International Future Scientists Conference 2021
WELCOMING REMARK
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent and
the Most Merciful. May peace, mercy, and
blessings of Allah be upon you.
Welcome to the International Future Scientists
Conference 2021 (iFSC 2021). On behalf of
the organizing committee, I would like to
extend our warmest welcome and
appreciation to all speakers, presenters, and
participants of the IFSC 2021. Allow me to
seize this opportunity to welcome all
participants & guests and to by first expressing
our gratitude to the Almighty God for all His blessings, grace, and mercies for allowing
us to gather here in iSFC 2021 in excellent condition and health.
This year’s conference theme is “Embracing STEAM for the Challenging Future". It is
high time for us to pay more attention to new norms and challenges in this era. More
importantly, we have to be ready and prepare the necessary platforms for our future
generations to plan, manage, observe and to engineer effective solutions to the
unknown future worlds. Thus, this year’s theme addresses these concerns, and gearing
them in embracing ‘STEAM’ in their future endeavors.
We hope that this virtual conference will spark research interest in students to
participate seriously in STEAM knowledge disciplines, with the goal to contribute to
mankind and to our local- global prosperity. As we are still in the middle of Covid-19
pandemic, IFSC has been adapted to suit the current norms with several physical
restrictions. This is the second year that this conference has been held virtually. Despite
all the challenges in adapting to the new norms, our virtual conference stands strong.
I can proudly say that our students have adapted very well to the new norms of
learning and gaining useful and essential skills along the way.
This conference is part of our STEM endeavors which exposes young researchers
among high school students to the importance of research, and thus improving their
interest in STEM. IFSC 2021 provides a unique platform to expose cutting edge research
findings, opportunity for interacting and exchanging ideas among participants as well
as developing students’ talents. We pave the ways of opportunity for students to
interact, experience, and connect with real-life scientists and researchers from various
faculties of this university (UKM) so that they will have a real-life experience in making
new discoveries and collecting new findings throughout the research process, and
that, Ladies and Gentlemen, is a game changer for exposing our young generations
to research.
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
It is with high hope that this virtual conference can prepare young researchers to
discover new dimensions and insights in research and uncover cutting edge
technology. It is our mission to nurture the students' research interest and help expand
their knowledge and skills. Finally, I would like to thank all committee members for the
commitment in organizing this conference efficiently.
We also hope that through this conference, our young researchers are able to grow
their inner potentials and feed their learning curiosity with research skills that will spark
deeper into their research interest. Finally, I would like to thank all the committee
members for organizing this conference efficiently.
May God bless us all with good health to make this iFSC 2021 a successful and
enjoyable one!
Thank you very much.
PROF. MADYA DR RORLINDA BINTI YUSOF
Director
GENIUS@Pintar National Gifted Centre
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
KEYNOTE SPEAKER
International Future Scientists Conference
2021
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
JURY
International Future Scientists Conference
2021
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE
DAY 1
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
9th November 2021 (Tuesday)
........................................................................................................................................
TIME AGENDA PLATFORM
Zoom
9.30 am - 10.30 am : Opening Ceremony & Facebook live
Majlis Perasmian
10.45 am - 12.45 : Workshop 1 / Bengkel 1 Zoom
pm
Prof. Dr. Misni Misran
Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya
2.30 pm - 4.30 pm : Workshop 2 / Bengkel 2 Zoom
Cik Shubatra Nahenthara Raj
Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), UKM
* Participation in Workshop 1 & Workshop 2 will be recorded in UrusBakat UKM
DAY 2
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
10th November 2021 (Wednesday)
........................................................................................................................................
TIME AGENDA PLATFORM
Zoom
8.30 am - 10.30 am : Presentation & Evaluation
Pembentangan & Penilaian
11.00 am - 1.00 pm : Presentation & Evaluation Zoom
Pembentangan & Penilaian
2.30 pm - 4.30 pm : Presentation & Evaluation Zoom
Pembentangan & Penilaian
DAY 3
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
11th November 2021 (Thursday)
........................................................................................................................................
TIME AGENDA PLATFORM
Zoom
9.00 am - 11.00 am : Workshop 3 / Bengkel 3
Zoom
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nik Lukman Nik & Facebook
Live
Ibrahim
DepartmentofArchitecture &Built
Environment, Faculty of Engineering & Built
Environment, UKM
11.15 am - 12.30 : Closing Ceremony
pm Majlis Penutupan
* Participation in Workshop 3 will be recorded in UrusBakat UKM
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
OPENING CEREMONY
Majlis Perasmian
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
Date: 9th November 2021
(Tuesday) Platform: Zoom &
Facebook Live
........................................................................................................................................
TIME AGENDA
9.00 am - 9.15 am : Arrival of Guests
Ketibaan Tetamu
9.15 am - 9.30 am : Arrival of
the Director of Centre for Research and
Instrumentation Management (CRIM-UKM)
& the Director of GENIUS@Pintar National Gifted Centre,
UKM Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Penyelidikan dan Instrumentasi
(CRIM-UKM) & Pengarah Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
9.30 am - 9.40 am : National Anthem ‘Negaraku’ & ‘VarsitiKita’
Lagu ‘Negaraku’ & ‘Varsiti Kita’
9.40 am - 9.45 am : Recitation of Doa
Bacaan Doa
9.45 am - 9.50 am : Montage Presentation
Tayangan Montaj
9.50 am - 10.00 am : Welcoming Speech by
the Director of GENIUS@Pintar National Gifted Centre, UKM
Ucapan Aluan oleh Pengarah Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
YBrs. Prof. Madya Dr. Rorlinda Yusof
10.00 am - 10.10 am : Officiating Speech by
the Director of Centre for Research and
Instrumentation Management (CRIM-UKM)
Ucapan Perasmian oleh
Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Penyelidikan dan Instrumentasi (CRIM-
UKM)
YBhg. Prof. Dr. Ismanizan Ismail
10.10 am - 10.20 am : Video Performance
by the Students of GENIUS@Pintar National Gifted College,
UKM
Video Persembahan Pelajar Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
10.20 am - 10.30 am : Photography Session & Disperse
Sesi Bergambar & Bersurai
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
CLOSING CEREMONY
Majlis Penutupan
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
Date: 11th November 2021
(Thursday) Platform: Zoom &
Facebook Live
.............................................................................................................................
TIME AGENDA
11.00 am
: Arrival of Guests
Ketibaan Tetamu
11.10 am - 11.15 am : Arrival of
the Director of GENIUS@Pintar National Gifted Centre,
UKM
Ketibaan Pengarah Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
11.15 am - 11.25 am : National Anthem ‘Negaraku’ & ‘VarsitiKita’
Lagu ‘Negaraku’ & ‘Varsiti Kita’
11.25 am - 11.30 am : Recitation of Doa
Bacaan Doa
11.30 am - 11.35 am : Montage Presentation
Tayangan Montaj
11.35 am - 11.45 am : Closing Speech
by the Director of GENIUS@Pintar National Gifted Centre,
UKM
Ucapan Aluan oleh Pengarah Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
YBrs. Prof. Madya Dr. Rorlinda Yusof
11.45 am - 12.15 pm : Presentation of Awards
Penyampaian Hadiah
12.15 pm - 12.25 pm : Video Performance
by the Students of GENIUS@Pintar National Gifted College,
UKM
Video Persembahan Pelajar Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
12.25 pm - 12.30 pm : Photography Session & Disperse
Sesi Bergambar & Bersurai
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
PRESENTATION SCHEDULE
RAFFLESIA ROOM
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
10th November 2021 (Wednesday)
8.30 am – 10.30 am
............................................................................................................................. ...........
Title School Name
Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF WASTE VEGETABLE Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
OILS AS A MEAN OF PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS Niigata Prefectural Shibata High School
Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
CONSERVING ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION OF Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur
FANS BY USING DYNAMOS: A CONCEPT PAPER
EFFICIENT METHODS TO GAIN HIGHER SUGAR
CONTENT
USING COMPUTER-BRAIN INTERFACE FOR
REHABILITATION PURPOSES FOR AMPUTATED
AND PATIENTS WITH PARALYZED BODY PARTS
CONNECTED SMART DUSTBIN (CSD): A
PROTOTYPE OF AUTOMATIC WASTE SORTING
AND MANAGING USING ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
ORCHID ROOM
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
10th November 2021 (Wednesday)
8.30 am – 10.30 am
............................................................................................................................. ...........
Title School Name
THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON THE Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
ENVIRONMENT Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
GREEN CLEAN: ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CITRUS Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
× AURANTIIFOLIA SP., CITRUS LIMON SP., AND
CITRUS × PARADISI SP. Niigata prefectural Shibata high school
ANALYSIS OF PVA COMPOSITE ON TENSILE
STRENGTH AND WATER SOLUBILITY AS
ALTERNATIVE POLYMER FOR BIODEGRADABLE
PLASTIC
SAVONIUS WINDMILL : AIM OPTIMIZATION AT
THE POSITION OF WALL AND NUMBER OF
WINGSSAVONIUS WINDMILL : AIM OPTIMIZATION
ATTHE POSITION OF WALL AND NUMBER OF
WINGS
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
IXORA ROOM
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
10th November 2021 (Wednesday)
8.30 am – 10.30 am
............................................................................................................................. ...........
Title School Name
SECURE AUTOMATIC DOORS SYSTEM AND Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur
ATTENDANCE LOGGER USING FACIAL
RECOGNITIOA Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
AMMONIAAS UNLIMITED SOURCE OF ZERO- Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools,
EMISSION TRANSITION AND BIOFUEL: A REVIEW Kazakhstan
PAPER Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR THE SIMPLE WEATHER
MONITORING SYSTEM (SIWMOS): A PRELIMINARY
STUDY
PRODUCTION OF BIOPLASTICS FROMPLANT
FOOD WASTE
TEXTURE-MODIFIED FOODS FOR DYSPHAGIA
PATIENTS
BOUGAINVILLEA ROOM
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
10th November 2021 (Wednesday)
8.30 am – 10.30 am
............................................................................................................................. ...........
Title School Name
A REVIEW ON CURCULIN IN CURCULIGO Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
LATIFOLIA AS A NATURAL ZERO-CALORIE Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
SWEETENER Maktab Rendah Sains Mara Kuala
Klawang
PLANTAGO MAJOR AS ABSORBENT PAD ON Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
ADHESIVE BANDAGE TO EXPEDITE WOUND
HEALING PROCESS: A CONCEPT PAPER Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur
REMOVAL OF DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
USING SALTED EGG COATING
DIRECT AIR CAPTURE VEHICLE AS AN
ALTERNATIVEFOR STATIONARY CARBON FIXING
PHOTOBIOREACTOR: A CONCEPTPAPER
SMART HOUSE UTILIZATION FOR SECURITY
SYSTEM AND ENERGY SAVING
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
BEGONIA ROOM
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
10th November 2021 (Wednesday)
11.00 am – 1.00 pm
............................................................................................................................. ...........
Title School Name
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY FOR NOURISHING SOIL: SJK(T) Taman Melawati, Kuala Lumpur
COMPREHENDING THE PROCESS AND Malaysia
MEASUREMENT OF SOIL TESTING
Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
TERMINALIA CATAPPA AS A SUBSTITUTION FOR ANTI- Kolej GENIUS Insan,
CHLORINE IN AQUATIC TANK Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
GENIUS ECOBISEN - RECOVERING WASTE AS AN Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
ALTERNATIVE SOURCE FOR COOKING AND
LANDSCAPING USING MACHINED-TECHNOLOGY Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
THE POTENTIAL OF EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur
(EM) AND CHARCOAL IN MUDBALL TO IMPROVE
WATER QUALITY AT TAMAN TASIK SHAH ALAM
REVIEW ON MICROALGAE CULTIVATION AND
HARVESTINGTO BENEFIT THEHIGHEST ENERGY
PRODUCTION
AIR POLLUTANTFILTERON MOTORCYCLE EXHAUST
BY USING ZEOLITE FLUID AS AN ABSORBENT
FUSCHIA ROOM
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
10th November 2021 (Wednesday)
11.00 am – 1.00 pm
............................................................................................................................. ...........
Title School Name
HEALTH RISKS RELATED TO EXCESSIVE SCREEN TIME Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
AMONGST GIFTED STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA DURING Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
LOCKDOWN Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
THE ROLES OF PUNICALAGIN AS ANTIOXIDANT IN MAZ International School
POMEGRANATE ON ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
FORMULATION OF ECZEMA-FRIENDLY LOTION
HAND SANITIZER WITH BUNGA JARUM-JARUM
(IXORA COCCINEA) EXTRACT: A CONCEPTUAL PAPER
REVIEW OF DEXAMETHASONE, REMDESIVIR AND
FAMOTIDINE DRUG TREATMENTS AVAILABLE FOR
COVID-19
EFFECTIVENESS OF APTAMER-BASED BIOSENSORS
FOR THE DETECTION OF SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL IN
FOOD SAMPLE
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
HYDRANGEA ROOM
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
10th November 2021 (Wednesday)
11.00 am – 1.00 pm
............................................................................................................................. ...........
Title School Name
EFFICACY OF CUCUMIS SATIVUS IN ELIMINATING Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
TAPINOMA SESSILE Niigata Prefectural Shibata High
School
DIFFERENCE IN ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
DEPENDING ON THE INDIVIDUALITY OF THE
SUBSTANCE Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur
Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF
KELULUT HONEY (MELIPONINE HONEY),
CINNAMON (CINNAMOMUM VERUM), TURMERIC
(CUCURMAN LONGA) AND GARLIC (ALLIUM
SATIVUM) EXTRACTS AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI:
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
CONTAMINATED WATER TREATMENT USING
MULTI PHYTOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY
EFFECTIVENESS OF COCONUT (COCOS
NUCIFERA) BASED SUPPLEMENTS AS DIETARY
SUPPLEMENTS IN EVERYDAY LIFE
HIBISCUS ROOM
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
10th November 2021 (Wednesday)
11.00 am – 1.00 pm
............................................................................................................................. ...........
Title School Name
POTENTIAL ATTACKS IN IMPLEMENTATIONS OF Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
PUBLIC-KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur
SMK SAINS Pendang
EFFECT OF VARIATIONS OF THE MAIN Niigata Prefectural Shibata High School
INGREDIENT OF GELATIN BY GRAVIMETRIC
METHODS USING DEGREASING,
DEMINERALIZATION, EXTRACTION AND DRYING
TECHNIQUES
THE APPLICATION OF MEAN TOP BOTTOM
IMPUTATION METHOD FOR REPLACING THE
MISSING DATA OF CO TIME SERIES
INQUIRING INTO USEFULNESS OF STICKY
FOREIGN SPECIES CONSIDERING TO USE
SOLIDAGO ALTISSIMA IN INDUSTRIAL FIELD
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
FRANGIPANI ROOM
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
10th November 2021 (Wednesday)
2.30 pm – 4.30 pm
............................................................................................................................. ...........
Title School Name
THE IMPACT OF MOBILE PHONE Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES ON THE HUMAN
BRAINWAVES Kolej GENIUS Insan,
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
PROMOTING MENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
AWARENESS AMONG GIFTED STUDENTS OF Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
KOLEJ GENIUS INSAN: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPATIAL MAZ International School
VISUALIZATION AND MATHEMATICS
PERFORMANCE AMONG GIFTED HIGH
SCHOOL STUDENTS
ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION AMONG
GIFTED AND TALENTED STUDENTS IN
MALAYSIA
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP QUALITY AND
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GIFTED
STUDENTS DURING THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC
THE IMPACT OF PERFORMATIVE
ENVIRONMENTALISM ON THE FIGHT AGAINST
CLIMATE CHANGE
LOTUS ROOM
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
10th November 2021 (Wednesday)
2.30 pm – 4.30 pm
............................................................................................................................. ...........
Title School Name
THE EFFECT OF MENTAL HEALTH ON ACADEMIC Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
PERFORMANCES AMONG MALAYSIAN GIFTED Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
STUDENTS
Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
THE EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 QUARANTINE ON
THE MENTAL HEALTH OF KOLEJ GENIUS@PINTAR Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
NEGARA STUDENTS MAZ International School
TESTING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF YLANG-YLANG
(CANANGA ODORATA) AROMATHERAPY AMONG
GIFTED STUDENTS IN KOLEJ GENIUS@PINTAR
NEGARA
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON MYOPIA AMONG
STUDENTS
EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE ON ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE IN HIGH SCHOOL CHILDREN
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
LANTANA ROOM
International Future Scientists Virtual Conference 2021
10th November 2021 (Wednesday)
2.30 pm – 4.30 pm
............................................................................................................................. ...........
Title School Name
SIGNIFICANCE OF VITAMIN D CONCENTRATION Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH COVID-19 IN ASIAN Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
COUNTRIES Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM
HOW PETS AFFECT STUDENTS’ EMOTIONS AND Kolej GENIUS Insan,
MENTAL HEALTH Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
THE EFFECT OF LENGTH OF BREAK TIME MAZ International School
BETWEEN CLASSES ON STUDENT PERFORMANCE
(SPECIFICALLY TARGETING ONLINE CLASSES)
UTILISING THE ELEMENTS OF POPULAR GAMES IN
IMPROVING ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS AMONG
GIFTED STUDENTS OF KOLEJ GENIUS INSAN: A
QUALITATIVE APPROACH
CHANGESTOLIFESTYLE OFSTUDENTSDUETO
COVID-19 IN 15-18-YEAR-OLDS
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
RESEARCH ABSTRACT
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
“Embracing STEAM for the Challenging Future”
Applied Science
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF WASTE VEGETABLE OILS AS A MEAN OF
PRODUCTION OF BIOFUEL
Muhammad Danish Addie Halim1, Isa Mohd Faizal1, Ellena Sofea Muhammad Fadhil
Tan1, Siti Nurul Iman Saifullhazzly1, Nurhaibah Hakimah Arshad1, Mazliza Mohtar1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This research project is conducted to find an environmentally friendly source of
energy. A report by National Energy Balance in 2017 shows that over 93% of energy
sources in Malaysia are non-renewable. This is especially worrying since the sources
are finite and have been shown to contribute to greenhouse gas emission. We found
out about the potential of biofuels produced from wasted vegetable oils as a
potential energy source. Biofuels, also known as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), can
be produced from waste vegetable oils via a process called transesterification, which
involves the process of exchanging the organic alkyl groups of said oil with a methyl
group. One of the main benefits of using biofuels over conventional fuels is that there
is less greenhouse gas released when it’s burned. In the transesterification process,
two key ingredients can have an impact on the quality and the yield rate of biofuel
production, which is the concentration of catalysts and the amount of alcohol. In our
study, we experimented with different concentrations of catalysts (NaOH) and the
amount of alcohol (CH3OH) used in the process. To measure the quality of the
biofuels, we calculate the energy within the biofuels. As a result, we found that 1%
catalyst concentration and 6:1 molar ratio of alcohol to oil to be the optimum
condition to produce biofuels. In this condition, the process produces biofuels with the
highest energy value and the production yield rate is maximized.
Keywords: energy source; biofuel; environment
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
CONSERVING ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION OF FANS BY USING DYNAMOS: A CONCEPT
PAPER
Khair Amzar Mohd Ashri1, Fariszudin Noorakhirludin Alam1, Muhammad Adam
Hakimi Abdullah1, Nik Nur Farah Najihah Nik Kamal1, Nur Hanan Mohd Makhzani1,
Muhammad Zaim Esrati1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
With the emergence of the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019, the world was greatly
affected from all angles, especially the increase in electrical consumption of
residential sectors. This was due to the Movement Controlled Order (MCO) issued by
the government to prevent the pandemic from spreading. However, this caused the
monthly electric bills in Malaysia to be higher as residents spent most of their days in
the house using all types of electrical appliances in compliance with the MCO. This
research aims to conserve the electrical consumption of fans specifically in residential
areas and reduce monthly electric bills in every house. Dynamos are connected or
put in contact with the rotor of fans through a mechanism that will turn the kinetic
energy produced to generate electrical energy, which can be used to supply other
appliances such as smartphones, kettles, and lights. It also can be stored in a battery,
which will be used as an emergency or backup electrical supplies when a blackout
or shortage occurs. This study will show that dynamos have the potential to conserve
the electrical consumption of fans thus reducing the monthly electric bills.
Keywords: conserving electrical consumption; dynamos; generation of electricity;
smart consumer
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
EFFICIENT METHODS TO GAIN HIGHER SUGAR CONTENT
Ryo Watanabe¹, Kosei Takahashi¹, Nanaru Adachi¹, Ren Sato¹, Keiichi Oshima1*
¹Shibata High School
3-7-6, Yutaka-cho, Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, 957-8555 Japan
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study's goal is to find efficient methods to heighten sugar content gained from the
materials. In our experiments, saccharification was conducted by using sulfuric acid
as a catalyst, which decomposed cellulose contained in the materials into glucose
with hydrolysis effect, in order to increase sugar content. In Experiment 1, peanut shells
and filter paper were used as materials. Saccharification was conducted three times
at 50℃ and sugar content was neutralized and then scaled using a sugar mater, which
measure refractive index. The result was that the sugar content of peanut shells
increased from 0.3% to 3.6%, and that of filter paper increased from 0.0% to 2.9%.
From this result, it was concluded that sugar content is increased at 50℃. In
Experiment2, saccharification was conducted four times in the same way as
Experiment 1 using used tea leaves and three conditions of field horsetail (raw, dried,
frozen) as materials. The result showed that the sugar content of used tea increased
from 1.0% to 4.2%, raw field horsetail from 0.6% to 2.8%, dried field horsetail from 2.9%
to 3.1%, and the frozen field horsetail from 1.4% to 3.1%. From this study, it was
concluded that gaining higher sugar content is highly depending on the initial state
rather than how many times saccharification is conducted.
Keywords: saccharification; sugar content; cellulose; glucose
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
USING COMPUTER-BRAIN INTERFACE FOR REHABILITATION PURPOSES FOR AMPUTATED
AND PATIENTS WITH PARALYZED BODY PARTS
Chee Yee Heng1, Haffiz Rafi bin Mohammad Kamarul Shah1, Abhar bin Khalid1,
Muhammad Iman Afiq bin Shahrul Nizam1, Muhammad Nazmyzal bin Muhammad1,
Fairuz Adlidna binti Badrol Hissam1*,
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The creation of robotic prosthetic limbs for amputees and functional electrical
stimulation (FES) technique using Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
machines to manually revive the failed muscles which were difficult due to the
damage done and depends heavily on manual operations. The objective of this
research is to study the possibility of using brain waves to directly control prosthetic
limbs and TENS machines (muscle stimulations) for rehabilitation to overcome the
shortcomings of current artificial limbs and FES technology. To prove the possibility of
this proposed idea, actual brain waves are collected from a healthy person while
attempting certain movements. Using fractal analysis technique, the data is analysed
to identify the pattern of brain signals emitted when attempting a specific movement.
Hence, the idea of identifying the movement attempted by amputees or paralyzed
patients as long as the brain is healthy and functional is possible. Thus, their brain
signals can be processed by prosthetic limbs or TENS machines to produce
movements. Using open and closed palm as a sample movement, we had a
successful attempt converting EEG signals into “open” and “close” palm movements,
showing its potential to be more versatile for other limbs in the future. This attempt
marks the potential of using EEG signals to produce artificial limb movements and
should be researched on more in the future.
Keywords: computer-brain Interface; electroencephalogram; rehabilitation
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
CONNECTED SMART DUSTBIN (CSD): A PROTOTYPE OF AUTOMATIC WASTE SORTING
AND MANAGING USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Julia Astutik1, Sumayyah Syandana1, Shafira Nuraini1, Hawin Mufidah1
1Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur
No.1 Lorong Tun Ismail 50480 Kuala Lumpur
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Climate change is one of the biggest ongoing problems for the Earth. Waste is a
contributor to greenhouse gases that have an impact on climate change and
environmental issues. Organic and inorganic waste is often found mixed and
scattered. It also has the potential to cause damage to the environment. This project
aims to create a smart dustbin designed with an automatic waste sorting sensor,
connected with other similar smart dustbins, and ends at a waste collection point for
further management. So, the waste is better managed and reduces negative impacts
on the environment. The method of making this prototype is to encode the waste
sample data from various sides and enter it into mblock. The data will then be
channelled to artificial intelligence and carry out waste separation which is divided
into three categories such as organic, plastic, and others. The result of this prototype
is that it sorts waste automatically and it’s designed to be placed in every apartment
unit.
Keywords: climate change; artificial intelligence; waste; smart dustbin; methane
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
A REVIEW ON THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Al-Nur Hazeem bin Ahmad Fikri1, Muhammad Badri Syahmi bin Mohd Suhaimi1, Nur
Husna Aisyah binti Mohammad Hayazi1, Siti Muis binti Munif1, Nur Iman Amani binti
Badaruddin1, Wan Rezawana binti Wan Daud1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
As the population of earth is increasing, the need for more food sources has become
urgent. To fulfil this growing demand, agricultural land needs to achieve maximum
production efficiency and top-quality crops. One of the main factors that contribute
to quality crop yield is the quality of nutrition in the soil. This means, soil nutrition affects
crop production greatly. However, soil quality in permanent agricultural land is often
very poor and does not have sufficient nutrients. In order to combat this, fertilizers are
utilized to increase the amount of nutrients received by the crops thus increasing the
yield quality. But recent studies have shown that excessive and irresponsible use of
fertilizers poses a threat to environmental health. Improper use of fertilizers is said to
cause eutrophication, underground water contaminations, and the acidification of
soil. We aim to seek environmental and health hazards caused by excessive and
improper use of fertilizers and recommendations in preventing these problems. Such
recommendation is replacing inorganic chemicals with organic chemicals found in
coffee grounds, eggshells, and charcoal. With this, the usage of chemical fertilizer can
be reduced while seeking other alternatives at the same time.
Keywords: fertilizers; chemical fertilizers; soil content; environment
Page 23
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
GREEN CLEAN: ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CITRUS × AURANTIIFOLIA sp.,
CITRUS LIMON sp. AND CITRUS × PARADISI sp.
Fathul Amar Nor Azhar¹, Imran Adham Azmin¹, Muhammad Akmal Hadi Md Shukri¹,
Satish Kumar Ravichander¹, Uwais Alqarne Zainudin¹, Faizatul Akmal Rahim¹*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Fungal decays in buildings have been a threat across the world. The demand for
mould repellent has risen steadily over time. The objective of this research is to study
the antifungal activity of C. × aurantiifolia sp. (Key Lime) juice, C. limon sp. (Lemon)
juice and C. × paradisi sp. (Grapefruit) juice on the growth of moulds on daily food
essentials. The materials chosen were cost-efficient, home-available items that are
non-carcinogenic. The white bread was used as the base for the moulds to grow. C.
× aurantiifolia sp., C. limon sp. and C. × paradisi sp. were used as manipulated
variables in this research to measure which solution shows the highest efficiency in
terms of mould resistance. The slices of bread were moistened, and the extract juices
were dropped onto the slices of bread. Any changes on the slices of bread were
observed in ten days. The surface area covered by the moulds was measured using
the quadrat sampling method. The results were tested with hypothesis testing using
the one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with replication method. The juice extracts
showed the capacity to slow down mould growth. Mould growth rate were
calculated by comparing them to the control group's average growth rate. The
effectiveness in slowing down the growth of mould were the juice extracts of C. ×
paradisi sp., C. × aurantiifolia sp. and C. limon sp., ordered increasingly. As a practical
application, mould-resistant paints and mould-killing mist might be manufactured with
our extract. It could be one of the applications as a result of our research.
Keywords: mould; Citrus Fruits; cleaning agent
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
ANALYSIS OF VARYING PVA BLENDS WITH STARCH TO INCREASE WATER RESISTANCE
AND DECREASE WATER PERMEABILITY AS AN ALTERNATIVE POLYMER FOR
BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS
Asyraaf Aqasha bin Mohd Fadzir1, Muhammad Danish Danial bin Mohd Faisal1,
Mohammad Syakir bin Mohd Hisyam1, Muhammad Firdhausy bin Meeraj1, Alina
Zakeryanova2*, Kamarul Zaman Hamzah1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Nazarbayev Intellectual School of Nur-Sultan, 19, Husein Ben Talal Street
010000, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The growing number of plastic wastes in the landfill has increased exponentially over
the years. Chemical pollutants and physical debris threaten our environment.
Biodegradable plastics are a viable solution for tackling this problem. However, there
is a need for costly equipment for both processing and recycling this type of plastic.
One of the most suitable materials is Poly (vinyl alcohol). It is easily soluble in water,
can be decomposed by microbes, and will not release toxic chemicals. Despite that,
due to the weak mechanical properties of PVA and the abundance of hydroxyl
groups in PVA, causing it to be dissolved in water easily, which is unsuitable for
industrial and commercial uses. Thus, Polyvinyl Alcohol must be mixed with other
substances such as starch, starch-fibre, cellulose, or glycerol. There is ample research
conducted to find the optimum mixtures for the PVA. The chemical introduced can
increase the mechanical properties, water resistance, and water absorption of PVA
blends. However, the results are too varied and have not yet been compiled by
anyone since today. This research compares the previous studies results using
Thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and graphs the results.
Additionally, inserting experimental results (tensile strength, solubility of films, and
thermal resistance) to show more comprehensive, detailed, and informative findings
to which PVA blends produced better plastics. PVA mixture that satisfies the criteria
(highest water resistance and water absorption) is the most suitable material for
biodegradable plastic.
Keyword: Biodegradable. Polyvinyl Alcohol, water resistance, water absorption
Page 25
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
OPTIMIZATION OF BLADE PROFILE FOR SAVONIUS WINDMILL
Kaneko Kota1, Ishizuka Haruki1, Endo Yoshiki1, Sano Taiki1, Yatogo Shiyu1, Keiichi
Oshima1*
１Niigata prefectural Shibata high school
3 Chome-7-6 Yutakacho, Shibata,
Niigata 957-0016, Japan
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study examined how to make more efficient Savonius Windmill. In experiment 1,
three types of windmills with three, four and five blades were experimented. As a
result, type of three blades (type 3) generated the most electricity. It was thought that
the reason was that type 3 might be able to take in more wind. Conversely, type of
five blades (type 5) generated the least electricity. This experiment showed type 3
was the most efficient windmill of the three. In experiment 2, different shape blade,
triangular blades, were used. Blades with two angles (θ=60°,90°) were prepared.
However, both of them couldn’t keep spinning. It was thought that the reason was
that a blade just before the blade which received the wind was obstructing it. The
result obtained showed the circular blade is the best. Afterwards, power generation
efficiency was calculated. The result of experiment1 was used. The biggest number
was that of type 3, about 5.6%, when the position of wall was 6.0 cm away. But general
values of Savonius windmill whose type is two blades should be up to 10%. It is
concluded that the deviation of centre of gravity affected the yield. Therefore, it is
necessary to improve the deviation of the centre of gravity.
Keywords: Savonius windmill; savonius blade; blade configuration
Page 26
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
SECURE AUTOMATIC DOORS SYSTEM AND ATTENDANCE LOGGER USING FACIAL
RECOGNITION
Dadi Rosadi1*; Parvez Joy1; Yusuf Fayyadl1; Sulthan Mansyur1
1Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur,
No.1 Lorong Tun Ismail 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The growing need for automation coupled with the ever-needing sense of security
has become more demanding in light of recent events especially as this pandemic is
coming to an end. As schools reopen, an influx of students and school personnel will
be passing through school doorways. If a doorway were to become congested, it
would impair traffic flow, subsequently meaning an increased risk of spreading Covid-
19. Furthermore, a person entering a room they should not have access to
unnecessarily increases the risk of contamination. The objective of this project is to
improve the time to take attendance while decreasing the risk of exposure through
indirect contact by making sure areas are accessible by automatic doors, and secure
rooms are only accessible to authorized personnel using face recognition technology.
To achieve this, we use mblock to receive data from a webcam, it then logs the
person’s name and time of entry, then initiates the appropriate reaction based on
whether the received data has a match in the database. If the system recognises a
face, it will prompt the door to automatically open and if it does not the door will
remain closed. The results of this project showed a decrease in congestion and a
smoother traffic flow, as well as a generally increased security level for teacher offices.
The secure automatic door system and attendance logger shows significant benefit
for the school by optimizing the school attendance system, increasing school security,
and reducing the risk of Covid-19 exposure.
Keywords: automation; security; mblock; facial recognition; attendance
Page 27
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
AMMONIA AS UNLIMITED SOURCE OF ZERO-EMISSION TRANSITION AND BIOFUEL: A
REVIEW PAPER
Balqis Ar Rifaeyyah Binti Nazrul-Ezuan1, Batrisyia Binti Mohamad1, Intan Safiah Binti
Zawawi1, Kreesha a/p Jiwa1, Nurul Aida Binti Jamil1, Aldiyar Ramazanov2, Sagidolda
Marlen2, Noorsyakina Binti Simin1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Nazarbayev Intellectual school of Physics and Mathematics, Husein Ben Talal 21,
Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
*Corresponding author: nursakinah [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Ammonia, which is mainly composed of one nitrogen atom bound to three hydrogen
atoms, provides approximately twice the energy density per volume of liquid
hydrogen, making it a viable green alternative fuel. The purpose of this review is to
study information on ammonia as a potential fuel, from past research. The main
component to be discussed will be how ammonia is considered as a potential
carbon-free alternative including its potential source, production methods, and
storage method. The first step of this review is to investigate the reasons and viability
of ammonia as a greener fuel. Next, our main idea of a potential source has been
surrounding the wastewater treatment plant. The wastewater releases ammonia as a
by-product of their manufacturing or chemical processes which is relevant to this
review. Thirdly, extraction of ammonia is done by membrane degassing, a highly
efficient chemical process where the membrane separates water, containing
dissolved gas, and transports it into the gaseous side. In order to store and transport
ammonia, we need to liquidize it. Pure ammonia can be liquefied relatively easily,
requiring just ten bar pressures at room temperature. After ammonia has been
extracted and stored, to use ammonia, pure ammonia or when combined with other
molecules must undergo the complex process of combustion to generate power and
release heat. Technologies which are using ammonia such as fuel cells are being
developed and are one of the components discussed in the review.
Keywords: ammonia; alternative fuel; carbon-free; fuel cells
Page 28
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR THE SIMPLE WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM (SIWMOS): A
PRELIMINARY STUDY
Nur Baneen Natasya1, Ahmad Zawaal Udeen1, Mohammad Afiq Dzuan1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The long-term meteorological data measurement has been conducted in Pusat
GENIUS@Pintar Negara (PGPN) from 2013 to 2016. The long-term data are essential
and beneficial for astronomical site monitoring studies in PGPN. Our research aims to
resume the long-term data measurement by developing an efficient and cost-
effective portable weather station for usage within PGPN. This low-cost and
straightforward weather station prototype will also allow students the opportunity to
handle and maintain the prototype on their own. The prototype, namely the Simple
Weather Monitoring System (SiWMoS), will measure wind speed, wind direction,
humidity, barometric pressure, and temperature parameters. The instrument utilises
the Humidity Sensor BME280 (for temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure
measurement) and anemometer. The BME280 sensor was chosen based on the
parameters needed from previous research: temperature, humidity, and barometric
pressure. The anemometer structural design was chosen based on the cheapest and
most functional design, making it easier to measure wind speed and direction
parameters. Data obtained by the sensors are transmitted via a wireless connection
to the central processing unit for storage and further analysing. This paper will focus
on describing and discussing in detail the structural design and sensors selection and
setup. The preliminary design discussed in this paper will be utilised as the foundation
for meteorological and astronomical education in Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM.
Keywords: barometric pressure; humidity; temperature; weather station; wind speed
Page 29
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
PRODUCTION OF BIOPLASTICS FROM PLANT FOOD WASTE
Saniya Umurzakova1*
1Nazarbayev Intellectual school of Physics and Mathematics in Kostanay,
AEO Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools,
11000, Kostanay, Kazakhstan
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to produce and evaluate bioplastics made of plant food
waste. Vegetable and fruit peels, which are low-cost raw materials and contain
carbohydrate starch, were chosen for this process for a zero-waste production. There
are several methods to produce bioplastic. The first method includes boiling the peel
of bananas, oranges and potatoes in a solution of hydrochloric acid (0.5 M, 500 ml),
adding a solution of sodium hydroxide (0.5 M, 500 ml) and glycerine (20 ml). The
second method consists of boiling the peel in water with apple cider vinegar (7-9%,
100 ml), neutralizing with sodium hydrogen carbonate (8.4 g), adding white clay
powder (30 g). Based on a comparative analysis of the interaction of various plastics
with nitric (HNO3) and sulfuric (H2SO4) acids, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and water, it
was concluded that the most acid-stable was banana plastic. By means of a
dynamometer, a spirit lamp, and a string respectively, it was known that banana
plastic has the lowest coefficient of friction, does not melt, and occupies the second
position in terms of firmness. Moreover, all types of plastics are degraded by the
amylase enzyme. After burying in the soil banana plastic degraded totally, while
orange and potato ones – partially. The resulting plastics are suitable for packaging,
as firmness and lightness are important, and the density (banana = 1.258 g/cm3,
orange = 1.437 g/cm3, potato = 0.982 g/cm3) is similar to polyethylene’s (0.916-0.935
g/cm3).
Keywords: bioplastic; food waste; production; comparative analysis
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International Future Scientists Conference 2021
TEXTURE-MODIFIED FOODS FOR DYSPHAGIA PATIENTS
Lim Zheng Xue¹, Hatta bin Hasri¹, Asphela Jicue anak Quat¹, Benjamin Khaw Tze
Ming¹, Wong Meng Seng¹, Nur Nadiah Lani¹*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Dysphagia is a disorder characterised by the difficulty in swallowing foods and liquids
which affects people of all ages but is mostly prevalent in the geriatric’s population.
Dysphagia patients are at a high risk of malnutrition and choking. A texture-modified
food is a term that refers to foods with soft textures or reduced particle size.
Thickened liquids aimed at the market segment of seniors with eating dysfunctions
also fall under the same term. The objective of our research is to manufacture
dysphagia-friendly food products by changing the vital parameters such as density,
viscosity and texture profiles while maintaining the nutritional value and taste of the
food product. This is achieved by producing soft and moist texture-modified foods
which eases the food consumption for dysphagia patients. In this research, the
foam-mat technique was used. A mixer was used to combine food puree, whey
protein as the foaming agent and Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the foam
stabiliser. The food texture and viscosity of the combined product were studied using
a texture analyser and viscometer respectively. The experiment was repeated by
varying the composition of foam agent and foam stabiliser until the perfect texture-
modified food for dysphagia patients was achieved, which has low viscosity, density,
hardness, gumminess, chewiness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness. Our findings
showed that adding 15% of the total puree of whey protein and 20ml of carbonated
water to the puree would produce an aerated puree most suited for the
consumption of dysphagia patients.
Keywords: dysphagia; texture-modified food; foam mat technique
Page 31
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
A REVIEW ON CURCULIN IN CURCULIGO LATIFOLIA AS A NATURAL ZERO-CALORIE
SWEETENER
Nur Hanani Izzah bt Muhammad Daud1*, Syasya Mardhiha bt Sukor1, Muhammad
Irfan bin Saipuddin1, Muhammad Hafiy bin Nazri1, Muhammad Shahril bin Abdul
Ayub1
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Curculin is a type of sweet taste-modifying protein and was first discovered in 1990
from the fruit Curculigo Latifolia, commonly known as Pokok Lemba. Different from
miraculin, Curculin exhibits a sweet taste by itself. The molecular weight of Curculin
was 27,800 and, hence, Curculin was 35,000 times sweeter than sucrose on a molar
basis and 500 times sweeter than sucrose on a weight basis. Nowadays, people tend
to eat sweets, junk food and fast food. This unhealthy diet style can lead to dangerous
diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Most artificial sweeteners are associated with
low sugar and calorie intake. However, they were reported to have side effects such
as causing bladder cancer, heart failure and brain tumours. Curculin appears as the
new healthier solution as it will not be too harmful to the human body. Curculin also
contains phenolic acid that have been associated with health benefits due to its
antioxidant properties. Several studies have shown that this natural antioxidant can
be used to treat and prevent different types of diseases including cancer,
hypertension and inflammation. Curculin was extracted with 0.5 M NaCl solution and
centrifuged. Ammonium sulphate was added to the supernatant to bring about 80%
saturation. A total of 5 mg of the purified Curculin was obtained from 30 g of pulp.
Four trained volunteers were asked to hold 5 ml of Curculin dissolved in a 50 mM
phosphate buffer of pH 6.0 in the mouth and compared its sweetness with that of
standard sucrose solutions. Water elicited a sweet taste after the subject held the
Curculin solution in the mouth for 3 min. Hence, Curculin have the ability to induce
sweetness
Keywords: protein; natural sweetener; zero calorie; sweetness-including ability
Page 32
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
PLANTAGO MAJOR AS ABSORBENT PAD ON ADHESIVE BANDAGE TO EXPEDITE WOUND
HEALING PROCESS: A CONCEPT PAPER
Amier Arief Mohd Jalani1, Fatin Najiah Fadzil1, Mardhiatul Insyirah Mohd Hamadi1,
Muhammad Atif Md Ridzwan1, Muhammad Rozaimie Rosli1, Afifah Mohamad Radzi1*,
Nargiz Akhmetova2
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Nazarbayev Intellectual School of Physics & Mathematics, 10000 Nur-Sultan,
Kazakhstan
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Adhesive bandages have been widely used for wound care to prevent bacterial
infection. They however have limited ability to speed up the wound healing process.
Plantago Major is a plant from the Plantaginaceae family used in the wound healing
process and its leaves were used as a remedy for wounds. The objective of this
research is to turn several chemical compounds obtained from this plant into an
adhesive bandage that is effective for minor injuries and immediate treatment. Some
research notes that plantain weed supports wound healing by reducing
inflammation, and relieving pain. In this study, the plant is washed, and different parts
of the leaves are separated mechanically. Extracts of P. Major leaves were prepared
via solvent extraction. The pads are then medicated with the extraction from P. Major
and covered with adhesive waterproof plastic film to replace the cotton based
absorbent pad. Previous studies have shown positive results in significantly enhancing
the acceleration of wound healing. It is therefore possible that this polyphenol in
ethanol extract of P. Major leaves is contributing to the anti-inflammatory effect which
corroborates the wound recuperating effects of P. Major as expected. Histological
analysis of healed wounds topped with Plantaginaceae family have proven to show
amazing results in closing the wound and reducing inflammatory cells. The results
proved that using P. Major is significantly more effective in wound enclosure
compared to normal adhesive bandages. Having no known side effects or
contraindications, Plantago major-based bandage would be an effective healing
addition for wounds treatment.
Keywords: Plantago Major; Plantaginaceae; wound healing; adhesive bandage;
polyphenols
Page 33
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
REMOVAL OF DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING SALTED EGG COATING
Sophia Alessandra Lynn Walters1, Nurul Hidayah Harun1, Ili Syazana Johari2, Hani
Fakhinah Baharom2, Zurina Abdul Aziz1*
1Maktab Rendah Sains Mara Kuala Klawang, Jalan Titi, Kampung Chempedak,
71600 Kuala Klawang, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
2Malaysia Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Salted egg is a famous traditional product in oriental countries. Conventionally, salted
eggs can be prepared by coating the egg with salt-mixed soil paste, benzoic acid
and charcoal for 15 to 30 days. The salted egg coating, however, has no value and
was discarded prior to consumption. In this present work, we investigate the ability of
the salted egg coating to remove dyes which are methyl orange and scarlet red in
an aqueous solution using adsorption technique. The adsorption performance of the
salted egg coating was investigated by shaking 0.5 g and 0.1 g of the salted egg
coating in varying initial concentrations of the methyl orange (50 to 500 ppm) and
scarlet red (10 to 30 ppm) solutions, respectively. The salted egg coating was shaken
with the dye solutions at 25 ºC for 60 minutes. The concentration of both dyes, before
and after the adsorption were determined using an Ultraviolet-visible
spectrophotometer. The result shows that the adsorption capacity increased from 2.02
mg/g to 21.61 mg/g as the concentration of methyl orange increased from 50 ppm
to 500 ppm whereas the adsorption capacity of the salted egg towards scarlet red
was increased from 0.821 mg/g to 1.70 mg/g when the concentration of the dye
solutions increased from 10 ppm to 30 ppm. These results depict that salted egg
coating can be a potential adsorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous
environment and the adsorption performance can be improved with further
treatment or modification.
Keywords: salted egg; adsorption; methyl orange; scarlet red
Page 34
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
DIRECT AIR CAPTURE VEHICLE AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR STATIONARY
CARBON FIXING PHOTOBIOREACTOR: A CONCEPT PAPER
Dinie Damia Qairany binti Muhammad Fadzril Nur Ikhwan1, Muhammad Adib
Rusyaidi bin Mohd Azilan1*, Nur Alia Qistina binti Mohd Anuar1, Umar bin Amin1,
Yusha Irdina bt. Shareeman1, Nursakinah binti Mat Hazir1
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Anthropogenic actions are the main contributor to increased carbon dioxide (CO2)
concentration, causing climate change and global warming. Microalgae cultivated
photobioreactor helps to reduce the CO2 concentration quickly and effectively
compared to terrestrial plants. This research aims to study the effectiveness of moving
photobioreactor to reduce the greenhouse gas level within locations with high CO2
concentrations. The study will be conducted in two related stages. The first stage
involves separate cultivation of pure culture of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and Arthrospira
platensis (AP) in a cylindrical perspex reactor outdoors. Air will be bubbled through 1N
sodium hydroxide and the effluent air from CV will be fed to AP and the temperature
will be maintained at 30℃. The best bacteria to be used in the next stage of the
experiment will be determined by using biomass productivity, specific growth rate and
CO2 fixation rate. Various tools and methods such as a spectrophotometer, ANOVA
and the Arduino CO2 measuring tools, are used. The second stage of the study
involves adding a photobioreactor in a transparent van. Comparison is made by
placing the moving and stationary photobioreactors in a separate setup. Biomass
productivity, specific growth rate and CO2 fixation rate will be recorded and
compared with ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test with a 95% confidence
level. The Direct Air Capture Vehicle could have a significant impact in reducing the
greenhouse gas within locations with high CO2 concentration in a shorter time with a
bigger area covered compared to the stationary ones.
Keywords: carbon dioxide fixation; Chlorella vulgaris; Arthrospira platensis; direct air
capture; photobiorector
Page 35
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
SMART HOUSE UTILIZATION FOR SECURITY SYSTEM AND ENERGY SAVING
Kuntoro Adi Juwanda1*, Muhamad Hanif Nurrifky Wicaksono1, Radhitya Al Rasyid1,
Muhammad Yusuf Ismail1
1Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur
No.1 Lorong Tun Ismail 50480 Kuala Lumpur
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The rising cases of house break-ins have been increasing over the years and it has
become a concern to society. The purpose of this project is to find a solution to
prevent break-ins from happening, and one of them is to make a smart house. A smart
house functions more than a normal house as it has more functionality and security
that comes along with it, such as a “smart camera” and “smart light”. A smart light
function just like a normal light would but with the technology it has, it automatically
detects it surrounding which can automatically turn the light on when it's dark and off
when it's bright outside so that it can save energy. This project aims to prevent break-
ins from happening with modernized technology. The basis of this project is the coding
used in mblock. This project showed a smaller scale smart house that can be
implemented in real life, and we hope that the cases of house break-ins will be
reduced and that it would modernize the world.
Keyword: break-ins; smart house; security; energy; mblock
Page 36
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
Environmental Science
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY FOR NOURISHING SOIL: COMPREHENDING THE PROCESS
AND MEASUREMENT OF SOIL
Yuvika Mahaganapathy1, Kailesh Saravanan1, Kavisha Nagarajan1, Mahaganapathy
Dass2*
1SJK(T) Taman Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2Malaysian Indian Graduate Society for Research, Innovation & Human Capital
Development, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Studying about soil is a vital process during the course of seeding, yielding and
harvesting. While this can be done through several processes, it is important to adhere
prominent standard of measuring the soil. This research paper is an extract of
experiment from young scientists who executed a process of assessing apparently
through Electrical Conductivity (EC) in soil which entails to set a new standard. While
there are several conventional methods to test soil, there are few laboratory methods
to measure them. Through this research paper, one particular method has been
highlighted and discussed. These are presented along with the means and modes of
measurement process. Procedures to measure and mathematical calculations are
sourced for this experiment.
Keywords: electrical conductivity; soil; soil testing; salt; nutrients
Page 37
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
TERMINALIA CATAPPA AS A SUBSTITUTION FOR ANTI-CHLORINE IN AQUATIC TANK
Abdul Rahim Nor Ghani1, Muhammad Harriz Irwan1, Syaza Nur Dhia Khairul Anuar1,
Maisarah Muhamed Rostam1, Syafiq Sadruddin Jaafar1, Siti Nur Ain Sulaiman1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Anti-chlorine is widely used by aquarists to provide the best water quality for the
habitat. It is necessary to kill off any harmful bacteria or other pathogens which get
into the water. The effectiveness of anti-chlorine varies with different brands.
Terminalia Catappa has been proved as an alternative method to substitute anti-
chlorine in an aquatic tank. It provides similar anti-bacterial properties as anti-chlorine
without being harmful to the fish with many benefits. It releases yellowish-brown tannis
from the leaves which can reduce the stress level in fish. The objective is to find a
better alternative of anti-chlorine for fish tanks by using Terminalia Catappa extract.
In this research, Terminalia Catappa leaves (TCL) were extracted by boiling method
and the extract is kept together with the leaves in a bottle. Then, the TCL extract and
anti-chlorine solution were tested using chlorine strip test. The result shows that both
solutions react to reduce the chlorine. Further experiment was conducted with both
solutions to observe on how they react with betta fish that live in habitat with pH 6.5-
8.0 of water. The observation after 1 month shows fish that live inside TCL extract groom
better than fish that live in anti-chlorine based on their colour development. TCL
contains flavonoids, several tannins, saponins, and phytosterols that give benefits to
the ecosystem. The result also shows the TCL is better than anti-chlorine as it will
prevent the fish from being stressed and make them feel as if in their own natural
habitat. It also helps the fish to recover from any type of injuries. In conclusion, TCL
extract also can work as anti-chlorine and have more benefits.
Keywords: anti-chlorine; Terminalia Catappa, aquatic; dried leaves extract; low pH;
ornamental fish; ecosystem
Page 38
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
GENIUS ECOBISEN - RECOVERING WASTE AS THE MAIN SOURCE FOR COOKING AND
LANDSCAPING USING MACHINED-TECHNOLOGY
Nor Adlyizan Theis1*, Syabil Fikri Syamsul Maizam1, Yusri Hakim Razali1, Aleya Sofea
Azman1, Wan Nursyahmina Mumtazah Mohd Zaidy1
1Kolej GENIUS Insan,
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai,
71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Technology evolves around the globe as time passes by. However, technology is not
the only thing on the rise as environmental problems also keep appearing. A recurring
problem we face is the improper way of food waste management where landfills are
overflowing with an excessive amount of food and this issue contributes to
greenhouse gases. Therefore, we intend to introduce our innovation to the culinary
world so that Malaysia can keep on track with the industrial revolution 4.0 and society
5.0 goals while being fit as the answer to the issues. Our innovation is a self-initiated
food waste management, where we combine natural phenomena and sensor
technology. We apply a renewable energy cycle concept to our innovation where
the food waste decomposes into methane and water with the help of cow dung. The
methane is used as cooking gas and the water is used as a fertilizer. Additionally, we
designed an IoT-based system where we provide sensors connected to our
Sensalvatore app to help users conduct our innovation. With this innovation, we
expect a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions by unmanaged food waste, a
substitution of petroleum and a decline in household expenses. We believe that we
have taken a step up in the culinary world as our initiatives benefit schools, restaurants,
and communities. We only have one shot to end the climate action. Hence, we bring
you our innovation, GENIUS EcoBisen.
Keywords: GENIUS EcoBisen; culinary world; sensors; society 5.0; climate action
Page 39
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
THE POTENTIAL OF EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM (EM) AND CHARCOAL IN MUDBALL TO
IMPROVE WATER QUALITY AT TAMAN TASIK SHAH ALAM
Aqil Mirza Bin Mohd Khalid1, Muhammad Aiman bin Noor Rahilme1, Ahmad
Luqmanul Hakiem bin Rusli1, Nur Aini Nazirah binti Ismadi1, Nurin Azalea Skymmar1,
Mohd Saifun Aznin bin Mohd Sharif 1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In order to maximise the satisfaction of various sectors, water quality has received a
lot of attention in the allocation process. However, pollutant impurities that impede
adequate supply of water have a negative influence on the quality and are toxic to
living species, particularly aquatic life. Various chemical and biological solutions were
available to reduce pollution levels, but the emergence of a remarkable technique
based on a multicultural of anaerobic and aerobic beneficial microbes is gaining
favour due to its ecologically friendly nature. This effective microorganism (EM)
method makes use of existing microorganisms that are ready to purify and revive
nature. The use of EM, utilising the efficient microorganism activated solution (EMAS)
formula, has been tested in numerous rivers in Malaysia, depending on the size,
location, physical and geographical circumstances, with the primary goal of
increasing and improving water quality. The restoration of habitats and ecosystems is
one of the many benefits of EM-based rehabilitation of polluted and degraded water
bodies. The current results of programmes using EM technology to solve water quality
problems, as well as nationwide campaigns in Malaysia are duly presented. The
relevance of an EM-based water restoration technique to ensure a long-term viability
of water resources as well as exploring the prospects for modelling. The effectiveness
of this technique for restoration of water quality in polluted geographical areas was
clearly proved by the results. Therefore, an important way for additional research and
long-term acceptance of EM technology is recommended, as it is considered the key
for a long-term improvement of the environment and provide real opportunities for
eco-innovation.
Keywords: Effective Microorganisms (EM); EM mudballs; effective microorganism
activated solution EMAS; water treatment
Page 40
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
REVIEW ON MICROALGAE CULTIVATION AND HARVESTING TO BENEFIT THE HIGHEST
ENERGY PRODUCTION
Idlan Zafran Mohd Zaidie1, Muhammad Aiman Najwan Alias1, Farah Nabihah Mohd
Shah1, Hasmadyana Atirah Badrul Hissham1, Nur Adriana Qistina Noor Azrin1, Siti
Aishah Hassan1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This paper serves to illustrate the possible concepts that are implementable and
practical in the future. We have included our review on the cultivation and harvesting
of microalgae to benefit the highest energy production. In this paper, we will review
the open pond and photobioreactor method in cultivating microalgae, followed by
the crossflow filtration and bio flocculation method for harvesting. Biofuels production
from microalgae have received wide attention lately and have high lipid productivity
that can be used as an alternative for biodiesel. Apart from that, microalgae occupy
smaller cultivation acreage than other land crops and have the power to survive
under harsh conditions. As a conjecture, this concept will be amazingly suitable to be
a new energy source because of the economic viability at some scale, which is then
profitable in economics and the environment.
Keywords: biofuel; economics; energy source; microalgae
Page 41
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
AIR POLLUTANT FILTER ON MOTORCYCLE EXHAUST BY USING ZEOLITE FLUID AS AN
ABSORBENT
Dadi Rosadi1*, Armenychintya Permata Nugroho1, Allya Natasha1, Nurhasna Hanifah
Ariyanti Putri1
1Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur,
No.1 Lorong Tun Ismail 50480 Kuala Lumpur
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The environment that we live in up until today has been critically affected by the
cause of air pollution and is constantly getting worse accompanied by the increase
in people's needs of transportation, especially motorcycles. Gas emissions released by
the motorcycle engine can affect the earth air circulation when in excess. Our aim is
to make a simple yet functional prototype that can absorb air pollutant maximally by
still using economical tools and materials. We used the Engineering Design Process
throughout our work, by firstly identifying the problem then doing numerous
researches and planning out the design and needs for the prototype. In this case, we
chose to combine water and zeolite as the absorbent that is essentially capable in
capturing carbon dioxide which is one of the most threatening gases. Cleaner air will
then be produced after zeolite fluid is sprayed towards the smoke from the
motorcycle exhaust. This is due to the ability of zeolite to absorb all impurity gases such
as water vapor, CO2 and H2S up to 25%. We can conclude that this simple prototype
can successfully take part in reducing air pollution.
Keywords: environment; gas emission; zeolite; carbon dioxide; absorbent
Page 42
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
Fundamental Science
HEALTH RISKS RELATED TO EXCESSIVE SCREEN TIME AMONGST
GIFTED STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA DURING LOCKDOWN
Abid Nukman Hazim Bin Nuruddin Kamal1, Azalea Natasha Binti Nordin1, Haris Dani
Bin Erwin Dani1, Muhammad Fitri Azim Bin Suhaimi1, Saifulbasri Bin Rusli1, Wan Mohd
Aimran Wan Mohd Kamil2*
1Kolej GENIUS@pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Department of Applied Physics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Screen time is a term used for activities done in front of a screen and very little to no
energy is used during the activity. Excessive screen time is harmful as it can lead to
various health risks to body mentally or physically. The purpose of this study is to
analyse the health risks related to excessive screen time amongst gifted students at
Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara (KGPN) during the COVID-19 lockdown. A questionnaire-
based survey was prepared and distributed through Google Forms. The survey consists
of 20 multiple choice questions regarding what devices were used, how devices were
used and its influence on body posture, sleeping habits and focus. The respondents
included 50 students from KGPN and 73 students from other schools. The survey results
for KGPN students were compared with results from students in other schools. The main
findings are KGPN students tend to spend 20 minutes more time on average in front
of a screen and they were able to do continuous work on average 38 minutes longer
than others. Besides, other students than KGPN, practice better good posture.
Moreover, KGPN students get 50 minutes less sleep on average and they tend to feel
tired to start the day compared to other students. KGPN display a greater health risk
associated with excessive screen time compared to other students because they
spend more time in front of a screen, they do not practice good posture, they get less
hours of sleep and they go to bed early less frequently in a week.
Keywords: excessive screen time; health risks; gifted students; Malaysia; lockdown
Page 43
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
THE ROLES OF PUNICALAGIN AS ANTIOXIDANT IN POMEGRANATE ON ALZHEIMER’S
DISEASE
Ahmad Wardani bin Muhamad Akrabin1, Mohamad Faris bin Mohd Fadzil1,
Muhammad Fadzil bin Abu Bakar1, Nur Arifah Harisa binti Mohd Halizi1, Nur Husna
binti Ariffin1, Noorlin binti Maaulot1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cases of dementia worldwide are
known to be around 50 million and are predicted to increase as much as 10 million
cases every year. 60-70% of the recorded cases are known to be Alzheimer’s disease
(AD) which is the most common form of dementia. Punicalagin is a polyphenol with
proven antioxidant activity against tumour cells. It is said to have potential inhibitory
activity against Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme which is a key enzyme in the
progress of AD. Through article reviews, we are able to gather information from past
research papers that concludes the roles of punicalagin as antioxidant towards
Alzheimer's Disease. In addition, we are also able to study Alzheimer's Disease
thoroughly including its causes and relation to achieve our hypothesis of punicalagin
ability to slow down Alzheimer's Disease. Punicalagin as an antioxidant inhibits the
production of Peroxynitrite. The presence of Peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a free radical,
inhibits the release and synthesis of neurotransmitters involved in short-term memory,
sleep, mood, social recognition, and alertness. It is also found that natural antioxidant
properties found in plants are better as they are able to protect cells from free radicals
while also neglecting the possibility of disease such as skin allergies, gastrointestinal
tract problems and in some cases, an increased risk of cancer caused by synthetic
antioxidants. In this review, we highlight the important roles of punicalagin as
antioxidant towards Alzheimer's disease.
Keywords: Dementia; punicalagin; antioxidants; Alzheimer’s disease; Peroxynitrite
Page 44
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
FORMULATION OF ECZEMA-FRIENDLY LOTION HAND SANITIZER WITH BUNGA JARUM-
JARUM (IXORA COCCINEA) EXTRACT: A CONCEPTUAL PAPER
Maizatul Nadhiyah binti Mohamad Nadzri1, Fatin Batrisyia binti Khairul Nizam1,
Ariesya binti Mohamed Al Namiri1, Ikhwan Mirza Hafiz bin Husni Hafiz1, Adam bin
Che Nazahatuhisamudin1, Crystal binti Iskandar1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
During the COVID-19 pandemic, hand hygiene has become highly encouraged
through the use of hand sanitizer anywhere in the absence of soap and clean water.
However, the drying nature of hand sanitizers may cause discomfort especially to
people with sensitive skin condition such as eczema. Eczema is a condition that
causes the skin to become itchy and inflamed. Therefore, the focus of this study is to
provide a summary on the development of hand sanitizers for sensitive skin and
propose the best formulation of eczema-friendly lotion hand sanitizer by incorporating
the Ixora Coccinea flower extract. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of the
Ixora Coccinea flower could serve the purpose of preventing and killing germs in hand
sanitizers with lesser alcohol content. After reviewing other related past studies, the
researchers will examine the formulation aspects as well as the effectiveness of the
hand sanitizer. The formulation requires the Ixora Coccinea flower to be extracted by
using the rotary evaporator before proceeding to the lotion-making procedure.
Multiple lotion formulations will be prepared and evaluated for their physiochemical
properties. They will also be compared to selected lotion sanitizers that are
commercially available. Then, the optimized formulated lotion sanitizer will be tested
for its effectiveness against bacteria and fungi by using agar diffusion method. In
conclusion, it is hoped that the findings of this study will increase awareness of eczema
and thus encourage wider options of gentle hand sanitizers for people with eczema.
Keywords: Covid-19; eczema; Ixora Coccinea
Page 45
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
REVIEW OF DEXAMETHASONE, REMDESIVIR AND FAMOTIDINE DRUG TREATMENTS
AVAILABLE FOR COVID-19
Anjushree Ratna Kumar1, Mohammad Mehrad Sadraee Aref1, Tan Vee Lynn1,
Aruldass-Henry1, Priya Elizabeth1*
1MAZ International School Shah Alam, Lot 2, Jalan Kristal 7/64, Section 7,
40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study reviews three different drug treatments that are available for the treatment
of COVID-19 as of September 2021. These drugs are dexamethasone, remdesivir and
famotidine, each of which were developed to treat several contrasting conditions.
This study compares the notable, favourable, and negative effects that were
observed in several RCTs. Here were the most notable facts and effects of the above-
mentioned drugs: Dexamethasone, a widely available corticosteroid that has shown
to reduce mortality rate by 33% on patients (requiring respiratory support) and 20% in
patients on oxygen supplementation, however not providing any effect on patients
suffering from mild COVID-19 ; Remdesivir, which is a broad spectrum antiviral
medication, that has received an EUA, has shown great promise by reducing the
median time for recovery as well as mortality rate, although it causes severe fever and
chills among patients ; Famotidine, which is a histamine antagonist medication that is
used to treat several rare conditions, has shown to reduce the likeliness of mortality,
and seems suitable for low economically developed countries (due to low cost), yet
it leads to negative effects on mental state. As a whole, this study aims to determine
whether each of these drugs are suitable to be published as a long-term treatment of
COVID-19 among the general public.
Keywords: dexamethasone; remdesivir; famotidine
Page 46
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
EFFECTIVENESS OF APTAMER-BASED BIOSENSORS FOR THE DETECTION OF SYNTHETIC
CHEMICAL IN FOOD SAMPLE
Elly Natasha Binti Anuar1, Noorazan Shazmeera Binti Suhymee1, Muhammad Khairil
Akram Bin Khairil Annuar1, Haikal Nur Hakimi Bin Maryono1, Norfiza Apfandi1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The problem of unhealthy food consumption derived from synthetic chemicals is a
major concern of the state of foods in Malaysia. The analysis for food used in Malaysia
is currently based on the polymerase chain reaction and the anti-antibody reaction.
This method has various shortcomings such as expensive, difficult, slow, poor stability
and short life. Aptamers are a special class of substances that combine the typical
advantages of low molecular weight substances and proteins. Aptamers show a
similar affinity and specificity to monoclonal antibodies. The use of aptamers
compared to antibodies offers many advantages, especially for the food industry.
Since aptamers can be isolated to bind to almost any molecule, they can be easily
modified at any position and have predictable secondary structures, promising for the
development of biosensors. Due to the economical and consumer-friendly process,
an aptamer based on in situ detection is proposed as an alternative with the method
of the gold nanoparticle aptamers. This innovation could increase the efficiency of
the test by replacing the antibody with aptamers and produces an inexpensive
instant detection method for synthetic chemicals with high sensitivity but has the same
function as antibodies as biosensors. This paper will focus on the aptamer-based
biosensor study for the detection of harmful substances in food for the benefit of the
consumers.
Keywords: unhealthy food consumption; synthetic chemicals in food; detection of
harmful substances; aptamer-based biosensor
Page 47
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
EFFICACY OF CUCUMIS SATIVUS IN ELIMINATING TAPINOMA SESSILE
Amiera Adlyna Bt. Amryzal1, Eryn Natessa Bt. Effendy1, Hanis Sabrina Bt. Mohd
Bashir1, Wan Muhammad Adli B. Wan Muhd Sukri1, Ahmad Aliff B. Yusmar1, Nurulnisa
Binti Nor Azman1*
1Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Household ants are a group of common nuisance insect pests in Malaysian homes.
Tapinoma sessile is one of the most dominant common household ants that has been
reported to be a potential mechanical vector of human diseases. Kitchen pantries
and cupboards are common targets for these pests, and they prefer to build their
indoor nests near locations that are warm and close by to moisture. It has been
reported that Tapinoma sessile species do not like the scent of cucumber peel
(Cucumis sativus L..) because it contains a compound called trans-2-nonenal. The
main objectives of this research are to determine the effectiveness of Cucumi sativus
L.. as a repellent against T. sessile and to formulate an eco-friendly natural insecticide
that is safe to humans and the environment. The extracts of Cucumis sativus L.. were
prepared by grinding the selected part of the plant in distilled water. In this case, the
peel of the Cucumis sativus was collected and filtered using a tea strainer. The
supernatants were sprayed on house ant colonies as pests to check their insecticidal
activity. The expected results for this research are that extracts of Cucumis sativus L..
show the positive repellent effects towards Tapinoma sessile, and successfully keep
out ants (Tapinoma sessile) and other potential house pests from the area of effect.
The cucumber extract is also expected to be made into an insecticide and marketed
to the public as an environment-friendly alternative from other insecticides sold on the
market.
Keywords: Cucumis sativus L..; Tapinoma Sessile; insect repellent; pest
Page 48
International Future Scientists Conference 2021
DIFFERENT PRESERVATION EFFECT ON FOOD UNDER THE SAME OSMOTIC PRESSURE
Saito Rio¹, Sato Ayane1, Yamamoto Kanae¹, Yoneno Tae¹, Keiichi Oshima1*
¹Niigata Prefectural Shibata High School
3-7-6 Yutaka-cho, Shibata-shi, Niigata, 957-8555, Japan
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Food can be preserved for a longer time in sugar and salt solution. This is because the
dehydration brought by osmotic pressure between food and solution prevents mold
from reproduction. Our study examined preservation effects on food using materials
in solution (sodium chloride, sucrose, glucose, and lactic acid) other than sugar and
salt under the same osmotic pressure. In the experiment, osmotic pressure was set
equally, and four types of agar medium made of four types of solution (sodium
chloride, sucrose, glucose, and lactic acid solution) were used to examine whether
the growth of mold would vary. Our hypothesis was that mold would appear in the
same way in each agar since the osmotic pressure was set equally. However, the
result showed that even though the osmosis pressure was equal, there were
differences in the way mold grew. As a conclusion, preservation effect on food
depends on the materials in the solution.
Keywords: preservation effects; mold growth; osmotic pressure
Page 49
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