Book II Part of Speech

ENGLISH GRAMMAR

BOOK II

NAME _______________________ CLASS __________ NUMBER __________

MP M. 4 DON BOSCO VITTHAYA SCHOOL BY TENGTURBO

Contents 3
22
Part of Speech 32
Verbs 46
Linking Verbs 63
Present Tenses 74
Past Tenses
Future Tenses

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COURSE OUTLINES [MP. 4]

1. STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES
PART OF SPEECH
VERBS
12 TENSES (ACTIVE VOICE)

2. NOUNS
QUANTITATIVE WORDS
COMPARISON (ADJECTIVE & ADVERB)
PASSIVE VOICES

3. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (IF CLAUSES)
4. RELATIVE CLAUSES (ADJECTIVE CLAUSE)
5. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
6. VERBALS

GERUNDS
INFINITIVES
PARTICIPLES

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หวั ใจไวยากรณ์

Noun ใช้เรียกชือ คน สตั ว์ สิงของ girl, Elizabeth, computer, Fifth Avenue, happiness
(นาม) สถานที คณุ สมบตั ิ We didn't want to go to school.

Pronoun ใช้แทนนามทกี ล่าวมาแลว้ I, you, us, them, this, those, themselves,
(สรรพนาม) somebody, anyone, who, which

Verb ใช้แสดงการกระทาํ หรืออาการ He is playing tennis with Jane.
(กริยา
ใข้ขยาย N. หรือ Pronoun. jump, kiss, understand, becomes, is, seemed
Adjective The phone has rung ten times today.
(คุณศัพท)์ ใช้ขยาย V. Adj. adv.
หรือทังประโยค red, small, glorious, interesting, unexpected
Adverb ใช้แสดงความสัมพันธร์ ะหวา่ ง n. His handwriting is very clear.
กริยาวิเศษณ)์ หรือ pron. กบั คาํ อืนๆ ในประโยค
ใช้เชือคาํ วลี หรือประโยคเข้า slowly, happily, always, between, with, beside
Preposition ด้วยกนั The film was extremely good.
(บพุ บท) ใช้แสดงอารมณห์ รือความรู้สึก
in, on, around, above, between, with , beside
Conjunction The students are in the library.
(สันธาน)
and, but, or, neither…… nor, however, moreover
Interjection Either my brother or my sister will be in Europe.
(อุทาน)
Aha! Bravo! Gosh! Wow! Yuck! Oops! Ouch!
Oh ! What a surprise!

SENTENCE STRUCTURE Robert gave Susan a ring.
Declarative (บอกเลา่ ) The door is open.
Interrogative (คาํ ถาม)
Imperative (คาํ สัง) How fast does she type?
Exclamatory (อุทาน) Who did you talk to?

Turn right on Oak Street.
Don't touch that wine.

What a nuisance!
How did I make that mistake!

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PARTS OF A SENTENCE The school holidays are very short.
subject (ภาคประธาน) Anne and Peter got married yesterday.

Predicate (ภาคแสดง) Sam shouted at the robber and chased him
We found the purse and returned it to the
owner

SENTENCE PATTERNS

S. + Intransitive V.

Tony runs

S. + Linking V. + N. Complement

Tony is/ becomes a doctor.

S. + Linking V. + Adj. Complement
intelligent
Tony is/ seems

S. + Transitive V. + Direct O.
Tony helps sick people

S. + Transitive V. + Indirect O. + Direct O.
Tony
gives sick people medicine.

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Part of speech ประเภทของคาํ

concept Part of speech คอื ประเภทหรอื ชนดิ ของคําตา่ ง ๆ ทเี ราใชใ้ นการพูดหรอื เขยี น
ในภาษาองั กฤษ มกี ารแบง่ ประเภทของคําออกเป็ นทงั สนิ 8 ประเภท ไดแ้ ก่
Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction and
Interjection ดงั นนั คําในภาษาองั กฤษแตล่ ะคําทเี ราพบเจอจะตอ้ งเป็ น 1 ใน 8
ประเภทนเี สมอ

1) NOUN คอื คําทใี ชเ้ รยี กคน สตั ว ์ สงิ ของ สถานทแี ละคุณสมบตั ิ รวมถงึ ชอื ของสงิ ต่าง ๆ
(คาํ นาน) เหลา่ นนั ดว้ ย
คน - man, father, lady, John, Peter, Susan
2) Pronoun สตั ว์ - cat, fish, bird, dolphin, buffalo, mosquito
(คําสรรพนาม) สงิ ของ - car, pen, book, table, clock, computer
สถานที - city, house, school, airport , hospital
คณุ สมบตั ิ - love, honesty, wisdom, happiness

คอื คําทใี ชแ้ ทนคาํ นาม เพอื หลกี เลยี งการกลา่ วซาํ บางครงั อาจใชแ้ ทนคาํ นามที
ยงั ไม่
รวู้ า่ สงิ นนั คอื อะไร หรอื ใชแ้ ทนสงิ ทรี หู้ รอื เห็นอยแู่ ลว้
แทนคาํ นาม - I, we, you, they, he, she , it
แทนสงิ ทยี งั ไม่รวู้ า่ คอื อะไร - Something is missing.
แทนสงิ ทรี หู้ รอื เห็นอยู่แลว้ - That is not my fault.

3)Verb คอื คําทบี อกการกระทาํ หรอื อาการ ความเป็ นอยูห่ รอื สภาวะตา่ ง ๆ
(คํากรยิ า) บอกการกระทาํ - laugh, eat , run , read, watch
บอกความเป็ นอยู่ - be, have , exist
4) Adjective บอกสภาวะ - seem , taste , become
(คาํ คุณศพั ท)์
คอื คาํ ทใี ชข้ ยายหรอื อธบิ ายคาํ นามหรอื คําสรรพนาม เพอื ใหไ้ ดร้ ายละเอยี ด
เพมิ ขนึ
เกยี วกบั ลกั ษณะตา่ ง ๆ เชน่ คณุ สมบตั ิ สภาพ สี อายุ หรอื สญั ชาตขิ องสงิ นนั ๆ
บอกคุณสมบตั ิ - James is smart.
บอกสภาพ - He bought a new book.
บอกสี - The pencil is green.
บอกอายุ - These children are young.
บอกสญั ชาติ - That is an ‘ girl.

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5)Adverb คอื คาํ ทใี ชข้ ยายหรอื อธบิ ายคํากรยิ า คําคุณศัพท์ หรอื คาํ กรยิ าวเิ ศษณ์ เพอื ให ้
(คํากรยิ าวเิ ศษณ)์ รายละเอยี ดเพมิ ขนึ เกยี วกบั ลักษณะอาการ เวลา หรอื สถานที
บอกลกั ษณะ - The little boy behaves badly.
บอกเวลา - I will do the work tomorrow.
บอกสถานที - I have looked everywhere for my pen.

6)Preposition คอื คาํ ทใี ชเ้ ชอื คาํ นามหรอื คาํ สรรพนามเขา้ กบั คําอนื ๆ ในประโยค เพอื ชว่ ยแสดง
(คําบพุ บท) ความสัมพันธห์ รอื ทําใหค้ วามหมายของประโยคสมบรู ณข์ นึ
แสดงเวลา - They met at six o'clock.
แสดงสถานที - He hid behind the curtain.
แสดงทศิ ทาง - We jumped into the pond.
แสดงวธิ กี าร - She killed the time by watching TV.

7)Conjunction คอื คาํ ทใี ชเ้ ชอื มคํา กลุม่ คํา หรือประโยคเขา้ ดว้ ยกัน
(คาํ สันธาน) เชอื มคาํ - John got up and walked downstairs.
เชอื มกล่มุ คํา - They went across the street and into a shop.
เชอื มประโยค - He never worked hard but he got richer.

8) Interjection คอื คําทผี ูพ้ ดู เปลง่ ออกมา เพอื แสดงอารมณห์ รือความรูส้ กึ ของตนเอง เชน่ ดใี จ
(คําอทุ าน) เสยี ใจ ประหลาดใจ ตนื เตน้ โกรธหรือตกใจ คําอทุ านไมเ่ กยี วขอ้ งกบั คําอนื ๆ ใน
ประโยคเลย และใชเ้ ครอื งหมายอศั เจรยี ์ (!) ร่วมอยู่ดว้ ย แบง่ ออกเป็ น 2 ประเภท
ไดแ้ ก่ อทุ านเป็ นคํา และอทุ านเป็ นประโยค
อทุ านเป็ นคํา - Oh! Woow! Brovo ! Oops! Ouch!
อทุ านเป็ นประโยค - what an awful noise!

How cold the room is!

TIP การพจิ ารณาวา่ คําไหนเป็ นคําประเภทใด บอ่ ยครังทเี ราไมส่ ามารถระบตุ ายตัวได ้
เราตอ้ งสังเกตจากหนา้ ทขี องคาํ นันในประโยค เพราะคาํ ๆ เดยี วกนั อาจทําหนา้ ที
ตา่ งกันในแตล่ ะประโยคไดเ้ ชน่
This train goes fast. (ใชเ้ ป็ น adverb เพราะขยายกรยิ า goes)
It is a fast train. (ใชเ้ ป็ น adjective เพราะขยายคํานาม train)

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Exercise 1Decide which parts of speech are these words

1. ________ new 9. ________ child
handsome
2. ________ happily 10. _______ himself
at
3. ________ read 11. _______ slowly
walk
4. ________ they 12. _______ computer

5. ________ house 13. _______

6. ________ but 14. _______

7. ________ on 15. _______

8. ________ Wow!

Exercise 2 : Decide which parts of speech are the underline words.

1. I bought a beautiful dress at the mall _____________
2. What did she ask you to do? _____________
3. I left my shoes under the kitchen table. _____________
4. We have to finish our work quickly. _____________
5. On Saturdays I work from nine to five. _____________
6. I want to go to a university in Canada. _____________
7. I’m sure I have met your girlfriend before. _____________
8. James will be here on Monday or Tuesday. _____________
9. My friend said, “Oh! What a cold weather!” _____________
10. We went to the store to buy a few things. _____________

Exercise 3 Decide which parts of speech are the words in the sentences

1) The lazy man slept in the afternoon, and he was very tired at night.

1. _______ lazy 7. ________ he

2. _______ man 8. ________ was

3. _______ slept 9.________ very

4. _______ in 10. _______ tired

5. _______ afternoon 11. _______ at

6. _______ and 12. _______ night

2) A red car is dangerous for policemen, but it is incredibly beautiful.

1. _______ red 6. ________ policeman

2. _______ car 7. ________ but

3. _______ is 8. ________ it

4. _______ dangerous 9. ________ incredibly

5. _______ for 10. _______ beautiful

Exercise 4 : Decide which parts of speech are the underlined words.

1. John never puts sugar in his coffee.

a. verb b. noun

c. adjective d. adverb

2. The thief ran away from the security guard.

a. pronoun b. verb

c. adjective d. noun

3. She has been sick for three days.

a. verb b. adjective

c. noun d. preposition

4. My aunt lives here in this beautiful house.

a. noun b. verb

c. adverb d. adjective

5. Anna is getting married next year. b. adverb
a. noun d. adjective
c. pronoun

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6. The hungry soldier ate four slices of pizza.

a. noun b. verb

c. adjective b. adverb

7. Wine is more expensive than beer. b. noun
a. adverb d. preposition
c. adjective

8. The computer is having technical problems.

a. adverb b. pronoun

c. conjunction d. adjective

9. Peter saw her yesterday in the cafeteria.

a. preposition b. conjunction

c. adjective d. interjection

10. John is very sharp, but he is sometimes lazy.

a. adjective b. noun

c. preposition d. conjunction

11. Do you want to come to the playground with us?

a. noun b. adjective

c. pronoun d. adverb

12. She was quite happy to receive the prize.

a. noun b. verb

c. adverb d. adjective

13. Andrew can run faster than anyone in our school.

a. adverb b. adjective

c. noun d. pronoun

14. I bought this perfume in a foreign country.

a. noun b. adjective

c. pronoun d. adverb

15. Judy sent me a postcard from London. b. preposition
a. adjective d. conjunction
c. pronoun

16. Please come to my party to celebrate my birthday.

a. adverb b. noun

c. pronoun d. verb

17. My cousin has written an interesting story.

a. adjective b. verb

c. noun d. adverb

18. The children are playing outside in the garden.

a. noun b. pronoun

c. verb d. adverb

19. You must answer the question honestly.

a. adjective b. adverb

c. pronoun d. preposition

20. Although she loves him a lot, she doesn’t want to marry him.

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a. adjective b. pronoun
c. preposition d. conjunction

21. Our group has been rehearsing for the show.

a. verb b. adjective

c. noun d. adverb

22. Mark talked to them about the homework.

a. noun b. pronoun

c. adjective d. preposition

23. you will be beautiful when you grow up.

a. conjunction b. adjective

c. preposition d. pronoun

24. If you walk fast, you will catch the bus. b. adverb
a. adjective d. noun
c. verb

25. The woman whose brother works at the bar is my friend.

a. noun b. adjective

c. pronoun d. adverb

26. The letter was written in green ink. b. noun
a. adverb d. verb
c. adjective

27. The man was badly hurt in the accident.

a. noun b. verb

c. adverb d. adjective

28. She has to clean her messy room before she goes out.

a. preposition b. conjunction

c. adjective d. pronoun

29. This is the quickest way to the cinema.

a. verb d. noun

c. adjective d. adverb

30. David entered the room and he switched on the light.

a. conjunction b. preposition

c. adjective d. adverb

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Exercise 1
Read the sentences and decide what part of speech is missing. Then, complete the
sentences with the correct of the words in parentheses.

1. Their first album was a great _____________(Part of Speech)______________ and sold two
million copies worldwide. (success)

2. The food was so cold and ____________(Part of speech) ____________ that I decided to
complain to the manager about it.(taste)

3. It takes a lot of effort and ______________(Part of speech) _____________ to learn how to
play a musical instrument. (patient)

4. The witnesses were asked to give a detailed____________ (Part of speech)____________ of
the accident. (describe)

5. Aren’t you going to ____________(Part of speech)____________ me to your friend .?
I haven’t met her before.(introduction)

6. The longest-living person ___________(Part of speech) ______________recorded lived to be
122 years and 164 days old. (official)

7. In order to _________ (Part of Speech )___________ your shoulders, you have to do many
push-ups at the gym. (broad)

8. I suggest we go to Korea for a week, unless you can __________ (Part of speech) _________
another destination. (recommendation)

9. The country’s ___________(Part of speech)___________ situation has improved ever since
the development of the tourist industry. (economy)

10. Take my advice and see your bank manager if you’re having _________(Part of
speech)___________ problems . (finance)

11. I couldn’t carry the boxes by myself so I asked the shop_______(Part of speech)___________
to bring them to my car. (assist)

12. John works in the gym instructing people on how to use the equipment___________(Part of
Speech)_________ . (proper)

13. I have been thinking of taking a holiday. I _____________ (Part of Speech) ___________) I
deserve it because I’ve worked hard all year. (belief)

14. I had to complain to the telephone company about my ___________(Part of
speech)_____________ high phone bill, which I was not prepared to pay.(extreme)

15. “We must find out as much as we can about the gang,” said the ___________(Part of
speech)___________. (detect)

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Exercise 2
Read the sentences and choose the underlined part that is grammatically wrong.
The, correct the errors.

1. Despite his health (1) problems, Andrew (2) fulfilled his (3) ambitious to play in the (4) local
football team.

2. The musical (1) perform was so (2) powerful that the audience (3) gave the orchestra a
standing (4) ovation.

3. We had estimated the (1) valuable lf the house to be around 60,000 dollars, (2) but we
hadn’t (3) calculated the cost of the (4) renovation.

4. The woman (1) expressed her (2) dissatisfying to the builder for not (3) having the house (4)
ready on time.

5. Proper housing and sanitation, (1) adequate healthcare and 92) nutritious diet play an (3)
importantly part in a person’s life (4) expectancy.

6. During (1) their career as a teacher, he has (2) dealt with students from (3) different (4)
backgrounds.

7. To get the job you must have three years’ (1) experience in (2) telecommunications and the
(3) necessarily qualifications, one of (4) which is a university degree.

8. Wildlife organizations aim to (1) protection rare species of animals from becoming (2)
extinct by recuing them from (3) dangerous situations and (4) securing safer places for them
to live in.

Exercise 3 : Identify what part of speech each underlined word is

1. Increasingly, the design of buildings is being modified to allow easier access for disabled

people.

a. verb, verb c. verb, noun

b. noun, noun d. noun, verb

2. The lack of extra student accomm0dation restricted the expansion in student numbers

which the university was planning.

a. verb, noun c. verb, pronoun

b. noun, noun d. noun, pronoun

3. Although the world is getting warmer slowly, the increase in temperature varies from

country to country.

a. verb, verb c. verb, noun

b. noun, noun d. noun, verb

4. Students should not be passive but should try instead to contribute as much as possible to

group discussions.

a. noun, adjective c. noun, noun

b. verb, adjective d. verb, noun

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5. It is now possible to infer a link between using mobile phones and contracting some forms

of cancer.

a. verb, verb c. noun, verb

b. adjective, preposition d. verb, preposition

6. The fact that population growth is still accelerating is one of the most important problems

we face.

a. verb, verb c. noun, verb

b. noun, noun d. verb, noun

7. Most universities need to earn money from private sources, but the major part of their

funding still comes from the government.

a. noun, adjective c. adjective, noun

b. noun, pronoun d. adjective, pronoun

8. Expenditure on weapons such as guns, tanks and aeroplanes consumes a large portion of a

country’s wealth.

a. noun, verb c. adjective, verb

b. noun, noun d. adjective, noun

9. One difficult aspect of writing an essay is selecting material which is relevant to the topic

and excluding irrelevant information.

a. noun, noun c. adjective, noun

b. adjective, noun d. noun, adjective

10. Although the characters were very convincing, the plot was so weak that the film was a

failure.

a. preposition, noun c. conjunction, noun

b. preposition, verb d. conjunction, verb

11. Students usually dress casually at university, but this style of dress is not appropriate when

they start work.

a. adjective, adverb c. adjective, adjective

b. adverb, adverb d. adverb, adjective

12. An important social and political issue in many developed countries is the growing number

of old people.

a. noun, verb c. adjective, noun

b. adjective, adjective d. noun, noun

13. Before accepting an overseas student, a university will make sure that the student’s English

is adequate.

a. adjective, adjective c. noun, noun

b. adjective, noun d. noun, adjective

14. Some economists argue that new technology causes unemployment while others feel that

it allows more jobs to be created.

a. verb, conjunction c. verb, preposition

b. noun, conjunction d. noun, preposition

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15. Even though he was interested in many fields, Einstein is best known for his work in the

sphere of physics.

a. noun, verb c. noun, noun

b. pronoun, verb d. pronoun, noun

16. In newspapers, the layout of the columns is vertical, while the rows run across the page

horizontally.

a. verb, adjective c. preposition, adjective

b. preposition, adverb d. conjunction, adverb

17. Students should not try to write down everything they hear in a lecture, but just make a

summary of the most important points

a. noun, verb c. noun, noun

b. pronoun, verb d. pronoun, noun

18. Before we can judge a government’s success, we have to decide the criteria such as

unemployment, defence, or taxation.

a. verb, verb c. noun, verb

b. noun, noun d. verb, noun

19. The clothing of men and women used to be quite distinct, whereas today women often

were trousers as well as men.

a. noun, preposition c. verb, preposition

b. noun, conjunction d. verb, conjunction

20. Japanese and Korea companies have invested heavily in the UK, creating thousands of new

jobs.

a. noun, noun c. adjective, noun

b. noun, adjective d. adjective, adjective

21. Paying for large purchases by credit card instead of in cash has become the norm in many

parts of the world.

a. verb, verb c. noun, verb

b. noun, noun d. verb, noun

22. Although speech is mostly continuous sound, written language is divided into discrete units

which we call words.

a. adjective, preposition c. adverb, preposition

b. adjective, conjunction d. adverb, conjunction

23. Market researchers use data such as people’s spending patterns as well as information

about age and occupation to decide on the most effective marketing strategies.

a. noun, preposition c. noun, conjunction

b. pronoun, preposition d. pronoun conjunction

24. One of the roles of the Managing Director is to coordinate the work of different

departments to ensure that they work well together.

a. verb, adjective c. noun, conjunction

b. conjunction, adjective d. adjective, adverb

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25. James rejected the job with the accounting firm despite the big salary he was offered.

a. preposition, verb c. preposition, adjective

b. conjunction, verb d. conjunction, adjective

26. If you had studied more throughout the semester, you wouldn’t be so worried about the

exams now.

a. preposition, verb c. preposition, adjective

b. conjunction, verb d. conjunction, adjective

27. Although there is very little evidence, many scientists speculate that life may exist on other

planets.

a. adjective, verb c. noun, verb

b. adjective, noun d. noun, noun

28. After his skiing accident, Michael needed month of therapy before he could walk again.

a. preposition, noun c. preposition, adjective

b. conjunction, verb d. conjunction adjective

29. “I’ve got two tickets for the new modern art exhibit downtown, D you want to go with me?”

“Oh, I don’t know. I don’t know anything about modern art, and I’m no artist.

a. conjunction, noun c. conjunction pronoun

b. interjection, noun d. interjection, pronoun

30. “I work 40 hours a week, and I’m taking three classes?”

“Wow ! when do you have to study?”

“in the morning, usually, some days all I do is eat, study, work, and sleep”

a. conjunction, adjective c. conjunction, adverb

b. interjection, adjective d. interjection, adverb

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Parts of Speech - Exercise 1

Identify the correct part of speech for each listed item in each sentences below. Choose from among the
following options:
noun verb adjective adverb pronoun conjunction preposition qualifier determiner

1. A small snail climbed over the slippery log and inched slowly toward the nearby fields.

A _________________
small _________________
snail _________________
climbed _________________
over _________________
the _________________
slippery _________________
log _________________
and _________________
inched _________________
slowly _________________
toward _________________
the _________________
nearby _________________
fields _________________

2. I didn't go to the very formal dinner because you never returned from the cleaners with my favorite

tuxedo.

I _________________
didn't go _________________
to _________________
the _________________
very _________________
formal _________________
dinner _________________
because _________________
you _________________
never _________________
returned _________________
from _________________
the _________________
cleaners _________________
with _________________
my _________________
favorite _________________
tuxedo _________________

3. The senator made numerous lofty promises to this constituents when he spoke so glibly at the

expensive political fundraiser in Washington, D.C.

The _________________
senator _________________
made _________________
numerous _________________
lofty _________________
promises _________________
to _________________
his _________________
constituents _________________
when _________________
he _________________
spoke _________________
so ________________
glibly ________________
at ________________
the ________________
expensive ________________
political ________________
fundraiser ________________
in ________________
Washington, D.C. ________________

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Parts of Speech - Exercise 2

Identify the correct part of speech for each listed item in each sentences below. Choose from among
the following options:
noun verb adjective adverb pronoun conjunction preposition qualifier determiner

1.The weather was quite warm, so we walked lazily along the shady path near an old cemetery in the
countryside.

The ______________
Weather ______________
was ______________
quite ______________
warm ______________
so ______________
we ______________
walked ______________
lazily ______________
along ______________
the ______________
shady ______________
path ______________
near ______________
an ______________
old ______________
cemetry ______________
in ______________
the ______________
countryside ______________

2. While Josephine nonchalantly ate her huge sandwich, we numbly watched a sly cat as it climbed almost
imperceptibly onto the ledge by the sofa and rather greedily eyed a poor little mouse under the chair.

While ______________
Josephine ______________
was eating ______________
nonchalantly ______________
her ______________
huge ______________
Sandwich ______________
we ______________
numbly ______________
watched ______________
a ______________
sly ______________
cat ______________
as ______________
it ______________
climbed ______________
almost ______________
imperceptibly ______________
onto ______________
the ______________
ledge ______________
by ______________
the ______________
sofa ______________
and ______________
rather ______________
greedily ______________
eyed ______________
a ______________
poor ______________
little ______________
mouse ______________
under ______________
the ______________
chair ______________

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Parts of Speech - Exercise 3

Identify the correct part of speech for each listed item in each sentences below. Choose from among
the following options:
noun verb adjective adverb pronoun conjunction preposition qualifier determiner

1.The coffee from that small market neat the mall usually tastes pretty good, but lately it

has seemed somewhat acidic.

The ________________
coffee ________________

from ________________
that ________________

small ________________
market ________________
near ________________
the ________________

mall ________________
usually ________________
tastes ________________
pretty ________________
good ________________
but ________________
lately ________________

it ________________
has ________________
seemed ________________
somewhat ________________
acidic ________________

2. If anyone in a dark suit knocks at the door before I come back, answer it very cautiously,

and call the police immediately if you suspect any danger.

If ________________
anyone ________________
in ________________
a ________________
dark ________________
suit ________________
knocks ________________
at ________________
the ________________
door ________________
before ________________
I ________________
come ________________
back, ________________
answer ________________
it ________________
very ________________
cautiously, ________________
and ________________
call ________________
the ________________
police ________________
immediately ________________
if ________________
you ________________
suspect ________________
any ________________
danger ________________

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Parts of Speech - Exercise 4

Identify the correct part of speech for each listed item in each sentences below. Choose from among
the following options:
noun verb adjective adverb pronoun conjunction preposition qualifier determiner

1. Although the competition was quite stiff, my novel narrowly won first prize in a

prestigious national contest.

Although _________________
the _________________
competition _________________
was _________________
quite _________________
stiff _________________
my _________________
novel _________________
narrowly _________________
won _________________
first _________________
prize _________________
in _________________
a _________________
prestigious _________________
national _________________
contest _________________

2. What was the very last thing you did before your appointment with Harry?

What _________________
was _________________
the _________________
very _________________

last _________________
thing _________________
you _________________
did _________________

before _________________
your _________________
appointment _________________

with _________________
Harry _________________

3. The list of names grew longer and the available space dwindled as they entered the camp for

refugees.

The _________________

list _________________

of _________________
names _________________

grew _________________

longer _________________

and _________________

the _________________

available ________________

space ________________

dwindled ________________

as ________________
they ________________

entered ________________

the ________________

camp ________________

for ________________

refugees ________________

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Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates Exercise 1

Directions: In the text boxes provided below each item, identify the sentence's simple subject
and simple predicate

1. Four young soldiers led the troops into battle.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

2. In less than two hours, the entire cake had been eaten.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

3. For most of his career, Jim has ridden his bicycle to his office.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

4. Two beautiful goldfish in the pond were eating the insects on the top of the water.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

5. Until the last telephone call, I was having a wonderful day.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

6. Last week's fire was started by an arsonist from a nearby town.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

7. Her latest statement to the press was carefully worded.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

8. Novels by E.L. Doctorow are mu favorite.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

9. The farmers in that part of the county are planting their fields this week.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

10. Eat your food slowly.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

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Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates Exercise 2

Directions: In the text boxes provided below each item, identify the sentence's simple subject
and simple predicate.

1. The results of the test are inconclusive.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

2. There have been many incidents of vandalism in the past.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

3. Why did he take the new car back to the dealer?

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

4. My name was written on the document in three places.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

5. By the saucer of milk sat a very scrawny cat.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

6. She will be going to the dentist's office later this afternoon.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

7. Remarkably, the patient with the shattered skull survived the surgery.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

8. All citizens in the United States must complete a tax return each year.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

9. With prices so low, I should have bought a few more toothbrushes.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

10. Will Joe be taking his golf clubs on this trip?

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

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Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates Exercise 3

Directions: In the text boxes provided below each item, identify the sentence's simple subject
and simple predicate..

1. What were you doing at 11:00 p.m. last night?

Subject ____________________

Predicate ____________________

2. The agent at the bank must have been feeling suspicious about the action.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

3. The flower on a cactus is a thing of beauty.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

4. After an hour or two, you should find the pain bearable.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

5. The guitarist's fingers flew over the frets on the guitar neck.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

6. Every house on this block was destroyed by the tornado.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

7. My editor in New York will be working all week on the manuscript for my new book.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

8. By the fence sat an old box full of keys.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

9. Did Mr. Bond request a change in his reservation for dinner?

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

10. My friends from the old neighborhood came to my new house.

Subject ___________________

Predicate ___________________

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Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates Exercise 4

Directions: In the text boxes provided below each item, identify the sentence's simple subject
and simple predicate.

1. At ten minutes after midnight, the cat jumped from the porch railing.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

2. Have you tasted the new coffee from Brazil?

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

3. There was no bread in the freezer yesterday.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

4. The senator from Wisconsin was considering the bill on immigration.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

5. Where did the young man put my coat?

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

6. The documentary on the ravages of the hurricane showed a number of tragic events.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

7. At the top of the stairs stood a very tiny man with some tickets in his hand.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

8. What did Mark say to you about the lecture?

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

9. The exterior mirror on my car was broken by a vandal.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

10. After that scary experience with the hitchhiker, Harry must be feeling very lucky.

Subject __________________

Predicate __________________

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Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates Exercise 5

Directions: In the text boxes provided below each item, identify the sentence's simple subject

and simple predicate

1. Has Mary seen the new movie about cats?

Subject ________________

Predicate ________________

2. That joke has been sent to millions of people over the Internet.

Subject ________________

Predicate ________________

3. There was a small bee in the jar.

Subject ________________

Predicate ________________

4. Near the sink lay a large bottle of soap.

Subject ________________

Predicate ________________

5. When will Hilda buy a new car?

Subject ________________

Predicate ________________

6. Suddenly, the large flame from the candle lit the curtains in the bedroom.

Subject ________________

Predicate ________________

7. By now, Bill has read Gulliver's Travels three times.

Subject ________________

Predicate ________________

8. Why isn't anybody volunteering for the job?

Subject ________________

Predicate ________________

9. Each student in this class should write an essay about the court's decision.

Subject ________________

Predicate ________________

10. After such a cold winter, the townspeople in Newton are expecting a warm spring.

Subject ________________

Predicate ________________

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VERBS
Verbs have traditionally been defined as words that show action or state of being.

Verbs can also sometimes be recognized by their position in a sentence.

In the following two sentence frames, only a verb can be put into the empty slot.

NOUN __________ THERE ________ NOUN

(verb) (verb)

Often, prefixes and suffixes (affixes) will signify that a word is a verb. For example,
the suffixes -ify, -ize, -ate, or -en usually signify that a word is a verb, as in typify,
characterize, irrigate, and sweeten. Prefixes such as be-, de-, or en- may signify that a
word is a verb, as in bestow, dethrone, and encourage.
These affixes, often inconsistent from verb to verb, are called derivational affixes. Added to
a word, they either change the word's part of speech

Example:

/

or change the word's meaning
Example:

The base form of a verb is derived from the verb’s infinitive: to + verb

Four suffixes consistently added to a verb’s base create all forms of a verb used in all

tenses:

1. -s creates 3rd person singular / present tense (He talks.)

2. -ing creates the present participle / used with be (He is talking.)

3. -ed creates the simple past (He talked.)

4. -en creates the past participle / used with have (He has talked.)

Note: The -en verb ending used with a form of to have as an auxiliary is generally written -

ed, as in has talked.

Unlike the derivational affixes, these inflectional suffixes are consistently used with all
verbs, even though their form may look different from verb to verb.
Because many verbs in English are irregular; as result, their –ed and/or –en endings may
not follow any obvious pattern

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Examples: Smith writes short stories at home. (-s ending)
(to write) Smith is writing short stories at home. (-ing ending)
Smith wrote short stories at home. (-ed ending)
(to buy) Smith has written short stories at home. (-en ending)
(to go) *
Jones buys a newspaper each day. (-s ending)
Jones is buying a newspaper today. (-ing ending)
Jones bought a newspaper yesterday. (-ed ending)
Jones has bought newspapers every day. (-en ending)
*
Students go to the library often. (-s ending)
Students are going to the library often. (-ing ending)
Students went to the library often. (-ed ending)
Students have gone to the library often. (-en ending)

The majority of verbs are regular and consistently use -ed and -en to form their simple past
tense and past participles. (e.g. talked, has talked)

Many verbs are irregular, however, and follow no consistent pattern in creating their -

ed and/or -en forms. A list of the major irregular verbs is shown below.

A verb phrase is defined as the main verb together with all its auxiliaries (helping verbs).

Auxiliary verbs always precede the main verb.

There are two types of auxiliary verbs:

1. Inflected auxiliary verbs:

be have do

2. Modal auxiliaries (considered more fully under (auxiliary verbs)

present past no tense

will would must

shall should

can could

may might

Examples of verb phrases:

He has taken the test. (auxiliary has + main verb take.)

He is taking the test. (auxiliary is + main verb take)

He did take the test. (auxiliary do + main verb take)

He has been taking the (auxiliaries has been + main

test. verb take)

Verbs may be divided into three types:
A. Action verbs - show an action -- either physical or mental

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B. Verbs of being (forms of be - is, are, was, were, has/have/had been, will be) - show a
state of existence:

///

C. **Linking verbs - link a subject with its complement
(A subjective complement "completes" / "equals" the subject.)
Linking verbs: appear, taste, smell, feel, look, sound, grow, seem, remain, become

NOTE: Most linking verbs can also be used as action verbs.

Action verbs may be either transitive or intransitive.
A. A transitive verb is one that is followed by a direct object.

Example:

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B. An intransitive verb is one that is NOT followed by a direct object.
Example:

Caution: An intransitive verb may be followed by adjectives, adverbs, and/or prepositional
phrases. As long as the verb is not followed by a noun or pronoun functioning as the direct
object, the verb is intransitive.

Example:

NOTE: Some action verbs may be either transitive or intransitive.
Example: (left)

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Another example (read):

;
Verbs have three moods: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive.
A. The indicative mood states a fact, asks a question, or exclaims.

B. The imperative mood gives a command. The subject is always "you" understood.

C. The subjunctive mood occurs in two instances:
1. The sentence indicates a situation contrary to fact.

2. The sentence
shows a wish, desire, or demand
in a nominal clause beginning with that
following verbs such as desire, demand, request, suggest

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Distinguishing between Transitive and Intransitive Verbs - Exercise 1

Directions: In the spaces provided, identify the predicate verb in each sentence below. Then, label
the verb as transitive or intransitive. If the verb is transitive, write the direct object in the space
provided. If it is intransitive, leave the space blank.

Example: After the meeting, Tom will announce his plans for the next week.
Answer: will announce, transitive, plans

1. She telephoned her uncle last Saturday.
__________________________________
2. We easily located the path through the woods.
__________________________________
3. Marion has been sitting in the chair for a very long time.
__________________________________
4. With great hopes for a lucrative contract, the writer finally sent the manuscript to a publisher.
__________________________________
5. For such a small boy, Paul eats a great deal of candy.
__________________________________
6. What do you want from me?
___________________________________
7. James came by his fortune honestly.
___________________________________
8. She smiled at her younger sister across the hall.
___________________________________
9. Jack figured out the answer to the very difficult problem.
___________________________________
10. A number of experienced hikers will be trekking through the mountain pass shortly.
___________________________________

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Distinguishing between Transitive and Intransitive Verbs - Exercise 2

Directions: In the spaces provided, identify the predicate verb in each sentence below. Then, label
the verb as transitive or intransitive. If the verb is transitive, write the direct object in the space
provided. If it is intransitive, leave the space blank.

Example: After the meeting, Tom will announce his plans for the next week.
Answer: will announce, transitive, plans

1. What have you done to your hair?

_______________________________________

2. The students were walking through the new buildings on campus.
_______________________________________

3. Helen brought up the subject again this evening.

________________________________________
4. Until ten o'clock on Saturday, each shopper may purchase only one of the popular dolls.

_________________________________________
5. Are you coming to the costume party this weekend?

_________________________________________
6. The butter has been sitting on the counter for over three hours.

_________________________________________
7. Hubert wrestled with his conscience over the incident.

_________________________________________
8. Two men with masks over their faces held up the bank on 42nd Street today.

_________________________________________
9. The teenager had wrecked his new car within days of its purchase.

_________________________________________

10. Subscribers will be writing about that controversial article for months.
_________________________________________

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Distinguishing between Transitive and Intransitive Verbs - Exercise 3

Directions: In the spaces provided, identify the predicate verb in each sentence below. Then, label
the verb as transitive or intransitive. If the verb is transitive, write the direct object in the space
provided. If it is intransitive, leave the space blank.

Example: After the meeting, Tom will announce his plans for the next week.
Answer: will announce, transitive, plans

1. In spite of much indecision, Sarah finally put on her new dress.
________________________________________
2. Why were you saying those things to him?
________________________________________
3. Until recently, the plant stood in the east corner of the atrium.
________________________________________
4. The flamingos on the far side of the lake dipped their heads into the water.
________________________________________
5. After the debacle with the burned popcorn, the microwave no longer works.
________________________________________
6. Have you walked across the school's campus lately?
________________________________________
7. Tabitha brought her dog to the veterinarian for its annual shots.
________________________________________
8. After three hours of argument, they made up with a kiss.
________________________________________
9. The young man in the booth would not accept my ticket to the concert.
________________________________________
10. The box of paper clips spilled onto the floor from the table in the front of the room.
________________________________________

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Distinguishing between Transitive and Intransitive Verbs - Exercise 4

Directions: In the spaces provided, identify the predicate verb in each sentence below. Then, label
the verb as transitive or intransitive. If the verb is transitive, write the direct object in the space
provided. If it is intransitive, leave the space blank.

Example: After the meeting, Tom will announce his plans for the next week.
Answer: will announce, transitive, plans

1. Amelia Earhart once flew from Los Angeles to Mexico City.
_____________________________________________
2. Very few people in the neighborhood agreed with Smith about street lighting.
_____________________________________________
3. When did the group from the local museum finally reach the archeological site?
_____________________________________________
4. Marx collaborated with Engels on the Communist Manifesto.
_____________________________________________
5. After the first act of the play, most of the dancers wore purple leotards.
_____________________________________________
6. Why did the IOC choose Vancouver for the 2010 winter Olympics?
_____________________________________________
7. Most children can play happily at the beach for an entire afternoon.
_____________________________________________
8. Mary Wollstoncraft disagreed with the notion of women's inferiority.
_____________________________________________
9. In the final minute of the fourth quarter, Jim threw the winning pass into the end zone.
_____________________________________________
10. The Beatles came to the United States in the 1960s.
_____________________________________________

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Distinguishing between Transitive and Intransitive Verbs - Exercise 5

Directions: In the spaces provided, identify the predicate verb in each sentence below. Then, label
the verb as transitive or intransitive. If the verb is transitive, write the direct object in the space
provided. If it is intransitive, leave the space blank.

Example: After the meeting, Tom will announce his plans for the next week.
Answer: will announce, transitive, plans

1. No one has told us about the big news of the day.

______________________________________
2. The child cried for many hours over the lost doll.

______________________________________
3. Last night, Ivan dreamed about colorful clowns on unicycles.

______________________________________
4. By noon on Saturday, Helen will have ridden her bicycle over fifty miles.

______________________________________
5. What in the world did Geoff see in the distance?

______________________________________
6. Three monks from Tibet were solemnly pouring sand onto the mandala.

______________________________________
7. Peter glared at his friend Max for at least ten seconds.

______________________________________
8. The naughty child was finally cleaning up the toys ion the floor of his bedroom.

_______________________________________
9. Are you bringing a gift to the birthday party for Jane?

_______________________________________

10. The fingers of her left hand were lying across the page of the book.
_________________________________________

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เอกสารประกอบการเรยี น INTENSIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR DON BOSCO SCHOOL PAGE 33

Linking verb คอื อะไรกนั หนอ มอี ะไรบา้ งทีควรเรียนรูแ้ ละจดจาํ แล้วมนั ใช้ตา่ งกนั หรือเหมอื นกันกับ Verb to be คาํ ถาม

เหล่านีมีมาจากน้องๆทียงั ไม่เข้าใจหลกั การใช้ linking verb นึกวา่ มนั สามารถใช้แทน Verb to be ได้เลย แตจ่ ริงๆแล้วมนั เป็ น
อยา่ งไร มาดกู นั
Linking แปลวา่ เชือม
Verb แปลว่า กริยา
Linking Verb คือ กริยาเชือม ทาํ หน้าทีเชือมประธานกับคุณศัพท์ เพือบอกสภาวะ ไมใ่ ช่บอกการกระทาํ
linking verb มอี ะไรบา้ ง
Linking verb พนื ฐานเบืองต้นทีทุกคนควรจดจาํ ไว้ให้แม่น ไดแ้ ก่

be (is am are/ was/ were/ been) เป็ น คือ
appear ดูเหมือน / ปรากฎ
become เริม, กลาย
come เป็ น, กลายเป็ น/ มา
feel รู้สึก/ คลาํ
get เรมิ / ไดร้ ับ
go เกดิ / ไป
grow เรมิ / โต, ปลูก
look ดูเหมือน / มอง
remain ยงั คง/ อยู่
seem ดูเหมือน
smell ส่งกลิน / ดม
sound ดูเหมือน / ส่งเสียง
stay ยงั คง / พกั
taste มีรส/ ชิม
turn กลาย / หมนุ
[คาํ แปลตวั หนา้ หมายถึง ถา้ ทาํ หน้าทีเป็ น Linking verb - คาํ แปลตัวหลงั หมายถึง ถา้ ทาํ หน้าทีเป็ นกริยาหลกั หรือกริยาแท้]

หลกั การใช้ linking verb
Linking verb ก็คอื คาํ กริยาทที าํ หนา้ ทีเชือมประธานของประโยค กับ คาํ คณุ ศัพท์ เพือบ่งบอกสภาวะของประธานในประโยคนันๆ ซึงคาํ
ทีเรารู้จักกนั ดกี ค็ อื Verb to be
She is happy. หลอ่ นมคี วามสขุ
You are smart. คุณฉลาด
He is lazy. เขาขีเกียจ
Linking Verb หรือกริยาแท้
Linking Verb ตามตัวอย่างดา้ นบนนัน ส่วนใหญ่ทาํ หน้าทไี ด้ทัง กริยาแท้ และกริยาเชือม มสี าม 3 คาํ คอื be , become, seem
ทีเป็ นไดเ้ ฉพาะกริยาเชือมเพราะบอกไดแ้ ค่สภาวะ แต่ไมส่ ามารถบอกการกระทาํ ได้
ใหจ้ าํ หลักการงา่ ยๆว่า ถ้าทาํ หน้าทีเป็ นกริยาแทจ้ ะแสดงการกระทาํ ถ้าทาํ หน้าทีเป็ นกริยาเชือมจะแสดงสภาวะ

ตวั อยา่ งคํากริยาทีเป็ นได้ทังกริยาแท้และกริยาเชือม เช่น
I come home every Sunday. ฉันมาบ้านทกุ วันอาทติ ย์
เป็ นกริยาแท้ เพราะ come บอกการกระทาํ
My dreams come true. ฝันของฉันกลายเป็ นจริง
เป็ นกริยาเชือม เพราะ come บอกสภาวะ
I’m feeling the pillow. ฉันกาํ ลงั คลาํ หมอน
เป็ นกริยาแท้ เพราะ feel บอกการกระทาํ

22MP DON BOSCO SCHOOL BY TENGTURBO SDB

เอกสารประกอบการเรียน INTENSIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR DON BOSCO SCHOOL PAGE 34

I’m feeling cold. ฉันรู้สกึ หนาว
เป็ นกริยาเชือม เพราะ feel บอกสภาวะ
We grow flowers. พวกเราปลกู ตน้ ไม้
เป็ นกริยาแท้ เพราะ grow บอกการกระทาํ
The flowers grow old. ดอกไมเ้ ริมแก่
เป็ นกริยาเชือม เพราะ grow บอกสภาวะ
They smell flowers. พวกเขาดมดอกไม้
เป็ นกริยาแท้ เพราะ smell บอกการกระทาํ
The flowers smell good. ดอกไมส้ ง่ กลินหอม
เป็ นกริยาเชือม เพราะ smell บอกสภาวะ

Linking Verb กบั Verb to be

ความแตกตา่ งของ Linking verb กบั Verb to be กค็ ือวา่
Linking verb = ชัวคราว
Verb to be = ถาวร

ถ้าเราใช้ Verb to be เมือไหร่ จะเป็ นการบอกนสิ ัยถาวรของคนๆนั น แตถ่ า้ ใช้ linking verb จะบอกวา่ พฤตกิ รรมนันๆเกดิ ชวั คราว
เช่น

She is happy. หลอ่ นมีความสขุ
นี คอื ตัวตนของเธอ เธอมีความสุขทุกเวลา
She looks happy today. หลอ่ นดูเหมอื นจะมคี วามสุขวันนี
เดือนกอ่ น สปั ดาหก์ อ่ นหน้ามยุ่ สงั สัยไดร้ ับข่าวดีอะไรสกั อยา่ ง
You are smart. คณุ ฉลาด
คณู เกง่ อยู่แล้วแต่เกดิ ทีหนึงตลอด ทาํ อะไรกค็ ล่องไปหมด
You seem smart. คณุ ดฉู ลาด
คุณดูฉลาดขึนนะ ประชุมทุกทมี ีแต่เสนอแนะอะไรไมเ่ ป็นทา่ วันนีหนาทาํ ไมเป็ นคนละคน กนิ ยาผดิ ซองหรือเปลา่
He is lazy. เขาขเี กยี จ
ไม่เคยทาํ อะไรเลย งานหนักไม่เอา เบาไมส่ ู้
He sounds lazy. เขาดเู หมอื นจะขีเกยี จ
ปกติขยันขนั แข็ง แตท่ าํ ไมตอนนีเหมอื นจะเริมอู้งานแลว้ เกดิ อะไรขึน

อันนีเป็ นการยกตัวอย่างให้เหน็ ความแตกตา่ งกันนะครับ โดยเฉพาะอยา่ งยิงการกล่าวถงึ พฤตกิ รรมหรือนิสัย ถา้ ใช้
verb to be นันคอื นิสัยของคนนันๆ

แตม่ บี างบริบท บางคาํ ทใี ช้แทนกันไดเ้ ลย เช่น
The soup is good.
The soup tastes good.
ซปุ รสชาตดิ ี
She is cold.
She feels cold.
หลอ่ นหนาว ใช้แทนกันได้ ถา้ บอกความรู้สกึ แต่
She is cold. She never talks to anyone.
หลอ่ นเยน็ ชา หลอ่ นไม่เคยพดู กับใครเลย

22MP DON BOSCO SCHOOL BY TENGTURBO SDB

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Action verb & Stative verb

คาํ กริยาในภาษาอังกฤษมีเย๊อะแยะมากมาย เรารู้กนั ดอี ย่แู ลว้ วา่ กริยาคอื คาํ ทีแสดงการกระทาํ แคก่ ริยาอย่างเดยี วก็ถูกแบง่ เป็ นกล่มุ ได้หลาย
แบบ ในทนี ีจะแบง่ ออกเป็ น 2 กลมุ่ คอื

Action verb
Stative verb

1. action verbหรือ บางคนเคา้ ก็เรียกว่า dynamic verb คอื คาํ กริยาทีแสดงอาการ การกระทาํ มีการขยบั เขยอื น เคลือนไหว พูด
งา่ ยๆคอื เรานึกภาพออกว่าเขาทาํ กริยานันๆอย่างไร เช่น ถา้ บอกว่า เขากนิ ข้าว เราก็นึกภาพออกว่าเขากาํ ลังตกั ข้าวเข้าปาก หรือ เขา
กระโดด เราก็เหน็ ภาพคนกาํ ลงั กระโดด ทีมนั ได้ชือเก๋ๆมาอีกชือหนึงวา่ dynamic verb เพราะคาํ วา่ dynamic มนั แปลว่า
เคลือนไหว ไงล่ะคะ กริยากลุ่มนี มเี ยอะแยะ มากมาย สว่ นใหญ่กเ็ ป็ นกริยาทเี ราเรียนมากันตงั แต่ประถมนันแหละคะ่ เช่น eat, drink,
speak, write, catch, go, walk, watch, sit, hit, sleep, hold, etc. นีแค่ตัวอยา่ งเพือใหเ้ หน็ ภาพของaction
verb เทา่ นันคะ่

2. stative verbหรือบางครังเรียกว่า state verb หรือ abstract verb คือคาํ กริยาทีไม่ได้แสดงการกระทาํ หรือการเคลือนไหว
แต่เป็ นกริยาทีแสดงสภาวะ คาํ กริยาทจี ดั อยใู่ นกลุ่ม stative verb แบง่ ออกเป็ น 6 ประเภทดังนีค่ะ

2.1 คาํ กริยาทแี สดงการรับรู้ แสดงถงึ การใช้ประสาทสมั ผสั ดู ได้ยิน ได้กลนิ ลมิ รส รู้สึก คอื hear, see, smell, taste, feel

ตัวอย่างประโยค เช่น

The roast chicken smells good. ไกย่ ่างกลินหอมจัง

I heard someone crying outside. ฉนั ไดย้ ินใครบางคนร้องไหอ้ ยขู่ ้างนอก

2.2 คาํ กริยาทแี สดงสภาวะทางความคดิ เช่น believe, know, recognize, think, doubt, mean, remember,

understand, forget, realize, suppose, etc.
I don’t know Jason, so I won’t invite him to my birthday party.
I recognized you as soon as you come into the room.

2.3 คาํ กริยาทแี สดงความเป็ นเจ้าของ เช่นbelong, own, have, possess

That is the only valuable thing I possess. นันเป็ นสิงมีค่าชินเดียวทีฉนั มี

I don’t have any money left. ฉนั ไมม่ ีเงนิ เหลืออยเู่ ลย

2.4 คาํ กริยาแสดงอารมณห์ รือความรู้สึก เช่นlove, like, hate, mind, envy, wish, prefer, fear, surprise,
astonish, etc.

I like her style.
I prefer tea to cake.

2.5 คาํ ทีแสดงการวดั หรอื การประมาณค่า เช่น weigh, cost, measure, contain, equal, etc.
This pack of sugar weighs more than that one. นําตาลถงุ นี หนกั มากกวา่ ถงุ นัน
The ring costs 23,000 baht. แหวนวงนีราคา 23,000 บาท

2.6 คาํ กริยาแสดงสภาวะอืนๆ เช่นverb to be (is, am, are), owe, seem, exist, require, etc.
I owe you a lot. ฉนั เป็นหนีคุณมากมายเหลอื เกนิ
It seems that you don’t understand me. ดเู หมอื นวา่ เธอจะไมเ่ ข้าใจฉนั

22MP DON BOSCO SCHOOL BY TENGTURBO SDB

เอกสารประกอบการเรียน INTENSIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR DON BOSCO SCHOOL PAGE 36

*** stative verb บางคาํ เป็ นได้ทัง action verb และ stative verb ดงั นันในการนาํ ไปใช้จะต้องแยกนิดนงึ วา่ เป็ นแบบไหน
เพราะถ้าเป็ นแบบ stative verb จะเอามาทาํ เป็ น continuous tense หรือกริยารูปกาํ ลงั กระทาํ ไมไ่ ด้ เช่น

The cake tastes delicious. (stative verb) เค้กมรี สอร่อย
(เราจะไมพ่ ูดว่า The cake is tasting delicious. แปลว่า เค้กกาํ ลงั มรี สอร่อย แบบนีผดิ ค่ะ )
I’m tasting the soup. Let’s see if it’s too much salty. (action verb)
ฉนั กาํ ลังจะชิมซุปถว้ ยนี ดสู วิ า่ จะเคม็ ไปมัย

Grammar Exercise - Linking Verbs
Choose the correct answer

1. She looks fine. __________________
2. She looked into the street. ___________________
3. He is the best soccer player in the world. ___________________
4. She was great in her new performance. __________________
5. He seems confused. ___________________
6. They tasted the pizza. _____________________
7. The pizza tasted good. ____________________
8. That sounds fantastic. _______________________
9. I stayed at the hotel. _________________________
10. He grew tired of running. _____________________

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เอกสารประกอบการเรยี น INTENSIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR DON BOSCO SCHOOL PAGE 37

Verbs of Being, Linking Verbs, and Action Verbs- Exercise 1

Directions: Identify the subject and predicate for each sentence. Then identify the verb type
as linking,action, or being.

Note: Include auxiliary (helping) verbs when identifying predicates.

1. After several days in bed, Alice felt much better.

subject = ___________________
predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

2. Manny tasted the wine in its cup.

subject = ___________________
predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

3. Children often look cute in their Halloween costumes.

subject = ___________________
predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

4. Each person felt the soft fur on the rabbit.

subject = ___________________
predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

5. I have looked everywhere for the key to the basement.

subject = ___________________
predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

6. The post man is early today.

subject = ___________________
predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

7. Quasimodo sounded the bells for the last time.

subject = ___________________
predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

8. Does Quasimodo feel up to par today?

subject = ___________________

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predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

9. The four people remained in the hotel until May.

subject = ___________________
predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

10. Where have you been?

subject = ___________________
predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

11. Every summer we grow several rows of tomato plants.

subject = ___________________
predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

12. An angel appeared on the horizon.

subject = ___________________
predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

13. Jim has grown taller in the last year.

subject = ___________________
predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

14. Your essay on the civil war was too long.

subject = ___________________
predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

15. Could you be a little earlier for the next meeting?

subject = ___________________
predicate = ___________________
type = ___________________

22MP DON BOSCO SCHOOL BY TENGTURBO SDB

เอกสารประกอบการเรยี น INTENSIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR DON BOSCO SCHOOL PAGE 39

Verbs of Being, Linking Verbs, and Action Verbs- Exercise 2

Directions: Identify the subject and predicate for each sentence. Then identify the verb type
as linking, action, or being.
Note: Include auxiliary (helping) verbs when identifying predicates.

1. Did John look handsome in that picture?

subject = __________________
predicate = __________________
type = __________________

2. Despite the excitement all around her, the young gymnast remained calm.

subject = __________________
predicate = __________________
type = __________________

3. Four students in Mr. Brown's art history class borrowed books on Monet from the library.

subject = __________________
predicate = __________________
type = __________________

4. We were spending too much money on silly things.

subject = __________________
predicate = __________________
type = __________________

5. We smelled the smoke at least an hour before the actual fire.

subject = __________________
predicate = __________________
type = __________________

6. The manual for the stereo will be in the drawer next to the TV.

subject = __________________
predicate = __________________
type = __________________

7. The woman in the red dress looked absolutely beautiful.

subject = __________________
predicate = __________________
type = __________________

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8. Did you buy that piece of jewelry for me?

subject = _________________
predicate = _________________
type = _________________

9. The artist has been at her studio since 11 a.m.

subject = _________________
predicate = _________________
type = _________________

10. Where are you going?

subject = _________________
predicate = _________________
type = _________________

11. The baker has been making specialty cakes for years.

subject = _________________
predicate = _________________
type = _________________

12. Bill had appeared sad earlier in the day.

subject = _________________
predicate = _________________
type = _________________

13. I have looked everywhere for my lost keys.

subject = _________________
predicate = _________________
type = _________________

14. The plant will grow most easily in a very sunny spot.

subject = _________________
predicate = _________________
type = _________________

15. Will you be staying with us overnight?

subject = _________________
predicate = _________________
type = _________________

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Verbs of Being, Linking Verbs, and Action Verbs- Exercise 3

Directions: Identify the subject and predicate for each sentence. Then identify the verb type as linking, action,
or being.
Note: Include auxiliary (helping) verbs when identifying predicates.

1. The great Redwoods on the California coast grow very tall.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

2. Would he agree to our offer of amnesty?.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

3. There is no reason for anger in this situation.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

4. The soldier on the front lines was searching the area for explosives.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

5. Even with very little hope, Tom seemed optimistic.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

6. May will be making her zesty gravy for the celebration tonight.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

7. Why did he ask that question?

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

8. The women have been celebrating each other's birthdays for years.

subject = ____________________
predicate = ____________________
type = ____________________

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9. The fudge in that little store on the boardwalk smelled positively wonderful.

subject = ____________________
predicate = ____________________
type = ____________________

10. Can you see the stripes on the flag from here?

subject = ____________________
predicate = ____________________
type = ____________________

11. The button for the computer should be on the lower left side of the CPU.

subject = ____________________
predicate = ____________________
type = ____________________

12. Before the start of the meal, Morris tasted the soup.

subject = ____________________
predicate = ____________________
type = ____________________

13. People were asking about our insurance plan.

subject = ____________________
predicate = ____________________
type = ____________________

14. After the long wait in the supermarket line, the woman with two small children slowly walked to the corner
drugstore.

subject = ____________________

predicate = ____________________

type = ____________________

15. Did Joe seem feverish to you this morning?

subject = ____________________

predicate = ____________________

type = ____________________

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Verbs of Being, Linking Verbs, and Action Verbs- Exercise 4

Directions: Identify the subject and predicate for each sentence. Then identify the verb type
as linking, action, or being.

1. Her presence would have been a constant reminder of the accident.

subject = ____________________
predicate = ____________________
type = ____________________

2. Harry's sister can sing beautifully.

subject = ____________________
predicate = ____________________
type = ____________________

3. Junior smelled the coffee beans from Brazil.

subject = ____________________
predicate = ____________________
type = _____________________

4. One gymnast sustained a painful injury to her left shoulder.

subject = ____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

5. The two horses are looking quite uncomfortable in the small van.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

6. After a great deal of searching, I finally found your sweater in the hamper.

subject = ____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

7. Why do his threats sound so scary?

subject = ____________________
predicate = ____________________
type = ____________________

8. Upon his arrival, the landlord became quite upset about the leaking pipe.

subject = ____________________
predicate = ____________________
type = ____________________

22MP DON BOSCO SCHOOL BY TENGTURBO SDB

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9. There are two pictures hanging on the front wall.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

10. Are all of your friends at the mall today?

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

11. In the warm weather, the milk on the counter turned sour.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

12. With her sharp mind and quick wit, the Thompsons' youngest daughter may be a genius.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

13. In spite of the offer of help, the jury still felt helpless about the large amount of conflicting
evidence.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

14. Even after many years, the boy remained in Angora with his parents.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

15. On the other hand, Monday seems like a good day for a parade.

subject = _____________________
predicate = ______________________
type = ______________________

22MP DON BOSCO SCHOOL BY TENGTURBO SDB

เอกสารประกอบการเรียน INTENSIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR DON BOSCO SCHOOL PAGE 45

Verbs of Being, Linking Verbs, and Action Verbs- Exercise 5
Directions: Identify the subject and predicate for each sentence. Then identify the verb type
as linking,action, or being.

Note: Include auxiliary (helping) verbs when identifying predicates.

1. Why are you eating celery for breakfast?

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

2. In all fairness, James should send us a message with the time of his arrival.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

3. That would be a serious question with no easy answer.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

4. Have you ridden across the new bridge yet?

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

5. Out of the corner of her eye, Mabel looked at Mrs. Jenkins.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

6. The basement in the old house smelled like dust and old moisture.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

7. Will Montie be there by three o'clock?

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

22MP DON BOSCO SCHOOL BY TENGTURBO SDB

เอกสารประกอบการเรียน INTENSIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR DON BOSCO SCHOOL PAGE 46

8. At the edge of the ravine, the road abruptly ended.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

9. The lion cages at the zoo look unstable.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

10. There will be a business card on the table near the front door.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

11. From that vantage point, she could see his dark shape clearly.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

12. In this poem, words become symbols for ghostly realms.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

13. With any luck, the boat will be ready for a long trip down the coast next week.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

14. After two hours at the airport, Jenny was growing increasingly upset with the unreliable airline
schedule.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

15. The two bloodhounds from the local sheriff's office can easily track the escapee through the
woods.

subject = _____________________
predicate = _____________________
type = _____________________

22MP DON BOSCO SCHOOL BY TENGTURBO SDB

เอกสารประกอบการเรยี น INTENSIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR DON BOSCO SCHOOL PAGE 47

Present Tenses เหตกุ ารณใ์ นปัจจุบัน

Present Simple การกระทําทเี ป็ นนสิ ัย Our friends usually travel alone.
(V.1-s.es) My parents run every morning.

ขอ้ เท็จจรงิ ทัวไป Water boils at 100 C.
The earth revolves around the sun

ตารางเวลาในอนาคต The next flight is at 7 o' clock.
The ticket office starts at 9 am.

always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, never, every

Present Continuous เกดิ ขึนขณะทพี ูด He is staying at hotel at the moment.
(is/am/are+v.ing) Look! It is snowing.

กําลังเกดิ ขนึ ในชว่ งนี The world's climate is changing.
The athlete is training for the Olympics.

เหตกุ ารณใ์ นอนาคตทวี าง We are going to the cinema tonight.
แผนไวล้ ว่ งหนา้ We grandfather is arriving tomorrow.

Now, at the moment, at present, nowadays , tonight, this moth
Note ! กรยิ าบางตวั ไมใ่ ช่ continuous เชน่ see, hear, smell, look
appear, seem, want, love, like, hate, feel, agree, own, belong to

Present Perfect เพงิ สินสดุ ลง She has just gone out.
(has/have + V.3) The Democrats have won the election.

เกดิ ในอดตี ไมร่ ะบุเวลา Someone has broken a window
แนช่ ดั They have seen me n television.

เกดิ ในอดตี และดําเนนิ This man has lived here for six years.
มาจนถงึ ปัจจบุ ัน We haven't seen each other since 2005

เกดิ ขึนซํา ๆ ในอดตี The kids have seen the film many times.

Sandra has been to Paris several times.

just , ever, never, already, yet , for (+ระยะเวลา) since (+ จดุ เรมิ ตน้ ของเวลา

หรอื + ประโยค Past Simple)

Present Perfect เกดิ ขนึ และดําเนิน Nick has been swimming for two hours.
Continuous ตอ่ เนอื งถงึ ขณะทพี ูด They have been playing since 4 o'clock.
(has/have been เพงิ สินสดุ ลงมัก I'm hot ! I have been running.
เห็นผลของเหตกุ ารณ์ Watch out ! We've been painting the door.
+ V.ing)

22MP DON BOSCO SCHOOL BY TENGTURBO SDB

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Exercise 1
Use either the present simple or the present continuous of the verbs in parentheses.

1. A: What __________ you (do) ______________ here in the kitchen?
B: I (taste) ___________ the soup to see if it (have) __________ enough salt.

2. A: ______________ you (know)___________ the woman who (talk)__________ to
Tom over there?

B: No, I (not, recognize) _______________ her, but I (suppose) ___________that she is
his guest from France.

3. A: Why __________you (take) ____________ your umbrella ? It (not, rain)_________
B: I (always, take) ___________ it. Just in case!
A: But it (never, rain) ____________ here in July.
B: Oh, well, you (never, know) ___________. Today might be different!

4. A: Why__________ you (sniff) __________ like that?
B: I (try)__________ to decide what perfume you (wear) _________ at the moment
A: OH, it’s Givenchy- John’ s present for Christmas.
B: It (smell) _________ wonderful.

5. A: __________ you (think)_________ you (have) ___________ any chance of winning
this chess match?

B: Yes, I (see) __________ a number of good moves that I can make from this position

Exercise 2
Use either the present perfect or the present perfect continuous of the verbs in
parentheses.

1. A: Look! It’s snowing. How nice!
B: Yes, I know . It (snow) ____________ for almost ten minutes ________________you
(just, notice) _____________ it.
A: It’s very exciting, really. I (never, see) ___________ snow in my life . This is the first
time I (see) ___________ it.

2. We (drive) _____________ since 0 o’ clock this morning, and I think we (drive)
_____________ half of the way so far.

3. I don’t think he’ll refuse this position. He(always, want) _____________ to work
independently, and this job suits his purpose exactly.

4. The people in Africa (suffer) ___________ from hunger for as long as I can remember, and I’m
afraid they’ll have the same problem forever if they aren’t given the right kind of help.

5. For the last four weeks, he (learn) __________ Chinese after work, so he (not, have)
______________much time for any social life recently.

6. We (run) __________ our business since September and (gain)__________ a lot of regular
customers already.

7. We (receive) __________ a lot of applications for the job, and sine this morning, we
(consider) _____________ which ones to put on the short list. So far we (choose) __-
_____five suitable ones.

8. This is the only time I (see) ____________ the beautiful autumn colors of Quebec, although I
(visit ) __________ the province many times before.

9. Hurry up! You (work) __________ on this job for three days, and you (only, paint)
_________ two rooms so far.

10. This is the first prize she (receive) ___________ in her career, so she is very excited about it.

22MP DON BOSCO SCHOOL BY TENGTURBO SDB