FLOR DE LA MAR In the end, it's not the years in your life that count. It's the life in your years SAMUDERA MUSEUM, MELAKA
Samudera Museum is a living museum that showcases the local history of ethnic ChineseMalay called Baba-Nyonya or Peranakan in Melaka i
SITI NURBALQIS BINTI MOHD NOOR 2021112303 NUR AZYANIS BINTI GHAZALI 2021497982 NUR ARINA AQILAH BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN 2021888138 EDITOR TEAM ii
TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction Background of Samudera Museum Map of Samudera Museum How to get there Places of interest near and inside the place The development stage Design standards Implementation of tourism policy Impacts Analysis of Impacts Future Planning Conclusion References Appendixes iii
INTRODUCTION Malacca is a state rich in history. It has seen growth, successes, and its fair share of battles. It has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008. It was an important port of call for passing ships back in the day. Malacca has received many battleships, passenger ships and cargo ships. Malacca is a place where many cultures meet and fuse. One of the most pronounced influences is the Portuguese architecture that one can see around Malacca. When the Portuguese came in 1511, they built a fort overlooking the river and named it A Famosa. It was built to maintain the Portuguese stronghold across the Far East, and to date, it is one of the oldest European Architecture present in SouthEast Asia. Besides, The Portuguese Square is also a place to enjoy the Portuguese culture within Malacca. It is located 20 minutes from Malacca town, within the Portuguese Settlement in Ujong Pasir. The square faces the sea where you can catch hearty Portuguese food while enjoying the sea breeze. Apart from Portuguese influence, there is also a Chinese descendant's settler that has adopted into the local Malay culture through intermarriage, forming the distinct Baba and Nyonya flavours. As mentioned earlier, Malacca is a place where many cultures meet. The Stadthuys, the Municipal Town Hall in Dutch, is the biggest and oldest Dutch building in Southeast Asia, located in the Malacca Town Square. It was built when the Dutch took over Malacca from the Portuguese and it took nearly 20 years to complete where the building materials were imported from the Netherlands. Page 1
Maritime Museum or in Malay; Muzium Samudera is a museum about maritime activities near the Stadthuys in Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia. It was officially opened to the public by the Fourth Prime Minister, Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad on 13 June 1994, beginning with phase one. Phase two of the museum is housed in the old Guthrie building and was opened by State Committee for Tourism, Culture and Environment Chairman Poh Ah Tiam on 23 May 1998. BRIEF BACKGROUND The museum mainly exhibits the replica of Flor de la Mar with 34 meters high, 36 meters long and 8 meters wide; houses exhibits, artifacts, and documents from the golden era of Malacca as well as the various administrations that have administered such as the Portuguese and the Dutch and shows how political control of Malacca was essential to the establishment of maritime dominance in the region and also displays the trading link of Malacca from the early time through the colonial era until independence. With many ships sailing about the Straits of Malacca, a number of them were sunk here and one of the unfortunate ships is the Flor de la Mar the meaning of the name is “Flower of the sea”. It was the biggest Portuguese carrack ever built during that time but it wasn’t the most efficient ship to sail at the seas. Its journeys were riddled with complications during some of its earlier trips. The ship made it to Malacca under the command of Alfonso de Albuquerque during the conquest of Malacca in 1511. However, it sank on the 20th of November 1511 on its way back to Portugal with treasures looted from Sultan Malacca’s palace. Page 2
MAP The Maritime Museum of Malacca is located just ahead of the Stadthuys. It is exactly opposite the Medan Samudera which is a handicraft and local produce building. The best way to get to the Maritime Museum from the Stadthuys is by walking as you can better appreciate the museums, galleries, mosques, churches and another historical fort around Banda Hilir. Moving from Melaka Tourist Information Center and walking at the pathway between Samudera Medan Handicraft Shop and Melaka River for less than 10 minutes, you will reach the famous Maritime Museum. Standing in front of the museum, you will first be surprised by the magnificent structure of the museum and later, redefine the common way you perceive a museum as nothing more than a normal building. Page 3
HOW TO GET THERE? Page 4 There are so many ways to go to the Maritime Museum. Most people such as: From RM 10 and above from Malacca Central 8-13 minutes Average distance: 5.1km Grab and Taxi RM 25 per trip from Taming Sari Tower 8 minutes Average distance: 2.4 km Trishaw RM 3.50 from Malacca Central 8-13 minutes Average distance: 5.1 km Bus
Page 5 PLACE OF INTEREST NEAR AND INSIDE THE MUZIUM SAMUDERA Taming Sari Tower Nearby the Muzium Samudera, there is a famous tower in Melaka called Taming Sari Tower. The ride provides you with a stunning and panoramic view of historical Melaka City from a height of 80 metres, as well as distant views of Pulau Besar, the Straits of Melaka, St. Paul's Hill, the Independence Memorial Building, the Samudera Museum, the ship, Flor de La Mar, the Melaka River, Dataran Pahlawan, and the Melaka Straits Mosque. Aside from that, you'll also notice how quickly the state is developing. Make your trip to the old city of Melaka a delightful and unforgettable experience by taking a ride. The operation hours of this tower is 10am until 11pm. Kumpulan Melaka Berhad (KMB), which is fully owned by the state government of Melaka, has a subsidiary called Melaka Taming Sari Bhd (MTSB). The management has extensive experience in consulting and business management. Melaka River Cruise A well-liked tourist attraction in the Malaysian city of Melaka is the Melaka River Cruise. The Melaka River, which flows through the centre of the city, is slowly toured by passengers on the boat. While taking in the sights and sounds of the city from the water, passengers on the trip can learn about the history and culture of Melaka. The tours normally run 45 to 60 minutes and are conducted in traditional wooden boats known as "sampan". The cruises typically leave at the Taman Rempah jetty and pass past a variety of sites, including the Melaka Sultanate Palace, Dutch Square, and Stadthuys. The cruises are a fun and peaceful way to see the city because they run all day. This attraction is open daily from 9am until 11.30pm.
DEVELOPMENT STAGE OF MUZIUM SAMUDERA The Portuguese ship that sank off the coast of Malacca on its voyage to Portugal was replicated in the construction of The Maritime. The centrepiece of the museum is a 34-meter-high, 36-meter-long, and 8- meter-wide reproduction of Flor de La Mar. The museum also contains items, artefacts, and records from Malacca's golden age, demonstrating how political control of the city-state was crucial to the creation of maritime power in the area. Additionally, it demonstrates Malacca's trading connections from prehistoric times through the colonial era and up to independence. Page 6
DEVELOPMENT STAGE OF MUZIUM SAMUDERA The first of two sections has a reproduction of the Portuguese ship Flor de la Mar from the time of exploration. It was constructed in the early 1990s, and on June 13, 1994, Malaysia's Prime Minister, Y.A.B. Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, inaugurated it. Additionally, YB Datuk Poh Ah Tiam, the Chairman of the State Committee for Tourism, Culture, and Environment, inaugurated the second phase on May 23, 1998. The Ocean Museum is housed in the adjacent structure from the older construction of the Old Guthrie Warehouse, which was restored by the Public Works Department and is near to the Flor de la Mar replica. The museum features exhibits on several topics, including ocean exploration, marine life, sea treasures, and the WWF. Page 7
DESIGN STANDARDS Famous shipwreck Flor de la Mar occurred in 1511 off the coast of Melaka, Malaysia. The history and artefacts of the renowned shipwreck are shown in the Flor de la Mar Museum in Bandar Hilir, Melaka. The goal of the museum's design would probably be to give visitors a vivid and immersive experience that illustrates the Flor de la Mar's history. This can be accomplished using a range of design components and displays, including: Historical context: Visitors to the museum may probably learn about the Flor de la Mar ship's construction, crew, and trip in detail, as well as the events that led to the ship's sinking. Artefacts: A large number of the shipwreck relics, including pottery, jewellery, and weaponry, would be on show in the museum. The curation and presentation of these items would emphasise their historical value and tell the tale of the ship and its crew. Multimedia and interactive exhibits: The museum may use multimedia exhibits including videos, interactive displays, and virtual reality experiences to make the museum experience more interactive and engaging and to bring the Flor de la Mar's narrative to life. Conservation and preservation: The museum would use cutting-edge conservation and preservation procedures to shield the items from harm and deterioration over time in order to ensure that they are conserved for future generations. Lighting and acoustic: To improve the tourist experience, the museum would include a welldesigned lighting and acoustics system. The overall goal of the museum is to develop a dynamic, immersive, educational experience that enables tourists to discover about the Flor de la Mar shipwreck and the heritage of Melaka in an interesting and participatory way. Page 8
IMPLEMENTATION OF TOURISM POLICY The tourism policies for museums in Melaka would likely include the promotion of museums to tourists, safeguarding the preservation and protection of artefacts and displays, and offering interesting and informative experiences for visitors. This could involve activities like coming up with marketing ideas and campaigns to draw visitors, putting in place entrance prices and other revenue-generating techniques, establishing guided tours and educational programmes, and making sure that the buildings and exhibits are kept in good condition. The government may also collaborate with regional and global organisations to support the creation and administration of the museums. However, there may be difficulties in putting these principles into action, such as a lack of finance, staff, or trouble drawing tourists. The preservation of the region's cultural history while also making it accessible to tourists, balancing the need for financial viability with the need to safeguard the artefacts and exhibitions, may also be an issue. It is also crucial to keep in mind that there might be additional difficulties affecting Melaka's tourist sector as a whole, such as the COVID-19's effects on travel and tourism, competition from other locations, and the requirement to diversify the region's tourism offers. Page 9
ECONOMIC Positive Impact Currency Exchange Currency exchange can also improve the economic sector in the country. This is because when tourists come to travel to a country, they will spend at the tourist's place and this will contribute to the country's economy. it also depends on a certain place of the branding in handling the finance. If the place handles the money wisely, it is likely that the money will return in the local economy. From those results, some tourism areas can develop business and this will have a positive effect in the economic sector in the country. Job Opportunities According to Fleming and Toepper (1990), when tourists spend their money while traveling, it can create jobs and contribute to the local economy. The Samudera Museum (Flor De La Mar) has had a positive impact on the local economy by increasing employment opportunities and the income of local residents, especially in the tourism and retail sectors. The Samudera Museum (Flor De La Mar) contributes to the local economy by bringing in revenue and opening up new job opportunities. On a global scale, tourism is one of the largest Page 10 and fastest growing industries.
Rise in Price ECONOMIC Negative Impact Cost of Development The area around tourist spots has affected the locals as the cost of living has increased dramatically. This is because when the place is often visited, the demand will also increase and this makes it difficult for local residents to live in the high cost. Furthermore, the city of Melaka is a popular place to visit because it is one of the historical places and is visited by tourists whether domestic or international and the Samudera museum is one of the tourist attractions. This will affect the local population with an increase in the price of essential goods. A component that has a negative impact on tourism is the high cost of building new infrastructure. The government and local residents in this area will bear a heavy financial burden due to the development of tourists visiting the area. The government invests a lot in other infrastructure such as airport facilities, roads and other facilities will also increase to develop the tourism place. The investment made in a certain place has also consumed a very high cost. Therefore, investment in this sector can be reduced and the expenditure can be used in more important sectors such as education and health for the local people. From the aspect of economic impact, the management of Samudera Museum (Flor De La Mar) should increase the number of cultural employments that include creative and performing artists, music, arts and linguists such as translators or interpreters within the museum. They must advance more creative educational resources such as leisure software (video game) and performing arts, where visitors could be educated and encourage themselves in contributing to the beauty of history while they are enjoying the museum. Control Measure Page 11
Every nation with a large tourism economy has developed a strategy for positive social and cultural impact. In many developing countries, the sociocultural impact isn’t only positive, but also of great importance to stated development goals. The positive social impact of international tourism creates a more open-minded and tolerant generation that can more easily understand other cultures and ways of life. Social media is also becoming a powerful tool for tourism management. More and more travellers are looking for a destination that not only offers breathtaking scenery and unique cultural experiences but also the opportunity to contribute to making a positive social impact on their destination. SOCIAL Positive Impact Page 12
Tourism is an important source of revenue for most countries in the world, as it contributes to the country’s economic growth. In fact, it’s one of the most significant contributors to a developing country’s economic growth. Tourism can be used as an effective tool for development and poverty reduction. However, tourism development can also negatively impact host communities and the environment if not properly managed. The dependency effect can occur when a region or country becomes increasingly dependent on mass tourism. SOCIAL Negative Impact Control Measure The management of Samudera Museum should at least have staffs to be as the tour guide inside the museum. It would be better for tour guide who have learn third language such as Mandarin, Arab, and others. It is because this museum are one of the hotspots place in Malacca city especially among the tourists from around the world and not all tourists could understand English. This suggestion could be an advantage for the Samudera Museum to attract more tourists to come and visit the museum. Volunteering is a beautiful thing and educates travellers. But despite our best intentions, this is also one of the negative impacts of tourism. Volunteers are needed in many instances, don’t read this and stop volunteering. But don’t centre yourself! Volunteers are amazing but they’re passerbys. They come, they help, and they move on. They most likely never forget but they generally go back to a privileged existence. We tend to forget the real heroes whose life it is to rescue/look after /educate. Amplify their actions when you come home. Volunteering Dependence on Tourism Page 13
ENVIRONMENTAL Positive Impact The tourists that come to this attraction, they helps in contributing the funds for the maintenance and repair of the built heritage and the natural resource surrounding the Flor de la Mar museum. Other than that, cleaner production in planning and running tourism facilities from this place’s organization can give benefits in minimizing the undesirable environmental impacts. Page 14
ENVIRONMENTAL Negative Impact As the tourist to this attraction keep increasing, one of the environmental concern is air pollution due to many transportation used around the area. The carbon dioxide emissions from various forms of transportation, including rail, road, and air are referred to as this sort of pollution. It cause by climate change, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from vehicles are particularly harmful to the environment. In terms of specific tourist activities, tour groups generate more GHG emissions than lone tourists. The tour buses will continue to run after the guests have returned from their excursion, keeping the interior cool. CONTROL MEASURE The amount of plantings in the area surrounding the attraction should be increased as a reasonable protective measure to reduce air pollution. Based on Khatun (2021), planting trees over a large area of land can considerably lower the quantity of carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere because it is well known that plants are the ecosystem’s lungs because they exchange carbon dioxides with oxygen. The use of native plants is key to making this strategy work because they often require fewer pesticides and are simpler to manage (Khatun, 2021). Page 15
Econ Job Opportunities Positive Impact ANALYSIS O Museum Samudera (Flor De La Mar) is a historical place that is suitable for any age and was developed for education about the history that had happened in Malacca. It is located in the middle of Malacca City and is surrounded by other attractions. There have been two impacts from the development of the museum which are positive and negative impacts. The impacts consist of economic, social and environmental. In terms of economic impacts, the quality of life and living standard of the local community can be improved by offering job opportunities in tourists’ attractions. Moreover, with the development around the Samudera museum area, the infrastructure has been improved and developed to accommodate and provide more services and attractions for local people and tourists. Foreign Exchange Earnings The foreign exchange market is the largest financial market in the world. tourists who come to travel to attractions such as the Samudera museum over a fast and developed area. This will increase the use of foreign currency in our country. With foreign currency, tourists are willing to spend more because the currency from their country has a higher value than Malaysia. This is one of the benefits to our country in terms of economy and creating job opportunities for local people. Page 16
omy Cost of Development Rise in Price Negative Impact F IMPACT Developed infrastructure will be improved if a place gets the attention of tourists. The improvements will be carried out in places such as airports, roads, and public places. However, it will be charged with a high price and may cause inflation in the country. The government needs to prepare a strategy so that investors are interested and invest in the country. Without investors, it is possible that the domestic economy will decline and tourists will be less interested in traveling in our country. After several years in a pandemic state, now people start leaving the house and traveling when it is declared endemic. This situation has put most of the attraction centers to raise prices such as ticket prices, souvenirs and so on. In addition, the cost of transportation such as airplanes, buses, ferries, and trains has also increased compared to the previous year. Hotel prices close to tourist attractions have also been charged at relatively high prices. it will affect tourists, especially local people who want to travel within the country. Page 17
Positive Impact Creating Experiential Learning Opportunities Soc ANALYSIS O Connecting Generation and Culture Tourism is not only traveling for fun but traveling can also add a lot of knowledge to a person. Tourists will be exposed to new knowledge and history that happened in the past. This can provide many benefits to tourists whether from within the country or abroad. In addition, it will strengthen social relations between tourists and workers working in the tourism sector, services and so on. By being exposed to knowledge, it tends to open one's thinking and not be in a small circle without knowing about the outside world. In addition, knowledge is not just read, but there is sophisticated technology that can attract the attention of tourists to learn about certain information by using technology such as virtual reality, audio recording, holographic and so on. Although many tourists like to travel around the world to explore the customs, lifestyle, traditional food, history that happened in a country and various types of intentions that the tourists want to do. However, they still appreciate the uniqueness of their own country. In fact, they may also compare the culture of another country with their own country in social practices. Page 18
Negative Impact Conflict between Social Changes and Culture ial F IMPACT Standardization and Commercialisation Tourists come to tourist attractions to enjoy the culture, history or activities provided. Nevertheless, the organizers did not focus on that aspect and this caused the visit place not to receive a lively response from visitors. This is because they do not advertise and promote the attraction and this causes the source of income in a place to decrease. When this happens, it will have a social impact on the organizers as well as the tourists. Social change can be definite as the way in which human communications, relationships, behavior patterns, and cultural norms change over time. Culture brought by outsiders can have negative effects on local people such as congestion, drunkenness, noise, gambling and fights. Local residents may feel uncomfortable with the way and culture that is brought because it will affect the younger generation who easily follow outside culture. When the culture is prevalent in the country due to the actions of foreign tourists, a person's social structure begins to fade and weaken and lose the manners, customs and culture that have been applied. In addition, the behavior of tourists who commit acts such as littering everywhere, drug distribution and uncivilized behavior will also affect the relationship of tourists with the country. These variations eventually change cultural and social organizations, perceptions, and rules, which will certainly impact society for the long-haul. Page 19
ENVIRON ANALYSIS O Tourists will always look for interesting tourism activities to visit nature, seek knowledge or just to find leisure. The role of nature has also been brought to the attention of producers to reduce the use of materials that can pollute the environment. However, tourists also to some extent play an important role in caring for and preserving the environment. Tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the worldwide economy, and it has a large environmental, socio-cultural and economic effect on destinations. Understanding the environmental values of tourism is important for the future of tourism around the world. The movement of visitors causes both man-made and natural resources to be used by tourists as well as industrial stakeholders, resulting in negative impacts. It has been found that developed countries have the resources to minimize negative consequences while developing countries continue to face difficulties in controlling negative consequences. Page 20
MENTAL F IMPACT Increased development in fastpaced areas such as cities and major tourist spots has led to increased environmental problems. In fact, there is no place that has 'zero impact' on tourists and alternative types of development, it will have an impact on the environment. Environmental resources need to be well taken care of so that they are not polluted and maintain the image of a clean and healthy country. Although there are differences in the level of intensity that cause environmental problems, it is generally agreed that uncontrolled tourism will result in the destruction of forests, pollution, congestion, ecological balance, endangered natural diversity, flora and fauna, overflowing garbage routes and dense areas. Page 21
FUTURE Museum Samudera (Flor De La Mar) is one of the tourist destinations in Melaka that offer education about the history of Malacca. Museum Samudera has taken into planning activities to expand their buildings, facilities, utilities and other features in order to improve and offer better services and interaction for the visitors and tourists. The future planning has been established to accommodate further amenities to boost the attractions at Museum Samudera. Building and infrastructure In the future planning to increase the carrying capacity in the museum, they have to expand some of the area in the museum in order to accommodate more visitors and tourists that visited the museum. The expansion is to prevent overcrowding during peak seasons such as school holidays. Page 22
Technology in Museum PLANNING Digital technology is becoming a tool of imaginative expression and innovative humancomputer communications technologies and ordinary communication are being developed. Technology influences technology and is influenced by culture (Ch’ng et al., 2019; Gockel et al., 2013). Now, the museum is changing their resolution and using a more ‘visitor-oriented’ method to offer tourists this unforgettable experience. It is to produce a sustainable future and strive to ensure that other cultural heritage information is digitally available for public accessibility. This digitalization process has a high cost for museum managers and they need to protect their important resources and collections. They must ensure that museums remain relevant and valuable to future generations by enabling audience participation and enhancing the audience experience. Technology is important since it can attract the attention of customers and bring them closer to the history of the museum. Facilities for the disabled The museum should increase the facilities especially for disabled people who visit the museum. Welcoming tourists with different profiles means having a staff trained to best assist them according to their needs especially for the disabled tourists.it could help them experience and enjoy their visit freely without worrying. Tourists who disabled must not meet any complications during their visit once they arrive. The museum should provide a subtitle video, visual contrast and using substitutions to captchas can greatly help tourists with disabilities navigate the internet. Page 23
This magazine offers an understanding of Museum Samudera (Flor De La Mar) which is one of the listed in UNESCO World Heritage Site on 7th of July 2008. This magazine represents the different scopes in the museum such as design standards, implementations of tourism policy, the impact and also the future planning of the museum. Therefore, after analyzing all the impacts concerning the museum, we can conclude that the result of the investigation shows that the positive impacts contribute to more points compared to negative impacts. Nevertheless, the local authorities and government must play their part in order to reach a positive outcome in regards to the discussed problem found in the development of the museum. Therefore, the next generation can still appreciate and experience the history of Malacca as we have today. From an outlook, it is believed that there are many things that can be done for Museum Samudera (Flor De La Mar) in terms of planning and development of places. In conclusion, we can conclude that Museum Samudera can become one of the well-known museums worldwide with the state of the facilities if there is any suitable planning and development strategy for the museum to become one of the places to visit. CONCLUSION This magazine offers an understanding of Museum Samudera (Flor De La Mar) which is one of the listed in UNESCO World Heritage Site on 7th of July 2008. This magazine represents the different scopes in the museum such as design standards, implementations of tourism policy, the impact and also the future planning of the museum. Therefore, after analyzing all the impacts concerning the museum, we can conclude that the result of the investigation shows that the positive impacts contribute to more points compared to negative impacts. Nevertheless, the local authorities and government must play their part in order to reach a positive outcome in regards to the discussed problem found in the development of the museum. Therefore, the next generation can still appreciate and experience the history of Malacca as we have today. From an outlook, it is believed that there are many things that can be done for Museum Samudera (Flor De La Mar) in terms of planning and development of places. In conclusion, we can conclude that Museum Samudera can become one of the wellknown museums worldwide with the state of the facilities if there is any suitable planning and development strategy for the museum to become one of the places to visit. Page 24
REFERENCES SAMUDERA MUSEUM (FLOR DE LA MAR) Kamariotou, V., Kamariotou, M., & Kitsios, F. (2021). Strategic planning for virtual exhibitions and visitors’ experience: A multidisciplinary approach for museums in the digital age. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 21, e00183. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DAACH.2021.E00183 Mansour, S., Alahmadi, M., & Abulibdeh, A. (2022). Spatial assessment of audience accessibility to historical monuments and museums in Qatar during the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Transport Policy, 127, 116–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRANPOL.2022.08.022 Journey | Melaka River Cruise. (n.d.). https://melakarivercruise.my/journey.php Exhibition and Research Unit | Official National Museum Website. (n.d.). http://www.muziumnegara.gov.my/index.php/en/exhibitionand-research-unit Ismail, N. S., Salleh, N. Z. M., Omain, S. Z., Idris, N., Samori, Z., & Anas, N. (2018). Heritage Tourism at the Historical Town of Malacca: Examining Opportunities, Evaluating Challenges. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(1), 897–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i1/3958 Khatun, B. (2021, September 24). Malacca Sustainable Tourism: The environmental, economic, and social sustainability cost and the existing sustainable practices of Malacca. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/malacca-sustainabletourism-case-study-bristi-khatun FutureLearn. (n.d). Positive environmental impacts. Retrieved from https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/the-impactsof-tourism/0/steps/90676 Page 25 About Us. Menara Taming Sari. (2020, July 24). Retrieved January 22, 2023, from https://menaratamingsari.com/aboutus/ Ismail, N. S., Salleh, N. Z. M., Omain, Heritage Tourism at the Historical Town o Challenges. International Journal of Acad 8(1). https://doi.org/ MELAKA TAMING SARI BERHAD. (2020, July 24). About Us. Menara Taming Sari. https://menaratamingsari.com/about-us/ Museum Samudera (Flor De La Mar). (n.d.). Petit Go. https://www.petitgo.com/listing_display?listingid=281 MELAKA TAMING SARI BERHAD. (2023a, January 9). Home. Menara Taming Sari. https://menaratamingsari.com/ Okeenea by Martinez, C. (11 June 2021). How to Make Museums More Accessible for People with Disabilities? Wikipedia contributors. (2022, December 9). Flor de la Mar. Wikipedia. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flor_de_la_Mar
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