POCKET BOOK(1)

04/03/2565

1.
2.

3.

1.
2.
3.

1. 1
2. 6
3. 10

4. 13
4.1
4.2 15

4.3 18
24
5. 27
6.
7.

1

1.

elastic) stiffness)
vulcanizing agent) Morrison and Porter, 1983)

Crosslink)

2

ulfur vulcanization)

BR) , NR)
NBR) SBR)

IIR) EPDM

vulcanization by sulfur without accelerator)
8 phr

5 ZnO
3 0.5
phr 1 3

3

Sulfur-accelerator vulcanization)

Charles Goodyear
Krejsa Koening, 1993)
ZnO

1906 aniline)

1925
2-mercaptobenzothiazole, MBT) 2,2

2,2-dithio-bis-benzothiazole, MBTS)
1937
thiazole sulfenamide)

3
(Delayed action accelerated

vulcanization)
Coran (1964)

4

ODR (Oscillating disk rheometer)

1 k, 4 k
K2 A A
k
1.4

induction period)
Scorch time)
,2534)

optimum cure) 5

100% cure time)

90% 95% over
under cure)

cure)
reversion)

marching cure)
flat cure)

6

2. rhombic)
monoclinic)

transition point)
Rhombic sulphur

S8 C C
C CS2 C6H6

2

7

Monoclinic sulphur
S8

C CS2
C

C

8

Structural diagram of an elastomer

Activator) (Accelerator)

crosslinks) 9

Monosulfidic
Disulfidic crosslinks)

Polysulfidic crosslinks)

SBR, IR, BR, NBR
EPM

10

3.

Soluble sulfur)
Rhombic crystal form)

blooming) Sulfur
Tack)

Insoluble sulfur)
Polymeric sulfur

,,

11

stearic acid)

Zinc oxide)

12

13

4.

conventional system)
polysuiphidic crosslink)

reversion)
compression set)
- phr sulphenamide phr
- phr thiazole phr DPG
TMTD phr
- phr thiuram / dithiocarbamate
phr

14

efficient vulcanizing system)

reversion

- 0.5 phr + CBS 6 phr
- 0.3 phr + CBS 3 phr + TMTD 2 phr
- TMTD 3 phr
- DTDM 1 phr + CBS 1 phr + TMTD 1 phr

Semi efficient vulcanizing system)

- 2 phr+ sulphenamide 1 phr
- 1.5 phr + sulphenamide 1.5 phr
- 1 phr + sulphenamide 2 phr

15

- NR
- SBR
- NBR
- BR
- IIR
- CIIR

16

NR

SBR

NBR

IIR
- CR
-Q

17

- EPR
CR

Q

unsaturation 18
grade sulfur
sulfur
Goodyear

rubber

1. soluble sulfur
rhombic crystal form

19

sulfur blooming
tack

2. insoluble sulfur
polymeric sulfur

20

zinc oxide stearic acid

6

21

sulfur donors

1

22

EV Semi-EV
ZDC
- phr
- ZDC phr
- phr

- 23
-
- phr
TMTD phr
stiffness
phr phr

24

1 3 phr 2.5 phr 2.5
phr

(phr) (leather like)
0-5 Ebonite
5 - 15

> 15

2

- 1 - 2 phr
- 0.7 - 1.5 phr

25

- 0.1 - 1.0 phr

- 0 - 0.5 phr
- 2.5 3.5 phr
- 0.5 1.0 phr

1 1.5 phr
5.2

7

26

, SBR
BR IIR NBR

3 1-1.5 phr

30
NR SBR

NBR

27

6.

UV IR NMR
ESR Raman (Yu and Guo, 1990; Dikland and Van Duin,
2002; Orza et al., 2009; Che et al., 2012)

Gupta et al., 2014)
Akiba and Hashim, 1997;

Koenig, 2000)
cis/trans)

1 C S C)

mono-sulfidic bond di-sulfidic bond 2 C
S S C)

(C Sx C x = 3 - 6 )

poly-sulfidic bond

poly-sulfidic bond

mono- and di-sulfidic bond 28

reversion

29

(conventional
vulcanization, CV) (semi-efficiency
vulcanization, semi-EV)
vulcanization, EV) efficiency
2014)
1 (Gupta ,
CV)

70-80%)

EV) mono-sulfidic
CV
di-sulfidic
poly-sulfidic
(Semi-EV)
2

semi-EV
mono-sulfidic di-sulfidic

30

2010)
4

31

7.1

7.2 Bloom
reversion)

32

1. https://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/bitstream/
_ch pdf

2. https://th.stuklopechat.com/biznes/ chto-
takoe-vulkanizaciya-kauchuka.html

3. https://isecosmetic.com/wiki/Sulfur_vulcanization
4. https://sites.google.com/site/topengpjack/reiyn-

khemi-xxnlin/khxngkhaeng-khxng-hlw-kaes/rup-
khxng-kamathan
5. http://mdc.library.mju.ac.th/research/2561/napat
_chantaramee_2559/fulltext.pdf
6. http://rubber.oie.go.th/Article.aspx?aid=
7. http://lib dss.go.th/fulltext/Vichakran/vichakran_
ped_ pdf
8. http://rubber.oie.go.th
9. http://lib dss.go.th/fulltext/Vichakran/vichakran_
ped_ pdf
10. http://www.mahidolrubber.org/files/vulcanized_l
atex.pdf
11. http://www.mahidolrubber.org/files/vulcanized_l
atex.pdf

33

12. http://rubber.oie.go.th/box/ELib_Document/2580
/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8
%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0
%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2
%E0%B8%87.pdf

13. https://scijournal.kku.ac.th/files/Vol_ _No_ _P_
pdf

14. http://dc.oas.psu.ac.th/dcms/files/
_ch pdf

15. https://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/bitstream/
TC pdf