NATIONAL AQUATICS CENTRE DCA40163 ARCHITECTURAL STURCTURE CASE STUDY PNEUMATIC STRUCTURE PRESENTED BY : ALEXUS RAMEN ANAK CHIRESLY MUHAMMAD AMIRUL AZWAN BIN ABDULLAH 01DSB21F2044 LECTURER : MADAM FARAH REEZA BINTI ABDUL RAZAK 01DSB21F2043
CONTENTS THE AUTHORS THE BUILDING OVERVIEW THE ARCHITECTS 01 IDEA CONCEPT 02 03 04 05 09 13 14 POLYHEDRAL STEEL FRAME STRUCTURE PNEUMATIC STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS 15 REFERENCES 10 06
1 T H E A U T H O R S NAME : ALEXUS RAMEN ANAK CHIRESLY CLASS : DSB4B REG. NO : 01DSB21F2044 We are both students of Ungku Omar Polytechnic, currently undergoing fourth semester of Diploma in Architecture. We would like to take this opportunity to express our appreciation to our lecturer, Puan Farah Reeza binti Abdul Razak, for giving us the opportunity to complete this case study. Thank you for your thorough explanations, and your patience whilst guiding us through our completion for this e-book. NAME : MUHAMMAD AMIRUL AZWAN CLASS : DSB4B REG. NO : 01DSB21F2043
DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE DCA 40163 ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE T H E B U I L D I N G The National Aquatics Center (Water Cube) is located in Beijing, China. The structure has a gross floor area of 70,000m2, and houses five swimming pools, a wave machine, rides, a restaurant, and 17,000 spectator seats. Designed by Peddle Throp Walker Architects, Arup Associates and CSCEC, is one of the most breathtaking architecture with a full colour changing exterior made up of inflated ETFE membrane. 2
DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE DCA 40163 ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE 3 O V E R V I E W ARCHITECTS : PEDDLE THORP WALKER ARCHITECTS ARUP ASSOCIATES CSCEC COMPLETION LOCATION LOCATION : 24 DECEMBER 2008 : BEIJING, CHINA Located in Beijing, China with close proximity to the National Stadium, the location has become a recreational district where the area are surrounded with stadiums and other outdoor activities. 2003: Design and Planning The design process for the National Aquatics Center 2004: Construction Commences The project was a collaborative effort involving various architectural and engineering firms. 2008: Completion and Olympic Games The venue hosted various aquatics events during the Games. 2010: Renovation In 2010, the National Aquatics Center underwent a renovation to transform it into a water park. 2019: Reopening TIMELINE
DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE DCA 40163 ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE PTW ARCHITECTS CSCEC & DESIGN T H E A R C H I T E C T S Australian architecture firm founded in Sydney in 1889. Diverse architectural practice, specializing in a broad range of sectors residential/mixed use, infrastructure, aged care, the arts (education/culture) and sport. The firm is known for its collaboration and partnerships with other architectural firms and specialist consultants. ARUP ARCHITECTS Arup (officially Arup Group Limited) is a British multinational professional services firm headquartered in London that provides design, engineering, architecture, planning, and advisory services across every aspect of the built environment. Arup was established in 1946 by Sir Ove Arup. Well known for undertaking complex and challenging projects. Founded in 1957 as a state company. International profile building heavy industry and infrastructure in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East Largest construction company in the world by revenue and the 8th largest general contractor in terms of overseas sales. PROJECTS PROJECTS PROJECTS ISOLLA DOLLA MUSICA XI’AN OLYMPIC STADIUM JOHN PALMER PUBLIC SCHOOL SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE JEWEL CHANGI AIRPORT SUZHOU BAY CULTURAL CENTRE TENCENT SEAFRONT TOWER SHENZHEN SEG PLAZA SHENZEN KINGKEY 100 BUILDING 4
DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE DCA 40163 ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE I D E A C O N C E P T symbolism sustainability visually striking design The concept behind the Water Cube involved a combination of The architectural concept of the Water Cube drew inspiration from the natural structure of soap bubbles. The exterior of the building was designed to resemble a cluster of randomly arranged bubbles. This unique and organic pattern gives the structure its iconic appearance. VISUALLY STRIKING DESIGN The design of the Water Cube was intended to symbolize water and its fluidity. Creating a connection to the aquatic events that take place within the facility. SYMBOLISM 5
DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE DCA 40163 ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE P O L Y H E D R A L S T E E L F R A M E O V E R V I E W A polyhedral steel frame refers to a structural framework made of steel components that form a polyhedron—a three-dimensional geometric shape with flat faces. Polyhedral steel frames are used in construction and engineering to create structures with unique and complex geometries. The design can involve a variety of polyhedral shapes 3D bubble shape framing sustain seismic load connected by freeform nodes SPACE FRAME 6
DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE DCA 40163 ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE S T R U C T U R A L F O R M P O L Y H E D R R A L S T E E L F R A M E The steel frame of the Water Cube is made up of a series of struts that are connected to one another in the shape of a polyhedron, a three dimensional shape with many faces. The Water Cube's frame is a type of space structure that relies on tension and compression on struts to bear loads. Space frames are effective because they can cover a large area with few supports. The final structure is comprised of 22,000 tubular steel members connected by 12,000 nodes in shape of Repetitive geometric polyhedrons ductile structure to deal with the seismic conditions found in Beijing CONCRETE SLAB STEEL ANGLE STEEL PLATE BASE OF SPACE FRAME CONNECTION NODES 7
DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE DCA 40163 ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE P O L Y H E D R R A L S T E E L F R A M E M A T E R I A L Using multiple interlocking square pyramids a space frame creates a structure both strong and interesting to look at. Steel frames are often made out of steel or aluminum. high strength, suitable for carrying heavy loads providing stability in large structures inherent fire-resistant properties versatile material can easily adapt to various architectural designs recyclable FREE FORM NODES CONNECTIONS Provide freedom to create unique and innovative structures which enhance the visual appeal of a building or structure. Allow for a high degree of customization in structural design. This customization is particularly valuable when dealing with irregular shapes, complex geometries, or structures with unique architectural requirements. The ability to optimize the shape and configuration of freeform nodes contributes to improved structural performance. Topology optimization techniques can be applied to distribute forces efficiently and enhance the overall stability and load-carrying capacity of the structure. 8
DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE DCA 40163 ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE PLASTIC HINGES P O L Y H E D R R A L S T E E L F R A M E L O A D A N A L Y S I S Parts of steel frame are welded together and then assemble with nodes to create a 3d Polyhedral shape to support the dynamic and dead load The structure are holding together with help of plastic hinges that attached to the structure to adapt wit seismic load in Beijing,China The load of polyhedral steel structure distributed to the slab and beam first Then the load distributed to the column and to the ground Dynamic load on the membrane be hold and distributed to the steel structure LOAD TRANSMISSION FLOW 9 DYNAMIC LOAD DEAD LOAD TENSION FORCE LEGEND
DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE DCA 40163 ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE P N E U M A T I C S T R U C T U R E O V E R V I E W Pneumatic structure in National Aquatics Centre can be observed from the air-inflated ETFE foil membrane structure at the façade of the building. Each of the ETFE cushions have LED lighting installed to illuminate the façade with colorful lights during nighttime inflatable air cells multilayer membrane structure (Pneumatic cushions) supported by pressurized air within inflated air cells AIR-INFLATED MEMBRANES 10
DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE DCA 40163 ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE P N E U M A T I C S T R U C T U R E M A T E R I A L a high corrosion resistance strength over a wide temperature range a high melting point excellent chemical, electrical and high energy radiation resistance properties self-cleaning ( due to its anti area – adhesive) and recyclable Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) is a plastic-based fluorine atom. An accelerated aging test (comparable to the exhibition 30 years) produced almost no deterioration of film sign ETFE resins are resistant to ultraviolet light. 30% energy consumption reduced in total 55% lighting energy saved 20% solar energy is trapped and used for heating About 20% of the solar energy falling on the building is trapped within it and used to heat the swimming pools and the interior area. The translucent and recyclable ETFE panels ensure the centre is well lit during the day with appropriate levels of internal daylight, visual connection and visual comfort. Up to 55% savings on lighting energy use are achieved in the leisure pool hall. ETFE for sustainability OUTCOME Fan assisted preheated fresh air returned into interior Controlled natural daylight and radiant heat to passively heat and light the area Fresh external air preheated in vented cavity VENTED CAVITY 11
DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE DCA 40163 ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE P N E U M A T I C S T R U C T U R E C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L ETFE ALUMINIUM MEMBRANE PROFILE WEATHERSEAL GASKET ALU. CLAMPING PLATE EXTRUSION SNOW CABLE SUPPORT HOOKS KADER PROFILE PRIMARY SUPPORT CABLE ETFE CUSION 9.Air supply pipe 2.Transparent ETFE sheeting 3. Stainless steel Anti-Bird wire 5.300/300 mm steel SHS 8.Air supply to Pneumatic Units 2 8 9 5 3 12
DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE DCA 40163 ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE P N E U M A T I C S T R U C T U R E L O A D A N A L Y S I S Non-loaded bearing but each sqm considered to carry up to 25 kN Dead load = 25 kN/m2 3.The total load are distributed via tensile force to the diagonal steel grid, then direct the load to columns and foundation. 1. When the dynamic loads are pressing onto the cushions, the 2.Air pressure are vented into air cushions to make it rigid in order to withstand the load. LOAD TRANSFER FLOW AIR PRESSURE DYNAMIC LOAD TENSION FORCE WIND LOAD LEGEND 13
DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE DCA 40163 ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE C O N S T R U C T I O N P R O C E S S 1.Foundation Construction: 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2.Structural Framing: The construction team erected the steel framework according to the engineered plans. Precision and accuracy were essential to achieve the complex geometric shapes of the structure 3.Installation of ETFE Cushions: ETFE cushions were installed onto the steel frame. The installation required careful coordination to achieve the desired aesthetic effect. 4.Interior Construction: Seating areas, locker rooms, and administrative spaces, were constructed. 5.Landscaping and Exterior Finishing: Enhanced the overall appearance of the facility. This included the development of outdoor spaces, walkways, and green areas. 6.Completion and Opening: Beijing National Aquatics Center was officially opened in 2008 14
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