Unit Reader

a

I

3.troveling very long distonces. North Americqn _J

tfndions nomed their mosf powerful wor-riors
ofter wolves. t t\3
a
I https //kids. brito nn ico.com,/kid s/orlicle / ptg/ 353626 a I

2. hl t ps, / / ki d s. b r i to nn i c o co m / k i d s,/o rt I c I e,/ b eo r / 352836 a
3. http s, // k i d s. b r i to n n i c o. c o m,/ k i d s/o rt i c I e,/t u rtle / 35387 7

tl https,//kI ds.britonni co com,/kids/orticIe/wolf/353q30

Animal Facts 45



Becouse of Winn-D lxte

Unit Reoder



Excerp t f rom at On Writing ,t

By Kote DiComillo

...f cqnnot control whelher or not I om tolented,
but I con poy ottention. I con moke on effort to

Becouse of Winn-Dixie is the result of lhql

effor t. It is o book populoted with stroy dogs

ond stronge musicions, lonely children ond

lonelier odults.They ore oll the kind of people

thot, too often, get lost in the moinstreom rush

of life. Spending fime with them wos o revelotion

for me. Whol f discover ed is thot eoch time 1r

you look of the world ond the people in

it closely, imoginotively, the effor't .l

chonges you. The world, under the

microscope of your ottention, f+
;.r.
opens up like o beoutiful, *
\_ t a
astronge flower ond gives itself .,
a
bock to you in wqys you could o* * tI
t
,":. ri*'i;never tmqgtne. a

t a

Whot stories or e hiding behind the foces of the

people who you wolk post ever ydoy? Whot love?
Whot hopes? Whot despolr?

Ir.

50 Grade 3

reosure Is ond
Unit Reoder



The Dqy the

Mono Liso Wqs Stolen

By Cr^oig Rolond

0n IVondoy, August 21, Iqll, the world's most

fomous work of ort-Leonordo do Vinci's N/ono

[-1sq-u/q5 stolen from the Louvre museum in

Por'is. Thof morning, mony museum employees

noticed thof the pointing wos not honging in

its usuol ploce. But,they ossumed the museum

photogropher took the pointing off the woll ond

wos shooting pictures of it up in his studio. By

Tuesdoy morning, when fhe pointlng hodn't been

returned ond it wos not in the photogropher's
I
studio, museum officiols were
notifted. The poinftng wos gonel

The police were contqcted
fheodquorfers in the museum

curotor's office. The entire
immediqtely ond they set up {

rt
t a
\
a* a

i' ,, ti t.MUSEU M WOS .. t-rl -(> I t

Ia*r'ral rt*o t aI Ir3i*r * I a

t** o a

t

seorched f r om top to bottom. This took o week
becouse of the size of the Louvre: it's o l9-qcne
building thot runs olong the Seine river for 2,2OO

feet. The only thing o defective found wos the

heovy f rome thot once held the lt/ono Liso. It wos

discovered in o stoircose leoding to o clook room.

0nce the news become public, French newspopers

mode severql cloims os to the noture of the
theft. One newspoper procloimed thot on

Amenicqn collector stole the wor k ond would hove
qn exoct copy mode whlch would be r eturned to
fhe museum. This'collector'would then keep the

originol. Another newspoper soid thot the entir e

incident wos o hoox to show how eosy it wos to

steol from the Louvre.

ltzlony people were questioned obout the theft-

from museum employees lo people who worked or

lived neorby. Perhops somebody might hove seen

someone octing "suspiciously?' The police even

questioned Poblo Picosso. Picosso hod previously

bought two stone sculptures from

I o fr-iend nomed Pieret. Pieret hod I t

I I I
II
, --.!
\---------
lra:..-.----I'

54 Grade 3

I

a

octuolly stolen these pieces from the I-J +.T
Louvr e months before the Nzlonq Liso wos
stolen. Picosso thought thot perhops his t t\taI
friend might hove olso stolen the It/ono Llso.
I
Feqrful of the implicotions ond bod publicity,
Picosso hod the sculptur es given to q locol a
newspoper in or der for their retunn to the

museum. Picosso wished to remoin ononymous,

buf someone gove his nome to the police. After
on interrogotion the police concluded thot
Picosso knew nothing obout the theft of the

[t/ono Liso.

Luckily, the pointing wos recovered 27 months

ofler it wos stolen. An lfolion mon nomed

Vincenzo Perugio tried to sell the work to the

Uffizi Gollery in Florence, ftoly for $100,000.

Perugio cloimed he stole the wor kout of
potriotism. He didn't think such o work by o

fomous Itolion should be kept in Fronce. Whof
Perugio dtdn't reolize wos fhot while the [t4ono
Liso wos probobly pointed in ltoly, Leonor do took

it wifh him fo Fronce ond sold it to King Froncis I
for Ll,0OO gold coins.

The Day the Mona Lisa Was Stolen 55

How did Perugio steol the N/ono Liso? He hod
spent Sundoy night in the Louvre, hiding in on

obscure little room. ltzlondoy morning, while the

museum wos closed, he entered the noom where

the pointing wos kept ond unhooked if f r^om the

woll. In o stoircose, he cut the pointing from ifs
frome. While trying to leove the buildtng, he come
to o locked door. He unscrewed the doorknob ond

puf it in his pockef. He then wolked out of the

Louvre ond into the poges of hisfory.

fnterestingly enough, ten months before the
polnting wos stolen, the Louvr e decided to hove
oll moster pieces put under gloss. Perugio wos
one of foun men ossigned to the;ob. Police

questioned Perugio ofter the theft, but his

eosygoing, colm demeonor settled ony doubts of

his involvement

Source; Roland, C. (2006). The Day the Mona Lisa was Stolen. Retrieved November 4, 2015, from
http://www.ortiunction.org/orchives/TheDovtheMonoLisdwosStolen.pdf. Used with permission of A
rt Junction.

Permission granted to the Louisiana Department of Edu calon by Art Junc6on to post for teachers
to download and print for individual classroom use. Any other use of the text outside of this stated
purpose requires permission of the original copyright owner.

whm

56 Grade 3

Kids Were Onboord

the Titq nic, Too

By Nrlorylou Tousignont
April 13, 20l2

s-

Ik III/

I
l 1I

RIVS Titonic, April lO, l9l2 I i

We've hod o little occident.
They're going to fix it, ond then we'll

be on our woy.

.0-Steword on the Rlr/S Titonic *f ),?
April lLl, l9l2 ly"

L\a

a

t.lr I'arlrt*r .1 -l -1> t l
a
a * 'r* a& rl * a
I
oa o* t

ii$a 57

It wosn't the loud scroping noise thot woke

l2-yeor-old Ruth Becker qnd her mother thot

freezing April night. ft wos the sudden silence.

Like others oboord the grond new oceon liner

RN/S Tllonic thot moonless night l0O yeors ogo,

Ruth wondered why the ship's powerful engines

hod follen silent in the middle of the icy North

At lo nt ic

Their' sfeword, whose;ob lf wos to toke core
of them, colmed their jitters with soothing
words obout the'liftle occident." Whotever

wos going on couldn't be thot bod. Down below,
the ship hod l5 wotertight wolls thot mode it

olmost unsinkoble. The deloy would be short, he

p rom ised.

There hod olr eody been lots of excitement on the
Titonic (p.onorn"ed tte-TAN-ick) in its five doys
of seo. The biggest ond finest ship of ils doy, it
wos on its fir sf voyoge-q week-long crossing
from Englond to New York.

I t t
I
I I
t ,
I I
t

\---- -- _-

58 - Grade 3

a

Onboor d were 2,2OO possengers ond crew t. j- T

members, qnd 3,500 socks of moil ("Rlt/S'in -J

the ship's title stood for "Royol [r/oil Ship'). Some \t I
I
of the richest people in the world hod booked the a

fqnciest stoterooms. Their servonts trqveled Tta

with them. But more thon holf the possengens

were in third closs, the cheopest ticket. lVost

were immigronts wonting q new life ln Amer ico.

There were more thon IOO children on boord,

including,

'Williom Corter , ll, whose two dogs were in the

ship's kenne

'lVlorjorie Collyer, B, who occidenfolly left her

fovor ite doll on the ship.

'Johon Svensson, ll, who wos joining his fother

ond older sister in South Dokoto. The rest
of the fomily, still tn Sweden, wos to follow.
Johon's mother hod sewn his money info his

.1o c kef .

TooKids Were Onboard the Titanic, 59

For kids such os Johon, in third closs, much of
the ship wos off-limits, including the librory,
pool, sleom bofhs ond gym. So kids mode their
own fun. Fronkie Goldsmith,9, swung from

crqnes in the boggoge oreo.

The ship wqs os long os three footboll fields ond

hod nine decks. There were lots of ploces for

children in firsf ond second closs to explore ond

ploy gomes.

Disoster in the dork

For four doys, the trip went smoothly 0ther

ships worned of o lor ge ice field oheod, but the
Titonic's officers wer'en't wonried obout their
'unsinkoble" flooting poloce. They plowed oheod
until disoster struck neon midnight on April lLl.

The Tifonic, then obout 375 miles south of

Newfoundlond, Conodo, hit on iceberg. Up on

deck there wos no domoge, but down below,

woter begon pouring into some of the ,.----.. I
ship's comportments. If wos thoughf /'
t I t
,
t I
I
It I I

60 Grade 3

a

I
+.f hot woter wouldn't be oble fo f low from
twhot hoppened, ond it soon become cleor thot -J
tone comportment to the next. Buf thot's;ust
I
so much woter hod f looded the ship thol it would I
t
a
sink. The coptoin, told thot the ship would go Tta
down within two hours, ordered lifeboots f o be

prepor^ed so thot possenger s could get of f the

shtp.

There weren't enough boqls for everyone,
however. "Women ond childr^en fir st!'wos the
rule. But in the choos, most of the boots sel off
with empty seots. And some men mode lt in, while
some women ond obout hqlf of fhe children-
mostly from third closs-did not. As the lost
boot left oround 2 o.m., more thon 1,000 people

were still on the Titonic, whose nose hod slid into
the ink-dork oceon. Suddenly the ship's reor
lifted stroight up, ond with o terrible groon, the
Tifonic split in fwo. Nzloments lqten, the entire

ship hod disoppeoredl

'ft seemed os if ... the whole world wos stonding

still," recolled Evo Hort, who wos 7 when she
wqtched with her mother from o lifeboot os

TooKids Were Onboard the Titanic, 61

the Titonic sonk. "There wos nothing,..lust f his

deothly, terrible silence in the dor k nighf with
the stors overheod."

A ploce in history

The 700 survivors were rescued hours loter by
onofher ship, which r oced 58 miles through the
ice field ofter'receiving the Titonic's SOS coll.

The trip of their dreoms hod chonged their lives

forever.

It wosn't unlil 1985, neorly 73 yeors ofter the

trogedy, thot oceon exploners finolly found the

Titonic. The ship rests on f he oceon bottom,
2-miles underwoter, in two lorge pieces. Insteod
of the one big gosh thought to hove coused the
ship to sink, there ore six fhin slits tn the ship's
bottom, eoch no wider thqn o mon's hond, where
sfeel plotes were joined. The force of the crosh
seems to hqve torn the plotes oport, letting
woter rush in.

Since the 1985 discover y, thousonds of items,

including dishes, ploying cords ond pieces of

62 Grade 3

a

.;ewelry, hove been pulled from the tI
wneckoge ond put on disploy. Some people *. T

think the Titonic should be left in peoce, ts\aa
to honor those who died on its f trst-ond
I t
losf -voyo ge.
a
lr

TooKids Were Onboard the Titanic, 53



Fomily Treqsures

By Pomelo Joyce Rondolph

The chipped ceromic coffee mug
thot doddy used eoch morni

the dress mom soved for Christmos,
thot for yeons wos never worni

the greeting cords from children,
mode with posto, glue ond loce,

hove oll been pocked in boxes,

stored in some forgotten ploce.

Collectobles ond ontiques,

moy grow voluoble in yeons.

Buf who con pu1 o price tog

on fhose memories ond teor s? I {

The cr-yslol vose thot olwoys groced

the toble in the holl;

whot one moy see os pr-iceless,

others see no worth of oll. f+
*
{ ,y-

\ .>

rl*ri' ti .lu,raf'a'rst**r e t** I rll. a

I ,* *

*

e



t *'eT. ".,* o *I
a. ar**rj.r*if.
a *

ta I o f'
ar'l
IaaII a -' a? I *
t uDLU+oJI pJDJeO auAoTyl-
* \

-4

" aldoad asn puo
E Aauou.r a^ol ue+Jo a;doad 'Aauou-.r
f,l 6ursn puD e;doed 6urno1 Jo poo+suf,

.t Aausr6 +lo/V\-

( PuolsI aJnsoeJ_L uo +ool s,e+DJrd og+
llo ur uot.1+ slooq ul oJnsoaJ+ sJour sr aJav1,

u-roc'Ar1unocssoIssaJ+s ManM

(aJnsoaJ+ lsaloarO aq+ aJo selJor.r-ren,

osolol ue8-

,,.AeuLnof eu,+aJll
Jag Jo srq lnog6noJ\.1+ +lrnq pua6a1 ey1

1nq p1o6 +ou sr oJnsoaJ+ 1se66rq s,alorrd y,

ernsDerl

lnoqo selono lo uoll3ello3

nI've olwoys loved finding lhings in my
environment f hot bring me joy ond excitementl

How f un it is to become owore of your

sunroundingsl'

-Noncy B. Urboch

"0nce you find your treosure, the poth to get
there loses if s impor tonce."

-Bert N/cCoy

'Children ore our greotest treosurel"

-Dodo J.P. Voswoni
"If gold wos os plenfiful os sond, it would not be

os voluoble.'

-lVofshono Dhliwoyo

"When you treosure whot you hove, you ore
o reody rich

-Udqi Yodlo

"Finding Your Buried Treosure
A child's dreom,

To f ind o coche of gold coins

Buried in the bosement

58 Grade 3

a

0f your fomily's home. t
-J *. T
An old mon's dreom, t
t t\ a
To find the child o
a
who believed in buried treosune." a
Donold T. fonnone, D.Div

"Wherever there is power, greed, ond money,

Ttr here rs corrupT|ron. )) Ken Poirot

lr

Collection of Quotes about Treasure 59



Treosure

When you heor the word "treosure,'whqt comes

*o mind? Gold? Nzloney? Riches you con only dreom
obout? Treosure is something voluoble, speciol, or

imporfont, qnd while to mony people treosure is
deflned os hoving monetory volue, to ofher s thot
is not olwoys the cose.

Reod the following quototions obout treosure.
How does eoch quototion define freosure? Whot
does eqch quofotion soy obout freosure?

' "Gold mokes people crozy. They become los + I

their dreom. [ ]A+ some point in life,

everyone dneoms obout finding

gold. It's goldfever.'l

"There is something in o f+
y,
treosure thot fostens upon o *t

mon's mind. He will proy ond \ t a
aT
l' ,, rr.tlr lrb lo s pheme I -1> T t
ralrl;a*et*rtIa e.j t
rl
a
T* *
a
t

ond s+ill persevere, ond wlll curse the doy

he ever heord of it, ond will let his lqsl houn
come upon him unowores, still believing thof
he missed if only by o foot. He will see tt every
time he closes his eyes. He will never forget
it till he is deod-ond even then-[...]There ts
no getting owqy from o treosure fhqt once

fostens upon your mind.'2

'"Those who join the stompede to q new

goldfield moy genenqlly be divided into two

closses,l.. .] +h. novice ond the [old-timer]. The
novice joins the stompede becquse he cotches

fhe'fever'-dreoms dreoms. The old-timer

goes becouse the diggings he hod lost wor ked

in proved of little good. Were the lpirotes] of
old 1...] bo.n into the world to-doy, their spirit

would surely hove impelled them to the mining

comp) to seek fortune [..], ond to wogen
yeqrs of effort on the chqnce of wresfing

fr om Noture her treosur'e stores."3

'Do not slore up yourselves

t treosure on eorlh, where moth , I
t
I I
t..
II II

..---------u

72 Grade 3

ond rust destnoy, ond where thieves *
breqk in qnd steol. But sfore up for
I
your-selves tneqsunes in heoven, where
-J 3.T
neither moth nor rusf destr oys, ond where
t\ a
thieves do not breok in or steol; for where
aT
your tneosure it, there your heort will be
T l}a
q lso.

"Tneosure cqn meqn mony different things to
different people. Imogine wonder'ing fhrough
youn grondporenfs ottic or bosement. Boxes

of mogicol sf uf f owoit you of every turn.

Peering behind one pile or opening o box

r'eveols mogozines, photos, ond oblecfs fr om

on eorlier ero. If this isn'f treosure hunting,

whot is? [. . .] Euen f he most hordened treosune
divers relish the chose os much os the find ond

or-e lost ofter finding whot they sought for

yeors.Dq"

1. Source: Silvet V (2013, November 13). Gold Making people Crazy in Search for Sunken

Treasure- Retrieved September 20,2015,from http ://www.bloomberg.com/news/arti-
cles/2013-11-14/qold-moking-people-crozy-in-seorch-for-sunken-treosure

2. Conrad, J. (1904).Chapter Nine. ln Nostrom o: A Tole o f the Seoboord. New york,New york

Harper &Brothers.

Treasure 73

3. Jarvis, W (1913)."The Fortu ne-see kers" l n The 6reot Gold Rush(p. Chapter 1).
4. Toronto: Macmillan Company.4 Matthew 5:19-21
5. TreasurelTraveling Museum Exhibition Education Guide. (2006). Retrieved september 20,

2015, from http://www.xsnre.com/treosurei/downloads/TreasureiEdGuide.pdf

!q

74 Grade 3

Gold !

By Thomos Hood

Goldl Goldl Goldl Goldl

Bright ond yellow, hord ond cold

It/olten, groven, hommered ond rolled,

Heovy to gef ond light to hold,

Hoorded, bqrtered, bought ond sold,

Stolen, borrowed, squondered, doled,

Spurned by young, but hung by old

To the venge of o church yord mold;

Price of mony o crime untold.

Goldl Goldl Goldl Goldl

Good or bod o thousond foldl

How widely it ogencies vory,

To sove-to ruin-+o curse-lo
bless-

As even its minted coins expness t +
Now stomped with the imoge of , v,

Queen Bess,

And now of o bloody N/or y. \_ s|: *rt*

i'r, t ..*.alFoa'rf**. a o. a .* g I
tr3l. *
*I* ta I t t a
r*
a



The People

Those who lived of Poverty Poinl more thon

3,000 yeors ogo left no written necords of
their doy-to-doy lives. We know thot the slte
wos o ceremoniol center thot wos once home to
hundreds or perhops thousonds of people, os

well os o froding hub unmofched by ony in Norfh
Amer ico of thot time.

Archeologists hove leorned obout these people

by the moteriols they left behind-ortifocts ond
orcheologicol feotures-os well os whot they

didn'f leove behind, such os buriqls ond crop

re mo tns.

Buriol mounds were common

throughout the southeostern on d

centrol U.S., yet the obsence of f
humon remoins of Poverty Point *
a
suggests these monumentol \ a I
a
T
.Ir.a. ,. t t
I
rrt*'l;i' ,,aa*ta'trt**rttr.t** t a

a

eorfhworks, built by hond, wer'e being used for

other purposes.

Just os curious is the lock of domesticoted plont
remoins found of Pover'ty Point. Archeologisfs
hove found evidence of nuts, persimmons ond
gropes, which-olong with fish, deer ond
other wild foods-were more thon sufficient
for survivol. This mokes sense, os the Lower
N/ississippi Volley is one of North Americo's

mosf fer tile regions, obundont with food thot

wos llter olly ripe for the picking. Foroging wos o
fundomentol port of Poverty Point society.

So wos commerce The site wos once of the

centen of o huge trode network. Seventy-eight

tons of rocks qnd minerols from up to 800 miles

owoy were brought to Pover ty Point, on oreo

built on on elevoted londform, lvlocon Ridge, thot

contoined no stone of its own. Ifs people needed

this r ow moteriol to croff into weopons, tools

ond ceremoniol iiems. Thls would hove been

I impossible without help from forowoy r,-----.. \

t ,t I
I
I\ t I,
,

att-'---

78 Grade 3

a

l.

lrovelers, on locols troveling by boot to collect

-J +,trocks themselves.
\ t
We know much obout Poverty Point society just
by where they built their homes. Looking over a t
Boyou N./ocon, if's eosy fo ossume thot these men
a
T ta
ond women relied on the river. Thonks to onimol

ond plont r'emqins, we know their diet consisted

lorgely of fish, olligotors, frogs, turtles, deer,

hickory nuts, oquotic tubers, fr uits ond other

wild foods. N/ost of the onimol bones found

on-site were from locolly cought fish.

The question of why Poverty Point wos obondoned

remoins unonswered. A subsequent Americon
Indion group come olong onound 700 A.D. ond

reused o smoll port of the slte, but otherwise, lt

remoined obondoned until its rediscovery in the

l8O0s

The Mounds

Poverty Point's cenlerpiece is its collection of
eor'thworks built dur ing o 6OO-yeor period, or
whot todoy would be consider ed 25 genenotions

The People 79

fls concentric holf-circles, meosuring Ll to 6

feet high in ploces, hove on outside diometer
of three-quorters of o mile oporf. N/lound A,
commonly known os the Bird lr/ound, is one of the

lorgest in North Americo. Ever yfhing obout the

eorthen structures of Poverty Point suggest o

concerted efforf to build o mossive residentiol

qnd ceremoniol center thot hod no rivol in tenms
of scole ond size.

There ore o few uses for mounds. Some ore
used for buriols. Some ore used os plotfor ms

to elevqte speciol buildings or temples. Others,
such os shell mounds in Floridq, ore oncient trosh
heops. Yet Poverty Poini stonds oport. Wlth no
humon remoins or heops of shells, orcheologists
ossume thot these were symbols of power ond

weo lth.

People lived on the eorthen ridges. Excovotions

hove reveoled postmolds, distinctive stoins in the

soil coused by now-decomposed wooden posts,

which ore probobly the remoins of ,,------. \
I houses. At Pover ty Point, dwellings (
I I
I
I It
I I\
,I
l:.--j--:- ___--,.!
80 Grade 3

a

I +.T
were wottle ond tqub constructions, meoning f I
\I
the wolls wene formed by o woven frqmework t
a
of cone qnd sticks thot wos covered in mud. T ta

The scole of construction here mokes Poverty

Point sfond opor f for onother reoson. During this

ero of humon history known os the Lofe Archoic,

most people lived in smoll groups. Due to the size

of the eorthen ridges-the hobitotion oreo ot
Pover ty Point-however, there moy hove been ol
leost hundr eds of residenfs.

And her-e's o mystery for you. f n the Ll3-ocr-e

plozo, defined by the eor'then C-shoped ridges,

ore the remoins of mossive postholes thot were
set in circles stonding up to 213 feet in diometer.
An Americon version of Stonehenge? Perhops, but
probobly not. The plozo would hove mode for on
ideol meeling ploce. Some hove speculoted fhot tt
wqs used for ostronomicol observotion.

The Artifocts
lVuch of whol we know obout Poverty Point
comes from its diverse ortifqct collecfion.

The People 81

Unfontunotely, ob.;ects mode of wood or other

orgonic moteriqls such os conoes or fishnets-
which could hove told us obout whot these people
troded ond used doily-decomposed long ogo.

Thonkfully, though, ther e or e plenly of stone
ond cloy ortifocts thot help tell the story. Think
of Poverty Point decor otions ond styles os o
fingerprint. The intricote owl designs corved
from r ed;osper stone ond the ceromic humon
ftgurines ore porticulor to this ploce. This tells
us thot ort wos importont to these oncient

people, ond the imoges moy hove held spir ituol

significonce.

Likewise, think of the stone found of Pover-ty

Point os o r-oodmop. Rocks ond miner-ols cqme to

the site f rom os for owoy os present-doy Iowo

ond os for eost os the Appolochions. Wofer tied

lhese routes together. Like our modern highwoy

system, boot tr'ovel olong the N,/ississippi River

ond its tributories focilitoted the movement of

people ond mqteriqls t

I I I I
I
, I t

I\ I , I

82 Grade 3

a

I C. t
Pottery is not obundont of Poverty Point, but I
\I a
its people were qmong the f irsf in the Lower
*
N/ississippi Volley fo moke eorthen vessels.
They olso mode mony of her ob.1ects of f ired Tta
eorth on cloy, such os Poverty Point Ob3ects ond
figur ines. When visifing the sife, you will see

numerous exomples of flred cloy used thousonds
of yeors ogo.

However, stone wos more populor thon cloy for

moking vessels. And not just ony stone. Soopstone
from Georgio ond Alobomo quqrries wos

f r equently used, ond some pieces were decoroted
with bird ond ponther designs. The soopstone

bowls wene highly volued, ond of Pover ty Point,
you con f ind exomples of br oken stone bowls f hot
were repoired or reused-ond other s thot were

turned into pendonts ond beods. Sondstone wos
olso used to form vessels.

Befor e leoving the museum, be sure to reod obout

ond see exomples of whot ore known simply os
Pover ty Point 0b;ecfs, the most numerous of oll
or tifocts found of the site. These one smoll,
hqnd-fonmed cloy bolls thot were used to cook

The People 83

food. The PPOs were ploced in o hole, ond o fir e
wos built to heqt them. When the f ire died down,
r ow meot or fish wos odded, ond the hole wos
covered wif h dirt, cooking the meqt. 0ther notive

cultures used rocks for the some purpose, buf
of Pover ty Point-where stones were costly to
obfoin-prehistoric chefs found on ingenious

worko ro u nd.

Source: https://www.povertypoint.us/history-artifacts-poverty-point

i.i: 11 ::

84 Grade 3

outstono Purch ose

Unit Reoder



Slopping by Woods on cl

Snowy Evening

By Robent Frost

Whose woods these ore I think I know

His house is in the villoge though;
He will not see me stopplng here
To wotch his woods f ill up with snow

It/y little hor se must think it queer

To sfop without o formhouse neor
Befween the woods ond frozen loke

The dorkest evening of the yeor.

He gives his horness bells o shoke I I

To osk if there is some mistoke. +

The only other sound's the sweep

0f eosy wind ond downy floke.

a fBut I hove promises to keep, +
The woods ore lovely, dor k ond deep,

t"

And miles fo go before I sleep, *
And miles to go befor e f sleep. \ t I
ta
*t;ra|}o'l1fr.*r t lr..a ft- ,, a

t ,* * tt t

i'r, t rrt t a



The Louisionq Purchose

o nd the Forced Removol ofI

N olive Americq ns

This lext is odopted from on originol work of lhe Core

Knowledge Foundolion.

In the eorly l80Os, the French emperor, Nopoleon

Bonoporte, needed money to fight wors in

Europe. Fronce hqd colonized huge omounts

of lond west of the lt/ississippi River, f rom the

Gulf of IVlexico to Conodo Nopoleon sold this

lond, known os the Louisiono Territory, to the

United Stotes in 1803. Of course, the French did

nof octuolly'own'ollof this lqnd. So whot they

octuolly sold the United Stotes wos the

"outhority" to cloim the Iond for

Ithemselves-from the Notive
people who qlreody ltved there.

The Loulsiono Purchose doubled f+ *
v-

the potentiql size of the United \ a

a

Stq te s. rrt*'i:i' ,,raf 'lr';ti*rtti. ll..a .1> tt a.
o* *

a

e

This decision wos beneficiol for the new Americon

nqtion thqt wonted more lond to live ond for m on.

It wqs qlso hormful for the Notive Americons

who hod lived in the Louisionq Ter ritor y for

genenotions.

C

Soint-tv1emin, Chorles Bolthozor Julien Fevret
de, ontist 'ltzleriwelher Lewis,' lBgO-l9lO. Prints

ond Photogr ophs Division, Librory of Congress.

Reproduction Number LC-USZ52-l0l0q7

l'4eriwefher Lewis porlroif meriwef her
lewis porfroif

In lBO3, President Thomos Jeffer son opproved
on expedi+ion to explore the huge region. When

the Lewis ond Clork expedition-os it come to
be colled-got under woy, Coptoin N/eriwether

Lewis spoke to the Osoge people in the N,4issouri

Vo lley,

I t I t

I t I I
,
II t I

90 Grade 3

a

We ore all now of one fomily, born in lhe I
sorne lond, ond bound lo live os brofhers;
-J t--.

ond lhe sfrongers from beyond t'he greot' t t\ I

woler (Ihe Brilish Army) ore gone f rom I a t

among us... Lef us employ ourselves then in a

muluolly accommodat'ing eqch ofher.

In this quote, Lewis soys thot he wonts to live in

peoce with Notive Amenicon tribes. However, fhe

tneotment of Notive Americons ol the hond of
the U.S. government wos not of oll peoceful.

Americons of this time moinly formed or worked
in growing U.S. cities. Thot is lorgely how they
eorned money to survive. lVost of these eorly
Americons were Christions It/ost hod homes they

lived in oll the time. lt/ost believed lond should ond
could be owned by indlviduols, ond used in certoin

woys-such os to grow food or to develop towns

ond cities on.

Amer'icons wonted to ossimilote Nolive Americons
into their culture. To qchieve this, Americons
wonted to move Notive Amer icons onto lond

reserved, on set oside, for f hem. Of course,

The Louisiana Purchase and the Forced Removal of Native Americans 9L

this meont thot Notive Americons would octuolly
be isolqted from Europeon Amenicqns qnd their
woy of life. But, regordless, fhe U.S. government
odopted o policy of moving Notive Americons to

resenvotions ocross the N/ississippi River. The
U.S. government ochieved this by pressuring
Notive Americon groups to sign treoties

ceding their lond.0flen, the govennment would

threoten removol by force lf the tribe would not

peocefully sign over their lond. By 1860, o greot
mojor^ity of Notive Americons were relocoted ond

isoloted. When Notive Americons would not sign

treoties thot sent them to reservotions, or when
they signed lr eoties but would not move, the U.S.

Army forced them to move.

One especiolly infomous exomple of forced

removol wos the removol of the Cherokee tribe

from their oncestrol homelqnd. In the lB3Os, the

Cherokee of the southeostern United Stofes were

viewed by Americons qs on "ossimiloted" Notive

Americon tribe. They hod creoted o written

I olphobet ond published o newspoper. ,,-----.. t
I Cher okee oncestrol lond wos
I\ it I
I ,
t
\/ I I
-l------
-tV

92 Grade 3

a

FtD\f,f IrG.-9.Qj[o I +,T
-fL5J)1"-6bPdllt{
cf"1"g)tlU/ EBrJ--,4 -J
cfif.6.I'Acf-}r {'*
C?T(f$IJII:2ZOG t\ a a

'q[Il'Ig_lSi€rtr)1(jQG-,-\f/'.lv.-FJJL6lI{Is-GtfD' a I
sGic}'Lfffa
Plt{fi{)cx L sa

LCc)dt()IG Cher okee

longuoge wrif ing

especiolly suitoble for cultivoting cotton ond

other voluoble crops. And there wos gold in their

mountoinsl

As o result, in 1832, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled

thot the Cherokee could keep their londs. But

President Andrew Jockson ignored the Court's

ruling. The Cherokee wene violently forced off

of thelr oncestnol lond. Jockson senf the or my

The Louisiana Purchase and the Forced Removal of Native Americans 93

to move the Cherokee for to the west, to whof is

now 0klohomo. In lB3B, the government ordered
nine thousond soldiers to build stockodes ond fill

them with Cherokee ond other Nqtive Amenicqns.

The onmy herded obout fifteen thousond

Cherokee into the stockodes. The ormy then
force-morched them on on eighf-hundred-mile
journey to 0klohomo. Hunger, summer heot, ond

winter cold killed qbout four thousond of them
in the stockodes or on the morch. They could
not even bury their deod. This trogedy is known
in Americon history os the Troil of Teors. The

Cherokee colled it Nuno-do-ut-sun'y, "The Trqil

Where They Cried.'

Ir

94 Grade 3