10 EQUISEL-LYTE

Equisel-Lyte TM





Equisel-Lyte™ is a post-workout formula with branched-chain amino
acids (BCAAs) and electrolytes which aids in muscle repair, muscle
growth, and helps maintain electrolyte balance.




INDICATION(S) • Dehydration • Peritonitis
• Diarrhea • Pleuritis
• Dysphagia • Rebuilding damaged tissue
• Endotoxemia • Renal failure
• Exhaustion • Rhabdomyolysis
• Lactation • Severe colic
• Maintenance and growth of • Sweating
skeletal muscle
• Neurologic dysfunction

INGREDIENTS • Antispasmodic
ACTIONS • Nutritive
• Restorative


ADMINISTRATION • Oral

DOSAGE • Administer 50 cc post-exercise


STORAGE • Store at room temperature and away from direct sunlight.
• Refrigeration is not required.
• Keep bottle cap tightly closed when not in use.
• Keep out of reach of children.

PACKAGING • Bottle of 500 g / 1.1 lb. and 1 Kg / 2.2 lb.



Equisel-Lyte™ FORMULA

Medicinal Ingredients per 50 cc scoop:

Chloride (Sodium and Potassium chloride)............................................5700 mg
Sodium (Sodium chloride)........................................................................3800 mg
Potassium (Potassium chloride)...............................................................1900 mg
Calcium (Calcium citrate)..........................................................................276 mg
Magnesium (Magnesium citrate) ...............................................................87 mg
L-Glutamine...............................................................................................5800 mg
L-Valine.......................................................................................................5000 mg
L-Isoleucine................................................................................................4700 mg
L-Leucine....................................................................................................4500 mg


Non-medicinal Ingredients:

Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek Seed)




Omega Alpha Equine | 1

Equisel-Lyte™ is manufactured under strict GMP standards and contains no dairy, yeast, corn, wheat or gluten.
Does not contain animal by-products. This product is made from all natural ingredients so there may be batch
differences in color and taste.



PHARMACOLOGY



Sodium Chloride (NaCl )


Horse sweat has a higher percentage of electrolytes, especially sodium, potassium
and chloride (Hinchcliff et al., 2004; NRC, 2007). Sodium is the major extracellular
cation and the major electrolyte involved in the maintenance of acid-base balance
and osmotic regulation of body fluids (NRC, 2007). Sodium is the chief base of the
plasma (El Amrousi & Soliman, 1965). Assessment of electrolyte and acid-base
status should be regarded as important in clinical conditions such as diarrhea,
severe colic, peritonitis, pleuritis, dysphagia, neurologic dysfunction, exhaustion,
renal failure, and rhabdomyolysis (Johnson, 1995). Chronic sodium depletion
results in decreased skin turgor and in acute sodium deficiency, muscle contraction
and chewing were uncoordinated and horses can have a steady gait (NRC, 2007).





Potassium Chloride (KCl)


Potassium is a major intracellular cation which is involved in the maintenance of
acid-base balance and osmotic pressure and is also involved in neuromuscular
excitability (Hess, 2005; NRC, 2007). In horses, fluid loss during exercise can reach
to 10 to 15 L per hour and horse’s sweat is hypertonic with respect to plasma, large
amounts of sodium, chloride, and potassium can be lost during prolonged exercise
(NRC, 2007). Whole body potassium is depleted by decreased feed intake, diarrhea,
nasogastric-reflux, acid-base imbalances, endotoxemia, sweating, lactation, and
abnormal renal function (Hess, 2005).





Calcium Citrate (C H Ca O )
14
3
12
10
Calcium homeostasis is critical in horses and physical exercise is known to affect
calcium homeostasis (Vervuert et al., 2002). Removing calcium from the skeleton
to meet metabolic demands when dietary calcium intake is inadequate can result
in a weakened skeleton if done in excess. Skeletal integrity is important for the
performance horse. Exercise increases bone density and thus may increase the
demand for calcium. Besides playing a structural support to the body, calcium plays
a definitive role in various functions within the body such as muscle contraction,
the function of cell membranes, blood coagulation, and the regulation of digestive
and metabolic enzymes (NRC, 2007).













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Magnesium citrate (C H MgO )
6 6 7

Magnesium found within the cells is an important cofactor in many of the reactions
involved in various metabolic pathways (Hinchcliff et al., 2004). Magnesium
has an important role in regulating the calcium channel function and therefore
neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitation, skeletal muscle contraction, vasomotor
tone, and cardiac excitability (Reed et al., 2004). Magnesium deficiency may
cause muscle weakness, tremors, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, hypokalemia, and
hypocalcemia (NRC, 2007).




L-Glutamine (C H N O )
2
3
5
10
Glutamine is the most abundant free -amino acid in the body of most mammals
and the majority of stored glutamine is concentrated in skeletal muscle. Catabolic
stress increases the need for glutamine by a number of tissues. This demand is met
by increased glutamine release from skeletal muscle (Manso et al., 2012). In the
horse, intense exercise and infection have been shown to decrease plasma glutamine
concentrations and supplementation with glutamine may be of benefit in the
athletically or clinically stressed horse (Harris et al., 2006).





L-Leucine (C H NO ), L-Isoleucine (C H NO ), and L-Valine
6
2
13
6
2
13
(C H NO )
5 11 2
Leucine, isoleucine, and valine possess a similar structure with a branched-chain residue and
therefore are referred to as BCAAs and they account for 35-40% of the dietary essential amino
acids in body protein and 14-18% of the total amino acids in muscle proteins (Shimomura et al.,
2006). The muscle mass of horses is between 32-36% of body weight (Gunn, 1987); the muscle
protein pool therefore represents a very large reservoir of BCAAs in the body (Shimomura et al.,
2006). BCAAs are the only amino acids not degraded in the liver and in muscle BCAAs are directed to protein synthesis and
energy production (Etzel, 2004). Studies have shown that BCAA supplementation before and after
exercise may reduce muscle damage induced by exercise (Shimomura et al., 2006).

Leucine is the only dietary amino acid that has the capacity to stimulate muscle protein synthesis
(Etzel, 2004). Leucine plays multiple roles in metabolism such a regulator of translation initiation of
protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, a modulator of insulin signaling, a fuel for skeletal muscle, and
a primary nitrogen donor for the production of alanine and glutamine in
skeletal muscle (Layman & Walker, 2006).

In most studies, BCAAs have been given together with carbohydrates during different types of
sustained exercise (Blomstrand, 2006). In horses, repeated post-exercise administration with a
mixture of leucine and glucose caused a marked insulin response and altered the plasma amino
acid profile in horses in a similar manner as described in man (Nostell et al., 2012).
















Omega Alpha Equine | 3

SAFETY



PRECAUTIONS • An examination from a veterinarian is recommended prior to using this product.
• Safe use in pregnant animals or animals intended for breeding has not been proven.
• If animal’s condition worsens or does not improve, stop product administration and
consult your veterinarian.
• Not to be used one week prior to surgery.
• Not for use in horses intended for food as a withdrawal period has not been
established.
• Consult your veterinarian for potential drug interactions.
• Off-label use of this product in ruminants is not recommended.
• Oral use only.
• Administer during or after the animal has eaten to reduce incidence of
gastrointestinal upset.
• Shake well before use.

WARNINGS • To be used in horses only.
• Keep out of the reach of children and animals.
• In case of accidental overdose, contact a health professiona l immediately.


ADVERSE REACTIONS • Mild gastrointestinal discomfort may occur which is dose dependent.

CONTRAINDICATIONS • Pregnant mare and nursing mare




REFERENCES


Blomstrand E. (2006). A Role for Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Reducing Central Fatigue. The Journal of Nutrition.
136(2):544S-547S.
El Amrousi S, Soliman MK. (1965). Serum calcium, potassium and sodium of healthy horses three to fourteen years of age. The
Canadian Vetrinary Journal. 6(10):253-56.
Etzel MR. (2004). Manufacture and use of dairy protein fractions. The Journal of Nutrition. 134(4):996S-1002S.

Gunn HM. Muscle, bone and fat proportions and muscle distribution of Thoroughbreds and other horses. In: Gillespie JR, Robinson NE,
eds. Equine exercise physiology 2. Davis. CA: ICEEP; 253-64.

Harris RC, Harris PA, Routledge NB, Naylor JR, Wilson AM. (2006). Plasma glutamine concentrations in the horse following feeding and
oral glutamine supplementation. Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement. (36):637-42.

Hess TM. (2005). Potassium-free and potassium-containing electrolytes affect plasma ions and acid-base status of endurance horses.
Retrieved from scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02102005-131245/unrestricted/THessDissertation100205.pdf on 30th October,
2014.
Hinchcliff KW, Kaneps AJ, Geor RJ. (2004). Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery: Basis and Clinical Sciences of the Equine Athlete.
Saunders: An imprint of Elsevier. Toronto.
Johnson PJ. (1995). Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances in the horse. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice.
11(3):491-514.
Layman DK, Walker DA. (2006). Potential importance of leucine in treatment of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The Journal of
Nutrition. 136(1 Suppl):319S-23S.

Manso HE, Filho HC, de Carvalho LE, Kutschenko M, Nogueira ET, Watford M. (2012). Glutamine and glutamate supplementation raise
milk glutamine concentrations in lactating gilts. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 3(1):2.




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National Resvearch Council (U.S.). (2007). Nutrient requirements of horses. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press.

Nostell KE, Essén-Gustavsson B, Bröjer JT. (2012). Repeated post-exercise administration with a mixture of leucine and glucose alters the
plasma amino acid profile in Standardbred trotters. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 54:7.

Reed SM, Bayly WM, Sellon DC. (2004). Equine Internal Medicine. Second Edition. Saunders, USA.

Shimomura Y, Yamamoto Y, Bajotto G, et al. (2006). Nutraceutical effects of branched-chain amino acids on skeletal muscle. The Journal
of Nutrition. 136(2):529S-532S.

Vervuert I, Coenen M, Wedemeyer U, Chrobok C, Harmeyer J, Sporleder HP. (2002). Calcium homeostasis and intact plasma parathyroid
hormone during exercise and training in young Standardbred horses. Equine Veterinary Journal. 34(7):713-8.









































































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