EBULLETIN PPPKAJ ISSUE 1/2022

PERSATUAN
PAKAR PERUBATAN

KESIHATAN AWAM
JOHOR




(PPPKAJ)

BULLETIN

JUNE 2022 • ISSUE 1/2022

Persatuan Pakar Perubatan
Kesihatan Awam Johor
(PPPKAJ)

Published in 2022 by Persatuan Pakar Perubatan Kesihatan Awam Johor



All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,

mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission
of the publisher.

NO ISSN : 2948-4073



© Persatuan Pakar Perubatan Kesihatan Awam Johor

PPPKAJ
BULLETIN

APRIL 2022

PATRON Dr Shaharom Nor Azian Binti Che


Mat Din

CHIEF EDITOR Dr Hazlin Binti Abu Bakar

EDITOR Dr Mohammad Fadzly


Dr Siti Umairah Muhadi

Dr Muhammad Afif Farhan

CONTRIBUTORS

Dr Rosila Binti Yahaya, Dr Jeyanthini Sathasivam,

Dr.Yeong May Luu, Dr. Nor Hana Binti Ahmad Bahuri

Dr Hazlin bt Abu Bakar, Dr Haidar Toha
Dr Mohd Nizam Subahir

Y.BHG. DR. SHAHAROM
NORAZIAN BINTI CHE MAT DIN
CHAIRMAN
PERSATUAN PAKAR
PERUBATAN KESIHATAN
AWAM JOHOR

Assalamualaikum wbt

I would like to extend my heartiest congratulations to the committee members and the
contributing authors on the success of this 1st edition of the Johor Public Health
Medicine Specialist Bulletin. I hope that more scientific publications will be
contributed to this bulletin in future.

This Bulletin is published as a testament to the myriad of activities and events that
the Johor Public Health Association members have participated and engaged in. Apart
from that, we hope that this bulletin serves as a platform to further enlighten and
provide information on the importance of the public health undertakings and a deeper
understanding of the work that is done. This will be a starting point for the members
of the association to publish scientific papers that will contribute academically to the
field of public health.

The scope of public health medicine which began in the ancient times with basic
measures of quarantine of lepers has now evolved to be integrated within a
comprehensive healthcare system. The fundamental principles of public health is to
enhance population health by promoting, preventive, curative and rehabilitative
efforts whilst at all times championing equality. Through the work published in this
bulletin we hope to be the change agent in the public health landscape in Johor.

With that, I thank everyone again who made this edition possible and hope that it
seeds of culture of scientific writing amongst the members of the association.
Thank you.

CONTENT

0 1PERUBATAN KESIHATAN AWAM
DR SITI UMAIRAH BT MUHADI

0 2D R J E Y A N T H I N I S A T H A S I V A M PENGENALAN PERSATUAN PAKAR

JOHOR




ROLE OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH

PHYSICIANS IN THIS


PANDEMIC 0 5D R R O H A I Z A T , D R M O H D N I Z A M S U B A H I R


MALAYSIAN ENHANCED MOVEMENT
CONTROL ORDER: A UNIQUE AND
06 IMPACTFUL APPROACH TO
DR NOR HANA BINTI AHMAD BAHURI COMBATING PANDEMIC COVID-19

SUMBANGAN TABUNG

COVID-19 KEBANGSAAN

0
9DR. ROSILA YAHAYA 0 7D R H A Z L I N B T A B U B A K A R
SERANGAN CHIKUGUNYA DI
SEMINAR DENGGI "STRENGTHENING
THE ROLE OF PRIMARY
PRACTITIONER IN COMBATING
DENGUE: LETS’S DO IT TOGETHER"

MUKIM TANGKAK 1 1DR.YEONG MAY LUU

PENOLAKAN VAKSIN DI

KALANGAN ORANG

ASLI:PERSEPSI ATAU REALITI?

1 3D R F A I Z I B R A H I M , D R H A I D A R R I Z A L T O H A

THE IMPACTS OF ILLEGAL TOXIC
WASTE DUMPING ON CHILDREN’S


HEALTH: A REVIEW AND CASE 1 4GALLERY
STUDY FROM PASIR GUDANG,

MALAYSIA

PENGENALAN

PERSATUAN PAKAR
PERUBATAN
KESIHATAN AWAM
JOHOR

By Dr Siti Umairah Bt Muhadi

Persatuan Pakar Perubatan Keahlian bagi PPPKAJ ini
Kesihatan Awam Johor atau
nama singkatnya PPPKAJ bukan sahaja terhad kepada
telah ditubuhkan pada 10
Januari 2020 oleh Dr individu yang mempunyai
Shaharom Nor Azian Bt Che
Mat Din selaku pengerusi. kelulusan pakar perubatan

kesihatan awam, malah

individu yang mempunyai

kecenderungan dalam

bidang kesihatan awam

Persatuan ini ditubuhkan samada yang masih

dengan hasrat untuk berkhidmat atau pernah

menyatupadukan anggota di berkhidmat (pesara) dalam

kesihatan awam bersama bidang kesihatan juga layak

agensi-agensi dalam menjadi ahli PPPKAJ.

melaksanakan dasar-dasar

negara dengan menjayakan Diharapkan Persatuan Pakar

pelbagai aktiviti seperti Perubatan Kesihatan Awam

seminar, kajian , penyelidikan Johor ini terus bergerak aktif

dan tinjauan bagi dan dapat membantu

meningkatkan tahap dalam mengekalkan

profesionalisme ahli serta kehormatan dan integriti

menyumbang kepada profesion kesihatan awam

pembangunan masyarakat serta mengekalkan standard

dan negara. profesional dan etika

perubatan.

Disamping itu, PPKAJ juga

berperanan menyelaras

maklumat-maklumat

berkaitan isu profesion ini

kepada masyarakat umum

dan juga menjaga kebajikan

am ahli persatuan secara

tidak langsung.

PPPKAJ | 01

FEATURES

ROLE OF THE
PUBLIC HEALTH
PHYSICIANS IN
THIS PANDEMIC

Dr Jeyanthini Let’s see…we have all seen and are still witnessing
Sathasivam the continuous evolution of this Covid-19 pandemic.
From the beginning, this virus has been a
perplexing medical mystery constantly presenting
challenges to the medical fraternity and more so
the public health physicians. Fortunately, we’ve
made significant progress in our understanding of
this disease, our ability to combat it, and our efforts
to help the public deal with the pandemic.
Notwithstanding the fact that the light at the end
of the tunnel still seems far off in the horizon.

PPPKAJ | 02

FEATURES

As public health physicians, we have The toughest hat to wear
clearly mimicked what Edward de in this pandemic would
Bono proposed in his ‘thinking hats’ be the blue hat. Many try
framework, that is to execute abstract to wear it and fail
thinking to produce productive helplessly.
outcomes. At every crossroad, we have
put on either one of our thinking hats public health, physicians projected, there were hours and
or as a team sat wearing the various hours of sleepless nights of analysing trends, literature,
hats just to identify a more cohesive number and data crunching just to make sense of what was
way of dealing with the issues the happening. It was novel for us too!
pandemic has handed us.
Primarily, the work of a public health specialist is to
The pandemic was growing with a constantly wear the white hat and continually delve into
daily wealth of information at a information. The who, what, where, when and how to get
lighting speed; some needing further the information which we love to call surveillance is the
understanding and research. However, baseline skill that one has to harness in his or her career.
information still has to be What next to do with this information is
disseminated to the people and
stakeholders who were living amidst
the unknown. All eyes were upon the
health system, and whilst the sick was
being cared for by the clinicians what
everyone wanted to know was what
could and must be done to not
contract it in the first place or to curb
its spread. We had no vaccines for a
year and fatality rates were enough to
scare the nation.

Little did the public know, behind the
strong façade that the

PPPKAJ | 03

pertinent. Deep analytical thinking requires It has not been easy advocating, advising and
us to do a situational needs analysis and convincing the stakeholders in this
data crunching whilst constantly alternating technologically savvy and media conscious
between several hats. Wearing the black hat day and age. For every carefully packaged
to identify risks, the yellow hat to weigh in information being sold to the masses,
the benefits and values and the green hat to someone somewhere plants a seed of doubt.
generate new ideas, concepts and Advocating behavioural change has been the
alternatives is definitely a Herculean task. mainstay of our exhaustive game plan. Public
rather than changing and adapting to the
Public health physicians work with large new norms, spend time arguing on who is
numbers of people in this pandemic. Those right and who is wrong. Most of the time,
who do not make it to the hospital by being the brunt end of anger, cynicism and
default belong to us. The task is much more sarcasm, mental tiredness sets in our inner
difficult as no single decision would or could being and we helplessly shut down for the
satisfy the masses. Emotions, intuitions and day knowing the battle is far from over. Such
perceptions influence us as mere humans as are the perils of our profession!
we try to wear our sexy red hats. Intuitions Despite that, we have had our small wins. We
may be based on experiences and may not created many clones among the people who
necessarily be right. However, these actively champion our cause, we have
emotions give us a sense of how specific changed perceptions, we changed policies,
scenarios might play out in the future. We we rewrote laws, we became keyboard
know our people. We live and breathe with warriors, we prevented many from losing
them. We know what makes them laugh, cry their loved ones and most of all we became
and fear. Using such knowledge to advocate the face of pandemic.
change is a talent in itself. Just imagine With that, kudos to all public health
when most of our clients are seemingly physicians who never backed down, never
healthy individuals who resist an effort to gave up the fight, and are still heads on
make change. Our biggest nemesis :Change confronting this virus and its continuous
resistance. drama. We may not be sure when and how
this pandemic will end, but we can be sure of
The toughest hat to wear in this pandemic one thing…public health physicians have
would be the blue hat. Many try to wear it been a beacon of hope in this mountain of
and fail helplessly. What is imperative is despair and will continue to be. So, cheers to
someone who has the art of organized that!!
thinking. While one may think it means
power and control, it actually means
harnessing the potential of all thinkers and
players in the pandemic, not allowing one to
stray from the goal. The task of leading this
pandemic is the same as driving in an
unchartered terrain. It did not come with a
handbook. Yes, we had several dos and
don’ts along the way but it had to be
tailored and customized to the client.

PPPKAJ | 04

MCCOIMMOORAOPDMVLVAIAEEBDCRYMA-TS:1TEFAI9INAUNUTNLGNCAEIPNPQOAPHUNNRAETDONRAEAOCNMCELDIDHCTO

Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, Mohd Nizam Subahir, Linayanti Rosli,
Shaharom Nor Azian Che Mat Din, Nor Zaher Ismail, Nor Hana
Ahmad Bahuri, Farha Ibrahim, Naffisah Othman, Zulfikri Abas,
Azmawati Mohammed Nawi

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) effective measure in the form of the
pandemic presents a significant threat to EMCO to contain the COVID-19
countries worldwide, but has also been a valuable outbreak, where the last cases were
experience for everyone involved. In Malaysia, the reported 16 days before the EMCO
disease spread rapidly, and a Movement Control was lifted. The residents’ compliance,
Order (MCO) was issued in some states to contain and inter-agency cooperation were
the outbreak. Malaysia first issued an Enhanced essential elements to the success of
MCO (EMCO) following a cluster that involved a the EMCO. A targeted approach
religious gathering. The EMCO was issued to using an EMCO should be
lockdown the area, undertake screening, treat implemented in a future pandemic.
positive cases and quarantine their close contacts.
The EMCO region was divided into two zones. A 2 Full article can be accessed in
km2 area was identified as the red zone, while the Journal of Health Research, 2021.
surrounding area within 20 km2 was designated https://doi.org/10.1108/JHR-01-2021-
the buffer zone. Active case detection and mass 0037
sampling were the main activities involving the
population in both zones. One hundred ninety- Briefing EMCO by Dr Nizam to Dr Adham
three (193) confirmed COVID-19 cases were Baba who was the Minister of Health at
identified from the total population of 2,599. Of that time.
these cases, 99.5% were Malaysians, 31.7% were Photo Credit: Twitter Adham Baba
aged > 60 years, and all four deaths (Case Fatality
Rate, 2.1%) were elderly people with comorbidities.
One hundred and one cases (52.3%) were
asymptomatic, of which 77 (77%) were detected
during mass sampling. The risk factors
contributing to the outbreak were contacts that
had attended the religious gathering, regular
mosque congregants, wedding ceremony
attendees and close household contacts. Malaysia
implemented an

PPPKAJ | 05

SUMBANGAN
TABUNG
COVID-19
KEBANGSAAN

DR NOR HANA BINTI AHMAD
BAHURI

Salah satu tugas utama sebaik sahaja

PPPKAJ ditubuhkan adalah menghadapi

cabaran pandemik COVID-19. Terdapat

keperluan untuk melaksanakan Latihan

Pengambilan dan Pengendalian Sampel

Untuk COVID-19 bagi pengamal perubatan

dan paramedik dari fasiliti kesihatan

swasta, dimana PPPKAJ telah

bekerjasama dengan Jabatan Kesihatan

Negeri Johor bagi mempercepatkan

perkembangan kapasiti teras di negeri

Johor. Latihan ini telah dilaksanakan

secara berperingkat antara 20 Mei 2020

hingga 8 Jun 2020 yang melibatkan 153

peserta. Yuran yang dikenakan ke atas

peserta dari fasiliti kesihatan swasta ini

telah disumbangkan ke Tabung COVID

Kebangsaan yang berjumlah RM7,560.00

melalui pemindahan secara atas talian

pada 15 Jun 2020.

PPPKAJ | 06

SEMINAR DENGGI
"STRENGTHENING THE
ROLE OF PRIMARY
PRACTITIONER IN
COMBATING DENGUE:
LETS’S DO IT TOGETHER"

Dr Hazlin bt Abu Bakar

Peningkatan kes Denggi di negeri Johor
terutamanya di daerah Johor Bahru dan
Kulai amat membimbangkan. Sejajar
dengan peningkatan kes denggi, kadar
mortaliti juga meningkat dan
merupakan antara negeri yang
mempunyai kadar mortaliti tertinggi di
Malaysia.

Bagi memantapkan pengetahuan dan
kemahiran pengurusan kes denggi
dalam kalangan pengamal perubatan
peringkat kesihatan primer, seminar
denggi telah

PPPKAJ |07

diadakan pada 12 September 2020
bertempat di Holiday Villa Johor Bahru.
Seminar ini merupakan anjuran Persatuan
Pakar Perubatan Kesihatan Awam Johor
(PPKAJ) dengan kerjasama Jabatan
Kesihatan Negeri Johor. Ia telah dihadiri
oleh pengamal perubatan daripada klinik
dan hospital awam serta swasta.

Seminar ini merangkumi pelbagai topik
iaitu epidemiologi denggi, nyamuk Aedes
dan pengurusan kes denggi mengikut CPG
terkini. Turut ditekankan dalam seminar ini
adalah denggi dalam kalangan ibu
mengandung dan kanak-kanak yang perlu
diberi perhatian. Penggunaan Fever
Assessment Checklist bagi semua kes-kes
demam juga menjadi salah satu initipati
dalam seminar ini bagi memastikan tiada
kes denggi yang tidak di diagnosa. Ia
merupakan checklist yang telah
diperkenalkan di negeri Johor bagi
memastikan penilaian pesakit dilakukan
dengan tepat dan keperluan rujukan ke
hospital di dikenalpasti segera.

Seminar ini mendapat sambutan yang baik
daripada pengamal perubatan kerajaan
dan swasta. Seramai 160 orang peserta
telah mengikuti seminar ini. Terdapat juga
peserta daripada luar negeri Johor yang
turut menghadiri seminar ini. Maklum balas
daripada peserta adalah positif dan rata-
rata berpuas hati dengan penganjuran
seminar ini. Terdapat juga cadangan
supaya lebih banyak case studies dibuat
bagi memastikan peserta dapat
memaksimumkan pengetahuan berkaitan
pengurusan denggi.

Seminar ini telah dapat dapat dijalankan
dengan jayanya dan objektif seminar telah
tercapai. PPKAJ akan terus komited dalam
menjalankan seminar seperti ini bagi
memastikan pemerkasaan pengamal
perubatan dalam pengurusan penyakit-
penyakit di negeri Johor ini sentiasa
dipertingkatkan.

PPPKAJ | 08

Chikungunya merupakan satu

penyakit bawaan vektor melalui

gigitan nyamuk aedes. Gejalanya

sama seperti demam denggi tetapi

masalah sakit sendi lebih menonjol

berbanding demam denggi. Kali

terakhir chikugunya dilaporkan di

Tangkak adalah pada Disember 2019

iaitu satu kes sahaja. Sehingga

minggu epid ke-12 tahun 2021,

sebanyak 28 kes chikungunya telah

dilaporkan di daerah Tangkak

dimana 25 daripadanya berlaku di

mukim Tangkak. Taburan kes adalah

sporadik sehingga satu wabak

dilaporkan berlaku di Taman

Payamas pada minggu epi 8.

Pertanyaan samada kes-kes sporadik
mempunyai kaitan dengan wabak
yang dilaporkan membawa kepada
analisa menyeluruh kes chikungunya
daripada minggu 1 – minggu 12.
Taburan kes chikungunya diplot
bersama kes denggi yang diabaikan
menggunakan google earth.

Hasil analisa menunjukkan lokasi

yang mempunyai kes sporadik juga

mempunyai bilangan kes denggi

abai yang ketara, iaitu di Taman

Tangkak Jaya, Taman Sentosa dan

Taman Payamas. Oleh itu,

kemungkinan lokasi tersebut

merupakan kawasan wabak

chikungunya.

Analisa juga mendapati lokasi

terbabit merupakan lokaliti

keutamaan 1 denggi di Mukim

Tangkak. Ini bermaksud potensi

SERANGAN berlaku wabak chikungunya adalah
CHIKUNGUNYA
DI MUKIM juga tinggi.
TANGKAK
"KALI TERAKHIR
DR. ROSILA YAHAYA TANGKAK DISERANG
ADALAH PADA
PAKAR PERUBATAN KESIHATAN AWAM TAHUN 2019"
PEJABAT KESIHATAN DAERAH TANGKAK

PPPKAJ | 09

Taburan kes chikungunya di mukim tangkak

Kejadian chikungunya yang berpanjangan ii. Ianya merupakan kawasan perumahan
lama kos rendah, dimana banyak
dengan laporan kejadian wabak yang pengubahsuaian dibelakang rumah telah
dibuat oleh penghuni menyebabkan
lewat dan melibatkan lokaliti berdekatan, kesukaran untuk membuat aktiviti
kawalan.
menggerakkan keperluan tindakan iii. Tabiat menyimpan air di dalam bekas
tidak bertutup dan menyimpan barang
kawalan yang lebih intensif dan kitar semula oleh penduduk menjadi
risiko tempat pembiakan nyamuk.
bersepadu. iv. Isu pembuangan sampah haram di
kawasan lapang semak samun.
Pasukan bantuan daripada Pejabat
Kes-kes sporadik chikungunya di Tangkak
Kesihatan Daerah Muar dan Pejabat pada minggu epid 1 hingga 12 yang
dilaporkan disyaki sebagai kes wabak
Kesihatan Daerah Segamat telah hasil dari analisa semula maklumat
edenggi. Ekoran itu, tindakan kawalan
dikerahkan untuk membantu aktiviti yang intensif dan bersepadu telah
dilaksanakan dan dapat mengekang
kawalan dan pencegahan. Seramai 38 penularan dilokaliti terbabit.

orang anggota terdiri daripada PPKP, PKA Hasil kajian ini menekankan keperluan
daerah untuk mengambil tindakan
dan PRA telah turun membantu. Strategi kawalan yang intensif bagi setiap kes
sporadik chikungunya yang dilaporkan
yang digunakan adalah teknik kepungan. dengan kemungkinan wabak telah berlaku
Pendekatan ini mengambil kira kesukaran
Hebahan secara menyeluruh di sekitar mengenalpasti kes chikungunya secara
ujian makmal.
Mukim Tangkak telah dibuat dengan

bantuan Pejabat Penerangan dan Unit

Pendidikan Kesihatan. Aktiviti yang

dijalankan adalah PTP, SRT/ULV,

larvaciding dan Ovitrap .

Aktiviti (pengesanan kontak) ACD juga
dijalankan dari rumah kerumah. Aktiviti
kawalan bermula daripada 9 Mac 2021
bermula dengan anggota PKD Tangkak,
pasukan bantuan bermula 14 Mac 2021
hingga 15 Mac 2021 dimana operasi besar-
besaran dan menyeluruh dijalankan.

Isu dan faktor penyumbang kepada

peningkatan kes chikungunya di mukim

Tangkak:

i. Kesukaran melaksanakan aktiviti

Pemusnahan Tempat Pembiakan (PTP) dan

Semburan Ruang Thermal (SRT) ekoran

pandemik COVID-19, dimana anggota

dilarang untuk memasuki rumah

penduduk sepanjang tempoh PKP dan

PKPD.

PPPKAJ |10

PENOLAKAN VAKSIN DI
KALANGAN ORANG ASLI




PERSEPSI ATAU REALITI?



OLEH: DR.YEONG MAY LUU




KKadar penularan COVID-19 di seluruh bersama penduduk dan ketua kampung
Malaysia telah mencapai tahap yang amat (Tok Batin), mendapati ramai warga Orang
Asli menolak penerimaan vaksin akibat
membimbangkan. Pelaksanaan Pelan kurang keyakinan terhadap vaksin dan
khuatir tentang kesan sampingan vaksin,
Imunisasi Covid Kebangsaan kepada terutamanya kematian disebabkan vaksin
serta pelbagai khabar angin yang tersebar
rakyat Malaysia untuk mewujudkan di kalangan penduduk-penduduk Orang
Asli. Di samping itu, terdapat segelintir
imuniti kelompok perlu dipercepatkan Tok Batin yang menolak penerimaan
vaksin telah menyukarkan lagi usaha
dalam usaha bersepadu untuk pendaftaran vaksin kerana Tok Batin
mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat di
melandaikan unjuran pandemik. kalangan penduduk kampung Orang Asli.

Keutamaan pemberian vaksin diberi

kepada golongan yang berisiko seperti

warga emas,orang kurang upaya dan

golongan yang berpenyakit kronik. Di

daerah Segamat, penduduk di

perkampungan Orang Asli diklasifikasi

sebagai kumpulan berisiko tinggi

memandangkan lokasi penempatan yang

terpencil dan pelbagai faktor telah

menghadkan akses golongan Orang Asli

untuk perkhidmatan kesihatan. Faktor

logistik dan geografi menyusahkan usaha

kawalan penyebaran COVID-19 di kawasan-

kawasan perkampungan tersebut. Daerah

Segamat mempunyai bilangan

perkampungan Orang Asli antara yang

tertinggi di Negeri Johor - 9 Kampung

Orang Asli, dengan populasi seramai 2403

penduduk isi rumah.

Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah (PKD) Segamat Taklimat Vaksin oleh Pengamal
telah menjalankan kempen pendaftaran
vaksin COVID-19 bersama JAKOA dan Perubatan Berbangsa Orang Asli
Jabatan Penerangan di sepanjang bulan
April 2021. Taklimat dan kaunter
pendaftaran disediakan dengan borang
persetujuan vaksin terus diedarkan
kepada semua penduduk Orang Asli yang
layak menerima vaksin, iaitu golongan
berumur 18 tahun ke atas. Maklumbalas
aktiviti lapangan dan interaksi

PPPKAJ | 11

Untuk mendapat gambaran sebenar, Penerangan Jururawat Kesihatan kepada
JAKOA telah mengedarkan borang penduduk Orang Asli
persetujuan penerimaan vaksin untuk
mengkaji kadar penolakan vaksin di
kalangan penduduk Orang Asli. Daripada
1677 borang yang telah diedarkan kepada
penerima vaksin yang layak, 521 individu
sudi memberi maklumbalas dan di
kalangan mereka, terdapat 122 responden
(23.4%) yang menolak penerimaan vaksin.

Susulan itu, PKD dengan kerjasama
JAKOA telah merangka pelaksanaan
beberapa strategi untuk menangani
situasi tersebut. Taklimat tentang
keselamatan dan keberkesanan Vaksin
COVID-19 telah dikendalikan oleh Pakar
Perubatan Keluarga, Jururawat Kesihatan
dan Jururawat Masyarakat daripada
bangsa Orang Asli dan dalam bahasa
tempatan.

Taklimat tersebut juga bertujuan

membuka peluang untuk menjawab

kemusykilan penduduk Orang Asli

mengenai vaksin. Menerusi pemupukan

kesedaran baru ini, penduduk Orang Asli

yang sebelum ini enggan menerima

vaksin, telah bertukar fikiran dan

bersetuju untuk menerima vaksin.

Memandangkan program immunisasi
penduduk Orang Asli dijangka akan
dijalankan oleh Mobile Team di

perkampungan Orang Asli mulai bulan Jun
2021, PKD pada ketika ini, telah mula
memberi keutamaan kepada warga Orang
Asli yang sudi menerima vaksin di Pusat
Pemberian Vaksin; dengan harapan,
golongan tersebut dapat menjadi
‘influencer’ atau advocator (pelopor)

dikalangan penduduk kaum Orang Asli di
perkampungan mereka.

PPPKAJ |12

THE IMPACTS OF ILLEGAL TOXIC WASTE DUMPING
ON CHILDREN’S HEALTH: A REVIEW AND CASE
STUDY FROM PASIR GUDANG, MALAYSIA

MOHD FAIZ IBRAHIM, ROZITA HOD, MAZRURA SAHANI,

AZMAWATI MOHAMMED NAWI, IDAYU BADILLA IDRIS,

HANIZAH MOHD YUSOFF AND HAIDAR RIZAL TOHA

Poor management of hazardous

of hazardous waste were illegally

waste can lead to environmental disposed into Kim Kim River,

pollution, injuries, and adverse Pasir Gudang, Malaysia. They

health risks. Children’s exposure were identified as benzene,

to hazardous waste may cause acrolein, acrylonitrile, hydrogen

serious acute and chronic health chloride, methane, toluene,

problems due to their higher xylene, ethyl-benzene, and d-

vulnerability to the toxic effects of limonene. As a result, 975

chemicals. This study examines students in the vicinity developed

an incident of illegal chemical signs and symptoms of

dumping in Pasir Gudang, respiratory disease due to the

Malaysia and its potential health chemical poisoning. The findings

impacts on children. The study of this study indicate that more

introduced a risk assessment of effective policies and preventive

possible health-related effects actions are urgently needed to

due to chemical contamination protect human health, especially

based on a real case scenario children from improper

where quantification of the hazardous waste management.

contamination was not feasible. A

literature review and spatial Full article was published on the

analysis were used as research International Journal of Enviro- Infographic published by Jabatan Kesihatan
methods. On 6th March 2019, nmental Research and Public Negeri Johor.

tons Health 2021, 18, 2221.

(https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18

052221)

PPPKAJ | 13

PUBLIC
HEALTH
OFFICIALS
IN ACTION
DURING
PANDEMIC
COVID-19

PPPKAJ | 14

PPPKAJ | 15

SEMINAR DENGGI :
"STRENGTHENING
THE ROLE OF
PRIMARY
PRACTITIONER IN
COMBATING
DENGUE: LETS’S
DO IT TOGETHER"

PPPKAJ | 16