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water manufacture food and maintain temperature •Transpiration – plant’s way of keeping cool – absorbs oxygen ... Wetted Area (ft2) = Emitter Spacing (ft) x

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Published by , 2017-01-13 08:45:03

Water-Plant-Soil Relations - ag.arizona.edu

water manufacture food and maintain temperature •Transpiration – plant’s way of keeping cool – absorbs oxygen ... Wetted Area (ft2) = Emitter Spacing (ft) x

Water-Plant-S

Kitt Farrell-Poe
ASM/SWES 404/504

Soil Relations

4

Today, we will

• Plants and water
• Soil-water concep
• Low-volume irriga

be covering...

use
pts
ation

Plants and Wa

• Plants use sunligh

water ma

maintain temperat

• Transpiration

– plant’s way of keep

– absorbs oxygen, u
carbon dioxide

• factors: humidity,

• Photosynthesis

– plants make their

– absorbs carbon di

ater

ht, carbon dioxide, and
anufacture food and
ture

ping cool
uses sugar and water, gives off

wind, solar radiation

own food
ioxide & water, gives off oxygen





Plants and Wa

• Water movement

– absorbed by root
leaves, and relea
in the leaf (stoma

– also moves

• minerals from so
• sugars and plant
• maintains cell tu

• Transpiration acc
loss

ater

t

ts from soil, moved up stem to
ased through small openings
ata) into the atmosphere

oil to plant through evaporation
t chemicals
urgor pressure

counts for 90% of water

Water-saving

CACTI
OCOTILLO,
PALO VERDE
MESQUITE,
SWEET ACACIA
BRITTLEBUSH,
SILVER CLOUD,
TEXAS RANGER

g strategies of plants

Open stomata at night
Lose leaves during
drought
Smaller leaf surface,
fewer stomata
Light-colored (gray)
leaves

Water-saving s

ACACIA REDOLENS
PITTOSPORUM

AZ SYCAMORE

strategies of plants

S Fuzzy or ridged leaves
Waxy or shiny leaves
(reflective)
Curling leaves in wind

Water Use b

56% of the water used was a

by the Roots

absorbed outside the drip line

Implications for

1.5x
2.4x

4x

placement of emitters

Plant-Water Us

• Evapotranspiratio

– sum of plant tran
from soil surface

use

– measured in inch

se

on (ET)

nspiration and evaporation

e also known as consumptive

hes per day

Evapotranspira

• Potential ET (PET)

mathematical equ
• PET data found

– newspapers
– commercially-av
– Arizona meteorol

http://ag.a
• Specific plant’s ET

published PET and
plants with crop c

ation

estimated from
uations

vailable documents
logical data = AZMET

arizona.edu/azmet
T estimated from
d corrected to individual
coefficient or plant factor



AZMET sites

The Soil Reser

rvoir

• Nutrients
• Water
• Organic matter
• Bacteria
• Air
• Medium to support the

plants

Water Moveme

ent in Soils

Physical Prope

• Texture

• Color
• Structure
• Drainage
• Depth
• Surface Features

erties of Soil

Soil Tests to De

• Laboratory
• Jar test

• Feel test

etermine Texture

Determining t

Soil texture Wha

Coarse Soil particles are
when dry, it falls a
Squeezed when m
crumble easily wh

Medium Has a moderate a
and very little clay
broken. Squeeze
that can be easily

Fine When dry, may fo
wet, the soil is qu
squeezed betwee
soil will form a rib

the Soil Type

at you see and feel

loose. Squeezed in the hand
apart when pressure is released.
moist, it will form a cast, but will
hen touched.

amount of fine grains of sand
y. When dry, it can be readily
ed when wet, it will form a cast
y handled.
orm hard lumps or clods. When
uite plastic and flexible. When
en the thumb and forefinger, the
bbon that will not crack.

Soil-Water Def

• Soil Moisture Tensio

finitions

on

Soil-Water Def

• Soil Moisture Tensio
• Saturation

finitions

on





Soil-Water Def

• Soil Moisture Tensio
• Saturation
• Field Capacity (FC)

finitions

on

Field

Capacity

Soil-Water Def

• Soil Moisture Tensio
• Saturation
• Field Capacity (FC)
• Permanent Wilting P

finitions

on

Point (PWP)

Permanent W

Wilting Point

Soil-Water Def

• Soil Moisture Tension
• Saturation
• Field Capacity (FC)
• Permanent Wilting

Point (PWP)
• Available Water

Holding Capacity
(AWHC)

finitions

n


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