English Idioms in Use - Advanced

4 7 Emphasising 98 In this unit, we look at the way certain nouns and adjectives combine to form idiomatic compounds, which emphasise the second word in the compound. Emphasis of adjectives The words before each adjective express the idea of very I completely I extremely. My trousers got soaked. I laid them on the sand, and, in the hot sun, they were soon bone dry. The cakes I made were a disaster. They were rock hard and nobody could eat them! He lost his shorts in the water and came out of the river stark naked. Derek has a razor-sharp sense of humour; he's so funny. The oven broke down, and our dinner was stone cold instead of piping hot. The new prime minister is trying to project a squeaky-clean image of herself. My grandad is 87, but he's fighting fit and goes for a long walk every day. It's crystal clear to me that we need to raise money urgently. His uncle Peter is filthy rich. He owns houses in England, Italy and the Caribbean. Emphatic noun phrases Read this phone conversation between Lou and Mary-Jo and note the idioms. Lou: Have you heard about Yolanda? She was robbed in broad daylight1 in the city centre yesterday. It really scared her. Mary-Jo: Oh no! Things have really hit rock bottom2 here if people are getting mugged in the middle of the day in crowded places! Lou: Yes. Nobody has any respect any more. The city spent a small fortune3 on surveillance cameras, but nobody ever gets caught. The police do nothing. Mary-Jo: Well, even if they do get caught, they have no respect for the courts. They just tell barefaced lies4 and walk away free, or get fined a mere pittance5 . Lou: Well, I think anyone who mugs someone should go to prison, full stop6 . 1 during the day when people could have seen it 2 the lowest and worst possible level 3 a large sum of money 4 obvious untruths 5 a very small sum of money 6 there is nothing more to say about the subject Language help There are a large number of emphatic compounds with idiomatic meanings like the ones above. Always make a special note of them in your vocabulary notebook when you find new ones. English Idioms in Use Advanced

Exercises 47.1 Match the beginning of each idiom with its ending. 1 razor D a clear 2 fighting D b hot 3 crystal D c sharp 4 stark D d fit 5 piping D e naked 47 .2 Replace the underlined part of each sentence with an idiom from A opposite. 1 My old auntie Lily is very fit, even though she had an operation two months ago. 2 She's very rich: she owns a private jet and a massive yacht. 3 A man jumped into the fountain completely naked and was arrested by the police. 4 The new government had a completely clean image until the recent scandal broke. 5 Erica has a very sharp mind and is the most intelligent person I know. 6 My feet and hands were completely cold, so I sat in front of the fire, had a bowl of very hot soup and soon felt better. 7 I overcooked the meat and it was very dry. 8 We can't put the tent up here. The ground's very hard. 47 .3 Correct the mistakes in these idioms. 1 Things have hit stone bottom between my parents and their neighbours; they don't speak to each other any more. 2 I couldn't sleep on that mattress - it was stone hard. 3 This vase is stark dry and the poor old flowers are dying! 4 It is glass clear to me that she is trying to deceive us all. 5 They've spent a filthy fortune on furniture for their new house. 6 Police report that more crimes are taking place in full daylight. 47 .4 Answer these questions. 1 Which idiom in this unit means you have a lot of money? 2 Which idiom means 'There's nothing more to say about it!'? 3 Which idiom means a) 'a very small sum of money' and b) 'a very large sum of money'? 4 Which idiom means 'in the middle of the day, when everyone can see what is happening'? 47 .5 Complete the crossword. 2 6 3 4 5 Across 1 goes with rock 3 goes with crystal 4 goes with pittance Down 1 goes with -faced lies 2 goes with fortune 5 goes with filthy 6 goes with naked English Idioms in Use Advanced 99

48 Play and game 100 Play I went out with my brother and his girlfriend. They didn't really want me there, and it was really boring playing gooseberry. [being an unwanted third person in a romantic situation] If you really like him, don't make it too obvious. Try to play it cool. [behave in a calm way, pretending to be less interested in someone than you really are] I always take an umbrella with me, even if it's not raining. I like to play it safe! [be extra careful and not take any risks] I run a restaurant. Another restaurant in town plays dirty, saying there are rats in our kitchen, and so on. [behaves dishonestly] But I'm not stupid - they can't play me for a fool. [treat me as if I am stupid] At the moment we're just waiting and playing for time, [waiting until we're ready] but we' ll get our revenge in the end. In my opinion, scientists have no right to play God by experimenting on embryos. [act as if they have control over other people's lives] I'm tired of playing second fiddle to my brother. [being in a less important or weaker position] The police played cat and mouse with the suspect before arresting him. [tried to defeat someone by tricking them so that they had an advantage over them] Game idiom I example I meaning raise your Our competitors won an award this week. We're work harder to achieve something game really going to have to raise our game. the game's He's got away with lying for a long time, but the used to say that someone's secret up game's up now. activities are known and must now stop a game plan The marketing campaign isn't working. We need plan for achieving success a new game plan. the name of Good customer service is the name of the game the most important part of an activity the game for successful companies. quality needed for that activity Idioms with play and game idiom I example I meaning play games They're never going to sign the contract. They're trying to deceive someone about wha just playing games. they intend to do play the I don't agree with the changes at work, but I'm behave in a way that is expected or game not going to complain. I'll just play the game. demanded by those in authority. play a / the The banks are playing a/ the waiting game delaying taking action until they see waiting until they see how their customers react to the how things develop game financial crisis. Language help It is important to use articles correctly in idioms. We always say 'play second fiddle' and 'play gooseberry', NOT ' i,ltry a seeor,d fiddle' and ' i,la:y B gooseberry'. English Idioms in Use Advanced -

Exercises 48.1 Which idioms do these pictures make you think of? 3 48.2 Replace the underlined part of each sentence with an idiom. 1 We want the directors to agree to our proposals, so we need to discuss our strategy. 2 OK, kids - that's enough. I know where you 've been hiding my glasses! 3 Martha has decided to apply to be the shop manager. She's been an assistant manager for five years and is tired of not being fully in charge. 4 When you 're looking for a new flat, location is the most important thing to consider. 5 I went to the cinema with Elena and her new boyfriend, but it was horrible being there with them when they just wanted to be alone. 6 I think that doctors sometimes go too far in their attempts to control what happens in our lives. 7 We're still not ready to decide, so we need to try to delay things a bit and not sign the contract yet. 48.3 Complete each dialogue with an idiom from the opposite page. 1 A: Have you seen this email? I don't have time to do all of this extra work! B: I know, I know. Just ................. ............................................... . ...... for now. There's nothing we can do about it. 2 A: I really like him. Why won't he answer any of my texts? B: Maybe he's just ................................... ..................... ............................ . 3 A: The new mayor seems fair and honest, doesn't he? B: Yes, he's promised not to .......................................................... . 4 A: I don't think we should take any risks or experiment. B: No, much better to .................................................................................................... . 5 A: I think we need a new plan to improve sales and increase profits. B: Yes, it's definitely time we .......................................................................................... . 48.4 Rewrite each sentence using the word in brackets. 1 I'm fed up with him treating me as if I were stupid. [FOOL] 2 When people ask how the interview went, just answer calmly. [COOL] 3 I think he behaves dishonestly because he enjoys tricking people. [GAMES] 4 Some businesses behave dishonestly just to make more money. [DIRTY] English Idioms in Use Advanced 101 ·

49 Half 102 Meaning 'not full' or 'not complete' In a number of idioms, half conveys the idea of something not being complete or full. For example, if you listen to something with half an ear, you are not fully concentrating on it: I was listening to the radio with half an ear as I cooked dinner. Similarly, you might watch something with half an eye. If something is described as a half-baked scheme (informal), it has not been thought through fully: This is another half-baked scheme of the government. They haven't considered any of its implications. Half-measures are actions that will achieve only part of what they are intended to achieve: There can be no half-measures when confronting this serious problem. To have half a mind to do something is to think that you might do something (though you probably won't), often because someone or something has annoyed you: I can't believe my boss said that! I've half a mind to just walk out of the office and never come back. Note that I've a good mind to is an alternative form of this idiom. See Unit 57 for more idioms with mind. If someone doesn't know the half of it (informal), they know a little about something that happens, especially something bad, but they do not know everything about it: His mother thought she knew all about what happened when he was in Spain, but she doesn't know the half of it. If you meet someone halfway, you do some of the things that someone would like you to do in order to show that you want to reach an agreement or improve your relationship: I didn't want to spend a week at the conference, but I decided to meet my manager halfway and agreed to go for a couple of days. Half as emphasis Read these conversations and note the emphatic idioms. All of the idioms in this section are informal. A: Did you enjoy the party last night? B: Not half! [said to agree emphatically] A: It isn't half busy in here! [is very] B: You 're right. Let's go somewhere less crowded. A: It's important to keep a positive attitude when you're recovering from an operation. B: Yes, they say that's half the battle. [is the most difficult part of the process] A: That was a game and a half, wasn't it! [something very special, surprising or that took a long time] B: Yes, it was fantastic! A: Would you like to visit Canada again? B: Given half a chance, I'd move there tomorrow. [if I had the opportunity] A: Rachel is always correcting the teacher, isn't she? B: Yes, she's too clever by half. [confident and smart in an annoying way] English Idioms in Use Advanced

Exercises 49.1 Complete each idiom from A opposite. 1 Whoever thought up such a stupid, half- ........ .. .............. scheme? 2 I know we can't agree to all their requests, but I'd like to ..... .. .......... them halfway if possible. 3 I spent the evening reading the newspaper and watching TV with half an . 4 I've half a ................................................... to tell him exactly how unkind I think he's being! 5 They'll never solve the problem if they only try half-........ ................... .......... .. 6 The company is in very serious trouble. It's probably just as well that most of our employees don't .......... the half of it. 49.2 Correct the mistakes in these idioms. 1 Amy was doing a crossword and listening to the radio with half her ear. 2 Giving half a chance, I'd leave my job and stay at home with the children. 3 We had a really good plan, but Sophie pointed out all the things that were wrong with it. I find her just too clever in half. 4 Writers say that coming up with a good idea for a novel is half a battle. 5 I've the good mind to write a letter of complaint to your manager. 6 I'm a perfectionist. I have no time for half-measurements. 7 I know it's hard to compromise, but you should try to join him halfway. 49.3 Complete each dialogue with an idiom from the opposite page. 1 Sam: Pat's little brother seems very confident, doesn't he? Ben: He's ........... .............................. ................................. .. ....... in my opinion! 2 Daisy: Our new boss is really good-looking, isn't he? Laura: ..................... ! 3 Katy: Would you give up your job if you won the lottery? Mark: .... , I'd leave tomorrow, lottery or no lottery! 4 May: It ..................... . ........................ hot in here! Tim: Yes, it's boiling! 5 Ana: What a fantastic dinner they gave us! Rob: Yes, it was a meal . .. ........................................................... , wasn't it? 6 Lisa: Our boss has no idea what we get up to while he's away, does he? Meg: No, he 7 Ali: We need to stay focused if our business is going to succeed. Jamie: Yes, I'm sure that's . ................................ .. .................................... . 49.4 Replace the underlined part of each sentence with an idiom. 1 It's extremely noisy here - shall we go somewhere quieter? 2 Having a clear structure and plan for your essay is the most important thing. 3 It'll be to management's advantage to come to a compromise with the union. 4 There was a lot of bad behaviour on the school trip, but the teachers didn't find out about everything that happened. 5 Well, that was certainly an extremely long walk! English Idioms in Use Advanced 103

50 Two 104 People in pairs Read these problems from an on line problem page and note the informal idioms in the responses . ••• < > FIZZ SAYS... You've got problems? He's go My friend won't text, phone or see me now that I have a boyfriend. I think she's wrong to behave like this. My friend Rick and I are always in trouble at school. The teachers say we just mess about and act stupidly. Any advice? Fizz says: That makes two of us1. Your friend needs to accept your new boyfriend and act more like an adult. Fizz says: Sounds like you and Rick are two of a kind4 . My advice: stay away from each other at school. My boyfriend is chatting to girls he doesn't know on line, and I'm jealous. Should I chat to strangers on line too so he can see how I feel? My best friend is getting married next month, and I can't decide what to wear. Everything I try on looks terrible. What should I do? Fizz says: They say that two can play at that game2 , but it'd be better to tell him how you feel. Things have been going really badly with me Fizz says: Well, two heads are better than one5 - why not ask a friend or family member to help you choose something? and my girlfriend lately. She's always starting arguments. Any advice? My best friend has a new boyfriend, but I'm lonely. Should I ask if I can go out on dates with them? Fizz says: Remember, it takes two to tango3 . Maybe some of it is your fault. Fizz says: No. Remember, two's company, three's a crowd6 1 we have the same opinion about a situation 2 you can hurt that person in the same way they hurt you 3 both people are responsible for the bad situation 4 are very similar in character 5 it is better to have two people trying to solve the same problem 6 it's better that two people in a romantic situation should be alone Other idioms with two Young people these days just put/ stick two fingers up at1 authority. School tests cut both/ two ways2 : they let teachers monitor progress, but they also prevent teachers from teaching freely. Beata knows a thing or two about3 local history - let's ask her. Anger and frustration are two sides of the same coin4. 1 show that they are angry or have no respect (informal) 2 have positive and negative effects 3 knows a lot about (informal) 4 two different aspects of the same problem Other two idioms for people and things Don't ask me to dance - I've got two left feet1 ! When my parents first got married, they didn't have two pennies to rub together2 . Let's ask Mr Ross for a donation to the club. He's not short of a bob or two3 . Mobile phones are two a penny4 these days. In the 1980s, few people had one. When he heard he'd passed all his exams, he was like a dog with two tails5 . Gloria and Manuela are like two peas in a pod6 - you can tell they're sisters. Anna's so arrogant. She needs to be brought down a peg or two 7. 1 am a very bad dancer 2 were very poor 3 is quite rich (informal) 4 very common 5 very happy 6 very similar 7 have something happen to her to show her she is not as good as she thinks she is Language help Many idioms are informal. The ones marked informal here are particularly informal. Always make a special note about formality, and be careful not to use very informal idioms in formal writing. English Idioms in Use Advanced -

Exercises 50.1 Complete each idiom from A opposite. 1 Lois told our boss that I left work early yesterday, so I told the boss that she's looking for a new job. Two can .................................. ................................................................ . 2 The director and department head are both very arrogant. They're two 3 You hate meetings and I hate meetings, so that makes .............................................................. . 4 When a couple breaks up, it is hardly ever the fault of just one person. It takes 5 Lily, can you help me with this? Two heads . ............................... .. ............................ .. 6 I'm not going to the restaurant with Matt and Emily. I can see they want to be alone. Two's 50.2 Read these statements and answer the questions. •M,iS [!o, sorry. Ask someone else. I've got two left feet_. ____ ) %,&ii My cousin has just bought an amazing new house. She's not short of a bob or two. •i§ifi Sam has been like a dog with two tails since he got that new job. #Mn+ I just don't have two pennies to rub together these days. Who is ... 1 short of money? 2 a bad dancer? 3 talking about someone who has a lot of money? 4 talking about someone who is feeling very happy? 50.3 Which idioms do these pictures make you think of? 1 2 3 50.4 Rewrite the underlined part of each sentence using the word in brackets. 1 Richard is knowledgeable on the subject offinance. [THING] 2 Losing the race made him realise he wasn't as good as he thought. [PEG] 4 3 A lot of kids nowadays disrespect the police and do what they want. [FINGER] 4 Political power has positive and negative effects: it enables people to change things, but it tempts them to become corrupt too. [CUT] 5 Einstein saw time and space as two aspects of the same phenomenon. [COIN] 6 Satnav systems in cars are very common these days. [PENNY] English Idioms in Use Advanced 105

51 All - Having a chat 106 Clare: You look tired, Ella. Is everything OK? Ella: It's just our new neighbours. They come and go at all hours1 of the day and night. I don't know how my husband manages to sleep through it. But that's him all over2 - he sleeps really heavily, but I wake up each time they come in or out. Last night, they woke me up seven times, all told3! Clare: He sounds like my husband! Once he's asleep, the house could be burning down for all he cares4. Anyway, can't you speak to your neighbours about it? Ella: I've tried, and they're all smiles5. They apologise and say it won't happen again. It gets better for a day or two, but then it goes back to how it was. But how about you? Have you fully recovered from your operation? Clare: Almost, but I won't get the all-clear6 to go back to work for another couple of weeks, I don't think. Ella: Oh well. All in good time7! It won't be too long before it's all systems go8 again. 1 at all sorts of unusual times 2 that's typical of him (informal) 3 in total 4 and it wouldn't bother him 5 unexpectedly friendly and pleasant 6 get official permission, usually medical 7 you just have to be patient 8 everything is busy Other idioms with all idiom I example I meaning all in all All in all, I think the concert was a success. taking everything into consideration all or nothing Tim either loves something or hates it - it's all or completely or not at all nothing with him. to cap it all I've had a really stressful week, and to cap it all in addition to all the other bad I've got to work over the weekend. things that have happened in all but name Alice runs the business in all but name. existing as a fact, but not officially described that way an all-time Share prices reached an all-time high/ low a record high / low point high/ low yesterday. be all in the mind His doctor told him that he isn't really ill - his are imagined; not physically real symptoms are all in the mind. be all things to all The show would have been better if it hadn't please everyone even when this is men tried to be all things to all people. not possible all-singing, all- There's a new all-singing, all-dancing version of ambitious and modern, with lots dancing the software, but it's expensive. of special features English Idioms in Use Advanced

Exercises 51.1 Complete each idiom from A opposite with one word. 1 get the all- ............................... .. 2 be all 3 all systems 4 ................ all she cares 5 at all .............................................. . 6 all in ............. time 7 all ....................... . 8 that's him all 51.2 Complete each sentence with an idiom from 51.1. You may need to change the form of the verb. 1 The office never stops. It's .......... . from 8 am to 6 pm. 2 There were 18 of us for dinner, .................................................. . 3 Don't be in such a hurry to pass your driving test. .................................... ..................... . . ........................ ! 4 My sister isn't interested in what I'm doing. I could be homeless 5 Stefan went out to celebrate . ............................. . . ..... from his doctor. 6 Some parents allow their children to come home .............................. . ....................... ........ of the day and night. 7 My brother's really forgetful, so I'm not surprised he forgot your birthday . .... ! 8 My dad was really grumpy this morning, but ................................................. . . ............................... now. 51.3 Match the beginning of each sentence with its ending. 1 There are over a hundred thousand books in the library, all 2 The new government is trying to be all things to all 3 He claims that he is the boss of his company in all but 4 She's said some terrible things about me, but to my face she's all 5 The banks raised interest rates yesterday to an all-time 6 You can't give up smoking slowly - it has to be all or 51.4 Choose the correct idiom. D D D D D D 1 I want to get a new [all-time high/ all-singing, all-dancing/ all-clear] tablet. a high. b smiles. C told. d nothing. e name. f people. 2 I was late for work, I argued with my friend, and [in all but name/ all in good time/ to cap it all], my bike got stolen. 3 She's the head of the school [all in all/ all or nothing/ in all but name]. 4 They're trying to be [all things to all people/ all told/ at all hours], but it's an impossible aim. 5 The atmosphere at work seems to be at [an all-time low/ all or nothing/ all systems go]. 6 I've got 13 uncles, [in all but name/ all told/ all smiles]. 51.5 Correct the six mistakes with idioms in this email. • • Forward I'm training to be a vet, and I've got ten exams, all said, to prepare for. It means I've been studying at all minutes of the day and night. I'm exhausted, and to hat it all I've got three exams on the same day this week! I just want to relax and go on holiday, but all in nice time - I'll be finished next month. I told my friend I was feeling stressed, but he just laughed - that's him all off. He never takes anything seriously, and even when he's worried or anxious he's all smile. English idioms in Use Advanced 107

52 No 108 Conversational expressions using no I'll be home in next to no time1 . I found no end of 2 bargains in the sales. It'd help me no end3 if you did the shopping. She was spending money like there was no tomorrow4 . You must come to my party. I won't take no for an answer5. No prizes for guessing6 who arrived last. Let's ask her now. No time like the present7. Go and wash your hands. No ifs and buts8 . I'll help you. No strings attached9 , I promise. Don't believe their promises. There's no such thing as a free lunch10. Some parts of the city are no-go areas11 at night. He's not phoned or emailed, but no news is good news12 . She told me in no uncertain terms13 that she thought I was making a foolish mistake. 1 very quickly 2 lots of 3 very much 4 quickly 5 won't let you refuse to come 6 it's obvious 7 now is the perfect time 8 do it without arguing (usually used to a child) 9 there'll be no unpleasant or inconvenient demands 10 if someone gives you something, they always expect something in return 11 dangerous places 12 we'd hear something if there were a problem 13 strongly and directly No for dramatic effect Note these idioms with no. In each one, the idiom is used in place of a more direct word or expression. For example, Rome is no ordinary city actually means Rome is an extraordinary city. idiom I example I meaning be no oil painting Lottie is a beautiful woman, but her daughter is no oil painting. is not pretty be no spring She loves windsurfing and paragliding, even though she's no is not young any chicken spring chicken. more be no/ nobody's He'll never believe your lies - he's no/ nobody's fool. is clever and not fool easily deceived be no joke It's no joke driving on those steep, narrow mountain roads. is serious or difficult be no picnic Trekking across the desert in temperatures of over 40 degrees was difficult and was no picnic for the explorers. unpleasant English Idioms in Use Advanced I I I I

Exercises 52.1 When would you use the idioms in the box? Match the idioms with the situations. I won't take no for an answer! Go at once - no ifs and buts! No time like the present! There's no such thing as a free lunch! No news is good news! No strings attached - I promise! 1 Someone tells you about an email they received promising them a free dream holiday. 2 You are determined that someone will accept your invitation to dinner. 3 A friend asks you when to do something. You think they should do it immediately. 4 You want to reassure a friend that you won't ask anything in return for taking them to an expensive restaurant. 5 You want your child to go to bed immediately. 6 You want to reassure a friend who is worried that she hasn't heard from her teenage daughter who is travelling round Australia. 52.2 Read these statements and answer the questions. 1 Richard said it was no picnic for someone of his age to get used to a new job. Was it easy or difficult for Richard when he started his new job? 2 Lena is very nice, but she's no oil painting. Is Lena pretty? 3 John is very good at squash, even though he's no spring chicken. Is John still a young man? 4 People often laugh at Georgie, but she's nobody's fool. How easy would it be to deceive Georgie? 5 Luke's boss told him in no uncertain terms that he'd be dismissed immediately if he didn't work hard enough. How direct was Luke's boss with his threats? 6 It's no joke trying to bring up a family on the minimum wage. How easy is it to look after a family if your only income is the minimum wage? 52.3 Correct the mistakes in these idioms. 1 There's no such thing as a free gift. 2 She loves going shopping and spending like there's no future. 3 We were told in no uncertain words that we must always be punctual for work. 4 He said he would lend me €2,000 with no strings involved. 5 He's a very good squash player, even though he's no spring onion. 6 The new housing development caused no finish of problems. 52.4 Replace the underlined part of each sentence with an idiom. 1 The town was full of people partying madly on New Year's Eve. 2 You won't be surprised when I tell you who won the cookery competition. 3 The journey was very easy, and we got to our destination very quickly. 4 There are lots and lots of places to eat in our town. 5 The police have declared the zone a dangerous place. 6 It would help your grandma a lot if you cut the grass for her. English Idioms in Use Advanced 109

53 Hand 110 Positive situations In these comments, the speakers use an idiom to repeat and sum up what they say. He was the only candidate for the job, and he got it. It was handed to him on a plate1 . Our team played well from the start, and we soonhadtheupperhand~ I know she's arrogant, but she has broken three world records. You have to hand it to her3 ! Let's ask Ellie to be club president as she has so much experience. She's an old hand at4 running organisations. Laura's opponent in the badminton final played badly, so Laura won hands down5 . He's a great comedian. He had the audience eating out of the palm of his hand6 . 1 he got it very easily and did not have to work for it 2 gained power and control 3 you have to admire what she did, even if you don't admire everything about her 4 is very experienced at 5 won very easily 6 had complete control of them (You can also say he had the audience 'in the palm of his hand'.) Negative situations Refusing to speak to your uncle when he has been so generous to you is biting the hand that feeds you. [treating somebody badly who helps you in some way, often by giving you money] I'd like to pay you more, but my hands are tied. [I'm not free to do what I'd like to do] The minister's accidental reference to tax increases in an interview played into the opposition's hands. [unintentionally gave them an advantage] The government have rejected out of hand the allegation that torture has been used in prisons. [completely] If you lay a hand on me, I will report you to the police. [hurt or physically attack] He lost his job, then his house was flooded. Some people are dealt a lousy hand. [are very unlucky in life] They gave their opponents an advantage by naming the team before the final. They shouldn't have shown their hand so early. [told people their plans when they were a secret before] Very few people supported her. You could count them on the fingers of one hand. [they were very small in number] Other idioms with hand If you give someone a big hand, you applaud them by clapping. If you hand over the reins to someone, you give the power you had (for example, over a business or an organisation) to another person. If you say 'Her children are off her hands now. One is married and the other is at university', you mean she is not responsible for them any more. If you just sit on your hands, you do nothing about a problem that needs to be solved. If you say 'I know I have a map of Dublin somewhere, but I can't lay my hands on it at the moment', you mean you can't find it. If you ask someone to put their hand on their heart and tell you something, you ask them to tell you something truthfully. English Idioms in Use Advanced

Exercises 53.1 Complete each idiom from A opposite. 1 He doesn't know anything about business, but he's made a success of his Internet company -you have to ............................................... ........ .......................... him. 2 In the tennis final, Edward Roxley had the. and won easily. . ................................................ for the entire match 3 Katarina is always complaining that a lot of children with rich parents have everything handed to them ........................................................................... . 4 We scored 230 points. No other team got more than 120, so we won the competition 5 What a brilliant speaker! She had everyone eating .......................................... . . .................. ......... of her hand. 6 Adam is an ...................... . . ............ at dealing with lawyers - he used to be one himself! 53.2 Correct the mistakes in the idioms in these news cuttings. 1 3 5 By publishing their tax Youcancountonyour The minister claimed that plans a year before the fingers of one hand the her hand was tied by election, the opposition number of times this European regulations, and have shown hand too early. government has done that she could not act to anything to help the poor. change the situation. 2 Mr Mills has gone right 4 In court, the accused said 6 The minister of education into the hands of his critics he had never laid his hand rejected out off hand the by admitting that he made on anyone and denied the claim that small schools errors in the past. charges. would be closed. 53.3 Match the beginning of each sentence with its ending. 1 I think you've been dealt D a into the hands of your enemies. 2 It's crazy to bite D b off her hands and are independent. 3 My sister feels relieved that her kids are D c out of the palm of your hand. 4 If you do that, you'll play D d a lousy hand. You 've been unlucky. 5 You mustn't expect things to be handed D e the hand that feeds you. 6 You 've got everyone eating D f to you on a plate. 53.4 What would you say in these situations? Use an idiom from the opposite page in your answer. 1 You are the chairperson of an informal lecture. The guest speaker, Professor Wa rd, has given a wonderful lecture, and you want everyone to applaud her. 2 Someone asks if they can borrow your dictionary. You know you have one somewhere, but you can't find it at the moment. Explain. 3 Tell your colleagues that you think you should all do something positive about a bad situation instead of doing nothing. 4 You have been the secretary of a sports club for ten years. Tell the other members that you are ready to pass the job to someone else. 5 Your friend says they have never told a lie. Ask them if they would swear this is the truth. Over to Make a special page in your vocabulary notebook for hand idioms and see how many you can collect in one month. Check their meanings in a dictionary if you are not sure. English Idioms in Use Advanced ... 111

112 People and personalities In these conversations, the second speaker uses an idiom to repeat and sum up what the first speaker says. A: She's always dreamt of being a ballet dancer, hasn't she? B: Yes, it's been her heart's desire ever since she was three years old. A: She sometimes seems a bit rude, but she's very kind really. B: I know. She's got a heart of gold, hasn't she? A: The teacher is only strict with his students because he thinks it will help them. B: That's right. He only has their best interests at heart. A: Only the coldest, most unfeeling person could fail to be moved by such a sad story. B: I agree. You'd have to have a heart of stone not to be upset by it. A: The movement wants to attack our society's most important values. B: That's right. It aims to strike at the heart of freedom and democracy. A: I don't want to go to her party, but it would be unkind not to, don't you think? B: Yes, I don't have the heart to say no. A: Was Tania very upset when she told you about Henry leaving? B: Yes, she certainly was. She cried her heart out! A: I feel so sorry for everyone who lost their homes in the flood. B: Me too. My heart goes out to them. A: Jo says she's exhausted after going on that luxury cruise. B: My heart bleeds for her! [I don't feel sorry for her at all; this idiom is often used ironically to mean the opposite, but is sometimes used in a non-humorous way, e.g. 'My heart bleeds for the victims of the tragedy.'] Feelings • • < > Horoscopes You always show your emotions, but this week it would be better for you not to wear your heart on your sleeve 1. 0 Try not to show that your heart isn't in2 your work this week. You may find that things soon start to improve. @You say that you are not sure where your relationship is going, but in your heart of hearts3 you know that it is unlikely to last much longer. ® You don't want to hurt your friend by giving them some bad news, but it's important that you tell them soon. Harden your heart4 and do it now. You are worried about something difficult you have to do this week, but take heart5 - it won't be as bad as you expect. Your heart is in your boots6 when you think of all the work you have to do today, but just get on with it. Once you get started, you may even enjoy it. @ You keep telling someone close to you about their faults. Have a heart7! Tell them what you like about them too. 1 make your feelings obvious 2 you are not interested in 3 in your true, most secret thoughts 4 don't let your feelings stop you 5 don't be anxious or afraid 6 you feel unhappy 7 be kind English Idioms in Use Advanced

Exercises 54.1 Look at A opposite. Choose the correct answer. 1 If someone is very kind to others, do they have a) a heart of stone or b) a heart of gold? 2 If your heart bleeds for someone, does this always mean you feel sorry for them? a) Yes b) No 3 If you cry your heart out, are you a) shouting or b) sobbing? 4 If someone has your best interests at heart, are they concerned about a) your general well-being or b) your finances? 5 Is your heart more likely to go out to someone who is a) suffering or b) very successful? 6 Are you more likely to say 'I don't have the heart to' do something a) pleasant or b) unpleasant? 54.2 Correct the five mistakes with idioms in this post on an online problem page. I've been offered a job that all my friends and family think I should take. The problem is that in my heart of heart, I really don't want it. It's always been my heart's wish to leave this city and work abroad, but I don't get the heart to tell my family this, as I know they'll be upset. I know you will tell me to keep heart and be strong, but I really don't want to hurt them. After all, I know they have my best interests by heart. What should I do? 54.3 Replace the underlined part of each sentence with an idiom. 1 Don't expect so much of him - he's only four! Be kind to him! 2 You 'll only get hurt if you make your feelings so obvious. 3 He felt very miserable as he thought about the difficult week ahead. 4 You know your parents want what is best for you. 5 He showed her round the city, but she could tell that he was not really interested in it. 54.4 Complete the crossword. Across 3 Karl knew he hadn't studied enough, and his heart was in his .......... . ........................... as he entered the exam room. 6 So you only have two cars now, not three? My heart ................................................ for you. 7 He's trying to be enthusiastic, but you can tell his heart isn't really ............ .. .................... it. 9 Rosa was frightened, but she . ..................................... ......... her heart and entered the room. 10 When I saw the film about the refugees, my heart .......... .......................... ........... out to them, and I had to do something to help. Down 1 Kasia didn't have the heart refuse to help her little brother. 2 The article strikes....... ....................... . the heart of the problem when it talks about child poverty. 4 You always know how Daniela feels - she wears her heart on her ..... .. .............................. . 5 Few people in life are lucky enough to achieve their heart's ............... .................................. . 8 ..... heart, Irma! Lots of people fail their driving test the first time. 2 3 4 6 8 9 10 English Idioms in Use Advanced 5 7 113

114 Idioms with life Lucy: Did you have a good holiday in New Zealand? Sophie: Yes, thanks. We had the time of our life1! Did I tell you I bumped into my next-door neighbour there? I got the shock of my life2! Lucy: What a surprise! So, what did you do on holiday? Sophie: Lucy: We did lots of sailing, and my husband even went bungee jumping. Wow! That'd scare the life out of me3. Sophie: Me too. There's no way I'd risk life and limb4 like that. Anyway, we had some friends round last night, and he was the life and soul of the party5 , telling them all about his bungee jump. He claims he came within an inch of his life6 doing it! Lucy: Oh dear! Sophie: Still, we both feel we've got a new lease of life 7. Lucy: Oh, I'd love to go travelling and see life8 ! I'm going to make my husband's life a misery9 until he agrees that we can go to Canada. I've always wanted to go there. Sophie: Do you think he'll agree? Lucy: Of course. He'd do anything for a quiet life10! 1 enjoyed ourselves very much 2 was very shocked 7 become more energetic and active; can also be used to describe objects or places as seeming like new again 3 frighten me very much 8 experience different, often unexpected things 4 do something physically dangerous 5 was the centre of attention 9 make things difficult for someone, e.g. by talking about something all the time 6 nearly died 10 agree to anything to avoid problems Idioms with live idiom I example I meaning be/ live in a dream world live a charmed life live a lie live out of a suitcase live on borrowed time live to tell the tale live and let live He's living in a dream world if he thinks he'll become a famous pop star. James has lived a charmed life; everything he does works out well. You must tell her you're married - you can't go on living a lie. After a month sleeping on a friend's floor, Becky is tired of living out of a suitcase. The government is living on borrowed time at the moment and is unlikely to survive the next election. Our walking holiday was awful! We got lost on the mountains, and it rained all the time. But at least we lived to tell the tale. I wouldn't want to have as many pets as they do but, hey, live and let live! English Idioms in Use Advanced has unrealistic hopes (usually used in continuous form) been very lucky in life living dishonestly by pretending to be something that is not true not having a permanent place to live existing longer than expected successfully dealt with a difficult or frightening experience accept how others live and behave, even though it is different from your way of life

55.1 55.2 Exercises Look at A opposite. Match the beginning of each sentence with its ending. 1 Mum finally said I could go out - she'd do D a a misery if she spoke to the police. 2 When he retired, Steve got D b and soul of the party. 3 The children had the time D C her life when she saw the snake. 4 That film scared the life D d anything for a quiet life. 5 Firefighters risk life D e of their lives at the party. 6 Melanie is always the life D f and limb every day to help others. 7 He threatened to make her life D g out of me! 8 Ana got the shock of D h a new lease of life. Correct the mistakes in these idioms. 1 We were within a mile of our lives when the lightning struck the tree beside us. 2 I don't like cycling to work. I feel like I'm risking life and legs in all that traffic. 3 The operation has given my grandmother a new licence of life. 4 Taking your final exams won't be easy, but I'm sure you 'll live to tell the news. 5 Clare felt the shock of her life when she saw the police officer at her door. 6 Some people find living out of some luggage away from home very stressful. 7 The company chairman is living on lent time after the latest fall in profits. 8 Lewis is really shy and isn't usually the life and heart of the party. 55.3 Replace the underlined part of each sentence with an idiom. 1 Your life will be based on deceit if you don't tell him you were once in prison. 2 In this life, we have to accept people for what they are, even if they are very different from us. 3 Not many people have lived such a happy and successful life as Ed has. 4 We had a fantastic holiday in California last year. 5 Travelling is the best way to discover different things about the world. 6 The explorers faced many challenges in the Arctic but came back safely and told us all about it. 7 The sudden scream gave me a terrible fright. 8 Jess thinks she'll have a career as a model, but she's being totally unrealistic in my opinion. 9 The naughty child made things very unpleasant for his teacher. 10 The full service has made our old car feel like new again. 55.4 Complete each idiom with a preposition. 1 Ever since they lost the competition, United's coach has felt he is living borrowed time. 2 We were ............................................... .. an inch of our lives when the falling rock just missed our car. 3 I got the shock ...... . ...................... my life when I switched on the TV and saw my mum being interviewed. 4 Travelling round the world living .......... ..................... . of a suitcase can be exciting at first but soon loses its novelty. 5 I'm sure your parents will have the time .......................... . ........... their lives on the cruise. 6 My dad hates confrontation. I think he'd do anything ........... . ..... a quiet life! English Idioms in Use Advanced 115

56 Dead and death 116 Dead and death as the end of something or as failure In these conversations, the second speaker uses an idiom to react to what the first speaker says. A: I wanted to talk to you about your plan to start a hiking club. B: I don't want to talk about it. As far as I'm concerned, that idea is now dead and buried1 . A: It was a pity that house prices rose so much last year. B: Yes. That was the kiss of death to2 our plan to buy a place in the city centre. A: Did anything happen about that scheme to build a centre for the homeless? B: No. The city council ran out of money, and the whole plan is dead in the water3. A: I tried to buy Zoom magazine today but couldn't get it anywhere. B: Oh yes. That's as dead as a dodo4. They stopped publishing it about a year ago. A: Your committee doesn't seem to achieve much. Why is that? B: If you want my opinion, there's too much dead wood5. We need some new people. A: What happened to the party's manifesto for change? B: Oh, it's a dead duck6 • Everyone voted against it. A: Many companies are struggling financially at the moment. B: Yes. The economic recession has dealt a death blow7 to many small businesses. 1 finished or ended completely 2 event that caused our plan to fail (informal) 3 failed and will never succeed 4 not existing or popular or important any more (informal; a dodo is an extinct bird) 5 members of a group who are not useful any more and who should be removed 6 not successful or useful (informal) 7 an event that causes something to fail completely Other idioms with dead and death If you are dead to the world, you are in a deep sleep. If you are sick to death of something, you are annoyed by it because you have experienced it for too long. (You can also say 'bored or worried to death'.) If something is a fate worse than death (humorous), it is the worst thing that can happen to you. If someone endures a living death, they have a life so full of suffering that it would be better to be dead. If something is a matter of life and/ or death, it is a serious situation where people might die. If you do something in the dead of night, you do it in the middle of the night. If you say something will happen 'over my dead body!', you mean you will do everything you can to prevent it. If you say a vehicle, a building or a machine is a death trap, you think it is so dangerous it could cause people to die. If someone is at death's door, they are nearly dead. Language help There are many idioms based on dead and death in English. Make a special page for dead/ death idioms in your vocabulary notebook and record any new ones you find. English idioms in Use Advanced

Exercises 56.1 Rewrite the underlined part of each sentence using the word in brackets. 1 There are a lot of useless people in my office. They should sack some people. [WOOD] 2 Putting Joshua in charge was the event that caused the project to fail. [KISS] 3 His idea of building a plane and flying round the world has been abandoned. [DODO] 4 The old family quarrel has now ended completely, and they live in harmony. [BURIED] 5 The planning committee's decision was an event that caused the failure of the proposal to build the new airport. [BLOW] 56.2 Which dead or death idioms do these pictures make you think of? 1 3 5 2 4 6 56.3 Complete each sentence with an idiom from 56.2. 1 The burglars came ............................ .................................. . .................... , when everyone was steeping. 2 The bank refused to lend him the money. That was the.. . ....................................... to his plan to open a restaurant. 3 I was ........................ and didn't hear her enter the room. 4 The negotiations have broken down, and the deal is 5 I don't think people wilt pay to have their computers cleaned every three months. That idea is ..................................... ................................. if you ask me . 6 Poor old Jesse is ............................ . ............... . I don't think he'll last another year. 56.4 Correct the mistakes in the idioms. 1 You should only call an ambulance if it is the matter of death and life. 2 The thieves stole the painting in the death of night. 3 I am sick to the dead of people complaining alt the time. It's not my fault! 4 That old car is so dangerous. It's the dead trap. 5 Having to sit next to my boring uncle at the restaurant was the fate like death. 6 Many people suffered a death in life in prison camps during the civil war. 7 The council are planning to demolish my house to build a motorway. On my dead body! 8 There are too many dead woods on the school committee. They never do anything useful. English Idioms in Use Advanced 117

57 Mind 118 Mind as a noun Mind as a noun means 'thoughts' or 'imagination'. In these conversations, the second speaker uses an idiom to repeat and sum up what the first speaker says. A: I'm fed up with listening to the teacher and not doing anything, aren't you? B: Yes, I'm bored out of my mind. A: Emma should pass her maths exam, provided she makes an effort. B: Yes, she certainly should, if she puts her mind to it. A: The concert was absolutely spectacular, wasn't it! B: Yes, it blew my mind! A: No sane person would want to be prime minister. B: That's true. Nobody in their right mind would want that responsibility. A: He must be crazy to spend all that money on a car. B: Yes, he's out of his mind! A: I'm really tired of this boring party. Shall we go home? B: You read my mind - let's go! A: We must do something to stop your sister thinking about her operation tomorrow. B: Let's take her to the cinema. That should take her mind off it. A: I can't stop worrying about Hamid's accident. B: I know. It's been preying on my mind all day. A: I can't believe the wedding has been cancelled. They seemed so happy. B: Yes, I can't get my mind round it either! (You can also say 'I can't get my head round it'.) A: Whatever I say, he always brings the conversation back to sport! B: I know. He has a terrible one-track mind. A: Try to remember what happened next. B: I'm trying to cast my mind back, but I just can't remember a thing. A: Tell yourself you can do it, and you'll easily manage to swim that distance. B: I know. It's just a question of mind over matter. [your thoughts influencing your body] Mind as a verb Mind can also be a verb and is often used when warning people to be careful. A: My dad hates bad manners, so mind your Ps and Qs when you meet him. [be polite - p stands for please and q represents the /kju:/ sound at the end of thank you] B: Don't worry! I will. A: The pavement is very uneven here. B: Yes, you need to mind your step. [walk carefully] A: Why did you come back so late last night? B: Mind your own business! [it's got nothing to do with you] A: See you later, Grandma. B: OK. Mind how you go! [take care; used when saying goodbye (informal)] A: Nathan doesn't trust his colleagues. He thinks they're telling lies about him to his boss. B: Yes, he needs to mind his back in that office. [be careful because others are trying to cause problems for him; you can also say 'watch your back'] English Idioms in Use Advanced

Exercises 57 .1 Are the idioms in these sentences used correctly? If not, correct them. 1 Nobody in their correct mind would lend him money again. He never pays it back. 2 Ben had always said he wanted to study law, so his mother is finding it hard to get her mind round his decision to leave university and join a rock band. 3 He's always talking about cars. I've never met anyone with such a one-way mind. 4 I'm sure you can mend your own bike if you put your mind to it. 5 What can we do to take Marco's mind out of his problems? 6 Now, I'd like you alt to throw your mind back to your very first day at school. 57 .2 Complete each dialogue with an idiom from the opposite page. 1 Max: I'm off now then. See you in a couple of hours. Beth: Bye. ....... .......................... . ............... . 2 Harry: You 've bought another pair of shoes?! How much were they? Tina: ........................ ................................ . ....... ! 3 Nathan: Why are you yawning? Molly: I'm ........................................................ . 4 Lisa: I'm thinking of taking a year off to cycle round the world. Rita: You must be ............ ...................................................................................... ! 5 Joe: Were you able to forget about the exam today? Lou: No, it's ...................... .................................. ........................................ alt day. 6 Police officer: Please ....................... ............................... . ................................... and tell us exactly what happened on the night in question. Tess: Welt, it's a tong time ago now ... 57 .3 Which idioms do these pictures make you think of? Complete the captions. 1 3 He needs to ................ . Come on - ...................................... ! 2 4 ~- * , ~ *• • _r\ . .. • . . i' (I • . . ,, I can That singer . ..................... ......................... ! 57 .4 Replace the underlined part of each sentence with an idiom. 1 Walk carefully on the ice - it's very slippery. 2 The actor's performance was amazing! 3 It goes without saying that you should always be very polite at an interview. 4 People who drink and drive must be totally crazy. 5 My twin brother can tell exactly what I'm thinking. 6 I'm always so bored in physics lessons! 7 Their argument worried Freya for a long time. 8 You 'll find it quite easy to learn the guitar if you make a bit of an effort. English Idioms in Use Advanced 119

58 Hard 120 Problems ••• ••• F fl' r Dear Bella Dear Bella I've just started working in a clothes shop, but it's proving much harder than I had bargained for 1. I've realised that I'm no good at giving people the hard sell2, and there don't seem to be any hard-and-fast rules3 for what I should be doing. I thought I would love it, but I'm finding it really hard going4 . Will it get better or My partner and I have just split up. It was a mutual decision, and we agreed there would be no hard feelings5 , but it has hit me much harder6 than I expected. My ex seems to be going out a lot and is perfectly happy, which I find hard to swallow7 . Am I being unreasonable? Ali ••• f r Dear Bella is this it? I lost my job last month, so my family has fallen on hard times8 . My wife is still working, but we're struggling, and we're really hard up9. I'm finding it difficult to find a new job, and I'm hard put10 to see a solution. What should I do? Liz Simon 1 more difficult than expected 2 trying very hard to persuade people to buy something 3 clear rules 4 difficult and tiring 5 no anger towards each other 6 affected me much worse 7 difficult to accept 8 are finding life difficult through lack of money 9 without much money 10 finding it difficult More problems Read what six people say about their problems. My younger sister trusts people too easily, but I guess she will learn the hard way1 that things are not always what they seem. I hate dealing with salespeople. They always try to drive a hard bargain2 , and I'm not very good at saying no! I've got far too much work this week. I'll be hard-pressed3 to get it all finished, and I'm worried my boss will be angry if I don't manage. I want to go to Australia this summer, so I need to persuade my boss to let me have three weeks off work. It will be a hard nut to crack4, but I'm going to try. My flatmate complains if I ask him to help clean the flat. He always seems to make hard work of 5 anything I ask him to do! My brother doesn't have a job, and he feels hard done by6 because I've got more money than him. I work hard, though, so I don't think it's unfair! 1 discover something through a difficult experience 2 demand a lot in exchange for the service given 3 find it difficult 4 a difficult problem to solve 5 make something into a major problem 6 unfairly treated English Idioms in Use Advanced

Exercises 58.1 Correct the mistakes in these idioms from A opposite. 1 I hate it when people try to give you the hard sale over the phone. 2 Her grandfather's illness has really struck her very hard. 3 I'm so glad we're friends again. No hard feels, OK? 4 Walking home in the heavy snow was really hard go. 5 I find his constant criticism of me very hard to drink. 6 Learning how to skate turned out to be much harder than Nina had bargained by. 58.2 Read this post on an online problem page. Are these sentences true or false? If the answer is false, say why. I'm feeling very hard-pressed at work at the moment. I have a long report to finish, but I'll be hard put to get it done in time. I'd love to hand in my notice, but I'm far too hard up to be able to manage without a salary even for a week or two. I guess I'm learning the hard way that money doesn't grow on trees! Can you help me? Kira 1 Kira is very busy at work. 2 She will easily meet her deadline for the report. 3 She can't afford to leave her job. 4 She is learning a fun lesson about life. 58.3 Complete each idiom. 1 ................................................... on hard times 2 a hard ................................................ to crack 3 hard to ............................................... . 4 ................................................ a hard bargain 5 hard-and- ................................................... rules 6 learn the hard .. .............................................. . 7 ................... .............................. hard work of 8 feel hard .................... .............. by 58.4 Complete each sentence with an idiom from 58.3. You may need to change the form of the verb. 1 The truth is unpleasant, and I'm worried you'll find it ......................................................................................... . 2 Although Jack's grandfather used to be rich, he ................................................................... and the family lived in poverty. 3 There are no like these. ...................... as to how you should behave in circumstances 4 I'm sure Lydia will . . ................................................................... when she discovers that her uncle has bought her twin sister a new sports car. 5 Children eventually ................................... . .... that life is not always fair. 6 I have no idea how we're going to solve this problem. It's going to be ......................................................................................... ,I'm sure. 7 Ruby always complains and seems to ......... . ................................ ............. any little problem. 8 You want me to reduce the price by £200? You certainly ...... . Over to v 1 )!J Look up hard in the Cambridge Idioms Dictionary at http://dictionary.cambridge.org/. Make a note of three other interesting idioms that you find there. Write them down in example sentences. English Idioms in Use Advanced 121

59 Fall - When things go wrong Many idioms with fall refer to situations where things go wrong, people encounter problems, or where something fails. Read these news cuttings and note the idioms. The minister of education seems to have fallen from grace1 . There are rumours that the president is planning to sack her next week when ... Occasionally, secret documents fall into the wrong hands2 and national security is threatened. One such case has raised fears ... Last year, a petition with 10,000 signatures demanding an end to the tax fell on deaf ears3, so yesterday protesters took to the streets and ... The village carnival fell foul of 5 health and safety regulations and was cancelled. A spokesperson said that ... The minister's statement fell short of6 an apology, though he did admit that some ... The government has fallen into the trap of7 creating committee after committee, thinking chat will solve the problems of social ... House prices have fallen through the floor4 in the last six months, leaving many homeowners worrying about how ... The global banking system seemed to be falling apart at the seams8 in 2009 ... 1 done something which made people in authority stop liking or admiring them 2 the wrong people obtain and control them 3 was ignored 4 d rapped to a very low level 5 broke a law or regulation 6 did not come up to the standard of 7 done something which seemed like a good idea but was not wise 8 be in a very bad state and about to fail 1111111 Other idioms with fall 122 People were falling over themselves to volunteer as helpers for the president's visit. [very keen and eager] She never seems to have to work to get what she wants. Everything just seems to fall/ drop into her lap. [happen or be given to her without any effort on her part] Fabio seems to have fallen for Elena hook, line and sinker! [fallen madly in love with] My colleagues at the office played a joke on me, and l fell for it hook, line and sinker. [completely believed something which was not true] I'm afraid you will have to fall into line and accept the company's rules and policy. [start to accept the rules of an organisation] Here are two proverbs which include fa//: Pride comes before a fall. [if someone is too confident or arrogant, something bad will happen, which will show that they are not as good as they think they are] The bigger they are/ come, the harder they fall. [the more power or success someone has, the harder it will be for them to lose it] See Unit 11 for more proverbs. English Idioms in Use Advanced

Exercises 59.1 Complete the emails with idioms from A opposite. 1 2 ••• Hi Azmah You asked why the new computers were so cheap. Well, silicon chip prices have fallen ........................................... the . this year, so prices have come down a lot. Good news, eh? Jo 3 4 ••• Rfil11)1 Dear Elsa As you know, the project seems to be falling seams, and we're in danger of losing a lot of money. We need to keep an eye on the situation. Carmen ••• Enda ••• f..Qf\'l.illj Dear all I'm afraid our request to management for more staff has fallen on .............................................. . A memory stick with sensitive information on it is missing. We don't want it to fall into ............. . ............................................. , and we're just going to have to cope with present staff levels. Sorry. Archie Can you all check your desks, please? It's vital that we find it. Brian 59.2 Rewrite the underlined part of each sentence using the word in brackets. 1 It seems that the prime minister's special adviser, Lily Sparks, is not liked or respected any more, and she is expected to resign soon. [GRACE] 2 Everyone had to accept the decision and work longer hours for the same pay. [LINE] 3 The deal broke the export regulations and had to be cancelled at the last minute. [FOUL] 4 The report is not really an outright condemnation of the government's actions, but it does contain strong criticism. [SHORT] 59.3 Complete each idiom. 1 I didn't realise she was deceiving me, and I fell for it hook, .................................................................................. .. 2 It looks as if the whole system is falling apart ................ .. 3 I didn't really have to do anything to get the job. It just fell ........... .................. .. 4 Sara may not like the new rules, but she'll just have to ....... 59.4 Answer these questions. 1 What is the difference between falling for something hook, line and sinker and falling for a person hook, line and sinker? 2 What proverb could you use about someone who is over-confident and arrogant, and you suspect something bad will happen to them as a result? 3 True or false? If someone falls over themselves to do something, it means they have an accident. 4 What proverb could you use about a billionaire who lost all their money in one day and had to beg in the streets? English Idioms in Use Advanced 123

60 Own 124 Own as adjective, noun and verb Own is frequently used as an adjective: She's a woman after my own heart. [having the same opinions or interests as me] Own is occasionally used as a noun: Bicycles come into their own in rush hour, as they end up moving much faster than cars or buses. [are very useful or successful in a particular situation] Own can also be used as a verb: She's only worked here for a week, but she behaves as if she owns the place. [in an unpleasantly confident way] Own suggesting acting independently idiom I example I meaning be your own person take matters into your own hands in your own time save your own skin go their own ways hold your own Rajiv is his own person. Nobody can make him do anything he doesn't want to. The police didn't do anything about the situation, so we decided to take matters into our own hands. There's no need to hurry. Just give me an answer in your own time. Don't expect her to support you - she's only wants to save her own skin. They've decided they can't live together any longer and are going to go their own ways. Fazia is only 14, but she can hold her own in any adult conversation. Own in idioms criticising people Pilar: Mario's always saying how wonderful he is. Maya: I know. He never stops blowing his own trumpet. Pilar: His behaviour will cause him a lot of trouble. Maya: Yes, he's digging his own grave, isn't he! Pilar: It's his own fault that he's so unpopular. Maya: I know, it's of his own making. behaves as he wants to without being influenced by others deal with something ourselves because others are failing to act when you are ready protect herself from danger or difficulty, regardless of others separate (verb) be as successful as anyone else Pilar: Everyone thinks he's using his position to make money dishonestly. Maya: Yes, they suspect him of feathering his own nest. Pilar: The trouble is, it encourages others to use the same methods as he does. Maya: That's right. I suppose they're trying to play him at his own game. Pilar: Yes, they want to get revenge by showing him how unpleasant it is. Maya: That's exactly it. They're trying to get their own back. Language help We always use own with a possessive form before it (e.g. his own making), not an article, e.g. the or an. The only exception to this rule is the idiom an own goal, e.g. 'The government's decision to raise taxes just before the election was very much an own goal.' [something which helped the other side rather than themselves] English Idioms in Use Advanced

Exercises 60.1 Choose the correct word to complete each idiom. I like Tina. She's her own [girl / person]. In fact, she's very much a woman after my own [heart / head]. But I'm not keen on her boyfriend, Karl. He's always blowing his own [trumpet / trombone], and when they come to my flat, he behaves as if he owns the [space / place]. I think it's time they went their own [roads / ways]. In fact, I really think she'd [come / get] into her own if they did. 60.2 Replace the underlined part of each sentence with an idiom. 1 I must think of a way of taking my revenge on Matt for playing that trick on me. 2 He told the police who had really planned the burglary in order to get out of trouble himself. 3 Tim was smaller than the other judo players, but he was as successful as anyone else. 4 You're making trouble for yourself by putting your boss in such a difficult position. 5 If women want to succeed in politics, they have to use the same methods as men. 60.3 Complete the crossword. ~ Across 2 The newspaper accused the politician of 2 trying to ......... his own nest. 4 You can't blame him for trying to save his own ................................................... . He really 4 can't afford to lose his job. 3 5 You're ................................................... your own grave - by going on strike. 9 My problems may be ................................ . my own making, but that doesn't make it any easier. 10 Just answer in your own ............................................. . There's no rush. 11 The company has managed to 1 5 I 110 I ................................................... its own, despite fierce competition. Down 6 7 8 9 11 I 1 I admire Faye for always being her own ...................................... ........... , even when it makes her unpopular. 3 If the town council has no plans to improve the appearance of our street, why don't we take matters into our own ..... . ....................... ...... ? 6 If we want to beat our competitors, we'll have to play them at their own .... 7 Henry had never been to such a luxurious hotel before, but he walked in as ......................................... . he owned the place. 8 I'm afraid I scored an own ................... . . ................ when I told my boss that I didn't really need a pay rise. Over to Note uses of own that you see in the course of your reading over the next week. In each case, think about whether it is being used ordinarily or idiomatically and write down any new idiomatic uses of own that you find. I English Idioms in Use Advanced 125

126 Key Unit 1 1.1 In 2009, I set off (phrasal verb) on a long journey. As I left my house, my neighbour shouted, 'Good luck!' (greetings and good wishes) I didn't know at that moment (prepositional phrase) that I would not see him again for three years. I boarded the plane (collocation) at Heathrow, and soon it took off (phrasal verb) for Malaysia. When we touched down (phrasal verb) in Kuala Lumpur, I couldn't wait to get off (phrasal verb) the plane. I took a bus (collocation) to the city centre (compound) and spent the night (collocation) at a youth hostel (compound). The first person I met was someone I had been at school (prepositional phrase) with years ago. 'It's a small world!' (saying or proverb) he said when he saw me. 1.2 My friend suggested that we join forces. 'There's safety in numbers,' he said. 'Let's hit the road together.' I was in two minds whether to go with him but finally decided to say yes. We travelled together for six months and had a whale of a time. We spent money like there was no tomorrow. I had to twist my dad's arm and persuade him to send me some more money so I could travel further. 1.3 1 c) a flash in the pan 2 b) taken a shine to 3 c) safe and sound 4 b) put my foot in it 5 b) as quiet as a mouse 1.4 1 b 2 C 3 a 4 a Unit 2 2.1 1 False. Many idioms stay in frequent usage for a long time. 2 True. 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 True. 4 True. 5 False. Headline writers often play with idioms for humorous or dramatic effect, or to catch the reader's eye. 6 False. They can be found in most types of speaking and writing (although they may be more frequent in some types, such as popular journalism and informal conversation). 7 True. 8 False. Idioms are used in academic writing, although these idioms are different from typical idioms used in speech or informal writing. 1 shape 4 effect 2 licking 5 course 3 stone 6 pricked 1 go up in the world 3 prick up your ears 2 lick your wounds 4 open the door to 1 a mountain-climbing organisation 2 a boxing club 3 be patient 4 the person's conscience 5 a hi-fi company English Idioms in Use Advanced

Unit3 3.1 1 It gives information - where necessary - about the usage of the idiom (e.g. whether it is used in a literary or an informal context), and it gives examples of the idiom in a typical context. 2 There are over 1 billion words of international English (e.g. British, American and Australian) taken from both spoken and written contexts. 3 It is informal. 3.2 1 slang (Get off your backside means 'stop being lazy'.) 2 formal (Have occasion to do something means 'need to do something'.) 3 offensive (The shit hits the fan means 'a situation causes a lot of trouble'.) 4 informal (Know something inside out means 'know everything about a subject'.) 5 litera ry (Not soil your hands means 'not become involved in something unpleasant or bad'.) 6 old-fashioned (Send someone to Coventry means 'refuse to speak to someone as a punishment'.) 7 humorous (Pigs might fly means 'there is no chance at all of something happening'.) 3.3 1 Henry will help you deal with these forms. He knows the system inside out. 2 They think he's the boss of the criminal gang, but he never soils his hands by committing crimes personally. 3 Joey can be so lazy. I wish he'd get off his backside. 4 'I won't be late to work ever again.' 'Oh yes, and pigs might fly!' 5 If Greg finds out what you 've done, the shit will hit the fan. 6 I live very close to the hospital, but luckily I've never had occasion to go there. 7 She had lied to them, and so they sent her to Coventry. 3.4 At the time of writing, the Phrase Finder website gives a definition of the phrase, and a long description of its origin and history. The search engine Google finds 20,900,00 sites using t his idiom. A search for 'like it or lump it news' gets 32,400,00 results. Some of these sites directly discuss the idiom, while many provide examples of it in a range of different contexts. 3.5 SPORTS MINISTER HOPPING MAD John Hamilton has made a name for himself by running a tight ship at the Ministry of Sport. So it was no surprise to his staff that he reportedly 'went spare' when he learnt what had been going on behind his back. Two of his leading advisors had been feathering their own nests with government money intended for young people's sports organisations. 'Such behaviour~ quite beyond the pale,' said Hamilton, 'and the two people concerned have already been given the sack'. Meaning of idioms from 'Sports Minister Hopping Mad': hopping mad= very angry make a name for = become famous or respected for run a tight ship= control something firmly and effectively go spare= be extremely angry behind someone's back= without someone knowing feather your own nest= dishonestly use your position to get money for yourself be beyond the pale= be unacceptable be given the sack= be dismissed from your job Unit4 4.1 1 They make a comparison. 2 In literary writing, e.g. poetry 3 Those used in literary contexts are original, and the comparison is intended to make the reader think; those used in idioms have become so much part of the language that speakers rarely still notice the original comparison. 4 It can help to make sense of the meaning of the idiom, and thinking about the image underlying the idiom may help you to learn and remember the idiom. English Idioms in Use Advanced 127

4.2 1 have something up your sleeve 2 get/ be given your marching orders/ pull rank on 3 uncharted waters 4 take centre stage 4.3 1 minefield 5 point, light 2 launch 6 pull 3 mark 7 at 4 see 8 bluff 4.4 1 Everyone else was laughing, but Katie couldn't see the joke. 2 Eva is going/ getting nowhere with her research. 3 BritTel is going to join forces with SatCom to lobby the government. 4 The teacher saw red when Matt refused to do his homework. 5 The errors in the report really weren't Sam's fault, but he took/ got the flak for them. 6 Tina is hoping her father will eventually see reason/ sense and let her drive the family car. 7 Unfortunately, my brother's transport business was a casualty of the rise in fuel prices. 8 As the president of a major company, Ross is used to taking centre stage. Unit 5 5.1 1 from the cradle to the grave 2 to clip someone's wings 3 the tip of the iceberg 4 out of your own pocket 5.2 1 My sister is always buying up-to-the-minute gadgets. 2 Correct. 3 My grandad's always talking about the good old days. 4 They've been engaged for six months but haven't made any plans about when they're going to tie the knot. 5 Correct. 6 Engineering isn't the kind of job that every Tom, Dick or Harry could do. 5.3 1 mountain 2 numbered 3 spirit 4 pocket 5 bear 5.4 1 You'll pass your driving test if you really want to - where there's a will, there's a way. 2 I get bored if I always do the same things at the weekend - variety is the spice of life. 3 Sh! Be quiet! There's no need to talk at the top of your voice. 4 He never saves any money. He spends whatever he has. Easy come, easy go is his motto. 5 I was so upset when I failed the exam. I cried my eyes out. 6 She's a total optimist - she always manages to look on /seethe bright side. Unit 6 6.1 1 be blown away by 2 be on the same wavelength 3 fringe benefits 6.2 1 Fringe benefits are extra benefits you get with a job apart from your pay, and a fringe is hair that hangs down over your forehead. 2 Non-digital radio stations broadcast their programmes on particular FM or AM wavelengths. If two people are on the same wavelength, they think in the same way. 128 English Idioms in Use Advanced

3 If you are blown away by a performance, you are amazed and impressed because it is so good. A trumpet is an example of a wind instrument. A strong wind can also 'blow you away'. 4 Part and parcel refers to a necessary part of the job, and postmen have to deliver parcels. 5 Film stars act, and get your act together means to organise yourself and resolve a problem. 6.3 1 The money was burning a hole in my pocket. 2 Her two brothers don't see eye to eye and haven't spoken to each other for over a year. 3 Learning how to manage your finances is part and parcel of becoming an adult. 4 It's time you got your act together and found a job! 5 The president refused to make a decision and was accused of sitting on the fence. 6 My computer crashed, so I'm back to square one with my assignment. 6.4 1 C 2 d 3 a 4 b 7.1 7.2 Over to you Possible answers: it never rains but it pours: a company that makes raincoats, umbrellas or wellington boots fighting fit: a judo club, a boxing club, a gym two left feet: a dance school Unit 7 1 catch 5 worth 2 fresh 6 thousand 3 dropped 7 throw 4 bat 1 us 5 us 2 Britain 6 Britain 3 Britain 7 Britain 4 us 7 .3 1 You have to pay the deposit for hiring the boat in hard cash. (British) 2 Rhiannon and her sister have always fought like cats and dogs. (US) 3 It was such a sad film/ movie - I cried buckets. (US) 4 There's a lot of donkey work to be done before we can open the new restaurant. (British) 5 Having such perfect weather on holiday was the icing on the cake. (British) 6 Having to stay late at work on a holiday weekend really took the cake. (US) 7 What's happened? You look like the cat that ate the canary. (US) 7 .4 1 donkey work 2 the icing/ frosting on the cake 3 fight like cat and dog/ like cats and dogs Unit 8 8.1 1 You have to be prepared to go the extra mile if you want to get promoted. 2 Correct. 3 This shampoo is great - it does exactly what it says on the tin. 4 I'd never share an apartment with her - she'd be the flatmate from hell. 5 Correct. 8.2 1 Too much information 2 whatever floats your boat 3 bigtime 4 I'm cool with that 5 Don't even go there 6 End of English Idioms in Use Advanced 129

130 8.3 1 doesn't float my boat 2 fall off the radar 3 go the extra mile 4 big time 8.4 Possible answers: 9.1 9.2 1 This doesn't make sense - it would be annoying or upsetting to live next door to the neighbours from hell. 2 This doesn't make sense - being happy about something is the same as being cool with it. 3 This makes sense, as loving the painter's work is the opposite of it not floating the speaker's boat. 4 This doesn't make sense - nailing jelly to a wall means that something is hard to do; if someone is honest and open, then it is easy to see and understand their feelings and opinions. Unit 9 1 My new dress fits like a glove. 2 You 'll need to run like the wind to catch the train. 3 She's as thin as a rake. 4 Ana always looks as fresh as a daisy. 5 He drove off like a maniac. 6 Her mouth felt as dry as a bone. 7 Their son is as bright as a button. 8 Her hair felt as smooth as silk. 1 dust 4 a bone 2 crystal 5 mud 3 thieves 9.3 1 Tom and Rosa have been fighting like cat and dog recently. 2 Amy went as red as a beetroot when Lasse commented on her new dress. 3 When our teacher asks the class a difficult question, Hatsuki usually answers as quick as a flash . 4 It was early Sunday morning, and the house was as silent as the grave. 5 Emma was all over Jakob like a rash at the barbecue last week. 6 All her sisters are as poor as church mice. (Notice how this simile is made plural to match the plural subject.) 7 Caterina felt as fresh as a daisy after her shower. 8 The students in my class are great - hardworking, punctual and keen as mustard. 9.4 1 Yes, he had a face like thunder. 2 Yes, he's as stubborn as a mule. 3 Yes, he was driving like a maniac. Unit 10 10.1 black and blue neck and neck little by little bumper to bumper here, there and everywhere 4 Yes, I've been working like a dog. 5 Yes, she's as keen as mustard. give or take (Notice that we also say give and take, but it has a different meaning: For a relationship to work, you need a lot of give and take. [compromise]) nook and cranny hit and miss (Hit or miss is also possible and has the same meaning.) neat and tidy wear and tear English Idioms in Use Advanced

10.2 1 bumper to bumper 5 nook and cranny 2 here, there and everywhere 6 neat and tidy 3 wear and tear 7 neck and neck 4 little by little 8 give or take 10.3 1 'The hustle and bustle of market day.' 2 'He's a United supporter through and through.' 3 'Heads or tails?' 4 'Her two dogs are like chalk and cheese.' 10.4 1 People started to enter the room in dribs and drabs. 2 Jack's commitment to work waxed and waned throughout the year. 3 Have a few days' rest and you 'll be out and about in no time. 4 I've told him time after time (also time and time again) not to leave his car unlocked. 5 The work required a lot of blood, sweat and tears, but it was worth it. 6 The whole team's been at sixes and sevens since Kay resigned. 7 I keep dropping things today - I'm all fingers and thumbs. 8 My mum and I are like chalk and cheese, but we get on well. Unit 11 11.1 1 e 2 d 3 a 11.2 1 It takes two to tango. 2 It never rains but it pours. 3 All's fair in love and war. 4 b 5 C 4 Every cloud has a silver lining. 5 Rome wasn't built in a day. 6 Where there's a will, there's a way. 11.3 1 We had no tent, so we made a shelter out of branches and leaves to protect ourselves from the storm. It was a case of necessity is the mother of invention. 2 I'm doing three jobs at the moment to pay for my studies. Still, they say that variety is the spice of life! 3 I went to the gym every day for three months and felt so much fitter. It was very hard work but no pain, no gain. 4 I decided that bungee jumping was too dangerous and didn't go with my friends - better to be safe than sorry. 5 We've got ten laptops at half-price. But hurry - it's first come, first served. 6 Three big bills at the same time? It never rains but it pours! 11.4 1 When we got there, they had given away all the free tickets. It was a case of first come, first served. 2 Take your time and don't be impatient. Rome wasn't built in a day! 12.1 3 It's a shame you missed your flight, but at least we can spend more time together. They do say every cloud has a silver lining. 4 All my problems seem to come at the same time. It's true what they say: it never rains but it pours! 5 It's going to be a lot of hard work, but nothing ventured, nothing gained. 6 They are both in the wrong. It takes two to tango. Unit 12 1 the fat lady 4 fish 7 a horse 2 enough 5 bliss 8 it will out 3 the bright side 6 after the event 12.2 1 B: No, I promise. Mum's the word. 2 B: That's not fair! Give me a break! It's only the third time this week. 3 B: Hmm. I'll believe it when I see it. English Idioms in Use Advanced 131

132 4 A: 5 B: 6 B: 7 B: 8 B: 9 B: Get your skates on! We need to leave in five minutes. Not at all. Good riddance! Take it easy! Don't panic! I'll help you if you like. Just give her a break. It's only her second day here. So far, so good. But it's early days yet. I don't know but I'm sure we'll find out. Truth will out. 12.3 1 Give me a break! 13.1 13.2 13.3 2 There are plenty more fish in the sea. 3 So far, so good. 4 It's not over until the fat lady sings. 5 Truth will out. 6 Mum's the word. Note that mum in this expression has nothing to do with mothers. It comes from an old word meaning 'silent'. Over to you Possible answers: Any friend of yours is a friend of mine: I like you, so I am sure I will like any friend of yours too. Beauty is only skin deep: People who are good-looking do not always have good characters. Money is the root of all evil: The reason people do illegal and immoral things is often money. A: Would it be all right if I bring my friend Jack to your birthday party? B: Of course. Any friend of yours is a friend of mine. A: I'm amazed that someone so beautiful can say and do such terrible things. B: Well, beauty is only skin deep, remember. A: I just can't understand why anyone would want to set fire to their own house. B: Well, money is the root of all evil. Perhaps they were hoping to claim on the insurance. Unit 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 We don't receive many complaints, so we just deal with them on an ad hoc basis. They are now the de facto government and will remain in power until the election results are finalised. This sentence in your essay is a non sequitur - it's not logically connected to your previous point. I could go on ad infinitum about the advantages of moving to the countryside. Whenever a new person takes over as manager, they disturb the status quo, at least to some extent. His lawyer claims he wasn't fully compos mentis when he admitted he was guilty. There were no opportunities for discussion. The reform was presented as a fait accompli. All players must be au fait with the rules of the game. I can't come out tonight because I have to work late. Oh well, c'est la vie. Of course I love being a movie star, but I must say that awards ceremonies are my bete noire. So Dan has been arguing with his boss again. Plus ~a change! A lot of the parents are not very happy about the new headmaster's laissez-faire attitude to behaviour. False. A laissez-faire approach is relaxed. False. A de facto leader is a leader who has not been officially recognised as such. True. False. It is important not to include non sequiturs in your writing. True. False. If you are compos mentis, you are in control of your actions. False. A fait accompli is a completed action that cannot be changed. True. English Idioms in Use Advanced

14.1 14.2 14.3 Over to you Possible answers: cream of the cream - the creme de la creme The expression is used to describe the very best examples of people or things; the cream sits on top of the milk. it does not follow - non sequitur The expression is used to refer to a statement which does not follow on logically from what was previously said. a done deed - a fait accompli If a deed is done, then it cannot be changed. Note that we do also use the expression a done deed. Unit 14 1 a 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 b 6 a 7 b 8 a 9 b 1 deck 3 in 5 high 7 storm 2 wind 4 taken 6 board 8 weathering 1 C 3 e 5 b 2 f 4 a 6 d 14.4 1 I try to give the city centre a wide berth on Saturdays if I possibly can. 2 Jaime's mother was taken aback by his decision to leave school. 3 Amy's plans to buy a new car went by the board when she lost her job. 4 Their relationship has been on the rocks for some months. 5 Asim runs a tight ship. 6 The cost of home insurance has risen in the wake of last summer's floods. 7 We were left high and dry when the babysitter didn't turn up. 8 I know it's been hard for you, but I'm sure you'll weather the storm. Unit 15 15.1 1 warpath 2 bombshell 15.2 shoot down in flames baptism of fire a flash in the pan 15.3 1 hang/ hold fire 2 baptism of fire 3 a flash in the pan 3 arms 4 shell a battle of wills run the gauntlet hang/ hold fire 4 run the gauntlet 5 shot down in flames 6 a battle of wills 5 fighting 6 beat 15.4 When Ali graduated, he decided he didn't want to join the ranks of commuters struggling to work every day. He wanted to set up his own on line gift-ordering business so that he could work from home. He knew it was a risk but felt he would have at least a fighting chance of success. Initially, he and a college friend planned to start the business together. Ali had the idea and Igor, his friend, had the money to invest in the company. But then just weeks before the launch, Igor dropped a bombshell: he said he no longer wanted to be part of Ali's plans. Despite Ali 's attempts to persuade him to hang/ hold fire on his decision, Igor said he was no longer prepared to take the risk and was going to beat a retreat before it was too late. However, two weeks later Igor stole a march on Ali by launching his own on line gift-ordering company. Ali was shell-shocked by this betrayal, but he soon came out fighting. He took Igor's behaviour as a call to arms and has persuaded a bank to lend him the money he needs. Ali's introduction to the business world has certainly been a baptism of fire, but I'm sure he will be really successful on his own. English Idioms in Use Advanced 133

134 Over to you Here are some typical examples of sentences using these idioms. The last thing he needed at the moment was an outraged husband on the warpath. It took a while for the true magnitude of his achievement to dawn on the crowd, she/I-shocked as they were by the defeat of their hero. On 1 November they told us that normal Christmas arrangements would apply - that we would work for most of the holiday period - then they dropped this bombshell on 22 November and said we would be off for two weeks. Freshers were obliged to run a gauntlet of computer software, insurance and Student Railcard salesmen and a host of banks seeking their overdrafts, before reaching the union societies' billeted i~ the sports hall. Unit 16 16.1 1 goofftherails 3 do a U-turn 2 run out of steam 16.2 1 life in the slow lane 4 run out of steam 16.3 2 done a complete U-turn 3 gone off the rails 1 e 2 C 3 a 4 f 5 b 6 d 5 go I move/ step up a gear 6 at/ behind the wheel 16.4 1 C 2 a 3 C 4 a Over to you Possible answers: Drive someone round the bend means to annoy or irritate someone: Be quiet! You 're driving me round the bend! A back-seat driver is a passenger in a car who keeps giving advice to the driver that the driver has not asked for. It also means someone trying to control what happens, even though it is not their responsibility: Even though we have a new director, the old one still seems to be a back-seat driver in the company. Step on it means to drive faster or to hurry up (informal). We can also say 'step on the gas', meaning put your foot on the accelerator in a car to make it go faster: Step on it! We have to be there in five minutes! Put the brakes on means to slow down or stop an activity: The government has put the brakes on airport expansion because of climate change. Give / get the green light means give/ get permission for someone to do something or for something to happen: The architects have been given the green light to build a new bridge over the River Honda. Unit 17 17 .1 1 Yes, she thinks she's the cat's whiskers. 2 Yes, it's a dog's life! 3 No, I haven't got a cat in hell's chance. 4 Yes, he has a real dog-in-the-manger attitude. (Notice the use of hyphens when the idiom is used as an adjective.) 17 .2 1 the elephant in the room 2 a wolf in sheep's clothing 3 straight from the horse's mouth English Idioms in Use Advanced 4 to sort (out) the sheep from the goats 5 shedding crocodile tears 6 until the cows come home

17.3 1 horse 2 leopard 3 cows 4 parrot 5 sheep, lamb 17 .4 1 Don't cry wolf or no one will help when you really need it. 2 The minister sheds crocodile tears about homelessness, but does nothing about it. 3 I hate our neighbours' dog-in-the-manger attitude - they don't want the parking space but they won't let us have it. 4 We can discuss it until the cows come home, but I won't change my mind. Over to you Possible answers: A snake in the grass: someone who pretends to be your friend but is really an enemy. A big fish in a small pond: an important person in a not very important place. To smell a rat: to suspect something. Unit 18 18.1 1 I wonder what is really behind the president's decision. I'm sure there's more to it than meets the eye. 2 Melissa is head and shoulders above her brother when it comes to maths. 3 I'm sure we can think of a good present for Jim if we put our heads together. 4 Kasia really loves getting her teeth into a new project. 5 You mustn't bury your head in the sand - problems don't go away if you ignore them. 6 It was one in the eye for Liliana's brother when she passed her driving test first time - it had taken him five attempts. 18.2 1 respect 2 to speak 3 starting 4 respect 5 less nice 18.3 1 f 2 d 3 h 4 C 5 b 6 a 7 e 8 g 18.4 1 I'd give my right arm to go to Japan with you! 2 After some teething troubles, the business began to do well. 3 I find it very hard to get my tongue round some Welsh place names. 4 I don't know why they're pointing the finger at me - I'm not guilty. 5 I'm not very good at maths, but my brother has a good head for figures. 6 I hope I'm not treading on your toes, but could I suggest you try a different approach? 7 Paulo's speech at the wedding made my toes curl! 8 I don't see how you can keep your finger on the pulse if you never watch TV or listen to the radio. Unit 19 19.1 1 play / keep your cards close to your chest 2 hold all the cards 3 Monopoly money 4 the dice are loaded against (someone) 5 dicing with death 6 play your ace / play your trump card 19.2 1 I felt I was dicing with death riding at high speed on the back of his motorbike. 2 I played/ kept my cards close to my chest and didn't mention that I was going to resign soon. 3 He's so rich. He spends money as if it were Monopoly money. 4 The barrister played his ace/ played his trump card and revealed the final piece of evidence. 5 I wanted a job in politics, but felt the dice were loaded against me as I had no personal contacts in the political world. 6 Masa is so much more qualified and experienced than I am. He holds all the cards if we both apply for the same job. English Idioms in Use Advanced 135

136 19.3 lb Ivana 2c Jung 3d Gina 4a Joseph 19.4 1 Ji n's in a very powerful position; he holds all the cards. 2 The teacher has moved the goalposts so many times that none of the students knows what the rules are any more. 3 Liam is very direct with people; he never pulls any punches. 4 What? The headteacher changed the holiday from a whole day to a half day! Poor kids! It's just not cricket, is it? 5 The two presidential candidates have played hardball recently and have made quite personal attacks on each other. 6 Advertising on TV is not the same as it was 20 years ago; it's a whole new ball game now. 7 Everyone felt punch-drunk after six hours of political debate. 8 At 10 pm on the night of the election, the president threw in the sponge/ towel and admitted he had lost. Unit 20 20.1 1 a Trojan horse 2 Achilles' heel 3 the sword of Damocles 4 Pandora's box 20.2 1 New financial regulations are hanging over the banking industry like the sword of Damocles. 20.3 Bankers are extremely worried. 2 One famous type of computer virus works like a Trojan horse. It attacks your computer from inside the system. 3 He's a good worker in many ways, but planning is his Achilles' heel. He's so disorganised. 4 She opened a Pandora's box when she started investigating corruption in the building industry. 4 H l w A L L L C 2 6 p y R R H C 0 H 3 5 u N T u R N E D E E s K T 20.4 1 Julia's parting shot as she walked out of the room was to say that she never wanted to see any of us ever again. 2 The police left no stone unturned in trying to trace the missing child. 3 Piero fell on his sword and accepted full responsibility for the disaster. 4 She really has the Midas touch - everything she does is hugely successful. 5 It was a task of epic proportions, but everyone tried their hardest to succeed. 6 We should continue to work hard and not rest on our laurels. 7 If we are faced with a violent attack, we should just turn the other cheek and not react. 8 Doing nothing at this stage would be like fiddling while Rome burns. English Idioms in Use Advanced

Unit 21 21.1 1 The film is about two star-crossed lovers and their relationship. 2 Max and his friends ate me out of house and home. 3 Harry's driving made my hair stand on end, but we arrived safely. 4 He set off on a wild-goose chase to find the buried treasure he'd read about. 5 Masha prepared a delicious meal in the twinkling of an eye. 6 The green-eyed monster is responsible for many crimes of passion. 7 The reviewer didn't praise the play subtly- he laid it on with a trowel. 21.2 1 true, smooth 2 end 3 house 21.3 1 make your hair stand on end 2 a wild-goose chase 3 lay it on with a trowel 4 the green-eyed monster 4 eye 5 swoop 21.4 1 The bank robbers left the country after they had cleverly managed to send the police off on a wildgoose chase. 2 The ghost story David told made my hair stand on end. 3 Maya and Harry's relationship was destroyed by the green-eyed monster. 4 Simply tell your daughter that you like her work. There's no need to lay it on with a trowel. Over to you pound of flesh: something owed but which it is unreasonable to demand, e.g. People accuse the taxman of always making sure he gets his pound of flesh. send someone packing: ask someone to leave at once, e.g. / can't face any visitors, so if anyone comes to the door, just send them packing. Unit 22 22.1 1 Man Friday 2 Hyde 3 Prince Charming 4 Big Brother 5 Aladdin 22.2 1 My sister's getting married next week. I'm so happy she's found her Prince Charming. 2 The Internet service providers know exactly which websites we visit - Big Brother is watching us all the time. 3 My life is totally chaotic. I need a Man Friday/ Girl Friday to help me with everything. 4 The old cupboard was an Aladdin's cave of valuable objects. 5 Roberto is a real Jekyll and Hyde character. You can never predict how he's going to behave. 22.3 1 Don't worry, it's just a storm in a teacup. 2 He wants to borrow a lot of money to go travelling, but paying it back could become an albatross around his neck. 3 Why are you just getting a new fridge and cooker? Why not go the whole hog and get a new kitchen? 4 He's always got some new money-making plan or scheme, but most of the time they're just castles in the air. 5 I met him ten years ago and then saw him again last year. We seem to be like ships that pass in the night. 22.4 1 d 2 a 3 C 4 b 22.5 1 castles in the air 2 storm in a teacup 3 ships that pass in the night 4 ivory tower English Idioms in Use Advanced 137

Unit 23 23.1 1 C 2 f 3 d 4 a 5 b 6 e 23.2 1 Alain was always eating sweet things, but after the dentist gave him several fillings, I think he's learnt his lesson. 23.3 2 Florence seems to be burning the candle at both ends at the moment - going to parties every night and then getting up early to study. 3 Dev started telling the IT manager how to set up a spreadsheet. Talk about teaching your grandmother to suck eggs! 4 I keep forgetting that I can use on line banking to pay my bills. You can't teach an old dog new tricks, I suppose. 5 Frida has set her sights on becoming CEO, and after her latest promotion, she's well on the way. 6 After his rude behaviour, Oli 's mother decided to teach him a lesson and didn't let him play with his friends. 1 Ralf 2 Rajesh 3 Imogen 4 Hailey 5 Tom 6 Meredith 23.4 1 No. If your work comes on in leaps and bounds, you are making progress. 2 No. If something sticks in your mind, you remember it. 3 Yes. 4 Yes. 5 No. If something goes in one ear and out the other, you forget it very quickly. 6 No. If you work round the clock, you are working all the time, so you will be tired. Unit 24 24.1 1 Clara 2 Rob 3 Matthew 4 Julian 24.2 1 I try my best to do my job well, but sometimes I feel as if I'm just a cog in the machine. 2 I don't want to throw a spanner in the works, but I think you should apply for official permission first. 3 I worry sometimes that we're just reinventing the wheel in our research. 4 I'm afraid I couldn't print the document; our printer is on the blink. 5 There was a power failure and everything went haywire. 6 She should be able to write a simple text message. I mean, it's not rocket science, is it? 7 I think we're light years away from finding a cure for this terrible disease. 8 Why change the system? If it ain't broke, don't fix it! 24.3 1 b 2 C 3 a 4 C 24.4 1 My school was new. We had all kinds of cutting-edge technology. 2 Suddenly, everything went haywire, and there was complete chaos. 3 She felt she was just a cog in the machine and that no one ever noticed her. 4 The city council set the wheels in motion for the construction of the new park. 138 English Idioms in Use Advanced

Unit 25 25.1 1 d 2 a 3 h 4 f 5 g 6 b 7 e 8 C 25.2 1 an armchair critic 2 waiting in the wings 3 have your name in lights 4 do a hatchet job on something 5 rolling in the aisles 6 keep you on the edge of your seat 25.3 Possible answers: 1 support/ admire 2 reassure/ calm 3 stage in a theatre 4 A lot of/ Lots of 25.4 1 Richard is a leading light in the local tennis club. 2 The teacher picked holes in my essay. 5 Shy/ Unconfident 3 Don't worry about your presentation. It'll be all right on the night. 4 The dog stole the show. 26.1 5 She spent years treading the boards before getting a part in a TV soap. 6 The new manager is good at playing to the gallery. 7 The book was very heavy going. 8 I can't believe that the Sunday News critic described such a boring novel as a page-turner. Unit 26 1 d 2 f 3 g 4 h 5 a 6 C 7 b 8 e 26.2 1 Ana is the spitting image of her mother - she looks just like her. 26.3 2 How could you harm your brother? He's your own flesh and blood. 3 She was born in 1986. In 1983, she was just a twinkle in her father's eye. 4 All her nearest and dearest gathered round her for a family photo on her 90th birthday. 5 I'd hate the sort of family where everybody lives in each other's pockets. 6 He's 42 and still living with his parents. Most people fly the nest a lot earlier. 7 All of her sisters are really musical too. It must run in the family. 8 Max is as generous as his dad. He's a chip off the old block. 1 Chelsea 2 Zenab 3 Lidia 4 Connor 5 Ashley English Idioms in Use Advanced 139

140 26.4 1 If he has the ear of the boss, we should let him represent us. 2 Joanna was a tower (or pillar) of strength when I was going through a bad time. 3 Amina has invited an old flame of hers to the party on Saturday. 4 My friend Ali has stood by me through thick and thin. 5 He was footloose and fancy-free until he was 25; then he got married. 6 Raisa and I go back a long way. Unit 27 27.1 1 up 2 parts 3 kids 4 strings 5 mine 27 .2 1 Concentrate on your homework and stop playing the fool! 2 I hope Joe doesn't come to the party - he's such a wet blanket. 3 I suppose that everyone ultimately has to look out for number one. 4 Kate volunteers for all the jobs that no one else will do - she's a real glutton for punishment. 5 I always said she was a loose cannon, so I'm not surprised she's causing trouble. 6 The newspapers are claiming that the prince is a love rat. 7 Be extra kind and calm with Jarek - he's very highly strung. 8 Everyone admires the young entrepreneur for his get-up and go. 27 .3 1 a wet blanket 2 a man of many parts 3 have (plenty of) strings to your bow 4 a whizz kid 27 .4 1 I'm really scared about meeting them. I'm sure they'll eat me for breakfast. 2 I don't want to be a wet blanket, but please can you turn the music down? It's too loud. 3 Some say that to succeed in business, you need to look out for number one. 4 There always seems to be a child in every class who plays the fool to make the other pupils laugh. 5 Martina would be easier to live with if she weren't so highly strung. 6 Some see him as a loose cannon, but this is unfair. Unit 28 28.1 1 counter 2 lining their, pockets 3 job 28.2 1 f 2 e 3 C 28.3 1 True. 4 h 5 g 2 False. They themselves run away, usually from trouble. Unit 29 29.1 1 at the top of the ladder 2 a golden handshake 4 fiddle, wool, eyes 5 taking, ride 6 d 7 a 8 3 True. 9 b 4 False. They spend time in prison. 3 a sleeping/ silent partner 4 a foot in the door 29.2 1 She founded the company, but she's not very active in it now. She's just a sleeping/ silent partner. 2 He desperately wanted to work in the film industry, so he got a job carrying camera equipment to get a foot in the door. 3 When he retired, the company gave him a golden handshake. 4 It took him years to become chief executive, but he's at the top of the ladder now. 29.3 1 No. If you have a good track record, you have a history of success, not failure. 2 No. A cushy number is a very easy job. 3 Yes. 4 Yes. English Idioms in Use Advanced

29.4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 No. If you are doing a roaring trade, you are selling lots of goods. No. If a company goes belly up, it has failed and usually closes. No. If a company corners the market, they are very successful and do not have any serious competitors. Yes. Our new on line business is going great guns. Some airlines are in danger of going to the wall. That new farmers' market seems to be doing a roaring trade. Mr Olsen decided to shut up shop and retire to the coast. Another insurance company went bust last week. She realised she had hit a glass ceiling at work. Unit 30 30.1 1 saddled with debt 3 big fish in a small pond 4 cloud on the horizon 30.2 30.3 30.4 2 throw someone a lifeline 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 rein in spending (riders use reins to guide the horse and control its speed) soar sky-high and take a nosedive birds soar sky-high and a plane can take a nosedive receive a windfall (the image is that of a strong wind blowing fruit off the trees unexpectedly early) a ballpark figure (the idiom comes from baseball) the bottom drops/ falls out of the market (the image is of the bottom coming off a box, thus spilling all its contents) The speaker said he was concerned about the way in which young people worship at the altar of instant gratification. Correct. Receiving a sizeable windfall from one of our investments allowed us to extend our premises. Changes in the company's structure will take place across the board. Jackson was under no illusions about how long it would take his business to get established. Correct. It's time we considered how we can take our business to the next level. The senior staff all fell into line with the new CEO's demands. f g a h b d 7 C 8 e Unit 31 31.1 1 The speaker wants to know when Sandra will be free, e.g. to meet. 2 The speaker is suggesting that they make contact with each other, or meet. 3 Because it uses several words ('at this moment in time') where one ('now') would do equally well. 4 Yes, it does. 31.2 1 have a window 2 the gloves are off 31.3 1 suck 2 fact 3 box 4 off 5 dog 6 up 3 push the envelope 4 blue-sky thinking 7 rock 8 envelope English Idioms in Use Advanced 141

142 31.4 1 Do you have any points that you would like to bring to the table today? 32.1 32.2 32.3 2 We need to prove that our products are at the cutting edge if we are to stay competitive. 3 They've been working 24/7 to complete the project. 4 The fact of the matter is that our previous advertising campaign was not as successful as we had hoped. 5 I have a window on Thursday afternoon if that suits you. 6 They chose Mark for the job because he ticked all the boxes . . Unit 32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Working as a security guard is money for old rope, unless someone actually tries to break in. He went from rags to riches, but he was always afraid he'd end up poor again. A lot of students find it difficult to make ends meet and end up borrowing money from the bank or from their parents. When I was a student, I was always strapped for cash, so I had to get part-time jobs. He's completely immoral about financial matters. He would sell his own grandmother. He sued the newspaper for libel, won his case and took them to the cleaners. They set up a social networking website. It was an instant success, and now they're laughing all the way to the bank. Why do I work so hard and such long hours? Well, someone has to bring home the bacon! Jessie paid me for that job I did last week, so I'm quids in. We can have a nice meal out tonight! I bought a new guitar at the weekend. It was going for a song at only £80. In the current financial crisis, people are finding it harder to make ends meet. I'm tired of living on a shoestring. I need to earn more money. You should buy that old house - it's going for a song. Spending money on ready-made meals is just throwing money down the drain. Did you know he took his girlfriend to the Caribbean for a luxury holiday? He must be absolutely rolling in it. We had lunch in a cheap and cheerful restaurant. I know you love that dress, but it's so expensive. There's no point in paying over the odds for it - it's just not worth it. Why don't you buy her a bunch of flowers? It won't break the bank. Rachel is the main breadwinner in our family. I wish we had more money. I hate being so penny-pinching all the time. The prize is a no-expense-spared weekend in a London hotel or The prize is a weekend in a London hotel, no-expense-spared. Ivana is always going shopping. She must have money to burn. Kim has never had much money. She has always had to scrimp and save. If you like children, babysitting is money for old rope. Everyone has to go to work in order to bring home the bacon. You sold the car for £200 more than you paid for it, so you're quids in. (When it comes to making money), Rosie would sell her own grandmother. I don't make much money, so I find it almost impossible to make ends meet. 32.4 Answers from the author who wrote this unit 1 a very expensive violin 2 electronic gadgets 3 Yes, a meal in a London restaurant 4 Yes, a second-hand bicycle Unit 33 33.1 self-made man second-class citizen chattering classes English Idioms in Use Advanced grass roots silent majority

33.2 1 Politicians often lose touch with the grass roots and become isolated from the public. 2 It's time the silent majority was heard, instead of the more vocal and aggressive minority. 3 My father was a self-made man. He came from a poor background and worked his way up until he became quite rich. 4 I'm sick of listening to the opinions of the chattering classes. What about the opinions of ordinary people? 5 If you are poor, you may sometimes think you are a second-class citizen in terms of access to university. 33.3 Possible answers: 1 Probably a bit nervous and apprehensive. 2 Big cars which use an excessive amount of fuel and damage the environment. 3 Celebrities, politicians, sports people, etc. 4 Elderly people. 33.4 1 False. They have very little influence or power in society. 2 False. The gravy train refers to ways of making money quickly, easily and often dishonestly, usually through your position in society. 3 False. It means educated people who enjoy discussing social, political and cultural issues. 4 True. 5 False. They win by a very large number of votes or a very large majority. 33.5 1 eye 3 block 5 Big 2 gravy 4 grey, strings 6 enemy 33.6 1 Although Ollie receives all the media attention, his mother is the power behind the throne. 2 In the election, the Green candidate won by a landslide. 3 Everyone suspects that the elections were rigged. 4 Mark is a self-made man. 5 Journalists need to establish good contacts with the movers and shakers. Unit 34 34.1 1 d 2 h 3 f 4 g 5 a 6 b 7 C 8 e 34.2 When Sam first went travelling, he missed his creature comforts, like hot water and a soft bed. However, he loved being able to go out on the town at night with new friends in different countries. He had such an exciting time that he was usually too busy to eat a square meal, and so he just ate on the hoof from street markets. Sam is now back at work but is planning his next trip. 34.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 It's really busy! I don't know whether I'm coming or going! Well, I was at first, but now I'm fed up. They've outstayed their welcome. Yes, let's go out on the town together. It's OK. It's on the house. I was hoping to, but I'm afraid I'm going to have to give it a miss. Sorry. I'm too busy at work. I'll just have to have a sandwich on the hoof. Not really, we just pass the time of day sometimes. He's just trying to take each day as it comes. Oh, nothing in particular. I'm just having a bad hair day. Yes, he eats like a horse! English Idioms in Use Advanced 143

144 Unit 35 35.1 1 The company's new line of sportswear has been incredibly popular, and they've made a lot of money. They really hit the jackpot this time. 2 The end-of-term party really went with a swing. Everyone enjoyed themselves. 3 That apple pie you made went down a treat with our dinner guests. 4 We were freezing, so she gave us some hot chocolate to drink - it really hit the spot. 5 Everyone was in a happy mood and entered into the spirit of the fancy-dress ball. 6 His lecture hit exactly the right note. Everyone enjoyed it and said it was very informative too. 35.2 1 stars in her eyes 2 full of the joys of spring 3 music to my ears 4 be on a high 35.3 1 After winning the race, I was on a high for the rest of the day. 2 The decision to cancel the rugby match was music to my ears. I hadn't been looking forward to it at all. 3 Meeting the president was a dream come true. 4 Shona was full of the joys of spring this morning. Something good must have happened. 5 George has got stars in his eyes - he's joined a rock band and given up his job. 35.4 1 Sam Bagg's new album blew my mind. 2 My sister is such a happy-go-lucky person. / My sister is so happy-go-lucky. 3 Iris is full of the joys of spring today! 4 He's as happy as Larry in his new job. 5 This new series of adventure novels strikes (exactly) the right note for a teenage audience. 35.5 1 The music festival went with a swing, and a lot of money was raised for charity. 2 The song we wrote for the end-of-course party went down a treat with all the teachers. 3 My cousin's got stars in her eyes ever since her music teacher told her she could be famous one day. 4 Edward is such a happy-go-lucky person; he never worries about anything. Over to you Possible answers: You can play football to your heart's content when the exams are over, but now you must study! [do something pleasant for as long as you want to] It's not a luxury hotel; it's cheap and cheerful. [cheap, but pleasant and attractive] I was over the moon when I heard the news! [very happy indeed] Unit 36 36.1 1 Dad almost burst a blood vessel when I told him I'd driven into his car. 2 Lucy felt all hot and bothered after having to push her way onto the train. 3 Dave saw red when he heard the boy speak so rudely to Maddie. 4 You're in a bad temper today. What's rattled your cage? 5 What Lily said to her mother really made my blood boil. 6 It really gets my goat when you say such stupid things! 36.2 1 I'm a bundle of nerves. 2 I feel down in the dumps today. 3 I have a sinking feeling about this exam. 4 I'm running out of patience with that incompetent company. 5 The argument I had with my best friend has knocked me for six. 6 Wild horses couldn't make me apologise to Nick. 36.3 1 e 2 f 3 g 4 b English Idioms in Use Advanced 5 h 6 a 7 d 8 C

36.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Selfish behaviour makes my blood boil. The film's sad ending reduced Jess to tears. Cruelty to animals makes me see red. I am running out of patience with James. My brother's laziness gets my goat. I (could have) kicked myself for missing the train. What's rattled Paul's cage? I shouldn't let him make me so hot and bothered. Long walks in the countryside are not my bag. 10 Your father will burst a blood vessel if you say you're dropping out of university. 36.5 Possible answers: 1 That TV programme about child poverty reduced me to tears. 2 I wouldn't give that politician's opinions house room. 3 Amos's arrogance gets my goat. 4 I was a bundle of nerves when I was waiting for my exam results. 5 I could have kicked myself when I let your secret slip. 6 Watching cricket is not my bag. 7 Wild horses couldn't make me sing in public. 8 My friend 's accident knocked me for six. Unit 37 37.1 1 ball 2 light 3 pig's 4 nightmare 37.2 1 pull the rug from under (my feet) 2 can't see the wood for the trees 3 a slap in the face 4 sweep it under the carpet 37.3 1 d 2 e 3 a 4 h 5 f 6 C 7 b 8 g 37 .4 1 I agree. We're in over our heads. 2 I know, it's really put her nose out of joint. 3 Yes, there's no point trying to sweep it under the carpet. 4 You 're right, I think he's lost/ losing his touch. 5 Good idea. At the moment we can't see the wood for the trees. 6 Me too. I feel like I'm losing the plot! 7 You're right. You can't take your eye off the ball. 8 Yes, he's in a tight corner/ spot. Unit 38 38.1 1 water under the bridge 2 bone of contention 3 let sleeping dogs lie 4 to hold out an olive branch 5 to put your foot down 6 to put the cat amongst the pigeons 5 plot English Idioms in Use Advanced 145

146 38.2 1 My mum was pretty easy-going about mess, but I remember she put her foot down and said no when we wanted to fill the bath with mud! 2 We'd already agreed the schedule when the board asked us to bring the dates forward and that put the cat amongst the pigeons. 3 We had a lot of disagreements when we were at school together, but I'm hoping that's all water under the bridge. 4 The packaging for the new shower gel is a real bone of contention between the marketing department and the production team. They both want completely different designs. 5 He was really difficult to work with for the first few weeks, but then he offered to get me a coffee the other day, which I think was his way of holding out an olive branch. 6 I've had a lot of arguments with my father about what he said to me. He's not going to apologise, so I'm just going to let sleeping dogs lie. 38.3 1 C 2 a 3 b 4 a 5 b 6 a 38.4 1 Sylvia is very difficult to work with. She always argues the toss. 39.1 39.2 2 Although the negotiations were difficult, we managed to find some common ground in terms of product development. 3 When I told my dad I was thinking of dropping out of university, he put his foot down. 4 A group of ministers refused to toe/tow the line and voted against the latest tax bill. 5 Somebody should really put Rashid in his place. He can't keep telling everyone what to do. 6 After our disagreement, I wanted to let bygones be bygones, but Emma still seemed very angry with me. Unit 39 1 False. The mayor is going through a difficult period. 2 True. 3 False. It was made at the last minute. 4 True. 5 True. 6 False. 'Marathon' means that they were long. 1 in 3 under, of 5 out 2 in 4 into 39.3 1 The forest fires resulted in some entire villages being engulfed in flames. 2 The robbers got into the house under cover of darkness. 3 It will not be easy for the two sides to hammer out an agreement. 4 The reasons for the bank manager's disappearance are still shrouded in mystery. 5 The power cuts plunged the whole area into chaos. 39.4 1 big 2 mounting 3 bloody 39.5 Possible answers: 4 uneasy 5 for 6 blood 1 something totally covered by fire or water 2 something going down very fast, often into water 7 last-ditch 8 war-torn 3 something totally covered - a shroud is the cloth that traditionally covers a dead body 4 a battle (The last ditch is the last part of an army's defences, i.e. the last point at which it can avoid defeat.) 5 something being saved in the last few moments before disaster strikes (at 12 o'clock) 6 a country divided into pieces by war. They are all dramatic images, which is why journalists like them. English Idioms in Use Advanced

Unit 40 40.1 1 world of, between 2 of its time 3 hands down 4 wildest dreams 5 packs, punch 6 the mark 40.2 1 Yes, there was a world of difference between them. 2 Yes, it did us the world of good. 3 Yes, he certainly lives life to the full. 4 Yes, it certainly packs a punch. 5 Yes, it must be hard to stand out from the crowd these days. 6 Yes, it's taken years off her. I think I might have one done myself! 40.3 1 b) in chess, the players make moves 2 a) you use a watch to tell the time 3 c) washing powder makes clothes clean 40.4 1 b 2 C 3 d 4 e 5 a Unit 41 41.1 1 least 2 on 41.2 Possible answers: 3 foremost 4 by 1 On no account should we forget the history behind this conflict. 2 In the final analysis, doctors must trust their own judgement. 5 on 6 analysis 3 I can see both arguments, but on balance I am in favour of extending the school-leaving age. 41.3 4 First and foremost, we must give a definition of family law before we can apply it to the case in question. 5 Last but not least, let us consider the role of the media in this debate. 6 By and large, the writer uses traditional poetic style. 1 2 3 4 Liberal right-wing policies sound like a contradiction in terms. In the main, I approve of the government's approach. The reform opens the door to an eventual solution of the problem. Once the papers are signed, this legal process is set in motion. 5 6 As a matter of course, large companies outperform smaller companies. This is only to be expected. People who fail at school often succeed in later life. Einstein is a case in point. 7 The research points the way to a future cure for the disease. 8 Saying that boys achieve less at school does not give the whole picture. 9 Advocating equal opportunity for all begs the question of how this can be achieved. 10 On the one hand, international law exists to protect people from the power of states. On the other hand, it can also restrict states from exercising their power to protect the interests of their own people. 41.4 1 The new building stands out like a sore thumb. 2 An interesting painting caught my eye. 3 It's hard to keep up with government policy, as it seems to chop and change all the time. 4 Business success often goes hand in hand with good working conditions. English Idioms in Use Advanced 147