Flap Design - Forside

Flap De

Homan Zan

esign

ndi 2004

Attached Gingiva
Free Gingiva

Mucoging
Alveolar Mucosa

Enamel

JE
CEJ

Connective Tissue

gival Junction

Homan Zandi

Obje

• The flap should offer
have an adequate blo

• The flap must be of a
fully reflected

• The edges must lie o

ective

r adequate access and
ood supply
adequate size and

on the sound bone

Mucoperio

• Mucosa
• Connective tissue
• Periosteum

osteal Flap

Homan Zandi

Consi

• The number of tee
• The length and sh
• The dimensions of
• The amount of atta
• The existence and

pockets
• The locations of m

frenums
• The height or dept
• The location of ana

the neurovascular

iderations

eth involved in the surgery
hape of the roots involved
f the lesion
ached gingiva
d depth of periodontal

muscle attachments and

th of the vestibule
atomic structures, such as
bundles and the maxillary

Techn

• Gingival flap
• Intrasulcular flap

– Triangular
– Rectangular

• Semilunar flap
• Submarginal fla

– Ochsentein-Lue

niques

p (marginal)

ap

ebke flap



Homan Zandi

Gingiva

• Indications

– Cervical resorptive
defects

– Cervical area
perforations

– Periodontal
procedures

al Flap

Homan Zandi

Intrasu

(Tria

• Indications

– Periapical Sugery
Postrerior areas

ulcular Flap
angular)

Homan Zandi

Intrasu

(Rec

• Indications

– Multiple teeth
– Large lesions
– Long roots

ulcular Flap
ctangular)

Homan Zandi

Semilun

• Indications

– Esthetic crowns

nar Flap

Homan Zandi

Subma
Ochsenbei

• Indications

– Prosthetic crowns

arginal Flap
in-Luebke Flap

Homan Zandi

In

• Tissue should be han
• Sharp dissection sho
• Careful hemostasis s
• Tension should be av

ncision

ndled gently
ould be used
should be attained
voided

# 11 Scalpel

Homan Zandi

# 15C Scalpel

# 12 S

Homan Zandi

Scalpel

Most endodontic
be avoided by
incis

1. Firm continuous in

surgery problems can
y using the following
sion rules

ncision

2) An incision should not cr
defect

ross an underlying bony

Homan Zandi

2) An incision should not c
defect

cross an underlying bony

Homan Zandi

2) An incision should not c
defect

cross an underlying bony

Homan Zandi

2) An incision should not c
defect

cross an underlying bony

Homan Zandi

3) The vertical incision should
between bone eminences

d be in the concavities

Homan Zandi



Homan Zandi

4) The vertical incision should
muccobuccal fold

d not extend into the

Homan Zandi

4) The vertical incision should
muccobuccal fold

d not extend into the

Homan Zandi

5) The termination of the vert
crest must be at the mesia
tooth

tical incision at the gingival
al or distal line angle of the

Homan Zandi