 'ask me + to + infinitive':

• Reported speech: She asked me to close the window.

Here are a few more examples:

Direct Request Reported Request

“Please help me”. She asked me to help her.

“Please don't smoke”. She asked me not to smoke.

“Could you bring my book tonight?” She asked me to bring her book that night.

“Could you pass the milk, please?” She asked me to pass the milk.

“Would you mind coming early tomorrow?” She asked me to come early the next day.

To report a negative request, use 'not':

• Direct speech: "Please don't be late."
• Reported speech: She asked us not to be late.

Reported Orders

And finally, how about if someone doesn't ask so politely? We can call this an 'order' in
English, when someone tells you very directly to do something. For example:

• Direct speech: "Sit down!"

In fact, we make this into reported speech in the same way as a request. We just use 'tell'
instead of 'ask':

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Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

• Reported speech: She told me to sit down.

Direct Order Reported Order
“Go to bed!” He told the child to go to bed.
“Don't worry!” He told her not to worry.
“Be on time!” He told me to be on time.
“Don't smoke!” He told us not to smoke.

Time Expressions with Reported Speech

Sometimes when we change direct speech into reported speech we have to change time
expressions too. We don't always have to do this, however. It depends on when we heard the
direct speech and when we say the reported speech.

For example:

It's Monday. Julie says "I'm leaving today".

If I tell someone on Monday, I say "Julie said she was leaving today".
If I tell someone on Tuesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving yesterday".
If I tell someone on Wednesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving on Monday".
If I tell someone a month later, I say "Julie said she was leaving that day".

So, there's no easy conversion. You really have to think about when the direct speech was
said.

Here's a table of some possible conversions:

now then / at that time
today yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June
yesterday the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December
last night the night before, Thursday night
last week the week before / the previous week
tomorrow today / the next day / the following day / Friday

How to Use 'Say' and 'Tell'
In reported statements, we can use either 'say' or 'tell'. The meaning is the same, but the
grammar is different. For example:

Direct speech:

• John: "I'll be late".

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Reported speech:

• John said (that) he would be late.

OR

• John told me (that) he was going to be late.

With 'tell' we NEED the object (e.g. 'me', 'you', 'her').
With 'say' we CAN'T use the object (e.g. 'me', 'them', 'us').

So we CAN'T say:

• “John said me that he would be late.”
• “John told that he would be late.”

Here are some correct examples:

• Julie said (that) she'd come to the party.
• I said (that) I was going to bed early.
• He told me (that) he loved living in London.
• They told John (that) they would arrive at six.

Kasus Khusus pada Reported Speech

Berdasarkan general rule jika reporting verb dalam bentuk past (said, told, wanted (to
know)), maka verb pada direct speech diubah menjadi bentuk past pada reported speech.

Namun ada beberapa kasus dimana verb tense pada reported speech bisa tidak berubah. Berikut
diantaranya.

1. Jika yang disampaikan merupakan fact (fakta) atau general truth (kebenaran umum).
2. Jika penyampai berita percaya bahwa apa yang disampaikannya masih benar/berlaku atau

belum terjadi dan penyampai berita percaya pada apa yang dikatakan pembicara.

Contoh Kasus Khusus: Contoh Reported Speech

Contoh Direct Speech

Kondisi 1

He said that water boils at 100 degrees Celcius.

“Water boils at 100 degrees (Dia mengatakan bahwa air mendidih pada 100 derajat Celcius.)

Celcius.”

(Air mendidih pada 100 derajaT Keterangan:

Celcius.)

Verb (present) tidak berubah (menjadi past) karena pernyataan

tersebut merupakan general truth.

“I’m an engineer.” She told that she is an engineer.

(Saya seorang enjinir.) (Dia mengatakan bahwa dia seorang enjinir.)

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Keterangan:

Verb (present) tidak berubah karena pernyataan tersebut
merupakan fact dimana penyampai berita tahu bahwa orang
tsb masih enjinir.

Kondisi 2

He said that he feels empty.
(Dia mengatakan bahwa dia merasa kosong.)

“I feel empty.” Keterangan:
(Saya merasa kosong.)
Penyampai berita percaya bahwa apa yang disampaikannya
“I‘m going to visit Bali on masih
December 30, 2016″. benar/berlaku karena setelah mendengar langsung dilaporkan.
(Saya akan mengunjungi Bali She told that she is going to
pada tanggal 30 Desember visit Bali on December 30, 2016.
2016.) (Dia mengatakan bahwa dia akan mengunjungi Bali pada tanggal 30
Desember 2016.)

Keterangan:

Penyampai berita menyampaikannya sebelum 30 Desember
2016, selain itu dia juga percaya pada pernyataan pembicara.

Namun Verb Tense pada Reported Speech Diubah menjadi Bentuk Past Jika…

Bila penyampai berita tidak percaya kepada speaker (pembicara), tidak yakin bahwa berita
masih valid, atau ingin bersikap netral, verb tense umumnya diubah menjadi bentuk past. Hal
yang sama berlaku ketika penyampai berita yakin bahwa berita masih valid/belum terjadi,
namun dia tidak fokus pada validitas berita tersebut, melainkan pada fakta bahwa
pembicaraan tersebut merupakan past conversation (terjadi dimasa lampau).

Contoh: Contoh Indirect Speech

Contoh Direct Speech

“I‘m going to visit Bali on December 30, 2012″ She told that she was going to visit Bali on
(Saya akan mengunjungi Bali pada tanggal 30 December 30, 2012.
Desember 2012.) (Dia mengatakan bahwa dia akan mengunjungi
Bali pada tanggal 30 Desember 2012.)

Keterangan:

Penyampai berita tidak percaya kepada
speaker, misalnya walaupun belum tanggal
30 Desember, namun speaker telah berkali-
kali mengatakan akan ke Bali tetapi tidak
pernah jadi.

SMA AL KAMAL

Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

“I don’t like bananas!” Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2
(Saya tidak suka pisang!)
He said that he didn’t like bananas.
“I will call you later.” (Dia mengatakan bahwa dia tidak suka pisang.)
(Saya akan menghubungimu nanti.)
Keterangan:
“I enjoy swimming.”
(Saya menyukai berenang.) Penyampai berita tidak yakin bahwa berita
masih valid, misalnya karena speaker
sekarang makan pisang setiap hari.
She told me that he would call me later.
(Dia mengatakan padaku bahwa dia akan
menghubungiku nanti.)

Keterangan:

Penyampai berita ingin bersikap netral: tidak
menyimpulkan bahwa speaker tidak akan
menepati ataupun akan menepati janji.
He said that he enjoyed swimming.
(Dia mengatakan bahwa dia menyukai berenang.)

Keterangan:

Penyampai berita fokus pada fakta bahwa
pembicaraan tersebut merupakan past
conversation bukan pada fakta bahwa speaker
masih suka berenang.

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2

Chapter 4
News Item

The communicative Purpose :
• To inform the readers, listeners, or viewers about events of the day which are considered
newsworthy or important

The Generic Structure:
• Newsworthy (s) : recount the event in summary form
• Background event (s) : elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances
• Sources : comments by participants in, witness to and authorities expert on the events

Significant Systematic Grammatically Features:

• Short, telegraphic information about story capture headline.
• Use of material processes to retell the event
• Use of projecting verbal processes in sources stage.
• Focus on circumstances.

Ciri – Ciri News Items

• Banyak sekali ciri umum news item text; ciri paling menonjol adalah bahasanya singkat
padat dan tidak bertele-tele. Beberapa lagi diantaranya :

• Sering menggunakan action verbs
• Dominan menggunakan saying verbs
• Banyak menggunakan adverb of time, adverb of place, adverb of manner.

Catatan :
• Action verb adalah kata kerja yang menunjukan aktifitas. (lebih jelas lagi baca : Dynamic

Verbs)
• Saying verb seperti "diberitakan, dikatakan, dikutip, mengatakan, memberitakan,

mengutip".
• Adverb baca : Jenis Adverb

Contoh

Pamekasan student wins math contest in Romania

Alyssa Diva Mustika, a student from Pamekasan Junior High School, East Java, won
the gold medal at the International Mathematics Contest held in Romania between March 22
to 29, Antara news agency reported.

Speaking to journalists, Diva said she was glad that she had been able to win the
competition, which she said had been very tight. “Thank God I won. I will study harder,” she
said.

Indonesia sent 10 students to the competition in Romania. Diva is not the first
Pamekasan student to win an international science competition. Oktavian Latief, a student from
SMA Negeri 1 Pamekasan won gold at the International Physics Olympiad in 2006. Another
student, Shohibul Maromi, won the same award in 2010.

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.

Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2
“I thank Diva for giving a good name to Indonesia and Pamekasan on the international
stage,” Pamekasan Regent Kholilurrahman said as quoted by Antara.
Analisis Contoh News Item di atas :
Paragraf Pertama : Main Events
Paragraf Kedua & Ketiga : Elaboration
Paragraf Keempat : Sources.

SMA AL KAMAL
Sysca Yuliaeni Permana, S.Pd.