Solutions Project

Solutions

SIRI ADUSUMILLI

PERIOD 6

Solutes and Solvents

Lemonade Sparkling Water

Solute: Sugar and Lemon Juice Solute: Carbon Dioxide Gas
Solvent: Water Solvent: Water

Nail Polish Remover Windex

Solute: Water and Propylene Carbonate Solute: Isopropyl Alcohol
Solvent: Acetone Solvent: Water

Honey Vinegar

Solute: Sugar (fructose and sucrose) Solute: Acetic Acid
Solvent: Water Solvent: Water

Lemonade Ingredient List:

Found at home Pure filtered
Unsaturated; Lemonade is an unsaturated solution as water

it has capabilities to dissolve more solute. An Lemon juice
unsaturated solution is one that still has a capacity to Cane sugar
Natural flavors
dissolve more solute meaning lemonade is an
unsaturated solution.

The solutes in lemonade are sugar and lemon juice.
Sugar has covalent bonds because it is

an monosaccharide while lemon juice has ionic bonds
as it is an electrolyte.

Lemonade is a very popular sweetened drink that is
served commonly during the spring and summer.

Lemonade is made by mixing water, lemon juice, and
sugar together. Other additions can be added by
preference, but these are the most common
ingredients used to make lemonade.

Nail Polish Remover Ingredient List:

Found at home Acetone
When two liquids are mixed together and create a Water
Propylene
solution, they cannot be classified as saturated, Carbonate
unsaturated, or supersaturated as the solute and Dimethyl Glutarate
Dimethyl Adipate
solvents are both liquid meaning there is no Glycerin
dissolution, but simple mixing of two liquids. Panthenol
The solutes in nail polish remover are water and Tocopheryl
propylene carbonate. Water and propylene carbonate Acetate
Fragrance
are both made up of covalent bonds. Propylene Glycol
Nail Polish Remover is made by mixing acetone which Denotonium
Benzoate
helps dissolve the film of the nail polish, water, Benzophenone-1
propylene carbonate and many other resins to create

a thin liquid. This liquid is used to chip away at the
layer of nail polish or other substances used which is

why acetone makes up around 90% of most nail
polishes.

Honey Ingredient List:

Found at home Pure raw
Supersaturated; Honey contains more sugar that can unfiltered honey

be dissolved at room temperature making it a
supersaturated solution as a supersaturated solution

has more solute than can be dissolved.
The solutes in honey are sugars such as fructose and
sucrose. Fructose and sucrose are both held together

by covalent bonds as they are monosaccharides.
Honey starts as flower nectar which is collected by
bees and then is broken down into simple sugars by
the bees and stored in honeycombs. Honeycombs are
harvested by beekeepers and honey is extracted and
strained to remove wax and other excess particles.
This honey is currently mostly sugars such as fructose
and sucrose which are then dissolved in water and
sold. Honey is a common sweetener used in food and

in some cases is a common form of ayurvedic
medicine.

Sparkling Water Ingredient List:

Found at home Carbonated
Supersaturated; All carbonated drinks are mineral water
supersaturated because the liquid is completely
saturated to the maximum with carbon dioxide.
Therefore, sparkling water is supersaturated as it cannot
hold any more of the solute, carbon dioxide, at room
temperature as stated in the definition of a
supersaturated solution. If more carbon dioxide was
dissolved in, that would lead to too much pressure in the

container causing it to burst.
The solute in sparkling water is carbon dioxide which is a

gas, meaning it is neither covalent or ionic.
Sparkling water is made when carbon dioxide is injected

into pressurized water. The pressure increases the
solubility which allows more of the carbon dioxide to
dissolve. Sparkling water is used as another option for
the way water is served. Sparkling water is a carbonated

drink found commonly in ordinary life.

Windex Ingredient List:

Found at home Hexoxyethanol
Unsaturated; Windex is an unsaturated solution as it Isopropanolamine

has capabilities to dissolve more solute. An Sodium
unsaturated solution is one that still has a capacity to Dodecylbenzene

dissolve more solute meaning windex is an Sulfonate
unsaturated solution. Lauramine Oxide

The main solute in windex is isopropyl alcohol which is Fragrance
held together by covalent bonds as it is made up of Sodium
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Windex is made up of water, isopropyl alcohol and Hydroxide
other small molecules that contribute to making it Liquitint® Blue
such a powerful cleaning source. Windex is used to
clean car's windows, mirrors, glass, chrome, stainless HP
Liquitint® Red ST
steel, plastic, and other vinyl surfaces. Windex is a very
common household item that cleans and shines glass

with no streaks.

Vinegar Ingredient List:

Found at home Water
When two liquids are mixed together and create a Acetic acid
Sun-ripened
solution, they cannot be classified as saturated,
unsaturated, or supersaturated as the solute and grain

solvents are both liquid meaning there is no
dissolution, but simple mixing of two liquids.
The main solute in vinegar is acetic acid which is
covalent even though it dissociates into acetate ions
and hydrogen ions when mixed with water.
Vinegar is made by mixing water and acetic acid.
Vinegar is a multipurpose household item that can be
used for cooking, baking, cleaning and weed control
and may aid weight loss and lower blood sugar and

cholesterol.

Works Cited

Admin. “Difference between Unsaturated, Saturated, and Supersaturated Solutions.” Unsaturated vs Saturated
vs Supersaturated Solutions - Difference Between, TheyDiffer.com, 23 Feb. 2018, theydiffer.com/difference-
between-unsaturated-saturated-and-supersaturated-solutions/.
Study.com, Study.com, study.com/academy/lesson/ionic-covalent-solutes-definition-difference.html.
Hill, Ansley. “White Vinegar: Ingredients, Uses and Benefits.” Healthline, Healthline Media, 31 July 2018,
www.healthline.com/nutrition/white-vinegar.
StackExchange, et al. “Is Honey Really a Supersaturated Solution? Does Heating to Un-Crystalize Redissolve It or
Melt It?” Chemistry Stack Exchange, 1 Jan. 1969, chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/111060/is-honey-
really-a-supersaturated-solution-does-heating-to-un-crystalize-redisso.
“Honey, Recipes, Research, Information.” National Honey Board, 26 Mar. 2020, www.honey.com/about-
honey/how-honey-is-made.
Buddies, Science. “The Business of Fizziness: Find Your Soda's Fizz!” Scientific American, Scientific American, 16
Aug. 2018, www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-business-of-fizziness-find-your-sodas-fizz/.
“Frequently Asked Questions.” – Windex® – SC Johnson, www.windex.com/en-us/inspiration/more-about-
windex/faq.
Helmenstine, Anne Marie. “What Is the Chemical Formula of Vinegar?” ThoughtCo, ThoughtCo, 6 May 2019,
www.thoughtco.com/vinegar-chemical-formula-and-facts-608481.