Like a Box of Chocolates
– The Condensate Dilemma
3rd Annual NGLs Forum
E. Russell Braziel
RBN Energy, LLC
September 23, 2013
Tsunami of Condensates
Mb/d 1,600 » Historically U.S. condensate production has
1,400 been the backwater of liquid hydrocarbons
1,200 markets, with most condensate blended off
1,000 into crude
800 » Shale has changed that, doubling condensate
600 production since 2011
400
200 » Growing volumes of light crude oil and
condensate will back natural gasoline out of
0 the refinery motor gasoline blend pool
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC » Both condensate and natural gasoline will
increasingly be forced into Canadian and
overseas export markets….
» …Except that condensates are classified as
crude oil and can’t be exported overseas
without an (unobtainable) license from the
Bureau of Industry and Security
Source: EIA /RBN 2
The Condensate Family
C5
Natural Gasoline Field Naphtha
Plant Condensate Condensates
Pentanes Plus 3
Lease Condensate
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC
What Defines a Field Condensate?
Where it Comes From? Its Characteristics? EIA Definitions?
» Exits the wellhead as a » Is light liquid hydrocarbon » Most EIA statistics call it
gas, condenses to a
liquid at atmospheric as measured by API crude; Condensate is
pressure and
temperature gravity included in FERC crude
» Frequently the liquid » There is no standard cut oil statistics
output from a stabilizer
point that separates » Field condensate
condensate from crude oil production statistics are
(45? 50? 55? degrees API) estimates
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC 4
Stabilizers
Traditional Stabilizer Multiphase Hydrocarbon Stabilizer
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC 5
Multiphase Hydrocarbon Stabilizer Expansion
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC Source: Exterran 6
N. Gasoline/Condensate/Pentane+/Naphtha
Lease Field Blended into
CoEnxdpeonrtssate Stabilization Crude Oil &
Natural Condensate Gasoline
Gasoline / Splitter Blendstock
Plant Cond.
Petro‐
“Naphtha” Chemical
Imports
Canadian
Bitumen
Diluent
Overseas
Exports
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC 7
Natural Gasoline Production/Price
380 290 WTI
Gas Plant Production
360 Mont Belvieu C5+
340 270
320 250
300 230
Mb/d
c/gal
280 210
260 190
240
170
220
200 150
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC Source: OPIS/EIA 8
C5+ Demand From Petchems
60 Ethylene Production Margins 500 Naphtha and Natural Gasoline
450
Ethane 400
350
50 Propane 300
250
N. Gasoline (Naphtha) 200
150
40 100
30 50
0
20
10
0
Cents per Pound
Mb/d
*YTD Sept. 2013
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC Source: RBN/Hodson 9
Relative Nat. Gasoline & Condensate Pricing
120 Nat. Gasoline vs. Crude 105 Condensate vs. Nat. Gasoline
110 100 EF above
100 95 MB C5+
90
$/BBl
$/BBl
90 85
80 80 EF below
MB C5+
Mont Belvieu Nat. Gasoline 75
70 LLS @ St. James, LA Mont Belvieu Nat. Gasoline
WTI @ Cushing, OK 70
EF Condensate
60 65
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC 10
Natural Gasoline Exports /Total Diluent
400 Gas Plant N. Gasoline (Pentanes+) 250 Total Diluent Supply
200
Exported Other Diluent Imports
350 N. Gasoline Exports
300 U.S.
250 150
200
Mb/d
Mb/d
150 100
100
50 50
00
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC Source: EIA /RBN 11
Field Condensate: Market Geography
1. Eagle Ford Production 5
2. Permian Production 2
4
3. Corpus to Gulf Coast 3
Marine Transport
1
4. Permian and Eagle Ford
Pipeline Transport
5. Capline/Explorer to
Southern Lights and Cochin
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC 12
Eagle Ford Crude and Condensate
Mb/d1,800 » Eagle Ford crude and condensate share
1,600 take‐away infrastructure
1,400
1,200 » Condensates above 50 degrees API make
1,000 up about 45% of Eagle Ford production
800 » In total, the region has surplus take‐away
600 capacity
400
200 » Quality determines availability of take‐
away capacity for specific grades
0
Crude Supply Condensate Supply Take‐Away Capacity
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC 13
Mb/dCrude/condensate volumes through Corpus Christi
terminals have grown from 7 MB/d to 390 MB/d in less
than 2 years
400
Corpus Christi Crude/Condensate Export Volumes
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC Source: Port of Corpus 14
Corpus Christi Volumes Moving to Houston,
LOOP, Beaumont/Port Arthur, Freeport/TX City
Other August 2013 outbound volumes from the greater
19% Corpus Christi area: ~500 MB/d
Houston
25%
Freeport/Texas City Morgan ` Mobile
19% City Bay
22% LOOP (Morgan City)
Beaumont
/Port Houston
Arthur Texas City
15% Freeport
Corpus
Christi
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC 15
The Problem for Natural Gasoline
Plentiful Natural
Light Sweet Gasoline
Shale Crudes
Cheap Blend Motor
Condensates Pool Gasoline
Market
Gulf Coast Refineries More Naphtha
Range Material
in the Motor
Gasoline Blend
Components
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC 16
Huge Increase in Exports Required to Keep
U.S. Natural Gasoline Market Balanced
Mb/d 600 Gas Plant Supply » N. Gasoline blending
Imports demand falls dramatically
from 160 Mb/d to 40 Mb/d
500 Petchem Demand due to influx of light sweet
Renewable Fuel crude, condensates, diluent
Refinery Demand recycle & Tier 3 sulfur regs
400 Exports » N. Gasoline barrels available
for export increase from 170
300 Mb/d to 435 Mb/d, split
between Canadian and
200 overseas
100
0
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC Source: EIA /RBN 17
Gulf Coast Natural Gasoline Exports
Mb/d 140
» Natural gasoline
120 available for overseas
100 exports increases from 3
Mb/d in 2012 to 120
80 Mb/d in 2018
60 » Primary drivers are
40 increased condensates
and light crudes in the
20 gasoline pool + Tier 3
‐ Motor Gasoline
regulations in 2017‐18
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC Source: EIA /RBN 18
Condensates Will Be Exported in the
form of Gasoline and Naphtha Products
1,200 U.S. Net Product Export Forecast » Field condensates are
800 considered crude oil and
400 cannot be exported under
0 current regulations unless
‐400 “processed”
‐800
MBPD » Surplus naphtha range
‐1,200 material will be exported in
the form of motor gasoline
Gasoline Distillate » Condensate splitter ‘light
and heavy naphtha’ product
from the Kinder Morgan’s
Galena Park facility may
also be exported
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC Source: Turner Mason /RBN 19
Conclusions – U.S. Condensate Market 20
» Condensate supplies from U.S. shale plays are growing
rapidly, particularly from the Eagle Ford
» Natural gas plant production of natural gasoline is adding
to the oversupply
» Demand for condensate range material in the motor
gasoline blend pool is declining, as is the use of naphthas
and natural gasoline as petrochemical feedstocks
» The demand for condensates and natural gasoline as
diluent for Canadian bitumen is growing, but not as fast
as the supply of those products
» Quality variations in condensate production will result in
price discounts
» The oversupply of naphtha range material in the refinery
blend pool will push natural gasoline into Canadian and
overseas export markets and drive increases in motor
gasoline exports
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC
Why Does Natural Gasoline Production fall
Decline each Winter?
Mb/d 380 Natural Gasoline Production Rich Gas
to Gas
360 Plant
340
320 More C5s go
300 overhead in
280 hot weather
260
240 Condensate
220
200 More C5s go to
condensate in winter
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC 21
http://www.rbnenergy.com/daily‐energy‐post
E. Russell Braziel
2323 S. Shepherd Drive., Suite 1010
Houston, TX 77019
[email protected]
@rustybraziel
© Copyright 2013 RBN Energy, LLC 22