PISMP SAINS AMBILAN JUN 2021 KELUARAN MEI 2026 Prepared By UNPACK THE DSKP KSSR SCIENCE CURRICULUM
UNPACK THE DSKP KSSR SCIENCE CURRICULUM
INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU KAMPUS KENT, PETI SURAT 2, 89207 TUARAN, SABAH. Hak Cipta © Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Kent 2023 Cetakan Pertama 2023 Hak cipta terpelihara. Tidak dibenarkan mengeluarkan atau ulang mana -mana bahagian kandungan, illustrasi dan jadual dalam kandungan buku ini dalam apa juga bentuk dan dengan apa juga sama ada secara elektronik, fotokopi mekanik, rakaman atau cara lain sebelum mendapat izin bertulis daripada Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Kent. Koleksi Planet Pea-ple Siri 28 The Application of Pedagogical Capacity for Deep Learning (PCDL) In Science Subject: Unpack The DSKP KSSR Science Curriculum eISBN: 978-967-0008-69-1 Book cover designer Raja Norzahirah binti Raja Abdullah CHIAM SUN MAY, PHD. AINON BT HADIM TAN CHO CHIEW LOW KEE SUN PISMP SAINS SK/SJKC Ambilan Jun 2022 Editors & designers: Chiam Sun May, PHD. Ainon binti Hadim, Tan Cho Chiew, Low Kee Sun, PISMP Sains SK/SJKC Ambilan Jun 2022
With profound gratitude,we extend our heartfeltthanks to allthose whose unwavering dedication and tireless efforts have given rise to "Planet Pea-ple Series 28: The Application of Pedagogical Capacity for Deep Learning (PCDL) in Science Subject: Unpacking the DSKP KSSR Science Curriculum." This book serves as a valuable treasure, simplifying learning, enhancing comprehension, and facilitating retention. The included infographics provide visual clarity, assisting educators in effective teaching, while empowering students to grasp intricate scientific ideas, fostering engagement anddeeperunderstanding. Our profound appreciation extends to our esteemed lecturers, including Dr.Chiam Sun May, PhD., Mdm.AinonBt Hadim, Mr. TanChoChiew, and Mdm. Low Kee Sun. Their mentorship and unwavering support have played a pivotal role in shaping this endeavor. We also wish to extend our thanks to dedicated educatorswho have generously shared their knowledge and expertise, enriching the content of this book beyond measure. Your guidance has been immeasurable, and we are genuinely thankful for your contributions. We also wish to express our deep gratitude to our fellow Science classmates, the exceptional members of the PISMP Intake June 2021 (Graduating Class May 2026), for their unwavering dedication and enthusiasmincrafting this educationalmasterpiece. Last butnotleast, ourwarmest appreciationgoes to the entirePlanet Pea-ple Series 28 Production Committee, whose collective efforts, both direct and indirect, have brought this work to fruition. Together, we have produced a valuable tool that will equip educators and influence the path of teaching inthe future. Aswe celebrate the successful culminationof our efforts,letus continue to champion the cause of education and inspire the next generation of learners. Your dedication and commitment to the advancement of pedagogy are truly commendable, and we are immensely grateful for your contributions. "Happy reading, andmay this book bring youbenefit andinspiration!" Preface i i.
Table Of Content Content Page Pedagogical Capacity For Deep Learning (PCDL) 1-3 Activity Flipped Classroom 4 Gravity 5-7 Light And Colours 8-9 States Of Matter 10-11 Plant Growth 12-13 Animal Habitats 14-16 The Water Cycle 17-18 Shapes And Patterns 19-20 Sound And Music 21-22 Magnets 23-24 Earth And Sky 25-26 Notes 27 ii.
PEDAGOGICAL CAPACITY FOR DEEP LEARNING (PCDL) The collective set of teaching strategies, instructional practices, and educational approaches that are specifically designed to foster deep and meaningful learning experiences for students. Emphasizes higher-order thinking skills, critical analysis, problem-solving, and the application of knowledge in real-world contexts, creating an environment where students actively engage with the subject matter, reflect on their learning, and develop a profound understanding of concepts. PDCL involves: A student-centered approach that prioritizes meaningful understanding, critical thinking, and problem-solving over rote memorization. It requires educators to be: Flexible, adaptable, and reflective in their teaching practices to create rich and transformative learning experiences for their pupils. Clear Learning Objectives Active Learning Inquiry-Based Learning Scaffolding Feedback and Reflection Collaborative Learning Assessment for Learning Technology Integration Personalization Metacognition Cultural and Contextual Considerations Continuous Professional Development 1
Photo Courtesy of Timbalan Ketua Pengarah Pendidikan Malaysia YBrs Dr. Ahmad Rafee bin Che Kassim Thought to Ponder: Do we have room for improvement DSKP KSSR Science KSSR Science Year 5 pg 3 KSSR Science Year 5 pg 4 2
Summary of the Benefits of PCDL To Teachers To Pupils Effective Instruction: Equips teachers with a toolkit of proven strategies to engage students in meaningful ways, to design effective lesson plans that promote active learning, critical thinking, and student-centered exploration. Meaningful Learning: To provide students with a richer and more meaningful learning experience to go beyond memorization to comprehend the underlying principles, fostering a lifelong appreciation for learning. Enhanced Pedagogy: Teachers refine their pedagogical skills, to apply scaffold learning experiences, present content in a layered manner, and encourage student autonomy, ultimately leading to improved teaching outcomes. Critical Thinking: To cultivate critical thinking skills by encouraging students to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information, to learn to question assumptions, think logically, and make informed decisions. Student Engagement: To increases student engagement by making learning relevant and interesting Exp: hands-on activities, real-world examples, and problemsolving tasks that captivate students' interest and enthusiasm. Problem-Solving: To engage in problem-solving tasks that simulate real-world challenges, to empowers students to apply their knowledge to address complex issues, honing their ability to find innovative solutions. Deeper Understanding: Guide students to explore topics in-depth, fostering a deeper understanding of subject matter, to create more thoughtful discussions, insightful questions, and better retention of knowledge. Autonomy and Self-Direction: To promotes student autonomy and self-directed learning, to take ownership of their education, setting goals, reflecting on their progress, and making choices that cater to their learning style. Professional Growth: Challenges teachers to continually refine their instructional practices, fostering professional growth and development, to explore innovative teaching methods and adapt their approach to suit diverse learning needs. Preparation for the Future: To Equip students with skills essential for success in a rapidly changing world, to develop adaptability, resilience, and the ability to apply knowledge across different contexts, preparing them for higher education and their future careers. Holistic Understanding: To encourage a holistic understanding of subject matter by connecting concepts to real-life situations and other disciplines, to interconnected view enriches students' knowledge and fosters a multidimensional perspective. PCDL: Collective set of teaching strategies, instructional practices, and educational approaches that are specifically designed to foster deep and meaningful learning experiences for students. Learning conception refers to an individual's or a group's understanding or conceptualization of the process of learning. It encompasses their beliefs, theories, and ideas about how learning occurs, what factors influence it, and what strategies are most effective for acquiring knowledge and skills. A person's learning conception can shape their approach to education and influence their teaching or learning strategies. Whatdoes conceptionof learningmeans? Pedagogical Capacity for Deep Learning (PCDL) Photo Courtesy of Timbalan Ketua Pengarah Pendidikan Malaysia YBrs Dr. Ahmad Rafee bin Che Kassim Learning Theories Beliefs About Learning Motivation and Engagement Assessment and Feedback Self-Regulated Learning Learning Environments Cultural and Contextual Influences Developmental Perspectives In the context of Malaysia, how do we design our teaching and learning strategies in Science to fit the learning conception of the primary school pupils? 3
Activity Flipped Classroom : Unpack Science Curriculum Break down a complex science concept into smaller components Given a list of science concepts Using concept maps Let' s make an infograph Let' s share our findings at Koleksi Planet Pea-ple Siri 28 1 2 3 4 Gravity Light and Colours Plant Growth States of Matter Animal Habitats 1 2 4 3 5 The Water Cycle 6 Shapes and Patterns 7 8 Sounds and Music 9 Magnets 10 Earth and Sky 4
GRAVITY ABOUT DSKP The aim of DSKP is to provide a standardized and structured curriculum framework to ensure quality education in Malaysia. It serves as a guide for teachers, students, and educational institutions to achieve specific learning outcomes. The specific objectives of DSKP include setting clear learning outcomes, promoting holistic development, ensuring students acquire knowledge and skills, fostering scientific attitudes and noble values, and preparing students for the challenges of the 21st century. DSKP is trying to communicate the importance of a wellstructured and standardized education system that focuses on holistic development. It emphasizes the need for students to acquire not only knowledge but also essential skills, attitudes, and values to succeed in the modern world. The framework of DSKP outlines the content and learning objectives for various subjects and topics, along with guidelines for assessment and evaluation. It helps educators plan their teaching strategies and ensure that students are exposed to a well-rounded education. It keeps the Earth's water intact. It keeps the Earth and the Moon in their respective orbits. Gravity is everywhere It pulls you back to the ground after you jump. Gravity is the force that makes things fall to the ground. It's what keeps the Earth and other planets moving around the Sun. Gravitational Force Think of it like a magnet that pulls things together. Scientists like Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein studied how it works and made some important rules to explain it. MarkandBaari 5
BASIC CONCEPTS RELATED TO GRAVITYSimplify Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation by explaining that every object with mass attracts every other object with mass. The more massive an object is, the stronger its gravitational pull. Universal Law of Gravitation Introduce the idea that astronauts in space experience weightlessness because they are in freefall around the Earth. You can use the analogy of a falling elevator to help them understand this concept. Weightlessness Speed of Gravity Share the story of Galileo dropping different objects from the Leaning Tower of Pisa to demonstrate that objects of different masses fall at the same rate in the absence of air resistance. This helps illustrate the concept of gravitational acceleration. By Nazrey.Putri and Marina 6
Concept: Gravity keeps planets in orbit around the sun. Activity: Use a simple model with a flashlight as the sun, a ball as a planet, and a piece of string to represent the gravitational pull. Show how the ball orbits the flashlight due to gravity. Gravity and Orbits: Activity RELATED TO GRAVITY that can be done during science class ACTIVITY 1 Concept: Gravity is a force that pulls objects toward each other. Activity: Drop various objects (like a feather, a ball, and a book) from the same height and measure how long it takes for each object to reach the ground. Discuss why they fall at different rates. Drop and Measure: ACTIVITY 2 Concept: Gravity pulls everything downward. Activity: Fill a water balloon and poke a small hole in it. Observe how the water streams downward due to gravity. You can also compare this to dropping a solid object. Dropping Water and Gravity: cuss why they fall at different rates. ACTIVITY 3 By Nazrey.Putri and Marina 7
Reflection is when light bounces off an object, allowing us to see it in a mirror or on a surface. Light and Colours IT'S ALL ABOUT THE Refraction is when light bends as it passes through things like water or glass. Reflection Refraction Diffraction Dispersion L I G H T Light from the Sun reaches Earth in 8 minutes. Rainbows result from sunlight in raindrops. Light's speed changes in different materials. Light is an electromagnetic wave. It exhibits waveparticle duality. Light hits an object Certain colors are absorbed Others are reflected or scattered The colors we perceive are the ones that are reflected back to our eyes. THE LINK BETWEEN LIGHT & COLOURS Rainbows are formed through the dispersion of sunlight by water droplets in the atmosphere. As the light continues to travel through the water droplet, it undergoes dispersion. Diffraction is when light waves spread out or bend around obstacles, creating patterns or blurring edges. Light dispersion is when light splits into its different colors, because of its different wavelengths. LIGHT AND RAINBOW? FUN FACTS Colors are all around us because of how our eyes and brains perceive different wavelengths of light. Humans see colors in a certain way, but some animals can see a broader range of colors or even see ultraviolet light that we can't. Some people are colorblind, which means they can't see certain colors. The most common type is red-green colorblindness. C O L O U R S Primary Colours: Secondary Colours: Tertiary Colours: Red, blue, and yellow. We can't make them by mixing other colors. Red, blue, and yellow. We can't make them by mixing other colors. Red + Blue = Purple Red + Yellow = Orange Blue + Yellow = Green When we mix primary colors together, we get secondary colors: We can make more colors by mixing a primary color with a secondary color. For example, red-orange is made by mixing red and orange. ERNNA & EVELYN SEARCH THIS! Is black colour considered as a colour? And why? Ex. a red apple appears red because it reflects red light and absorbs other colors. 8
Refraction of light Colour Concept of Light Light is a type of energy that helps us see things. Light travels in straight line When it enters our eyes, it allows us to see those objects. Concept of Colour Reflection of light Light can bounce off surfaces when it encounters them. Reflection is when light bounces off a surface and comes back to your eyes. It's like when you look in a mirror, and you see your own image. The mirror reflects the light from you back to your eyes, so you can see yourself. Refraction is a term that describes how light bends or changes direction when it passes from one material (like air) into another material (like water or glass). It happens because light travels at different speeds in different materials. Purple Red Orange Yellow Green Blue green Blue Violet Color is the way we perceive different shades of light. When light hits an object, some of it is absorbed by the object, and the rest is reflected into our eyes. Our eyes then interpret this reflected light and send signals to our brain, which makes us see colors. by Wong Ung Wang & Kelvi n Group 2 9
STATES OF MA Prop T erties o T f Solids ER 1 2 3 Definite Shape Solids have a definite shape, meaning that they maintain their shape and size unless acted upon by an external force. Definite Volume Solids have a definite volume, which means that they occupy a fixed amount of space. This property is related to their density, which is the mass per unit volume. High Density Solids are usually denser than liquids and gases. This is because the particles that make up solids are closely packed together, and they have little room to move around. Properties of Gases 1 2 3 Gases have no fixed shape because their particles are free to move and take on the shape of their container. Indefinite Volume Gases have no fixed volume because their particles are free to move and fill the space available to them, regardless of the size of the container. Low Density Gases have a low density because their particles are widely spaced, and there is a lot of empty space between particles. Indefinite Shape Properties of Liquids Indefinite Shape 1 Definite Volume High Density Liquids do not have a fixed shape and take the shape of their container, allowing them to be poured or transferred. Liquids have a fixed volume, meaning they cannot be easily compressed or expanded, and take up space. Liquids have a relatively high density compared to gases, meaning they are more massive per unit of volume. 2 3 Particles of Liquids Closely Packed The particles of liquids are closely packed, but not arranged in a regular pattern like in solids. Attractive Forces The attractive forces between liquid particles are weaker than in solids, but stronger than in gases. Kinetic Energy The particles have more kinetic energy than solid particles, allowing them to move and slide past each other while remaining relatively close together. Fills Space Gas particles fill the space they occupy, regardless of the size or shape of the container. Gas particles have little attraction to one another and can bounce off each other and the walls of their container. Little Attraction Particles of Gases Widely Spaced Gas particles are widely spaced and have no definite shape or volume. High Kinetic Energy Gas particles move rapidly in all directions with high kinetic energy. Particles of Solids Tightly Packed The particles in a solid are tightly packed together and have little space between them. Regular Pattern The particles in a solid are arranged in a regular pattern, forming a fixed shape. Strong Attraction The particles in a solid have strong attractive forces between them, which keep them in their fixed positions and maintain its shape and volume. H C A R A C T E R I S T I C S PHASE CHANGES IN MATTER Phase changes in matter is the process by which matter changes from one physical state or phase to another. The three most common phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. For example, from solid to liquid Another example, from liquid to gas PHASE CHANGE THROUGH FREEZING Freezing process of ice cubes PHASE CHANGE THROUGH CONDENSATION Condensation process of water PHASE CHANGE THROUGH DEPOSITION Deposition process of a snowflake Hani & Farid 10
matter state of GAS Theparticles aremore loosely packedthanina solid Able toflowaroundeachother Have anindefinite shape. Conformtothe shapeofits container. Have a lowerdensity thansolids Incrediblydifficulttocompress. SOLID Particles arepackedtightly together Particlesdon'tmovemuch. The electronsof eachatomare constantly inmotion Atomshave a small vibration,but fixedintheirposition. Very lowkinetic energy andhigh density Have adefinite shape, aswell as mass andvolume Nonot conformtothe shapeofthe container inwhichthey areplaced. LIQUID Theparticleshave agreatdealof spacebetweenthem Havehighkinetic energy. Hasnodefinite shapeor volume. Unconfinedgasparticles spread indefinitely PressureReducesVolume and CompressesGas CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTICLES COLD HOT PHASE CHANGE IN DAILY LIFE Freezing occurs when liquid turn into solid Condensation occurs when vapour or gas turn into solid Sublimation occurs when solid turn into gas Deposition occurs when gas turn into liquid Boiling occurs when liquid turn into gas Melting occurs when solid turn into liquid Melting Evaporation Condensation Boiling Sublimation Freezing Deposition THIAN WEN HUI LU HUI SZE 11
Light Stages of plant growth Photosynthesis Water Nutrients Air and Carbon Dioxide Soil Quality Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen PLANT GROWTH Growth is an essential property of plants which helps them gain nutrients from places which are far from their position. Growth helps plants compete with each other and also protect their important organs. Plants require light for photosynthesis, the process by which they convert light energy into chemical energy (sugar) to fuel their growth. The intensity, duration, and quality (spectrum) of light are all important factors. The key factors that affect plant growth include: Adequate water is crucial for plant growth. Water is not only a component of photosynthesis but also serves as a transport medium for nutrients and minerals within the plant. Plants need essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as various micronutrients, to thrive. These nutrients are typically absorbed from the soil through the plant's root system. The composition, pH level, and texture of the soil play a significant role in plant growth. Good soil quality ensures that roots can access nutrients, water, and oxygen effectively. Sprout Seedling Vegetating Budding Flowering Ripening 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Photosynthesis is like magic that happens in plants. It's how plants make their own food and help us all breathe! Plant convert light from the sun into glucose and oxygen. Plants require carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Proper ventilation and adequate CO2 levels are necessary for healthy growth. By Akmal and Isaac "Some plants have colorful leaves, not green ones. They can still make food from sunlight, but they do it a little differently. They're like special plants with their own way of catching sunlight to grow and be healthy." HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED? Does photosynthesis occur in a non-green plants? Plants are amazing, aren't they? They can be all sorts of colors and still find a way to grow and be healthy." 12
plant growth Cool-Season Plants such as lettuce thrive in temperatures between 4°C to 24°C Warm-Season Plants such as tomatoes temperatures between 21°C to 35°C Tropical Plants like banana, need consistently warm temperatures above 15°C They use sunlight to make their own food in their leaves. So, a sunny spot is like a happy place for plants. They absorb water through their roots from the soil. It's like their special drink that helps them grow. Without enough water, plants can become sad and wilt. Soil has all the vitamins and minerals they need. These nutrients make plants strong and healthy. Plants need enough room to spread their roots and grow. Crowded place will make plants might not grow well. Plants take time to grow big and strong. They go through different stages, from seeds to full-grown plants. Prepared by: Sii Seng Siang & Leong Jia Cheng. Plant growth refers to the increase in size, mass, and complexity of a plant over time. It is a process in which plants undergo a series of developmental changes,Plant growth is driven by a combination of internal genetic factors and external environmental factors 13
of animals of animals Thehawksbill sea turtle is critically endangereddue toillegaltrade intheir beautiful,intricate shellknownas "tortoiseshell."This tradehasbeenbanned, tales butit stillpersists insome regions. TTuurrttllee The ways animals ENSURE THE SURVIVAL OF THEIR YOUNGS Chicken Ostrich Goat Kangaroo Lion Chicken PROTECT THEIR EGGS the ways animals S U RVIVAA N I M A L S P E C I E S of LCrocodile Hide andincubate the eggs Frog The eggs smellbadandare covered withmucus tomake themdifficult for the enemy toeat Hide the eggs innestsor treeholes andincubate themuntiltheyhatch. Woodpecker Tortoise Bury their eggs in sandor soil NestingBuilding AggressiveDefense B Monkey ird The joeys suckle andgrowin thepouchesoftheirmothers to ensure their safety. Care andsuckle their young untilthey are able tofind theirownfood Feedtheir young Attackthe enemieswhen their youngare indanger Feedtheir young Attackthe enemies whentheir young are indanger Survival of the animal species is the ability for animals to maintain their species to avoid extinction. WANA & BELLA TO PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM ENEMIESLizards and octopuses will detach certain parts of their bodies when they are attacked. Cuttlefish and octopuses will spurt out black ink towards their enemies when they are attacked. Pufferfish will inflate their bodies that have sharp spines three times of their size to scare the enemies. FROM EXTREME WEATHER of animals of animals HIBERNATE MIGRATE HIBERNATE Polar bears hibernate to reduce movement and prevent themselves from losing energy. Whales and some species of birds migrate across continents and oceans to avoid cold weather of their origin country. Buffaloes wallow in water or mud to cool their bodies and avoid insect bites and parasites. Sea turtles are facinga riskof extinction due toa varietyofhuman-induced factors,includinghabitatdestruction, pollution,bycatchinfishingnets, and climate change. 14
WILDLIFE Protection Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque molestie efficitur nisi, ac commodo est pellentesque at. Integer ut lectus ac lorem gravida vulputate. Toucan Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque molestie efficitur nisi, ac commodo est pellentesque at. Integer ut lectus ac lorem gravida vulputate. Elephant Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque molestie efficitur nisi, ac commodo est pellentesque at. Integer ut lectus ac lorem gravida vulputate. Giraffe Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque molestie efficitur nisi, ac commodo est pellentesque at. Integer ut lectus ac lorem gravida vulputate. Tiger MORE INFO: reallygreatsite.com 15
Colors EXTINCTION Length: Colors Colors HabitatLoss Hunting IllegalPet Trade animal ANIMAL HABITATS: Quagga A quagga is an animal whose body half looks like a horse, while the other half looks like a zebra. Its skin and meat are hunted by humans causing this animal to become extinct. A quagga is an animal whose body half looks like a horse, while the other half looks like a zebra. Its skin and meat are hunted by humans causing this animal to become extinct. sabre-toothed tiger have very long FANGS. i.e. reaching up to 30 cm. This animal lived in the ice age TOO and extinct due to EXTREME climate change. sabre-toothed tiger have very long FANGS. i.e. reaching up to 30 cm. This animal lived in the ice age TOO and extinct due to EXTREME climate change. Sabre-toothed tiger Tasmanian wolf This species extinct as a result of being hunted extremely, habitat destruction and disease outbreaks. This species extinct as a result of being hunted extremely, habitat destruction and disease outbreaks. CCaauussee ooffeexxttiinnccttiioonn Asteroid strikes Urbanisation Mammoths Mammoths look like elephants. This animal exists in the ice AGE. The number of animal decreases due to weather changes extremely then eventually extinct because it is hunted by humans. Mammoths look like elephants. This animal exists in the ice AGE. The number of animal decreases due to weather changes extremely then eventually extinct because it is hunted by humans. Dodo Dodo birds cannot fly This bird comes from the island of Mauritius. This animal is extinct for being hunted by sailors, while the eggs are eaten by animals such as mice and cats. Dodo birds cannot fly This bird comes from the island of Mauritius. This animal is extinct for being hunted by sailors, while the eggs are eaten by animals such as mice and cats. When an entire species of animal dies out, that species is extinct. Once a species becomes extinct, it is gone forever. The most common cause of extinction is a sudden, serious change in a species’ habitat. When an entire species of animal dies out, that species is extinct. Once a species becomes extinct, it is gone forever. The most common cause of extinction is a sudden, serious change in a species’ habitat. KHAIRUNNISA & SAADAH In November 2019, Iman, a Sumatran rhino marked the extinction of its species in Malaysia. The efforts to breed Sumatran rhinos in Malaysia had been hampered by Iman's ovarian cancer, which made it impossible to implement a breeding program. 16
Col ection Condensation Water is collected and held in different areas. Spring Water Precipitation Cycle Water condenses in the atmosphere to create clouds. Evaporation Water evaporates under the suns heat. Water is released from the clouds. the continuous movement of water within the atmosphere Year 2 Topic 9 Lake Sea Weng Wei Jenny RIver Rain 17
``` Condensation Precipitation Collection Evaporation Cool Facts About Water The Water Cycle The water cycle has no beginning and no end! Explore the amazing water cycle, where water goes on an endless adventure from the sky to the ground and back again! Almost 97% of the world's water is salty or otherwise undrinkable. Domestic water consumption for Peninsular Malaysia and the Federal Territory of Labuan was 245 liters per capita per day, Most of Earth's freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps. Energy from the sun heats Earth's oceans, rivers, and lakes. Some of these water turns into gas, also known as vapor. Precipitation may flow across the land and collect into oceans, rivers, and streams. Some may soak into the soil and move underground before reaching other bodies of water. Evaporation Collection wind run off groundwater rivers & streams Water droplets in the clouds become too heavy for the air to hold. They fall back to Earth as rain, snow, hail, or sleet. Condensation Precipitation Water vapor rises into the air, cools, and turns into tiny water droplets. These droplets join together to form clouds. amir, prabhu, azhari 18
PATTERNS SHAPES Basicshape blocks -pyramid, cube, cuboid, sphere, prism, cone, cylinder What isshape and patterns? SHAPES AND PATTERNSSHAPES AND PATTERNSYEAR 1 TOPIC10 -triangle, square, rectangle, BIG circle IDEAS Basic shapes Kathleen Annie A pattern is something that is arranged by following a rule The form of an object or its outline, outer boundary or outer surface. Pattern Do you know other types of shapes instead of 2D and 3D shape? Watch this YouTube video to learn about patterns https://youtu.be/yU0z7yeLyvA?si=nNhxrH6CeXaY-cL_ Let’s learnmore about shapes! -objects arranged by following a rule 19
Start by introducing different shapes to the students.Discuss basic shapes suchas squares, circles,triangles, rectangles, and3Dshapes.( showexamplesordrawthemonawhiteboardorpaper ). Lay out all the materials on a table or workspace, making sure each child has access to scissors, glue, and a varietyof coloredpaper. Provide eachchildwitha large sheet ofwhitepaper or cardboardas the base for their collage.Thiswill be the canvaswhere they'll create their shape collage. Encourage the children to search for shapes in magazines, newspapers, or printed pictures (if available). They cancutout shapes they findinterestingorusepre-cut shapes fromcoloredpaper. Instructthe childrentocreate their shape collagesonawhitepaperor cardboardbase.They canarrange and glue the shapes in any way they like to create unique artwork. Emphasize that they can overlap shapes, createpatterns,oruse the shapes toformpicturesor scenes. If desired, children can use markers, crayons, or colored pencils to add details, decorations, or additional elements totheir collages. After completing their collages,they can have a discussionwith each others abouttheir creations.Ask them todescribewhattheymade,whichshapes theyusedthemost, andwhy theymade certainchoices. Allow the children to proudly display their shape collages on a wall or bulletin board. This not only showcases theirworkbut alsoallows themtoappreciate eachother's creations. Instructions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. SHAPES AND PATTERNSSHAPES AND PATTERNSYEAR 1 TOPIC10 Kathleen Annie 19 Hands-on activity : 2D or 3D shape collages Assortedcolored constructionpaper Scissors Glue sticks Large sheetsofwhite paper as thebase for the collage Magazines,newspapers, orprintedpictureswith various shapes (optional) Markers, crayons,or coloredpencils (optional) Materials Needed: M a t h s T a h u n 3 B a b 7 S ain s T a h u n 1 B a b 1 0 M a t h s T a h u n 5 B a b 6 Apply in this subject: ShapeRecognition:Shape collageshelpchildrenbecomemore familiarwithbasic shapes suchas squares, circles,triangles, andrectangles. They learntoidentify anddifferentiate these shapeswhileworkingontheir artisticprojects. Fine Motor Skills: Cutting out shapes and gluing them onto a collage requires fine motor skills. Children enhance their hand-eye coordination, scissor skills, anddexterity as theyhandlematerials andmanipulate smallobjects. Creativity: Shape collages encourage creativity and imagination. Children can explore various arrangements, patterns, and compositions usingthe same setof shapes, allowingforunique andimaginative artistic expressions. Problem-Solving: Children may encounter challenges as they work on their collages, such as deciding how to fit shapes together or determiningwhere toplace certainshapes.Thispromptsproblem-solvingskills andcriticalthinking. 1. 2. 3. 4. Benefitsof shapecollgaes:
SSHHAAPPEESS Shape refers to the external form or appearance of an object or entity, typically characterized by its outline or silhouette lines, curls, spirals, animal shapes, zigzags, dots, arabesques, circles, and squares. What Are the Types of Pattern? What Are the Types of Pattern? TYPES OF SHAPES: SHAPES SHAPES ABSTRACT SHAPE ORGANIC SHAPE Well-defined, regular shapes with precise mathematical properties GEOMETRIC SHAPE Abstract art often uses non-representational or non-objective shapes that may not resemble anything in particular These shapes are irregular and often found in nature ZAYANA | ZAHIRAH Now, let’s list other 2D and 3D shapes that you know 20
1. Ultrasound is a form of non-ionizing radiation that uses high-frequency sound waves to image the body. It is a real-time investigation that allows the assessment of moving structures and also facilitates the measurement of velocity and directionality of blood flow within a vessel. Uses: Cleaning, Detection of Cracks, Echocardiography, Ultrasonography, SONAR, Echolocation A sound wave is a type of mechanical wave that carries energy through a medium (such as air, water, or solids) by the vibration or oscillation of particles in that medium. Sound waves are created when a source of vibration, such as a vibrating object or vocal cords, disturbs the particles in the medium, causing them to compress and expand in a repeating pattern. Sonar stands for "Sound Navigation and Ranging." It's a technology that uses sound waves to detect, locate, and measure objects underwater. It's similar to how bats use echolocation to navigate and find prey, but in the case of sonar, it's used underwater. HOW IT WORKS? 1. sonar system send out waves 2. wave travel and bounce off object 3. measure time taken for the wave to travel. Used to analyze distance, size and shape. Echolocation is the process where sound waves and echoes are used to determine objects in space. Echolocation is used by bats to navigate and find their food in the dark. Bats send out sound waves from their mouth and nose, which then hit the objects in their vicinity producing echoes, which are then received by the bats. The nature of the echo helps them determine the object’s size, shape and distance. 21
Resonance Sound is created when objects vibrate, causing the air particles around them to vibrate as well. These vibrations travel through the air in the form of sound waves Pitch The pitch of a musical note is determined by the frequency of the vibrations. Higherfrequency vibrations produce higher-pitched sounds, while lowerfrequency vibrations produce lower-pitched sounds Sound Volume Volume When you blow air across the top of the bottle, it creates vibrations in the column of air inside the bottle. These vibrations have a specific frequency that corresponds to the pitch of the note produced More water or a larger bottle can create a lower pitch, while less water or a smaller bottle can create a higher pitch H O W M U S I C A L B O T T L E P R O D U C E S O U N D BY AKMA , MING MING 22
MAGNET S N LODESTONE Special type of rock that naturally acts like a magnet, attracting things made of iron. ELECTROMAGNETISM Material that stays magnetic all by itself, without needing any help from an external source like electricity or another magnet. PERMANENT MAGNET MAGNETIC FIELD the region around a magnet that is affected by magnetic forces. A force that can attract or repel certain materials such as iron Magnets attract iron and have two poles, a negative and a positive pole, where the magnetic force is strongest. LIKE CHARGES REPEL UNLIKE CHARGES ATTRACT N S N N N N N S S S S S REPEL ATTRACT MAGNETIC FORCE POLARITY Movement of electric charge causing the attract and repel of magnet MOVEMENT ELECTRIC CURRENT Faraday's Electromagnetic Induction Created by moving a conductor through a magnetic field or by varying the magnetic field around it. NORTH & SOUTH POLESSmall region in a magnetic material where all the tiny magnets inside it point in the same direction, creating a strong magnetic effect in that area. When you apply a magnetic field, these domains can align and make the whole material magnetic. MAGNETIC DOMAIN FERROUS Any material that contains iron. Afiqah, Justin, Farisya COMPASS A compass is a small magnet that can rotate freely. It points toward the Earth's North Magnetic Pole, helping with navigation. MAGNETIC LEVITATION MAGNETIC LEVITATION Some trains use magnets to lift them above the tracks, reducing friction and allowing for highspeed travel. eg : Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High Speed Rail (HSR) A medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the body's internal structures. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING MAGNETIC INDUCTION MAGNETIC INDUCTION The process where a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) or voltage in a nearby conductor. CURIE TEMPERATURE CURIE TEMPERATURE The temperature at which a ferromagnetic material loses its permanent magnetic properties. These are imaginary lines used to represent the direction and strength of a magnetic field. MAGNETIC FIELD LINES MAGNETIC FIELD LINES How can this be related to IR 4.0 and Society 5.0? 23
MAGNE T MAGNE T What is a Magnet? An object which is capable of producing magnetic field and attracting unlike poles and repelling like poles. Exp: iron, nickel, and cobalt. ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICES Magnets are a key component in many electromagnetic devices, including electric motors, generators, and transformers, MAGNETIC LOCKS Magnets are used in electromagnetic locks (maglocks) for security systems. MAGNETIC COMPASSES Compass needles are magnets that align themselves with the Earth's magnetic field, allowing navigation and orientation. SPEAKERS & MICROPHONES Magnets are used in speakers and headphones to create sound vibrations by interacting with a diaphragm. USES OF MAGNETS: THE EARTH IS LIKE A MAGNET Earth has a self-generated magnetic field, often referred to as the Earth's geomagnetic field. This magnetic field is created by a process known as the geodynamo, which is driven by the motion of molten iron and nickel in the Earth's outer core. MAGNETIC MATERIALS: POLES OF A MAGNET Magnets have two poles, a north pole and a south pole. Like poles repel each other, while opposite poles attract each other. TYPES OF MAGNETS There are three types of magnets: permanent magnets, temporary magnets, and electromagnets. PUSH-PULL OF MAGNETS If the poles are different, the magnets pull together. A north pole pulls toward a south pole. A south pole pulls toward a north pole. If the poles are the same, the magnets push apart. MAGNETIC FIELDS Magnets create an invisible force field around them called a magnetic field. The magnetic field is stronger near the poles of the magnet. M A G N E T M A G N E T AZRIE & RACHEL24
DAY Solar and Lunar Eclipses: Understanding the phenomena of solar and lunar eclipses, including their causes and how they can be observed safely. Celestial Objects: Identifying celestial objects visible during: Observations: Learning how to make simple observations of the sky and record findings. 7. DAYTIME AND NIGHTTIME SKY Telescopes: An introduction to telescopes and their use in observing distant celestial objects. Space Exploration: Historical and Modern Missions: Learning about significant space exploration missions and their contributions to our understanding of the universe. 8. ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS NIGHT Solar System Quiz ! Go extra miles ! Constellations: Introduction to some common constellations and their significance in different cultures. Stars: Learning about the nature of stars, their brightness, and their role in forming constellations. While the Crux constellation (Southern Cross) is not directly tied to these Orion and Scorpius myths, it is a distinct and significant constellation in its own right. The Southern Cross is visible in the southern hemisphere and has cultural significance for various societies, including the indigenous peoples of Australia and New Zealand. It does not have a prominent role in Greek mythology. Scorpius (Scorpion): In Greek mythology, Scorpius represents the scorpion sent by Artemis to kill Orion, as mentioned above. Scorpius is often associated with Orion due to their mutual enmity and their placement in the night sky. Let’ s read story about orion and scorpion Orion was a legendary hunter in Greek mythology. He was a giant known for his incredible strength and hunting prowess. One of the most famous stories involving Orion is his pursuit of the Pleiades, a group of seven sisters, which led to his death. The scorpion stung Orion, and he died. Zeus placed both Orion and the Scorpion in the sky as constellations, but they are never seen together. Orion is often depicted as a hunter with a club and a lion's skin, while Scorpius is a scorpion. According to one version of the myth, Orion beca,me infatuated with the Pleiades and pursued them relentlessly. To protect the sisters, Zeus transformed them into doves and then into the star cluster known as the Pleiades. In another version, Artemis, the goddess of the hunt, sent a giant scorpion to battle Orion. Explaining why day and night occur due to the Earth's rotation and how it affects different parts of the world at different times. 4. DAY AND NIGHT Equinoxes and Solstices: Recognizing the equinoxes and solstices as key points in the annual cycle of seasons. Understanding the changing seasons as a result of the Earth's axial tilt and its orbit around the Sun. 5. SEASON Components: Identifying the major components of the solar system, such as the Sun, planets, moons, asteroids, and comets. Planets: Learning about the characteristics and order of the planets in the solar system, including their relative sizes and distances from the Sun. Orbits: Understanding that planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths and that moons orbit planets. 3. THE SOLAR SYSTEM Layers of the Earth: Students learn about the Earth's layers, including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Rotation: Understanding the Earth's rotation on its axis, leading to the cycle of day and night. Revolution: Learning about the Earth's orbit around the Sun, leading to the changing seasons. 2. EARTH’S MOVEMENT EARTH AND SPACE 1.EARTH’S STRUCTURE 6. CONSTELLATIONS AND STARS Author/designer ALEX FERNANDEZ , ELZIRREA ELMIRICQUEA HAJAR KASTURI Short Comic: The Great Bear Fun Reading 25
Stratosphere Thermosphere The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from the Earth's surface up to an average altitude of about 12 kilometers The stratosphere is located above the troposphere. It extends roughly from an altitude of about 12 kilometers to 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface. The mesosphere is the third layer of Earth's atmosphere. It extends approximately 50 kilometers to 85 kilometers above the Earth's surface. The thermosphere is the fourth layer of Earth's atmosphere. It begins approximately 85 kilometers and has no clearly defined upper boundary. The exosphere is the uppermost region of the atmosphere and gradually transitions into the vacuum of space. EARTH AND SKY: LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE Troposphere Mesosphere Exosphere By Yi Shing & Niea Used to determine the actual environmental lapse rate & gatherinformation about vertical changes in pressure. wind, and humidity Radiosondes Satellite Used mainly for communications, such as beaming TV signals and phone calls around the world. It also used to take pictures of other planets,the sun, black holes, dark matter orfaraway galaxies An aurora, often referred to as the northern lights or southern lights, is a natural phenomenon of illuminated skies on Earth, primarily observed in regions with high latitudes. These phenomena present ever-changing patterns of vivid lights that manifest as drapes, beams, spirals, orlively flashes that encompass the entire expanse ofthe sky. Aurora A small body of matter from outer space that enters the earth's atmosphere, becoming incandescent as a result of friction and appearing as a streak of light. Meteor A powered flying vehicle with fixed wings and a weight greaterthan that of the airit displaces. Aeroplane A large balloon made of strong material thatis filled with hot air or gas to make it rise in the air, usually carrying a basketfor passengers. Hot Air Balloon 26
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