poultry nutrition

Water, Vitamin & Minerals
For Poultry

BY: Jay, Syaf & Nect

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Poultry nutrition

Water
Vitamins
Minerals

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WATER
By: Jaycita

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What is water?

v Essential for sustaining life and ranks second to oxygen
in importance.

v Needed in greater quantity than any other orally
ingested substance and is classified as a macronutrient.
Sources of water include drinking water, metabolic
water (produced during catabolism of carbohydrates,
fats, and proteins to carbon dioxide and water), and the
water that presents as moisture in different feed
ingredients.

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Important of water in poultry:

v Metabolism
v The essential nutrient
v Amount of water needed
v Digestion
v Egg production
v Waste elimination
v Body temperature

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Signs of deficiency of water in poultry:

v Decrease of feed intake
v Reducing growth rates
v Decline in egg production

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Poultry water consumption depend on factors:

v Water being too hot
v Contaminated water
v Type of drinkers used
v Drinker height
v Water pressure

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Vitamins

q A group of organic compounds that poultry only require in small quantities (essential for
normal body functions, growth, and reproduction).

q Vitamins A, D, E, and C - normal function of the immune system as their deficiency is known
to impair innate and adaptive host responses.

q Poultry can make their own vitamin C, so no there is dietary requirement for this yet good to
use when birds are stress.

The Role Of Vitamins In Poultry

Vitamin A (The fat-soluble) A K Vitamin K (The fat-soluble)

Ø For growth, health of eyes and moist surfaces of the body. Ø For synthesis of prothrombin which acts as a clotting
Ø Required for reproduction and maintenance of epithelial cells mechanisms and has a protective effect against coccidiosis.

in good condition (skin and the linings of the digestive, Ø Wheat germ oil, fish liver oil, alfalfa meal, greens,
reproductive, and respiratory tracts). germinated pulses, soybean oil, grains and fish meals are
Ø Fish liver oil and greens are rich this sources rich of vitamin K

Vitamin D (The fat-soluble) D E Vitamin E (The fat-soluble)

SLIDESMANIA.COM Ø To maintain appetite, helps in digestion and preserves the Ø Powerful antioxidant and important for normal
health of nerves. neurological functions.

Ø For proper absorption and utilisation of calcium and
phosphorous (required for normal growth, bone
development, and eggshell formation) mainly from vitamin
D3.

Ø Can be produced when sunlight hits the bird's skin or it can
also be found in fish liver oils.

The B vitamins is a water-soluble vitamins that are involved in many metabolic functions, including energy metabolism. A vitamin premix
is typically used to compensate for the fluctuating levels of vitamins found naturally in food and to assure adequate levels of all vitamins.

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Vitamin B1(Thiamine) Vitamin B6(Phyridoxine)

Ø Necessary for proper carbohydrate Ø For proper metabolism of amino acids & to
metabolism. maintain good growth.

Ø Abundance in rice polish, wheat bran and Ø Rich in cereal grains, yeast and alfalfa meal.
cereal grains.
Vitamin B12(Cyanocobalamin)
Vitamin B2(Riboflavin)
Ø Involved with nucleic acid synthesis,
Ø Part of enzyme systems so plays a vital role carbohydrate and fat metabolism and methyl
in metabolism & to promote growth. synthesis.

Ø Can be found in grasses and brewer’s yeast Ø Maintaining normal growth and good
feathering.
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Ø Are in all foods of animal origin

Folic Acid Choline

Ø To promote good growth and feathering. Ø To maintain good growth.
Ø Yeast, fish meal oil cake and synthetic choline
Pantothhenic Acid
can be given to birds.
Ø To keep skin healthy and also for good growth.

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Deficiency Of Vitamins

SLIDESMANIA.COM Vitamin A Vitamin K

v Nutritional roup, characterised by conjunctivitis, oculo-nasal v Increase of blood spots in eggs
discharge, and eyelids stuck together with thick exudates. v Haemorrhages in the legs and breast
v Failure of blood clotting.
v Necrosis and keratinisation of mucosa of alimentary and
respiratory tract occurs. Vitamin E

v Poor growth, weakness and decrease egg production. v Encephalomalacia/crazy chick disease
v Exudative diathesis in young birds
Vitamin D v Muscular dystrophy (frequently in older and mature

v Poor body growth, loss of appetite that could lead to death. birds).
v Rickets
v Thin shelled eggs are produce with reduced hatchability,

show leg weakness and penguin like sitting posture.
v The beak, claws and ribs become very pliable.

Deficiancy Of Vitamin B

Vitamin B1 Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12

v Show anorexia, loss of weight, ruffled v Spasmodic convulsions and jerky v Slowed growth, anaemia, poor feed
feathers, dropping of wings and paralysis movements are seen in sick birds. utilisation and reduced hatchability.
of muscles.
v Poor growth and convulsions. v Embryonic mortality reaches peak on the
v The birds sit on flexed legs and draw back 17th day of incubation.
the head in a 'star-gazing' position.
v Myotrophy of legs and haemorrhages in
the allantois of the embryo

B1 B6 B12
FA PA

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v Reduced growth v Lesions in mouth and feet
v Poor feather development v Dermatitis besides fatty liver and kidneys.
v Decreased egg production
v Perosis and paralysis.

Deficiancy Of Vitamin B

Vitamin B2 C

v Diarrhoea and “curled toe paralysis” in Choline
birds between the first and second week
of age. v Perosis, characterised by puffiness around
the hock joint, flattening of the
v The affected birds walk upon their hocks tibiometatarsal joint and also twisting and
with the aid of their wings. bowing of the metatarsal with a slipping of
the Achilles tendon from the condyle.
v < egg production
v > embryonic mortality (18 to 20 days of

incubation) and dead in shell chicks, with
dwarfing and clubbing down feathers.

B2

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Eyelids stuck together Curled toe paralysis Crazy chick disease
with thick exudates

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The effect of deficiency of these
nutrients in feed

Several Health Economic losses
Problem occur to farmers

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poultry production

Minerals (Macro & Micro)

By: Nectaline

What is minerals? Signs of deficiency of Factors matters in taking
minerals in poultry: minerals for poultry:
Ø Minerals is important to
maintain body health. Ø Lack of energy Ø Species
Ø Feather abnormalities Ø Age
Ø There are 2 types of Ø Depigmentation of Feathers Ø Intake
minerals, micro and Ø Bone deformation Ø Requirement
macro minerals. Ø Decreasing egg production Ø Environmental factors
Ø Thin egg shells and
How minerals work/used by poultry?
decreasing hatchability
Ø Poultry needed more macro minerals
compare to micro minerals. Important roles of minerals in poultry:

Ø Macro minerals are often component Ø Formation of blood cells
that play important role in Ø Producing high quality egg
maintaining acid-base balance and Ø Having a good formation of
osmotic pressure.
egg shell
Ø Micro minerals related to to adequate Ø Blood clotting
immune response and play a main Ø Enzyme activation
role in the control of cell replication Ø Proper muscle functioning
and differentiation.
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Example of minerals ● Micro Minerals

● Macro minerals ● Copper
● Iodine
● Calcium ● Iron
● Phosphorus ● Manganese
● Chlorine ● Selenium
● Magnesium ● Zinc
● Potassium
● Sodium

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Water, Vitamin And Minerals For Poultry

By: Jay, Syaf, Nect